DOCSLIB.ORG

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Seismic Reflection Survey and Well Drilling, Umkhanyakude District Municipality, Northern Kzn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Seismic Reflection Survey and Well Drilling, Umkhanyakude District Municipality, Northern Kzn SFG1897 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SEISMIC REFLECTION SURVEY AND WELL DRILLING, UMKHANYAKUDE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, NORTHERN KZN Public Disclosure Authorized Client: SANEDI–SACCCS Consultant: G.A. Botha (PhD, Pr.Sci.Nat) in association with specialist consultants; Brousse-James and Associates, WetRest, Jeffares & Green, S. Allan Council for Geoscience, P.O. Box 900, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 Council for Geoscience report: 2016-0009 June, 2016 Copyright © Council for Geoscience, 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... vii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Project description ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Location and regional context ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2 2D seismic reflection survey and well drilling; project description and technical aspects ............ 7 2.2.1 Seismic survey (vibroseis) process ....................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Well drilling ............................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.3 Data integration, subsurface analysis and reservoir modeling ........................................... 10 3 South African policy framework FOR CCS ........................................................................................ 11 3.1 South Africa’s government commitment to CCS......................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Cabinet endorsement of CCS plan ..................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 CCS Roadmap to be implemented by SANEDI-SACCCS .................................................. 14 3.1.3 Progress towards implementing the CCS Roadmap .......................................................... 16 4 Legal and administrative framework ................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Environmental and Social Risk Assessment (ESIA) process ..................................................... 18 4.1.1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) ....................................................... 19 4.1.2 OP 4.04 – Natural habitats (The World Bank, 2013b) ........................................................ 21 4.1.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources (The World Bank, 2013c) ..................................... 22 4.2 Environmental authorization in the context of South African legislation ..................................... 23 4.2.1 Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (MPRDA)............................... 23 4.2.2 National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), 1998 (as amended) ........................... 24 National Environmental Management Laws Second Amendment Act, 2013 .................................... 24 National Environmental Management Act (107/1998; Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014............................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.3 National Water Act (Act No 36 of 1998) .............................................................................. 25 4.2.4 National Forest Act, 1998 (Act No 84 of 1998) ................................................................... 27 4.2.5 World Heritage Convention Act, 1999 (Act No, 49 of 1999) ............................................... 27 4.2.6 National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 2003 ..................................... 27 4.2.7 Provincial legislation ............................................................................................................ 28 4.2.8 International conventions and agreements ......................................................................... 32 4.3 Permission to conduct seismic survey and well drilling .............................................................. 34 4.3.1 Ministerial discretionary powers .......................................................................................... 35 4.3.2 Geoscience Amendment Act, 2010 (Act 16 of 2010) ......................................................... 35 4.3.3 Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................... 36 5 Project alternatives ............................................................................................................................. 37 5.1 “No Go” alternative ...................................................................................................................... 37 i 5.2 Evaluation of CCS context alternatives ....................................................................................... 37 5.2.1 SANEDI-SACCCS rationale for locating Pilot CO2 Storage Project Onshore .................... 38 5.3 Alternatives considered in the onshore Zululand Basin context ................................................. 40 6 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT ....................................................................................... 41 6.1 Legal framework of the environmental investigations ................................................................. 41 6.2 Study area location, infrastructure and EMF/SEMP context ....................................................... 42 6.2.1 Umkhanyakude District Municipality; EMF, EMZ and SEMP .............................................. 43 6.2.2 Environmental aspects associated with location ................................................................ 45 6.3 Geological and geophysical baseline data .................................................................................. 46 6.3.1 Basin suitability for CO2 storage ......................................................................................... 46 6.3.2 Environmental aspects associated with the geological successions .................................. 49 6.4 Terrain morphology ..................................................................................................................... 49 6.4.1 Environmental aspects associated with the terrain morphology ......................................... 50 6.5 Soil and landtypes ....................................................................................................................... 50 6.5.1 Environmental aspects associated with soil associations ................................................... 51 6.6 Groundwater................................................................................................................................ 52 6.6.1 Regional groundwater aquifer characterisation .................................................................. 54 6.6.2 Groundwater monitoring ...................................................................................................... 56 6.6.3 Environmental aspects associated with groundwater ......................................................... 56 6.7 Surface water environments and wetlands ................................................................................. 57 6.7.1 Environmental aspects associated with surface water drainage systems .......................... 61 6.8 Biodiversity .................................................................................................................................. 61 6.8.1 Vegetation communities ...................................................................................................... 62 6.8.2 Wetland vegetation types .................................................................................................... 65 6.8.3 Environmental aspects associated with biodiversity ........................................................... 65 6.9 Noise, vibration and air quality .................................................................................................... 65 6.9.1 Environmental aspects associated with noise and vibration ............................................... 66 6.10 Archaeological and cultural significance ................................................................................. 66 6.10.1 Environmental aspects associated cultural heritage ....................................................... 66 6.11 Socio-economic framework ..................................................................................................... 67 6.12 Stakeholder engagement ........................................................................................................ 70 6.12.1 Public participation process (PPP) .................................................................................. 70 6.12.2 Environmental aspects to be addressed by public participation ..................................... 72 7 Environmental management plan ....................................................................................................... 76 7.1 Environmental Awareness and Responsibilities ......................................................................... 76 7.1.1 Environmental Control Officer (ECO) .................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comments on the Ornithology of Nigeria, Including Amendments to the National List
    Robert J. Dowsett 154 Bull. B.O.C. 2015 135(2) Comments on the ornithology of Nigeria, including amendments to the national list by Robert J. Dowsett Received 16 December 2014 Summary.—This paper reviews the distribution of birds in Nigeria that were not treated in detail in the most recent national avifauna (Elgood et al. 1994). It clarifies certain range limits, and recommends the addition to the Nigerian list of four species (African Piculet Verreauxia africana, White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda, Western Black-headed Batis Batis erlangeri and Velvet-mantled Drongo Dicrurus modestus) and the deletion (in the absence of satisfactory documentation) of six others (Olive Ibis Bostrychia olivacea, Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens, Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi, Little Grey Flycatcher Muscicapa epulata, Ussher’s Flycatcher M. ussheri and Rufous-winged Illadopsis Illadopsis rufescens). Recent research in West Africa has demonstrated the need to clarify the distributions of several bird species in Nigeria. I have re-examined much of the literature relating to the country, analysed the (largely unpublished) collection made by Boyd Alexander there in 1904–05 (in the Natural History Museum, Tring; NHMUK), and have reviewed the data available in the light of our own field work in Ghana (Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2014), Togo (Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2011a) and neighbouring Benin (Dowsett & Dowsett- Lemaire 2011, Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2009, 2010, 2011b). The northern or southern localities of species with limited ranges in Nigeria were not always detailed by Elgood et al. (1994), although such information is essential for understanding distribution patterns and future changes. For many Guineo-Congolian forest species their northern limit in West Africa lies on the escarpment of the Jos Plateau, especially Nindam Forest Reserve, Kagoro.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List
    Mozambique: Species List Birds Specie Seen Location Common Quail Harlequin Quail Blue Quail Helmeted Guineafowl Crested Guineafowl Fulvous Whistling-Duck White-faced Whistling-Duck White-backed Duck Egyptian Goose Spur-winged Goose Comb Duck African Pygmy-Goose Cape Teal African Black Duck Yellow-billed Duck Cape Shoveler Red-billed Duck Northern Pintail Hottentot Teal Southern Pochard Small Buttonquail Black-rumped Buttonquail Scaly-throated Honeyguide Greater Honeyguide Lesser Honeyguide Pallid Honeyguide Green-backed Honeyguide Wahlberg's Honeyguide Rufous-necked Wryneck Bennett's Woodpecker Reichenow's Woodpecker Golden-tailed Woodpecker Green-backed Woodpecker Cardinal Woodpecker Stierling's Woodpecker Bearded Woodpecker Olive Woodpecker White-eared Barbet Whyte's Barbet Green Barbet Green Tinkerbird Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pied Barbet Black-collared Barbet Brown-breasted Barbet Crested Barbet Red-billed Hornbill Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill Crowned Hornbill African Grey Hornbill Pale-billed Hornbill Trumpeter Hornbill Silvery-cheeked Hornbill Southern Ground-Hornbill Eurasian Hoopoe African Hoopoe Green Woodhoopoe Violet Woodhoopoe Common Scimitar-bill Narina Trogon Bar-tailed Trogon European Roller Lilac-breasted Roller Racket-tailed Roller Rufous-crowned Roller Broad-billed Roller Half-collared Kingfisher Malachite Kingfisher African Pygmy-Kingfisher Grey-headed Kingfisher Woodland Kingfisher Mangrove Kingfisher Brown-hooded Kingfisher Striped Kingfisher Giant Kingfisher Pied
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa 3Rd to 22Nd September 2015 (20 Days)
    Hollyhead & Savage Trip Report South Africa 3rd to 22nd September 2015 (20 days) Female Cheetah with cubs and Impala kill by Heinz Ortmann Trip Report compiled by Tour Leader: Heinz Ortmann Trip Report Hollyhead & Savage Private South Africa September 2015 2 Tour Summary A fantastic twenty day journey that began in the beautiful Overberg region and fynbos of the Western Cape, included the Wakkerstroom grasslands, coastal dune forest of iSimangaliso Wetland Park, the Baobab-studded hills of Mapungubwe National Park and ended along a stretch of road searching for Kalahari specials north of Pretoria amongst many others. We experienced a wide variety of habitats and incredible birds and mammals. An impressive 400-plus birds and close to 50 mammal species were found on this trip. This, combined with visiting little-known parts of South Africa such as Magoebaskloof and Mapungubwe National Park, made this tour special as well as one with many unforgettable experiences and memories for the participants. Our journey started out from Cape Town International Airport at around lunchtime on a glorious sunny early-spring day. Our journey for the first day took us eastwards through the Overberg region and onto the Agulhas plains where we spent the next two nights. The farmlands in these parts appear largely barren and consist of single crop fields and yet host a surprising number of special, localised and endemic species. Our afternoon’s travels through these parts allowed us views of several more common and widespread species such as Egyptian and Spur-winged Geese, raptors like Jackal Buzzard, Rock Kestrel and Yellow-billed Kite, Speckled Pigeons, Capped Wheatear, Pied Starling, the ever present Pied and Cape Crow, White-necked Raven and Pin-tailed Whydah, almost in full breeding plumage.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Assessment for the Hlabisa Landfill Site
    Ecological Assessment for the Hlabisa landfill site Compiled by: Ina Venter Pr.Sci.Nat Botanical Science (400048/08) M.Sc. Botany trading as Kyllinga Consulting 53 Oakley Street, Rayton, 1001 [email protected] In association with Lukas Niemand Pr.Sci.Nat (400095/06) M.Sc. Restoration Ecology / Zoology Pachnoda Consulting 88 Rubida Street, Murryfield x1, Pretoria [email protected] i Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Uncertainties and limitations .................................................................................................. 1 2. Site .................................................................................................................................................. 1 2.1. Location ................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2. Site description ....................................................................................................................... 1 3. Background information ................................................................................................................. 4 3.1. Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 4 3.2. Centres of floristic endemism ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships and Historical Biogeography of Tribes and Genera in the Subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBIJBiological Journal of the Linnean Society 0024-4066The Linnean Society of London, 2005? 2005 862 227251 Original Article PHYLOGENY OF NYMPHALINAE N. WAHLBERG ET AL Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 86, 227–251. With 5 figures . Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) NIKLAS WAHLBERG1*, ANDREW V. Z. BROWER2 and SÖREN NYLIN1 1Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331–2907, USA Received 10 January 2004; accepted for publication 12 November 2004 We infer for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of genera and tribes in the ecologically and evolutionarily well-studied subfamily Nymphalinae using DNA sequence data from three genes: 1450 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) (in the mitochondrial genome), 1077 bp of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-a) and 400–403 bp of wing- less (both in the nuclear genome). We explore the influence of each gene region on the support given to each node of the most parsimonious tree derived from a combined analysis of all three genes using Partitioned Bremer Support. We also explore the influence of assuming equal weights for all characters in the combined analysis by investigating the stability of clades to different transition/transversion weighting schemes. We find many strongly supported and stable clades in the Nymphalinae. We are also able to identify ‘rogue’
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Diversity in Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya: a Comprehensive List of Specimens and Species
    Journal of East African Natural History 106(1): 19–46 (2017) AMPHIBIAN DIVERSITY IN SHIMBA HILLS NATIONAL RESERVE, KENYA: A COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF SPECIMENS AND SPECIES Beryl A. Bwong Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel, 4056 Basel , Switzerland & Herpetology Section, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya P.O Box 40658, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] Joash O. Nyamache, Patrick K. Malonza, Domnick V. Wasonga, Jacob M. Ngwava Herpetology Section, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya P.O Box 40658, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected] Christopher D. Barratt, Peter Nagel Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel, 4056 Basel , Switzerland [email protected]; [email protected] Simon P. Loader Biogeography Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel, 4056 Basel , Switzerland & Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK [email protected] ABSTRACT We present the first annotated amphibian checklist of Shimba Hills National Reserve (SHNR). The list comprises of 30 currently known amphibians (28 anurans and two caecilians), which includes 11 families and 15 genera. In addition, individual records per species, distribution in the reserve and brief remarks about the species are presented. The checklist is based on information from museum collections, field guides, unpublished reports and newly collected field data. We are able to confirm the presence of two Eastern Afromontane species in the SHNR: Scolecomorphus cf. vittatus and Callulina cf. kreffti. The latter has not been recorded since the original collection of a single specimen over 50 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera Collecting in Kenya and Tanzania
    Vol. 4 No. 1 1993 BROS: Kenya and Tanzania Lepidoptera 17 TROPICAL LEPIDOPTERA, 4(1): 16-25 LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTING IN KENYA AND TANZANIA EMMANUEL BROS DE PUECHREDON1 "La Fleurie," Rebgasse 28, CH-4102 Binningen BL, Switzerland ABSTRACT.- Situated in tropical Africa, on both sides of the Equator, Kenya and Tanzania possess an extraordinary rich Lepidoptera fauna (according to Larsen's latest book on Kenya: 871 species only for the Rhopalocera and Grypocera). The present paper reports on the author's participation in a non-entomological mini-expedition during January 1977 across those two countries, with comments on the areas where collecting was possible and practiced by him as a serious amateur lepidopterist. In addition there are photos of some interesting landscapes and, last but not least, a complete list of all the species captured and noted. RESUME.- En pleine Afrique equatoriale, a cheval sur 1'Equateur, le Kenya et la Tanzanie possedent une faune de Lepidopteres extraordinairement riche (871 especes seulement pour les Rhopaloceres et Hesperiides du Kenya, selon le tout recent ouvrage de Larsen). La presente note relate une mini-expedition non specifiquement entomologique en Janvier 1977 a travers ces deux pays, avec commmentaires de 1'auteur, lepidopteriste amateur eclaire, sur les lieux ou il a eu la possibilite de collectionner, recit agremente de quelques photos de biotopes interessants et surtout avec la liste complete des especes capturees et notees. KEY WORDS: Acraeinae, Africa, Arctiidae, Cossidae, Danainae, distribution, Ethiopian, Eupterotidae, Hesperiidae, Limacodidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Psychidae, Pyralidae, Saturniidae, Satyrinae, Thaumetopoeinae. In January 1977, I had the opportunity of participating in a Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-African Sympetrine Libellulid Brachythemis Leucosticta
    Odonalologica 20(1): 29-36 March I, 1991 ‘Accompanying’ behaviouras a means of prey acquisition by Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister) and other Anisoptera P.S. Corbet¹ and P.L. Miller² 'Department of Zoology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OXI 3PS, United Kingdom Received November 14, 1990 / Accepted November 29, 1990 Adults of the B. leucosticta often pan-African sympetrine accompany large vertebrates moving slowly through open grassland or, less often, through shallow water. Such ‘accompanying’ behaviour, which is shown by solitary individuals and varies with groups, males and females, and immature and mature adults, respect to wind direction and substrate in ways that indicate that the vertebrate is usually the perceived as a token stimulus attracting dragonflies to places where small flying rendered of insects are accessible as prey. Certain and probable examples accom- panying behaviour in other Anisoptera are discussed. INTRODUCTION Adults of the pan-African sympetrine libellulid Brachythemis leucosticta insect with of animals appear to associate prey the presence large that thereby serve as ‘token stimuli’(CORBET, 1962). Both sexes are attracted towards, and fly close to, large vertebrates such as cattle, hippopotamuses and humans as they the often abundant. move slowly through open grassland where dragonflies are Such ‘following’ behaviour presumably enables the dragonflies to feed on the small insects that are made to fly up by the vertebrates’ movement. Noting ‘following’ behaviour near Lake Victoria at Entebbe, Uganda (0° S'N., 32° 29'E), inferred that the CORBET (1962, p. 154) initially dragonflies were responding and the view directly to a large moving object not to prey dislodged by it, a expressed also by WORTH (1962) from observations made in Natal, South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Dragonflies and Damselflies of the Western Cape
    BIODIVERSITY OBSERVATIONS RESEARCH PAPER (CITIZEN SCIENCE) Dragonflies and damselflies of the Western Cape - OdonataMAP report, August 2018 Author(s): Journal editor: Underhill LG, Loftie-Eaton M and Pete Laver Navarro R Manuscript editor: Pete Laver Received: August 30, 2018; Accepted: September 6, 2018; Published: September 06, 2018 Citation: Underhill LG, Loftie-Eaton M and Navarro R. 2018. Dragonflies and damselflies of the Western Cape - OdonataMAP report, August 2018. Biodiversity Observations 9.7:1-21 Journal: https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/ Manuscript: https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/article/view/643 PDF: https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/article/view/643/554 HTML: http://thebdi.org/blog/2018/09/06/odonata-of-the-western-cape Biodiversity Observations is an open access electronic journal published by the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town, available at https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/ The scope of Biodiversity Observations includes papers describing observations about biodiversity in general, including animals, plants, algae and fungi. This includes observations of behaviour, breeding and flowering patterns, distributions and range extensions, foraging, food, movement, measurements, habitat and colouration/plumage variations. Biotic interactions such as pollination, fruit dispersal, herbivory and predation fall within the scope, as well as the use of indigenous and exotic species by humans. Observations of naturalised plants and animals will also be considered. Biodiversity Observations will also publish a variety of other interesting or relevant biodiversity material: reports of projects and conferences, annotated checklists for a site or region, specialist bibliographies, book reviews and any other appropriate material.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa: Magoebaskloof and Kruger National Park Custom Tour Trip Report
    SOUTH AFRICA: MAGOEBASKLOOF AND KRUGER NATIONAL PARK CUSTOM TOUR TRIP REPORT 24 February – 2 March 2019 By Jason Boyce This Verreaux’s Eagle-Owl showed nicely one late afternoon, puffing up his throat and neck when calling www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | TRIP REPORT South Africa: Magoebaskloof and Kruger National Park February 2019 Overview It’s common knowledge that South Africa has very much to offer as a birding destination, and the memory of this trip echoes those sentiments. With an itinerary set in one of South Africa’s premier birding provinces, the Limpopo Province, we were getting ready for a birding extravaganza. The forests of Magoebaskloof would be our first stop, spending a day and a half in the area and targeting forest special after forest special as well as tricky range-restricted species such as Short-clawed Lark and Gurney’s Sugarbird. Afterwards we would descend the eastern escarpment and head into Kruger National Park, where we would make our way to the northern sections. These included Punda Maria, Pafuri, and the Makuleke Concession – a mouthwatering birding itinerary that was sure to deliver. A pair of Woodland Kingfishers in the fever tree forest along the Limpopo River Detailed Report Day 1, 24th February 2019 – Transfer to Magoebaskloof We set out from Johannesburg after breakfast on a clear Sunday morning. The drive to Polokwane took us just over three hours. A number of birds along the way started our trip list; these included Hadada Ibis, Yellow-billed Kite, Southern Black Flycatcher, Village Weaver, and a few brilliant European Bee-eaters.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Lepidopterans of Visakhapatnam Region, Andhra Pradesh, India
    ANALYSIS Vol. 21, Issue 68, 2020 ANALYSIS ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Contribution to the Lepidopterans of Visakhapatnam Region, Andhra Pradesh, India Solomon Raju AJ1, Venkata Ramana K2 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India 2Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India Corresponding author: A.J. Solomon Raju, Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India Mobile: 91-9866256682, email: [email protected] Article History Received: 28 June 2020 Accepted: 02 August 2020 Published: August 2020 Citation Solomon Raju AJ, Venkata Ramana K. Contribution to the Lepidopterans of Visakhapatnam Region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 275-280 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT The butterflies Byblia ilithyia (Nymphalidae), Pieris canidia (Pieridae) and Azanus jesous (Lycaenidae) and the day-flying moth, Nyctemera adversata (Erebidae) are oligophagous. Previously, only B. ilithyia has been reported to be occurring in this region while the other three species are being reported for the first time from this region. The larval host plants include Jatropha gossypiifolia and Tragia involucrata for B. ilithyia, Brassica oleracea var. oleracea and B. oleracea var. botrytis for P. canidia, and Acacia auriculiformis for Azanus jesous. The nectar plants include Tragia involucrata, Euphorbia hirta and Jatropha gossypiifolia for B. ilithyia, Premna latifolia and Cleome viscosa for P. canidia, Lagascea mollis, Tridax procumbens and Digera muricata for A. jesous and Bidens pilosa for 275 N. adversata. The study recommends extensive field investigations to find out more larval plants and nectar plants for each Page lepidopteran species now reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Diversity and Community-Based Ecotourism in Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa
    Amphibian diversity and Community-Based Ecotourism in Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa FM Phaka orcid.org/0000-0003-1833-3156 Previous qualification (not compuLsory) Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters degree in Environmental Science at the North-West University Supervisor: Prof LH du Preez Co-supervisor: Dr DJD Kruger Assistant Supervisor: Mr EC Netherlands Graduation May 2018 25985469 Declaration I, Fortunate Mafeta Phaka, declare that this work is my own, that all sources used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references, and that this thesis was not previously submitted by me or any other person for degree purposes at this or any other university. Signature Date 18/11/2017 i i AcknowLedgements A great debt of gratitude is owed to my study supervisor L.H. Du Preez, co-supervisor D.J.D. Kruger, and assistant supervisor E.N. Netherlands for guidance and encouragement to focus on my strengths. To my mentors, D. Kotze and L. De Jager, and the Phaka clan, your faith in me has kept me going through all these years. Thank you to African Amphibian Conservation Research Group and Youth 4 African Wildlife for accepting me as part of your family. Members of the Zululand community are thanked for their enthusiasm and assistance towards this study. Fieldwork and running expenses for this research were funded by the South African National Biodiversity Institute’s (SANBI) Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme (Grant UID 98144). Financial assistance for studying towards this degree was provided by SANBI’s Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme (National Research Foundation Grant- Holder Linked Bursary for Grant UID 98144), and the North-West University (NWU Masters Progress Bursary, and NWU Masters Bursary).
    [Show full text]