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Surgeries Performed in Rodents in North America

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Surgeries Performed in Rodents in North America RESEARCH MODELS Surgical Services - North America At Charles River we offer a variety of surgical services on five species (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, and gerbil) at four different AAALAC-accredited production facilities in the United States and multiple international sites. Our surgical services are conducted by highly skilled surgeons with vast experience in veterinary medicine and animal science and range from simple procedures (e.g., soft tissue/organ extractions) to highly complex catheterizations and cannulations. We now offer more than 80 surgical procedures, all of which meet exacting scientific and regulatory standards. We continue to expand our capabilities, reflecting our ongoing commitment to providing the surgically altered animal models that meet your research needs. State-of-the-Art Facilities North American Surgical Locations Charles River currently offers full surgical capabilities in several • Hollister, California AAALAC-accredited facilities in North America. The surgical suites • Kingston, New York at each site are composed of HEPA-filtered, positive-pressure • Raleigh, North Carolina barrier rooms with a series of entry locks. Each suite features • Wilmington, Massachusetts individual functional areas used for surgical manipulations, animal husbandry support, preoperative holding, postoperative recovery, Capabilities supply preparation, and clerical activities. • Vascular catheterizations • Non-vascular catheterizations Biosecurity • Cardiovascular procedures To ensure strict adherence to biosecurity policies, animals are • Neurological procedures not transferred between barrier production facilities, nor are non- Charles River animals used. Additional biosecurity measures • Soft tissue procedures include barrier-type surgical suites, the use of dedicated laminar • Device implants flow workstations by each surgeon, and housing of animals in filter- • Customized procedures top caging systems during the animals’ stay in surgery. • Biospecimens Animal Welfare Charles River’s animal care and use program is accredited by AAALAC International. The entire surgical process (i.e., personnel training, animal anesthesia, analgesia, aseptic preparation, surgery, and postoperative care and holding prior to shipment) is reviewed and approved by our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). EVERY STEP OF THE WAY www.criver.com Vascular Catheterizations Species Procedure Common Applications Description/Comments A catheter is inserted into the common carotid Rat, Mouse, Carotid Artery Blood sampling or compound dosing; artery. The catheter tip terminates at the aortic Guinea Pig Catheterization – Common available in extended length catheters arch. A catheter is inserted into the common carotid Carotid Artery artery with the catheter tip directed towards the Dosing compounds directly to the Rat, Mouse Catheterization – Cranial brain. The common carotid is not ligated and brain Dosing Model retains blood flow to carry compounds to the brain. Femoral Artery Blood sampling or compound dosing; Rat A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. Catheterization available in extended length catheters Dosing compounds or blood Femoral Vein Rat sampling; available in extended length A catheter is inserted into the femoral vein. Catheterization catheters A catheter is inserted into the hepatic artery. Hepatic Artery Rat Direct infusion into the liver Animal’s body weight is 320 g or greater. Catheterization Rent-A-Surgeon only. Rat, Mouse, A catheter is inserted into the right jugular vein. Jugular Vein Blood sampling or compound dosing; Guinea Pig, The catheter tip terminates 2-3 mm in the right Catheterization available in extended length catheters Hamster, Gerbil atria. Both jugular veins are catheterized. The external Blood sampling from the right jugular jugular vein is used to catheterize both sides, Jugular Vein Rat, Guinea Pig vein and compound dosing through with the right side terminating 2-3 mm in the Catheterization – Double the left jugular vein right atria and the left side terminating in the superior vena cava. Portal Vein Catheterization Intestinal drug absorption, portal vein A specially designed catheter with a T-tip is Rat T-Tubing sampling, or infusion inserted directly into the portal vein. Intestinal drug absorption, Portal Vein Catheterization A catheter is inserted into the portal vein via the Rat recommended for portal vein via Mesenteric Vein mesenteric vein. sampling or infusion The vena cava is catheterized via the femoral Vena Cava – Femoral Vein Dosing to or sampling from the vena Rat vein. Best used for the generalized placement of Approach cava the catheter tip. Vena Cava – Jugular Vein Dosing to or sampling from the vena The vena cava is catheterized via the jugular Rat Approach cava vein. Non-Vascular Catheterizations Continuous loop system: one end of catheter placed in the bile duct, the other in the duodenum. The catheter is looped over Routine sampling of bile for Rat, Mouse Bile Duct Catheterization the animal’s back subcutaneously, with pharmacokinetic studies catheter access in the scapular area where an approximately 16 +/-3 mm section is exteriorized. Catheter is inserted into the colon. For infusion Rat, Mouse Colon Catheterization Dosing compounds into colon only. Catheter is inserted into the cecum. For infusion Rat, Mouse Cecum Catheterization Dosing compounds into cecum only. Surgical Services - North America Non-Vascular Catheterizations, continued Species Procedure Common Applications Description/Comments Catheter is inserted into the duodenum. Rat, Mouse Duodenal Catheterization Dosing compounds into duodenum For infusion only. Catheter is inserted into the ileum. For infusion Rat Ileum Catheterization Dosing compounds into ileum only. A catheter is implanted and secured to the Rat, Mouse, Intraperitoneal Infusion into the peritoneal cavity abdominal wall allowing access to the peritoneal Guinea Pig Catheterization cavity for the infusion of compounds. A catheter is implanted and secured, allowing Rat, Mouse, Subcutaneous Infusion into the spaces beneath the access to the subcutaneous space for the Guinea Pig Catheterization skin infusion of compounds. A catheter is inserted into the subarachnoid Intrathecal Catheterization- Direct infusion into subdural space of space of the spine at the L3-L5 region. The Rat Lumbar Approach the spine catheter is exteriorized from the scapular region. For infusion only. A catheter is inserted into the jejunum. Rat, Mouse Jejunum Catheterization Dosing of compounds into jejunum For infusion only. A catheter is implanted in the mesenteric lymph Mesenteric Lymph Duct Immunological studies, lymph fluid duct. For optimum patency, it is best to use Rat Catheterization sampling/collection these animals the day after surgery. Rent-A-Surgeon only. Catheter is inserted into the stomach. Rat, Mouse Stomach Catheterization Routine compound infusion For infusion only. Study the effects of micturition on Urinary Bladder A catheter is implanted in the urinary bladder Rat, Mouse a normal or unstable bladder using Catheterization wall to allow for dosing compounds. cystometry Soft Tissue Procedures Studies of sympathetic or The cortex of each adrenal gland is cut and the Rat, Mouse Adrenal Demedullation parasympathetic nervous system, medulla removed. epinephrine, or norepinephrine Adrenal glands are removed bilaterally. Retired Studies of steroidal hormone animals are not recommended. Saline (0.9%) Rat, Mouse Adrenalectomy metabolism and obesity supplementation of water is required after surgery. Studies of hepatic fibrosis, Rat, Mouse Bile Duct Ligation cholestasis, and drug metabolism The bile duct is ligated. with compromised liver function Behavior studies, prostatic Rat, Mouse Castration Testes are removed. hyperplasia, and cancer The pituitary gland is removed using parapharyngeal methods (through the neck). Rat Hypophysectomy Endocrinology studies 5% glucose, sucrose, or sugar supplementation in water is required after surgery. Animals require warm environments. Hormonal and reproductive The entire uterus is removed, leaving the ovaries Rat, Mouse Hysterectomy physiology studies intact. [email protected] • www.criver.com Soft Tissue Procedures, continued Species Procedure Common Applications Description/Comments Studies of hypertension or renal Rat, Mouse Nephrectomy The left kidney is removed. impairment This is a two-part surgery, with 5-7 days between surgeries. The first surgery removes Hypertension, renal failure, and drug 2/3 of one kidney. The second surgery removes Rat, Mouse Nephrectomy – 5/6 metabolism with compromised renal the entire other kidney. Upon request, a 5/6 function nephrectomy can be done in a single surgery. A renal artery ablation model is also available upon request. Behavioral studies involving an Rat Olfactory Bulbectomy impaired sense of smell, depression The olfactory bulb is removed. studies Rat, Mouse, Osteoporosis, bone metabolism, Guinea Pig, Ovariectomy Both ovaries are removed. and calcium absorption Hamster, Gerbil Ovariectomy & Osteoporosis, bone metabolism, Rat, Mouse Both ovaries and the uterus are removed. Hysterectomy and calcium absorption Only the parathyroid glands are removed, leaving the thyroid glands intact. 1% calcium Study of calcium and phosphorus Rat Parathyroidectomy (calcium chloride, calcium lactate, calcium deficiencies and metabolism gluconate) supplementation is required after surgery. Circadian rhythms, melatonin function, Rat Pinealectomy The pineal gland is removed.
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