id6718531 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ISSN : 0974 - 7532 Volume 9 Issue 11 Research & Reviews in BBiiooSScciieenncceess Review RRBS, 9(11), 2014 [389-394] A review on phytochemical profile of Pseudarthriaviscida (Salaparni): A valued medicinal plant Shivani Prajapati, Miral Patel* C G Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, 394350, (INDIA) E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The development of rapid and accurate methods of screening the plants Pseudarthriaviscida; for particular chemicals has immensely speeded up the phytochemical Phytochemical screening; Investigation. Plants have potent phytochemicals with medicinal impor- Ethnomedicinal properties. tance since time immortal. India is a rich bio resource of well-known medicinal plants practiced traditionally for use of herbal Medicine. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are in use in traditional, folk and herbal, medicine representing about 75% of the medicinal needs of the third world Countries. One such medicinal herb used in Indian Ayurvedic systems of medicine is Pseudarthriaviscida (Salaparni). A review of phytochemical profile of Pseudarthriaviscida has been pre- sented considering its ethno-medicinal Importance. 2014 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION will help the industry to produce herbal drug with less side effect, less costly affordable and more ef- Plant and plant products are being used as a fective in the treatment of inflammation. Finally the source of medicine since Long. India has about phytochemical screening or elucidation of the 45,000 plant species and among them many have been bioactive compounds from the plant would be ef- claimed to possess medicinal properties. The need fective drug against inflammation[12]. for scientific validation of these useful medicinal According to WHO, approximately 80 % of the plants is very essential. The importance of ethno- population in developing countries depends on tra- pharmacological investigation in the discovery of ditional medicine, mostly plant drugs for their pri- new therapeutic agents from plants has been dis- mary health care Needs. The all India ethno-bio- cussed extensively[1]. The herbal medicines are get- logical survey (AIES) carried out by the ministry of ting more importance in the treatment of inflamma- environment and forests revealed that 7,500 plant tion because of the toxic effect of the current therapy species belonging to 386 families are used by 4,635 used to treat those inflammation using synthetic drugs. ethnic communities for health care across the coun- Herbal medicines are less toxic and less costly when try[2]. compared to the synthetic drugs. The present study It is important mentioning that the combinations 390 A review on phytochemical profile. of Pseudarthriaviscida (Salaparni) RRBS, 9(11) 2014 Review of diversity of secondary metabolites are respon- TABLE 1 : Vernacular names of Psuedarthriavis cida sible for importing a medicinal action potential of a Regions/ Names particular Plant[24]. Language Prsniparni, Chitraparni,Salaparni, Researchers all over the world are crazy inves- Sanskrit Sanaparni tigating pharmacological studies on herbs/medici- English Viscid pseudarthria nally important Plants. It has becomevery impera- Pidhavan, Deerkhamoola, Ekamoola, Hindi tive to conserve the genotypes of few such medici- Chapakno nal herbs, because they are on vergeof extinction Tamil Nirmalli because of ruthless collection and harvesting of me- Telugu Nayakuponna, Muyyakuponna dicinal plants for production of Medium[25]. Malayalam Mooliva [26] PSUEDARTHRIAVISCIDA : A VALUED into around 650 genera . Out of which about 163 MEDICINAL PLANT genera and 1,252 species that are used as sources of medicinal Plants. Amongst the sources of oriental Psuedarthriaviscida is the preferred source of herbal medicines, Leguminoceae is fourth largest ‘Salaparni’ in the Ayurveda system of the raw drug, family in terms of number of medicinal genera and ‘Mooliva’ in Medicine. The plant is known as species that are used following Graminaeae, ‘Dasamoola’ of [27, 28] Malayalam and is one among the Compositae and Orchidaceae . Ayurveda[9]. Pseudarthriaviscida belongs to the fam- Genus: Psuedarthria[20] is a genus of flowering plants in [21] Pseudarthria ily Fabaceae orLeguminoceae . It is commonly legume family; Fabaceae. It belongs to the ‘Salaparni’ and is sweet and bitter in taste, the called as Faboideae, and contains some 6 species: subfamily sweet in the post digestive effect and has hot Po- (A. Pseudarthriaconfertiflora Rich.) Baker, tency. It alleviates all the three Doshas. It possesses Hiern, heavy and oily attributeswhose roots are commonly Pseudarthriacrenata Pseudarthriafagifolia used by the tribes of Madhya Pradesh for wide pur- Baker, Pseudarthriahookeri Wight & Arn., Baker, pose[6]. Pseudarthriaviscida had been widely used Pseudarthriamacrophylla Pseudarthriaviscida for its reported biological activities in indigenous (L.) Wight & Arn. system of Medicine. It has antipyretic, aphrodisiac Synonyms:Hedysarumviscidum[19]. and rejuvenates properties and is used in the dis- Geographical distribution eases like fever, bronchial asthma, hemorrhoids, edema, diabetes mellitus, diarrhea and Tuberculo- Pseudarthriaviscida (Linn.) belonging to the sis[18]. family of Fabaceae. It is distributed in all over In- dia[8]. It is distributed throughout south India, up Taxonomical classification of to900m in the hills and also in Gujarat[19]. [22] Psuedarthriaviscida: . World distribution:Sri Lanka and peninsular In- [9] Kingdom Plantae dia, especially throughout in the state of Kerala . Phylum Tracheophyta Botanical description Class Magnoliopsida Order Fabales The plant is perennial, diffuse, prostrate,stems Family Fabaceae 60-120 cm long, slender, more or less clothed with Genus Psuedarthria [19] Species Psuedarthriaviscida soft whitish Hairs . Annual or perennial diffuse subshrubs, branches slender, stem and branches with [23] Vernacular names of Psuedarthriaviscida: . greyish-white Hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets 7- Parts used:Whole plant, Roots. 10 x 5-7 cm, broadly ovate, apex acute, base Family: Leguminoceae rounded,densely hairy; stipulates; petiole to 7 cm The Leguminoceae is one of the largest families long; stipule Lancelets. Flowers small, in terminal of flowering plants with 18,000 species classified or axillary racemes or panicles; calyx 2-lipped, 2 RRBS, 9(11) 2014 Shivani Prajapati and Miral Patel 391 Review Pseudarthriaviscidain natural habitat. Flowering Twig of Pseudarthriaviscida. Roots of Pseudarthriaviscida. mm long, lobes lancelet; petals red or pink, stan- were evaluated for anti-diabetic activity against dard 6 mm dim, orbicular, retuse; wings 3 mm long, alloxaninduced diabetes in albino Rats[19]. oblong; keel glabrous; stamens 9 + 1; ovary sessile, Pseudarthriaviscida(L.) wightand arn (Fabaceae) many ovule; style inflexed. Pods -3 x 0.4-5 cm, ob- is a Shrub. The Roots are astringent, emollient, ther- long, compressed, viscid hairy; seeds 3-5, mogenic, digestive, constitutive, anthelmintic,anti- [9] subreniform, brownish-black . TABLE 2 : List of several compounds identified in Habitat: Moist deciduous forests, scrub jungles, Pseudarthriaviscida forest plantations and Plains. Sr. No. Compound Flowering & Fruiting: October-February. 1 3-O-Methyld- glucose Average dry weight (per 100gms): Small/Young 2 Butane -1,1- diethoxy-3-butanone (root from 15-25 plants), Medium (root from 8-20 3 d-Mannitol-1- decylsulfonyl plants), Mature/Large (root from 5-10 plants)[9]. 4 n- Hexadecanoic acid 5 Oleic acid ETHNO-MEDICINAL USES 6 Oxirane tetra decyl 7 Tetradecanoic acid Psuedarthriaviscida has been widely used for 8 Undecanoic acid its reported biological activities in indigenous sys- 9 Rutin tem of medicine[18]. Traditionally plant is use in cases 10 Quercetin of biliousness, rheumatism, excessive heat, intesti- 11 Gallic acid nal poison, fever, diarrhea, asthma, heart diseases, worms and Piles. Roots of Pseudarthriaviscida 12 Ferrulic acid 13 Caffeic acid 392 A review on phytochemical profile. of Pseudarthriaviscida (Salaparni) RRBS, 9(11) 2014 Review RRBS, 9(11) 2014 Shivani Prajapati and Miral Patel 393 Review inflammatory,aphrodisiac, cardio tonic, febrifuge phytoalexin, desmocarpin, isolated together with and also used as a Rejuvenating tonic. The extracts genistein, 2-hydroxygenistein, dalbergioiden, of leaf, root, stem and callus obtained diphysolone and kievitone from fungus inoculated fromPsuedarthriaviscida showed significant inhibi- leaflets, its structure Determined[18]. Gallic acid, tory activity against some fungal pathogens causing caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin and ferulic acid are major diseases in crop plants and stored food phenolic Compounds. Structurally they have phenol Grain[4]. It is proved also to be antioxidant and Anti- groups which serve as a source of readily available hypertensive[3]. Although some scientific investiga- hydrogen atoms such that the subsequent radicals tions have been undertaken to validate the local uses produced can be delocalized over the phenol Struc- of this plant, there seems to be no report on the anal- ture[13]. The interest of these compounds is due to gesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the roots their pharmacological activity as radical scavengers. of the Plant. The traditional uses They have proved to