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Merangkak Di Bawah Bendera Merah Sejarah Perkembangan Partai Komunis Indonesia Tahun 1948 Sampai Tahun 1955

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Merangkak Di Bawah Bendera Merah Sejarah Perkembangan Partai Komunis Indonesia Tahun 1948 Sampai Tahun 1955 MERANGKAK DI BAWAH BENDERA MERAH SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PARTAI KOMUNIS INDONESIA TAHUN 1948 SAMPAI TAHUN 1955 SKRIPSI Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sastra Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Disusun Oleh Nama : Ajeng Dewanthi NIM : 014314001 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH JURUSAN SEJARAH FAKULTAS SASTRA UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2007 i ii iii Ithaca When you set out on your journey to Ithaca Pray that road is long, Full of adventure, full of knowledge The lestrygonians and the Cyclops The angry Posedion-do not fear them You will never find such as these on your path If your thoughts remain lofty, if a fine emotion touches your spirit and your body The Lestrygonians and the Cyclops The fierce Posedion you will never encounter if you do not carry them within your soul if your heart does not set them up before you Pray that road is long That the summer mornings are many, when, with pleasure, with such joy You will enter ports seen for the first time; Stop at Phoenician markets And purchase fine merchandise, Mother-of pearls and coral, ember and ebony, and sensual perfumes of all kinds, As many sensual perfumes as you can; Visit many Egyptian cities, to learn and learn from scholars. Always keep Ithaca in your mind. To arrive there is your ultimate goal. But do not hurry the voyage at all. It is better to let it last for many years; And to anchor at the island when you are old Rich with all you have gained on the way, Not expecting that Ithaca will offer you riches Ithaca has given you beautiful voyage Without her you never have set out on the road She has nothing more to give you And if you find her poor, Ithaca has not deceives you Wise you have become, with so much experience You must already have understood what Ithaca means Constantine Cavafy (1863-1933) Diterjemahkan oleh Rae Dalven Take from: The Zahir by Paoulo Coelho iv Persembahan My Lord “Allah” yang telah memberiku hidup, “Misteri” yang menciptakan dunia. Gunung batu tempat aku bersandar. Yesus yang telah memberi kekuatan dan begitu banyak inspirasi dalam hidup You are the best!!! Papa, Mama, Dimas, Angga, Kastrin Tidak ada kata lain selain “Maaf atas segala keterlambatan ini”. I love you Pa, Ma, Dim’s, NG’a, A’tin. Rm. FX. Baskara T Wardaya Saya belajar banyak walau kadang saya tidak mengerti, saya berusaha keras bangkit walau kadang saya jatuh. Saya mencari diri saya walau kadang tidak segera menemukan. Tapi saya yakin suatu hari saya akan mencapai tujuan dari hidup itu sendiri. Terima kasih. Izarius Hiroki Ostheim But I being a poor, I’ve only have my dream I spread my dream under your feet. Turn it softly. Because you stride up my dream Sutarmi dan Riska Terimakasih telah menjadi “gila” bersamaku dan menjadi orang yang paling mengerti aku selama enam tahun ini. Aku merindukan percakapan kita tentang dunia yang freak ini. I love you. Nana Hidup itu abu abu-abu karena tidak ada yang hitam dan yang putih Kesepian, kemarahan, perjuangan dan kebanggaan Terima kasih karena telah bersama saya dan menemani saya With Love, Anthi v vi Abstrak Skripsi ini berjudul “Merangkak Di Bawah Bendara Merah. Perkembangan Partai Komunis Indonesia tahun 1948 Sampai Tahun 1955”, bertujuan untuk menjawab tiga pokok permasalahan yang menjadi perhatian penulis, yaitu: 1). Bagaimankah PKI dapat terlibat dalam peristiwa Madiun tahun 1948 ?. 2). Bagaimanakah strategi PKI membangun kembali partainya setelah kehancurannya dalam peristiwa Madiun 1948 antara tahun 1950 sampai tahun 1955. 3). Bagaimanakah hubungan PKI dengan organisasi-oragnisasi di luar partai antara tahun 1950 sampai tahun 1955. Kehancuran Partai Komunis Indonesia pada tahun 1948 dan kemunculannya kembali pada tahun 1950 merupakan bagian dari dinamika politik Indonesia setelah Proklamasi 1945. Proses kehancuran dan perkembangan PKI dipengaruhi dua faktor utama yaitu faktor eksteren dan faktor interen partai. Faktor eksteren adalah kondisi politik yang berlaku pada saat itu.Sedangkan faktor interen lebih menitik beratkan pada peran tokoh yang membawa partai itu pada kemunduran partai. Hal ini dapat tercermin dalam dua tipe kepemimpinan Musso pada tahun 1948 dan tipe kepemimpinan Dipa Nusantara Aidit pada tahun 1951. Penulisan skripsi ini bersifat diskriptif analitis. Data yang diperoleh dalam penyusunan skripsi ini ialah melalui studi pustaka (Library research). Metode penelitaiannya adalah menggunakan metode sejarah. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode penulisan sejarah yaitu mencakup heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan historis, politik dan sosial. vii ABSTRACT The undergraduate thesis titled “Creeping Under the Red Flag of Indonesian Communist Party Development from 1948 to 1955”, was aimed to answer three major problems as follows. 1) How could PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) be involved in Madiun affair in 1948? 2) What were the strategies PKI uses to rebuild its party after destruction in 1948 Madiun event from 1950 to 1955? 3) How was the relationship between PKI with other organizations out side the party from 1950 to 1950? The destruction of Indonesian Communist Party in 1948 and its resurgence in 1950 were parts of Indonesian political dynamics after 1945 Proclamation. The destruction and development processes of PKI were influence by two factors; they are internal and external factors of the party. The internal factors more emphasized on the roles of figures brought about the declining party. External factor was political climate at the time. It could be seen on two leadership styles of Musso in 1948 and Dipa Nusantara Aidit in 1951. This undergraduate thesis was written in descriptive-analytical way. The data obtained in through library research. The research method use historical one. I writing this thesis, the writer use historical method that include heuristic, resource critique, interpretation and historiography. While the approaches use here were historical, political and social. viii KATA PENGANTAR Puji Syukur saya panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Kasih, Misteri yang telah membuat kehidupan sedemikian indah dan hidup. Ia yang telah memberikan kekuatan untuk berjuang di tengah kebosanan dan keputusasaan saya dalam hidup sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dalam doa yang tidak kunjung putus. Skripsi ini tidak akan pernah saya selesaikan jika tidak ada tangan-tangan yang membimbing saya baik itu secara moril dan spiritual. Jika tidak ada mereka yang mendukung saya entah itu dengan teguran, sapaan, informasi, bimbingan, mengarahkan saya, kritikan yang membangun hidup saya. Dengan segala kerendahan hati saya mengucapkan rasa terimaksih kepada: 1. Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M. Pd. M. A. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Sastra Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. 2. Drs. Hery Santosa M. Hum, selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Universitas Sanata Dharma dan yang juga merangkap dosen pembimbing saya selama 6 tahun ini. Terima kasih telah begitu baik mendengarkan keluh kesah saya dan juga telah begitu bersahabat dengan saya selama ini di ruang kerja yang begitu sempit. 3. DR. Fx. Baskara T. Wardaya SJ selaku dosen pembimbing. Maaf atas semua kemalasan dan seluruh perbuatan saya yang selama ini kurang berkenan di hati Romo. Saya juga berterima kasih atas seluruh nasehat dan percakapan ix Romo yang telah memberikan saya begitu banyak inspirasi dalam hidup saya. Maafkan atas kebandelan saya selama ini. 4. Dosen-dosen Ilmu Sejarah yang telah membagikan pengetahuaan dan pengalamannya kepada penulis dan selalu terbuka dengan kedatangan penulis di masa kuliah: Pak Rio, Om Sandy, Bu Ning, Pak Nardi, Pak Anton, Pak Djoko (Dosen Bahasa Inggris), Pak Manu (Dosen Bahasa Belanda) dan dosen-dosen yang tidak dapat saya sebutkan satu per satu. 5. Kedua orang tuaku, Bpk Yohanes Babtista Bambang Priyadi dan Isidora Kwadriyantini yang telah mendampingi dengan kesabaran penulis selama masa pembuatan skripsi dan yang telah dengan sabar menghadapi sifat keras kepala penulis dalam segala hal. Terima kasih juga untuk ketiga adikku tercinta Dimas, Angga, Kastrin yang telah memberikan begitu besar inspirasi untuk menjadi kuat. “Maaf atas keterlambatan ini” 6. Kedua teman seperjuanganku yang telah mengerti kegilaanku pikiranku lebih dari siapapun selama masa kuliah ini: Sutarmi dan Riska. Terima kasih atas teguran-teguran dan sapaan disaat saya lelah dalam proses penulisan skripsi. Ajakan-ajakan diskusi dan obrolan ringan disaat saya mengalami kemacetan pikiran. Canda tawa serta makian yang membuat hari saya lebih baik saat saya disaat saya letih. Kalian yang terbaik. I love you 7. Teman-teman kelas 2001 dan seluruh kawan kawan di fakultas Sastra Ilmu Sejarah. Krisna kecil dan besar, Tato, Edi, Lazarus, Erna, Lina, Adit, Eka, x Sumaryanto, Edi-Tolo (2001). Upik, Mbak Yus, Nana, Darwin, Nana , Max’s, Eko, Yosie, Elang, Agus, Keke, Veni, 8. Teman-teman IKAHIMSI dari Sabang sampai Meroke; Eva Kartini, Rico, Iqbal (USU), Safrinal Ocson, Ivan, Irham, Idal (UNAND), Mas Erwin (UI), Anjas (UNDIP), Husni (UGM), Kartum (UI), Iin (UNM), Sammy(UN Patimura). Bertemu kalian adalah salah satu pengalaman paling berharga dalam hidup saya. I hope we will meet in the prefect day to discuss about history again 9. Khairul, Terimakasih telah membuat saya semakin mencintai sejarah melalui e-mail dan seluruh percakapan kita selama tiga tahun. Terima kasih atas dorongannya untuk menulis topik ini tiga tahun yang lalu. Maaf atas segala keterlambatan ini. 10. Untuk seluruh kawan-kawan yang telah membuat saya berproses, yang mengajari saya banyak hal tentang makna hidup, persahabatan, cinta, pengorbanan dan perjuangan. Mereka yang telah mewarnai hari saya sampai saat ini: Andri, Henny, Surex, Tommy Kalbuadi, Juliagi Kandati, Agnes and her daughter Sunar, I love you. Dewo (terima kasih kita tetap menjadi teman baik setelah badai-I love you), Thopan, Deni, Bayu, Berney, Charlie (the Moonophone child) “guy’s terimakasih atas pelajarannya mengenai bagaimana menghargai musik dan seni. Untuk Cimot, Mas Jo, mbak Angga, mbak Melon, The Ambon, Dian (Perak community), mbak Ika, DJ Tobi Koyama, Alex’s, Arif, Lukman, Amox’s alias Mahmud, Maher. kawan-kawan xi di “Bintang” Sosrowijayan, kawan-kawan warnet “Huwa-Huwa” Babarsari sepecial thanks to Iis.
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