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Azanus Ubaldus (CRAMER 1782) Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, Frankfurt, N.F. 13 (2.): 187-190 - Septcmber 1992 187 ISSN 0723-9912 Eine neue Bliiulingsart für die Kanarischen Inseln: Azanus ubaldus (CRAMER1782) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) von Klaus G. SCHURIANund Andreas HORNEMANN Zurammenfarrung: AnlaBlich einer Exkursion des Zweitautors auf die Kanaren wurde im Süden der Insel Gran Canaria, bei Maspalomas, ein Blauling gefan en, der sich bei der genaueren Bestimmung als &anus ubaldus ~CRAMJ%1782) erwies, eine Art, die bisher nicht von dem Archipel bekannt war. A new lycaeni Canary Irlanda: Azunus ubnldu8 (CRAYER 1782) Lycaenidae) Abrtract: During a visit by the junior author to the island of Gran Canaria, a lycaenid was collected in the South of the island which could not be identified immediately. After exclusion of similar taxa like Leptotes pirithous (L-US 1767), Lampides boeticus (LINNAEUS1767) and Azanus jesous (GuGRIN-~VIÉNEULE 1849) we eventually determined the species as AZURUSubaldus (CRAMER1782). which is a new record for the Canary Islands. Einl eit ung Die Kanaren konnen als entomologisch gut durchforschtes Gebiet an- gesehen werden. Trotzdem sind in den letzten Jahren einige neue Er- kenntnisse, vor allem was die Biologie einzelner Spezies (BACALLADO ARANECA1976). die Okologie und Verbreitung einer Reihe von Arten (FINKER 1968, SCHURIAN 1976, WIEMERS1991) oder die Entdeckung neuer Taxa anbelangt (HIGGINs 1967, REHNELT 1974), gewonnen wor- den. Dies hangt nicht zuletzt damit zusammen, daB die Kanarischen Inseln als Urlaubsziel immer beliebter und vor allem im Frühjahr und Herbst haufig besucht werden. Anfang dieses Jahres hatte einer von uns (HORNE.MANN)Gelegenheit. auf der Insel Gran Canaria Falterbeobachtungen durchzuführen (HOR- NEMA" 1992), bei denen ein kleiner Blauling (Abb. 1) gefangen wurde, der auf den ersten Blick keiner uns bekannten Art zugeordnet werden Eingan6: 14. v. 1992 188 konnte und der bisher von den Kanarischen Inseln offenbar nicht ge- meldet war (in diesem Sinne auch eine Mitteilung von M. WIEMERS an SCHURIAN). Bei der genaueren Untersuchung wurden die Tiere mit kleinen Exemplaren von Lampides boeticus (LI~WAEUS1767) - denen sie auf den ersten Blick recht ahnlich sehen (Abb. 3) -, Azanus je- sous (GUERIN-MfiNEVILLE 1849) (Abb. 2) sowie Taxa aus der Tarucus- und der Anfhene-Gruppe verglichen. Dabei war schlieBlich ausschiaggebend. daB die Falter (es liegt uns nur eine kleine Serie von 3 Mannchen zum Vergleich vor) auf der Vorderflügel-OS ein Feld charakteristisch ausgepragter Androkonien aufweisen (siehe Abb. 1). die bei keiner der verglichenen Arten in dieser Form vorkommen (vergl. auch LARSEN 1990). Die Falter wurden am 23. Januar 1992 im Süden von Gran Canaria bei Maspalomas erstmals gesehen, wo sie um Akazienbaume flogen. Die genaue Lokalitat war ein kleiner Feldweg, der nach Norden ins Innere der Insei fiihrte. Sie waren nur schwer zu fangen. da sie sehr schnell flogen und sich meistens in einer Hohe von 4-5 Metern auf- hielten. Die Tiere verfolgten sich in Dreier- und Viererketten und konnten nur dann gefangen werden, wenn sie bei diesen Verfolgungs- flügen bis auf zirka 2 Meter herabkamen. Man hatte den Eindruck. daB sie an den Akazienbaumen ,Treetopping-Flüge- vollführten. uber die Biologie dieser weit verbreiteten Art sind in der Literatur nur sparliche Angaben zu finden. Nach iibereinstimmenden Angaben von BELL (1915-1920). CLARK& DICKSON(1971) und LARSEN (1991) ist die Art an blühende Akazien (Acacia spp.) gebunden, an deren Blüten die Raupen fressen und auch die Imagines Nektar aufnehmen. Die Puppen konnen am FuB der Akazienbaume gefunden werden (LARSEN 1990). Die Falter verbringen einen groBen Teil ihres Lebens im Kro- nenbereich der Akazien. Zum Zeitpunkt der Beobachtung herrschte (im Januar!) schones Som- merwetter mit Mittagstemperaturen um 28 'C. Es wurden insgesamt 15-20 Tiere gezahlt, die sich nur im Bereich der Akazienbaume auf- hielten: einige von ihnen waren frisch geschiüpft. andere abgeflogen. uber die Einwanderung der Falter kann nichts Genaues ausgesagt werden. Die Art ist in der Athiopis und im südwestlichen Asien weit verbreitet (LARSEN1990) und kann vor allem in den trockeneren Tei- len Afrikas. Arabiens und bis nach Indien gefunden werden. Die Art migriert in manchen Jahren und tritt dann plotzlich haufig an Orten auf. wo sie früher nicht beobachtet wurde, vorausgesetzt die Futter- pflanze, Akazienbaume, kommt vor. 189 Mb. 1: Aranus ubaidus CRAMER d. links OS. rechts US. Fundori: Gran Canaria (Tagfang). 23. i. 1992. leg. HORNEMANN. Zum Vergleich: Abb. 2: Azanus jesous CU~RIN-M~NEVILLEO. links OS. rechts US. Fundort: Jordan. Ghor es Safi. 300 m. 17. iv. 1978. leg. T. B. LARSEN. in coll. SCKURIAN.Mb. 3: iampides boelicus L. d. links OS. rechts US. Fundort: Spanien. Benidorm. 7. viii. 1970. leg. SCHURIAN. 190 Es ware denkbar, daB die Falter auf Gran Canaria mit dieser Futter- pflanze eingeschleppt wurden. da sie wohl kaum in der Lage sein dürften, die Entfernung zwischen dem afrikanischen Kontinent und Gran Canaria aktiv im Flug zu überwinden. Andererseits kann man sich die Besiedlung der Inseln auch passiv. durch Windverdriftung Gwave dispersal'), vorstellen. Es ist bekannt. daB der Scirocco (Samun) alljahrlich aus dem nordafrikanischen Kontinent groBe Men- gen an Feinmaterial Über weite Entfernungen nach Westen verfrachtet, vielleicht konnten die kleinen Falter auch auf diese Weise verdriftet worden sein. - In Zukunft sollte verstarkt auf die unscheinbaren Falter geachtet werden. um so eventuell bisher Übersehene Funde auf den anderen Kanarischen Inseln zu entdecken und mitzuteilen, damit die genaue Verbreitung dokumentiert werden konnte. Literatur BACALLADOA RANECA. J. J. (1976): Biologia de Cplyrius webbianus (BRULLS)(Lep. Lycaenidae) especie endémica de las Islas Canarias. - Viraea 6: 139-150. BELL. T. R (1915-1920): Tñe common butterflies of Ihe plains of India. Parts 17-25. - J. Bombay nal. Hisi. Soc. 23: 481-497; 24: 656672; 25: 430-453. 636-664; 26: 98-140. 430-487. 750-769. 941-954; 27: 26-32. CLARK, G. C.. & DICKSON. C. G. C. (1971): Life hisíorics of the Soulh Mrican lycaenid butterflies. xvii 272 S, 108 Taf. - Cape Town (Purnell). HIGCINS.L. G. (1967): Hipparchia (Pseu¿olergumia) wyssii CHRISTOPH. with des- criptions of two new subspecies. - Entomologist 100: 169-171. HORNEMANN. A (1992): Falter- und Raupenbeobachtungen im lanuar 1992 um Maspalomas (Gran Canaria). - Nachr. enlomol. Ver. Apollo. FrankfuMMain. N.F. 13 (im Druck). LARSEN.T. B. (1990): Tñe butterflies of Egypl. - 112 S, 8 Parbtaf. Svendborg (Apollo Books/American Univ. in Cairo Press). - (1991): The butterflies of Kenya and lheir natural hislory. - 490 S, 64 Farbtaf.. Oxford. New York. Tokio (Oxford Univ. Prcss). PINKER, R (1968): Der Lebensraum von Pieris cheiranflii HBN. und die Einwan- derung und Ausbreitung der Catopsiiia florella F. auf den Kanaren. - Z Arb.-Gem. 6slerr. Entomol. 20 (1-3) 22-25. REHNELT.K. (1974): Gone terp cversi n. sp, ein neuer Zitronenfalter von den Kanarischen Inseln &ep. Pieridae). - Entomol. 2. 84: 51-52. SCHURIAN.K. (1976): Taronomie und Biologie der Vanessa indica vulcania (Go- DART. 1819) (Lep. Nymphalidae). - Atalanla 7: 85-87. WIEMERS.M. (1991): Hipparchia wyssii (CHRIST.1889) Komplex: Beitrag zur Mor- hologie. Biologie. Ukologie und Verbreitung auf den Kanarischen Inseln PLepidoptera. Satyridae). - Nota lepid. 14 (3): 255-278. Anschriften der Verfasser: Dr. Klaus G. SCHURIAN, Am Mannstein 13, D-6233 Kelkheim 2 Andreas HORMEMANN,Sackgasse 6. D-6087 Büttelborn 3 .
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