Eradicating Invasive Spartina Alterniflora with Alien Sonneratia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eradicating Invasive Spartina Alterniflora with Alien Sonneratia Ecological Engineering 73 (2014) 367–372 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecoleng Eradicating invasive Spartina alterniflora with alien Sonneratia apetala and its implications for invasion controls a,c,1, b,1, b a,d a,e Huai Chen *, Baowen Liao **, Bin’er Liu , Changhui Peng , Yao Zhang , b a a Wei Guan , Qiu’an Zhu , Gang Yang a State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China b Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China c Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China d Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 201 Président-Kennedy, Montréal, H2X3Y7, Canada e Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: The smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) has invaded coastal areas throughout the world, including Received 9 July 2014 China, in the past decades. Scientists of China and other countries are trying all means to control its Received in revised form 4 September 2014 invasion, including physical removal, chemicals, and biological control by herbivores. The present Accepted 26 September 2014 research chose a small island (the Qi’ao Island) to study biocontrol of S.alterniflora with mangroves. In Available online xxx 1999, we began to introduce fast-growing mangroves (mainly an alien species, Sonneratia apetala) to control S. alterniflora invasion. In 2011, we eventually eradicated S. alterniflora (only 0.63 ha remained for Keywords: experimental purpose) through expanding mangroves up to 300 ha. The dozen-year monitoring showed Coastal ecosystems that S. apetala did not invade in native mangroves. The isolated island in the present study makes an Biocontrol fi Biodiversity experiment platform for scientists to nd a strategy to check one invasive plant with another alien plant Mangroves but not introducing new invasions. ã Biological invasions 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Eradication of invasive alien species is acknowledged as a key management for mitigating invasion-caused impacts. However, Alien plants have been increasing in floras around the world, regarding invasive alien plants, it appears that only some very with invasive aliens considered as a global threat to biodiversity localized removals have been completed (Capdevila-Argüelles and ecosystem functioning (Bax et al., 2003; Bjerknes et al., 2007; et al., 2005). Biological control is an effective and valuable tool to Knapp and Kühn, 2012). Such invasive aliens usually cause negative control invasion through releasing natural enemies or competitors economic impacts and costs in the recipient regions (Vilà et al., from the invader’s native range (Hoddle, 2004; Messing and 2010). With intensified anthropogenic activities, new invasion of Wright, 2006), though usually with risk of negative impacts of the alien species continues all over the world, especially in regions introduced biological control agents on local ecosystems (Henne- with rapidly developing trade and economics, e.g. China (Kowarik, man and Memmott, 2001; Messing and Wright, 2006). 2003; Lin et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2005). Moreover, global warming The smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora, Fig. 1) is a perennial enables alien species to expand into regions where they previously C4 grass native to upper intertidal salt marshes across the Atlantic could not survive and reproduce (Walther et al., 2009). Therefore, and Gulf coasts of North America. It was firstly introduced as continuous strengthened efforts should be made in controls of ecological engineering species to prevent shoreline erosion, but invasive aliens, with early detection and rapid response (Huang quickly invaded the coastal ecosystems (Wan et al., 2009). Now it is et al., 2012). found in coastal marshes almost all over the world. In 1979 S. alterniflora was introduced to China from the United States, also for ecological engineering purposes including reducing tidal wave energy, mitigating erosion, trapping sediments, reclaiming tidal * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 28 8289 0543; fax: +86 28 8289 0536. flats and protecting dike (An et al., 2007; Chung, 2006). With ** Corresponding author. Tel.:+ 86 20 87028494; fax: +86 20 87031622. anthropogenic transplanting, natural dispersing and hybridizing E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (H. Chen), with native species, S. alterniflora successfully invaded in nine of [email protected] (B. Liao). 1 Both authors equally contribute to this work. the fourteen coastal provinces of China (Wan et al., 2009), forming http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.096 0925-8574/ã 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 368 H. Chen et al. / Ecological Engineering 73 (2014) 367–372 monocultures and expanding its coverage to more than 112 000 ha case of biocontrol (almost complete eradiation) of S. alterniflora by 2000 (An et al., 2007). For its great negative effects on with an alien plant (Sonneratia apetala) in an island of China. biodiversity and other ecosystem services, S. alterniflora is now regarded as one of the top 16 most harmful exotic plants in China 2. Methods and materials (Wang et al., 2008). Several control methods have been used to prevent and mitigate the spread of S. alterniflora, including 2.1. Ethics Statement burning, harvesting, grazing by snails, herbicide application (not permitted now for health consideration), freshwater irrigation, and Our field studies were approved by the Bureau of Qi’ao some combined methods, e.g. substituted by Phragmites australis Mangrove Wetland Natural Reserve. The study was observational, after hydrology changing, but all with unclear effectiveness (An involving no cruelty to animals, no damage to habitats and no harm et al., 2007; Silliman and Zieman, 2001; Wan et al., 2009). to endangered plants, therefore no review from the ethnic Therefore, as an invasive plant, S. alterniflora is thought to be hard committee was required in China. All the work was carried out to eradicate (Qin and Chung, 1992). This paper reports a successful under the Wildlife Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China. Fig. 1. Location of the Qi’ao Island. Spartina alterniflora distributes along the coast of China from Tianjin to Guangxi, marked in purple. Dark blue dots represent Sonneratia apetala’s distribution in the south part of China coast. Four pictures from up to down in the right show the S. alterniflora monoculture, artificial clearance of S. alterniflora, biocontrol of S. alterniflora by S. apetala, and eradication of S. alterniflora followed by S. apetala plantation. H. Chen et al. / Ecological Engineering 73 (2014) 367–372 369 Table 1 2.2. Experiment site and S. apetala Influence of shading on the growth of Spartina alterniflora. ’ The Qi ao Island in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province has a total Shade Light Height Quantity of 2 treatment transmittance (cm) tillerings area of 24 km , with vast mudflat along the coast. The Qi’ao Mangrove Wetland Natural Reserve is located in the northwest of No shade 100%a 42 Æ 0.5a 12 Æ 1a 0 0 0 0 One-layer 65.8%b 38 Æ 0.4a 10 Æ 1a the island (113 36 –113 39 E, 22 23 –22 27 N). The climate in the shade Qi’ao Island is sub-tropical maritime climate, with an average Two-layer 32.5%c 25 Æ 0.5b 4 Æ 1b annual temperature of 22.4 C. The lowest average temperature shade (15.3 C) appears in January, with the historically lowest tempera- Three-layer 15.2%d 0c 0c ture 2.5 C. The mean annual precipitation is 1964.4 mm. Its tide is shade irregular semidiurnal tide; the mean high water level is 0.17 m, and Different letters mean significant differences (P < 0.05) among the À the mean low water level 0.14 m. Southeast wind blows in shade treatments. summer while northeast wind blows in winter. The annual mean m salinity of the sea water is 18.2 . Its soil is coastal saline meadow Maximum Likelihood to perform the supervised classification. m – marsh soil, with salinity about 20.8 in the surface (0 13 cm). Training areas were selected using high-resolution SPOT 5 image. The 15 true mangrove species in this island belong to 10 families The result was in agreement with history records. and 13 genus, with S. apetala plantation the main mangrove now. S. apetala (Fig. 1) is naturally distributed and serves as a very 2.4. Shading experiments important restoration species in South Asia including India, Bangladesh and Myanmar (Mitra et al., 2012). It was originally To test the effect of mangrove shades on the growth of S. introduced in 1985 to the Dong Zhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve alterniflora, shading experiments were done in Research Institute of of China for mangrove restoration from Sundarban, southwestern Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, from Bangladesh (Liao et al., 2004). After 10-year restoration of April 15 to July 15, 2009. Shade nets were used to simulate shadiness mangroves, due to high adaptability and tolerance to salinity of mangroves. Three treatments (one layer, two layers and three (Chen et al., 2000), S. apetala occupied about 95% of the restored layers ofshade nets)andonecontrol(no shade)wereset up. Foreach mangroves (Liao et al., 2004). Currently covering 2300 ha, S. apetala treatment, we set up triplicates for each of the eight pots of S. is also listed as a leading restoration species in China (Ren et al., alterniflora incorporated. During the three-month experiment, we 2009).
Recommended publications
  • To View Fulltext
    A CONTRIBUTION TO THE EMBRYOLOGY OF SONNERATIACEAE. BY JILLELLA VENKATESWARLU. (From the Department of Botany, Benares Hi~,du U~iz,ersity, Benares.) Received April 14, 1937. (Communicated by iV[r. A. C. Joshi, M.sc.) SONNERATIACEm iS a small family of the Myrtifloreae. According to Engler and Prantl (1898, 1908), it includes four genera, Sonneratia, Duabanga, Xenodendron and Crypteronia, comprising about a dozen species. All these are found in the tropics, the monotypic genus Xenodendron being confin6d to New Guinea and the rest being mostly restricted to the Indo-Malayan region. Hutchinson (1926) in his recent system of classification has sepa- rated the genus Crypteronia into a separate family Crypteroniacem and the family Sonneratiaeem as defined by him includes only three genera. Bc:ntham a!~d I~ooker (1%2-67), on the other hand, include these genera in the family Lythracem, to which there is little doubt that these are very closely related. As the writer had been recently studying the embryology of the family Lythracem (Joshi and Venkateswarln, 1935 a, 1935 b, 1935 c, 1936), it was thought desirable to study the family Sonneratiacem also from the comparative point of view and to see how far its embryological features agree with those of the Lythracem. The previous work on this family is limited to an investigation on Sonneratia apetala Linn. by Karsten (1891). tIis observations, however, are very fragmentary and also partly erroneous as pointed out by me in preliminary notes (Venkateswarlu, 1936a, 1936b) relating to the plants described in the present paper. The present paper deals with the two chief genera of the family, namely, Duabanga and Sonneratia.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Blue Carbon
    COASTAL BLUE CARBON methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows Coordinators of the International Blue Carbon Initiative CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL Conservation International (CI) builds upon a strong foundation of science, partnership and field demonstration, CI empowers societies to responsibly and sustainably care for nature, our global biodiversity, for the long term well-being of people. For more information, visit www.conservation.org IOC-UNESCO UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) promotes international cooperation and coordinates programs in marine research, services, observation systems, hazard mitigation, and capacity development in order to understand and effectively manage the resources of the ocean and coastal areas. For more information, visit www.ioc.unesco.org IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance of its use, and deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and development. For more information, visit www.iucn.org FRONT COVER: © Keith A. EllenbOgen; bACK COVER: © Trond Larsen, CI COASTAL BLUE CARBON methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows EDITORS Jennifer howard – Conservation International Sarah hoyt – duke University Kirsten Isensee – Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO Emily Pidgeon – Conservation International Maciej Telszewski – Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences LEAD AUTHORS James Fourqurean – Florida International University beverly Johnson – bates College J. boone Kauffman – Oregon State University hilary Kennedy – University of bangor Catherine lovelock – University of Queensland J.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactivities of Sonneratia Caseolaris (Linn) Leaf and Stem Using Different Solvent Systems
    Research Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.31.005175 Bioactivities of Sonneratia Caseolaris (Linn) Leaf and Stem Using Different Solvent Systems Bishwajit Bokshi1*, Md Nazmul Hasan Zilani2, Hemayet Hossain3, Md Iqbal Ahmed1, Moham- mad Anisuzzman1, Nripendra Nath Biswas1 and Samir Kumar Sadhu1 1Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh 3BCSIR Laboratories & IFST, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: Bishwajit Bokshi, Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: November 05, 2020 This study was aimed to report the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial potentials Published: November 16, 2020 of different fractions of crude ethanol extract of leaf and stem of Sonneratia caseolaris Linn. The liquid-liquid fractionation was conducted among Ethyl Acetate, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride and was designated as EAFS, CFS, CTFS for stem and EAFL, CFL, Citation: Bishwajit Bokshi, Md Nazmul CTFL for leaf respectively. Antioxidant activity of individual fraction was then evaluated Hasan Zilani, Hemayet Hossain, Md Iqbal by DPPH free radical scavenging assay; whereas cytotoxic activity was investigated by Ahmed, Mohammad Anisuzzman, et al., Bi- brine shrimp lethality assay and antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method. In antioxidant assay, the EAFL was found to be more potent (IC 12.0±0.12µg/ml) whereas oactivities of Sonneratia Caseolaris (Linn) 50 in cytotoxicity test both the EAFS and CTFL demonstrated lowest LC (25.0±0.05 and Leaf and Stem Using Different Solvent Sys- 50 tems.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Mangrove - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mangroves are various types of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The remaining mangrove forest areas of the world in 2000 was 53,190 square miles (137,760 km²) spanning 118 countries and territories.[1][2] The word is used in at least three senses: (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal,[3] for which the terms mangrove forest biome, mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangrove swamp, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more A mangrove forest in Palawan, specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. The term Philippines "mangrove" comes to English from Spanish (perhaps by way of Portuguese), and is likely to originate from Guarani. It was earlier "mangrow" (from Portuguese mangue or Spanish mangle), but this word was corrupted via folk etymology influence of the word "grove". The mangrove biome, or mangal, is a distinct saline woodland or shrubland habitat characterized by depositional coastal environments, where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high-energy wave action. The saline conditions tolerated by various mangrove species range from brackish water, through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt(parts per thousand)), to water concentrated by Pneumatophores penetrate the sand evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 90 surrounding a mangrove tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Anatomy of Lythraceae Assigned to The
    Ada Bot. Neerl. 28 (2/3), May 1979, p.117-155. Wood anatomy of the Lythraceae P. Baas and R.C.V.J. Zweypfenning Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands SUMMARY The wood anatomy of 18 genera belonging to the Lythraceae is described. The diversity in wood structure of extant Lythraceae is hypothesized to be derived from a prototype with scanty para- I tracheal parenchyma, heterogeneous uniseriate and multiseriate rays, (septate)libriform fibres with minutely bordered pits, and vessels with simple perforations. These characters still prevail in a number of has been limited in of Lythraceae. Specialization very most Lythraceae shrubby or herbaceous habit: these have juvenilistic rays composed mainly of erect rays and sometimes com- pletely lack axial parenchyma. Ray specialization towards predominantly uniseriate homogeneous concomitant with fibre abundant and with rays, dimorphism leading to parenchyma differentiation, the advent of chambered crystalliferous fibres has been traced in the “series” Ginoria , Pehria, Lawsonia , Physocalymma and Lagerstroemia. The latter genus has the most specialized wood anatomy in the family and has species with abundant parenchyma aswell as species with alternating fibres. with its bands of dimorphous septate Pemphis represents an independent specialization vasicentric parenchyma and thick-walled nonseptate fibres. The affinities of with other are discussed. Pun Psiloxylon, Lythraceae Myrtales ica, Rhynchocalyx , Oliniaceae,Alzatea, Sonneratiaceae, Onagraceae and Melastomataceae all resemble Lythraceae in former accommodated in the without their wood anatomy. The three genera could even be family its wood anatomical Alzatea and Sonneratia differ in minor details extending range. Oliniaceae, only from order facilitate identification of wood tentative the Lythraceae. In to samples, keys to genera or groups ofgenera of Lythraceae as well as to some species of Lagerstroemiaare presented.
    [Show full text]
  • The 'Mangrove Reference Database and Herbarium'
    Plant Ecology and Evolution 143 (2): 225–232, 2010 doi:10.5091/plecevo.2010.439 SHORT COMMUNICATION The ‘Mangrove Reference Database and Herbarium’ Sergi Massó i Alemán1,2,8, Carine Bourgeois1, Ward Appeltans3, Bart Vanhoorne3, Nathalie De Hauwere3, Piet Stoffelen4, André Heughebaert5 & Farid Dahdouh-Guebas1,6,7,8,* 1Laboratory of Complexity and Dynamics of Tropical Systems, Department of Organism Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) - CP 169, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2GreB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, ES-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 3Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee/Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, BE-8400 Oostende, Belgium 4National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860 Meise, Belgium 5Belgian Biodiversity Platform, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) - CP 257, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium 6Biocomplexity Research Focus, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (V.U.B.), Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium 7BRLU Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 169, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium 8Equally contributing authors *Author for correspondence: [email protected] Background – In the light of loss of mangrove forests and related biodiversity world-wide the overall objective of the online ‘Mangrove Reference Database and Herbarium’ is to give a current and historic overview of the global, regional and particularly the local distribution of true mangrove species. Databasing and website construction – All data are based on records containing species location information of all mangrove species (approximately 75).
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi Associated with Leaves of Sonneratia Apetala Buch. Ham and Sonneratia Caseolaris (L.) Engler from Rangabali Coastal Zone of Bangladesh
    Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 155-162, 2018 (July) FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH LEAVES OF SONNERATIA APETALA BUCH. HAM AND SONNERATIA CASEOLARIS (L.) ENGLER FROM RANGABALI COASTAL ZONE OF BANGLADESH SHAMIM SHAMSI*, SAROWAR HOSEN AND ASHFAQUE AHMED Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Key words: Fungi, Sonneratia apetala, Sonneratia caseolaris, Coastal zone Abstract A total of six species and one genus of fungi associated with black leaf spot of Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham (Kewra); and anthracnose and small leaf spot of S. caseolaris (L.) Engler (Choila) were isolated following “Tissue planting” method. The fungi associated with black spot of S. apetala were Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Br. & Cav., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. and Phoma betae Frank. Anthracnose of S. caseolaris showed the association of A. fumigatus and P. guepinii. The fungi associated with leaf spot of S. caseolaris were Curvularia fallax Boedijn, Fusarium Link, Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. and P. betae. Frequency percentage of association of P. guepinii was highest (74.10) in black spot of S. apetala whereas the same fungus showed highest frequency percentage (85.70) in case of anthracnose of S. caseolaris. Phoma betae showed highest frequency percentage (60.00) in leaf spot of S. caseolaris. Phoma betae is first time recorded from Bangladesh. Introduction Sonneratia is a medium large size columnar tree belonging to the Sonneratiaceae family(1). Sonneratia apetala Buch. Ham (Kewra) and S. caseolaris (L.) Engler (Choila) are the most important species of Sonneratia. Sonneratia apetala is a mangrove plant and it grows as tree along seaward fringes and intertidal areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Sonneratiaceae and Its Relationship to Lythraceae Based on ITS Sequences of Nrdna
    _______________________________________________________________________________www.paper.edu.cn J. Plant Res. 113: 253-258, 2000 Journal of Plant Research 0 by The Botanical Society of JaDan 2000 Phylogenetic Analysis of the Sonneratiaceae and its Relationship to Lythraceae Based on ITS Sequences of nrDNA Suhua Shi’*, Yelin Huang’, Fengxiao Tan’, Xingjin He’ and David E. Boufford’ School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020,U.S. A. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using seven Asia. Species of Sonneratia are trees of mangrove swamps species in two genera of Sonneratiaceae, seven species in and seacoasts generally, and the inland genus Duabanga is five genera of the related Lythraceae and 2 outgroups an evergreen component of the rainforest belt (Backer et a/. based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1954). Approximate five to 11 species are recognized in the (ITS) and the 5.8s coding region of the nuclear ribosomal family worldwide, seven of which occur from south central to DNA to determine the proper systematic placement of the southeast China (Backer and Steenis 1951, Duck and Jackes Sonneratiaceae. Paraphyly of the traditional Lythraceae 1987, KO 1983). The mangrove genus Sonneratia occurs was shown with the genus Lagerstmemia nested within the mainly on Hainan Island in China and consists of five native Sonneratiaceae. The Sonneratiaceae occurred within the species, S. a/& Smith, S. caseolaris (L.) Engler, S, hainanensis Lythraceae with high bootstrap value support (96%). The W.C. KO, E.Y. Chen & W.Y. Chen, S. ovata Backer, S. par- two traditional genera constituting Sonneratiaceae were in acaseolaris W.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Wetlands for Biodiversity - Stefano Cannicci and Caterina Contini
    BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HABITAT MANAGEMENT – Vol. I – Management of Wetlands for Biodiversity - Stefano Cannicci and Caterina Contini MANAGEMENT OF WETLANDS FOR BIODIVERSITY Stefano Cannicci and Caterina Contini Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Keywords: ecosystem management, mangroves, organic pollution, overuse of groundwater, Ramsar convention, sustainable management, wetland biodiversity, wetland ecological functions, wetland productivity, wise-use concept Contents 1. A Brief History of Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Management of Wetlands 2. Wetlands: Definition and Classification 3. Ecological Functions of Wetlands 3.1. Mangroves: An Example of a Multifunctional Wetland 4. Productivity and Biodiversity of Wetlands 4.1. Productivity 4.2. Reservoirs of Biodiversity 4.2.1. An Integrated Biodiversity Reservoir: The Arabuko-Sokoke–Mida Creek Wetlands System in Kenya 4.3. Economic Value of Wetland Biodiversity 5. Management of Wetlands 5.1. Threats to Wetland Biodiversity 5.1.1. Organic Pollution from Fertilizers: Norfolk and Suffolk Broads, United Kingdom 5.1.2. Interruption of Water Flow: Djoudj National Bird Park, Senegal 5.1.3. Overuse of Groundwater: Azraq Oasis, Jordan 5.1.4. Traditional Wise Use: the Sundarbans, Bangladesh/India 5.2. Future Management Strategies Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary UNESCO – EOLSS Wetlands have been the cradle of human culture, but their ecological functions are still of extreme importance, as testified by the adoption of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
    [Show full text]
  • Shirley A. Graham
    SHIRLEY A. GRAHAM, CURATOR MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 4344 Shaw Boulevard SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166-0299 (314) 577-9473 x 76206 email: [email protected] June, 2019 FIELD OF STUDY Systematics and evolution of the flowering plants, specializing in the plant family Lythraceae, the Loosestrifes, the species, their evolutionary and biogeographical history. Currently I am focused on two projects: producing a modern monograph of the ca. 250 species of the tropical American genus Cuphea, incorporating data from morphology, molecular phylogenies, palynology, chromsomes, and seed oil chemistry; and with two colleagues, to complete a family phylogeny and sufficient markers to expose the most basal evolutionary branches and representative of all genera. EDUCATION 1957 - B.S., Michigan State University, Biology 1960 - M.A., University of Michigan, Biology 1963 - Ph.D., University of Michigan, Botany 1964 - Post-Doctoral, Harvard University, Botany ACADEMIC AWARDS AND GRANTS 1958 - Fulbright Scholarship, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 1959 - Horace H. Rackham Graduate Fellow, University of Michigan 1961 - University Scholar and National Science Foundation Summer Fellowship 1962 - University Fellow 1979 - Henkel Corporation Research Travel Grant, $5000 1981 - Procter & Gamble Research and Travel Grant, $7000 1984-1987 - National Science Foundation BSR 8314366 - Research Award, $124,968 1988-1991 - National Science Foundation BSR 8806523 - Research Award, $99,305 1991-1993 - National Science Foundation DEB 9210543 - Career Advancement Award, $44,000 1995-1999 - National Science Foundation DEB 9509524 - Research Award, $160,000 1996-1997 - NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Supplemental Award, $5000 1997-1998 - NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Supplemental Award, $5000 1998 - Finalist, Distinguished Scholar Award, Kent State University 1998 - Elected Fellow, Ohio Academy of Sciences 1999 - Board of Directors, Ohio Plant Biotechnological Consortium, 2000-2001 - Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium, 1 year competitive research award, jointly to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • China: a Rich Flora Needed of Urgent Conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC
    Orsis 19, 2004 49-89 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE China: a rich flora needed of urgent conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC López-Pujol, Jordi GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected]) Zhao, A-Man Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, The People’s Republic of China. Manuscript received in april 2004 Abstract China is one of the richest countries in plant biodiversity in the world. Besides to a rich flora, which contains about 33 000 vascular plants (being 30 000 of these angiosperms, 250 gymnosperms, and 2 600 pteridophytes), there is a extraordinary ecosystem diversity. In addition, China also contains a large pool of both wild and cultivated germplasm; one of the eight original centers of crop plants in the world was located there. China is also con- sidered one of the main centers of origin and diversification for seed plants on Earth, and it is specially profuse in phylogenetically primitive taxa and/or paleoendemics due to the glaciation refuge role played by this area in the Quaternary. The collision of Indian sub- continent enriched significantly the Chinese flora and produced the formation of many neoen- demisms. However, the distribution of the flora is uneven, and some local floristic hotspots can be found across China, such as Yunnan, Sichuan and Taiwan. Unfortunately, threats to this biodiversity are huge and have increased substantially in the last 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Diversity in the Hyper-Diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea Lawong Balun [email protected]
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2011 Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea Lawong Balun [email protected] Recommended Citation Balun, Lawong, "Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1166 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Lawong Balun entitled "Functional Diversity in the Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Taylor Feild, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Edward Shilling, Joe Williams, Stan Wulschleger Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Functional Diversity in Hyper-diverse Mangrove Communities
    [Show full text]