CRAYNET Brings Findings on European Crayfish Diversity and Knowledge-Based Management of Inside This Issue: Native Species to the Wider Public

April 2005 Volume 27 Issue 1

ISSN 1023-8174 The Official Newsletter of the International Association of Astacology

CRAYNET Brings Findings on European Crayfish Diversity and Knowledge-Based Management of Inside this issue: Native Species to the Wider Public

Cover Story 1 Presidents Corner 2

Obituary 3

Short Articles 4

News From Around the 8 World Freshwater Crayfish 14 10

Meetings & 14 Conferences Photo Album 17 Web Sites of Interest 21 to Astacologists

Literature of Interest 22 to Astacologists A blue-phase Astacus astacus. Photo by: Chris Lukhaup.

IAA member Catherine Souty- and economics with sustainable envi- Grosset sends the following report on ronmental quality” involves eleven the activities of the thematic network countries (France, Ireland, Italy, Ger- CRAYNET supported by the Euro- many, Sweden, Austria, Norway, pean Commission. United Kingdom, Poland, Finland and Spain). It was set up as a network of Crayfish are among the largest European researchers and managers to and longest-lived of freshwater inverte- develop knowledge-based management brates, and their wide-ranging activity strategies and a common approach to management. The aim is to highlight Crayfish News now means that they are not only appreci- and stimulate research activities into has a brand new lay- ated as heritage species whose loss the three threatened crayfish species out to make it easier would diminish freshwater biodiversity, native to the European Community, to read online and but they also act as keystone species, and to disseminate findings on these after printing. We regulating biodiversity in streams and heritage species to the wider public. hope you like the lakes. The CRAYNET project subti- Consequently the Network is organised new format! tled “European crayfish as keystone species- linking science, management (Continued on page 18)

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Presidents Corner

Dear IAA members: Craynetters will join the International This is a very busy time for crayfish Workshop “Biological invasions in people in Florence. Our group, com- inland waters” (May 5-7). We have two posed of several fantastic students of venues for this event: the historical the University of Florence, is organizing headquarters of the University of Flor- IAA President Francesca the Final Conference of the European ence (the “Aula Magna”) and the Gherardi (Italy) project Craynet. The conference, enti- “Tribuna di Galileo” in the Zoological tled “European crayfish as heritage spe- Museum of Florence. We expect about cies -linking research and management 200 delegates, coming from all over the strategies to conservation and socioeco- world (several European countries, but nomic development,” will be held on also Canada, USA, Asia, and Australia). May 2-5 in the center of Florence. A It will be difficult for my students to frescoed palace of the Florentine Ren- manage all these “invaders”, but cer- aissance (Palazzo Giugni-Ammannati) tainly great help will come from the high will provide the historical atmosphere level of the participants (eminent scien- for this conference. We expect partici- tists and managers working in the field pation of more than 90 European dele- of bioinvasions, including Stephan Gol- gates who will enjoy the presentations lasch, Papik Genovesi, Geoffrey How- by Guido Chelazzi (University of Flor- ard, etc.), from the beauty of Florence in ence), Ian Cowx (Hull University), Keith May (much sun, crossing our fingers), Crandall (Brigham Young University, and from the pleasure offered by the USA), Bernardino Fantini (University of several side-events we are organizing Geneva), and Kenneth Söderhäll, Upp- (the social dinner in Chianti, the field sala University. trip to the monastery of La Verna and to the Park of “Le Foreste Casentinesi”, The number of delegates will dra- the attendance to the opera “La Tosca” matically increase on May 5, when by Giacomo Puccini). H

The International Association of Astacology (IAA), founded in Officers: Hintertal, Austria in 1972, is dedicated to the study, conservation, Francesca Gherardi, President, Department of Animal Biology and wise utilisation of freshwater crayfish. Any individual or firm and Genetics, University of Florence, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, interested in furthering the study of astacology is eligible for Italy. E-mail: [email protected] membership. Service to members include a quarterly newsletter, membership directory, bi-annual international symposia and Catherine Souty-Grosset, President-elect, Laboratoire de Géné- publication of the journal Freshwater Crayfish. tique et Biologie des Populations de Crustacés, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 6556, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France. Secretariat: E-mail: [email protected] The International Association of Astacology has a permanent Elizabeth Watson, Secretary, DRA Aquatic Consultants, 20 Cedar secretariat managed by Bill Daniels. Address: IAA Secretariat, Road, Castle Donington, Derby, DE74 2LR. England. Room 123, Swingle Hall, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aqua- E-mail: [email protected] cultures, Auburn University, AL 36849-5419, USA. Keith Crandall, Past-President, Department of Integrative Biol- Tel: +1(334) 844-9123 / Fax: +1(334) 844-9208 ogy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5255 USA. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Web page: Statements and opinions expressed in Crayfish News are not http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/IAA/ necessarily those of the International Association of Webmaster: James W. Fetzner Jr. Astacology E-mail: [email protected] This issue edited by James W. Fetzner Jr. and Francesca Gherardi

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OBITUARY IN MEMORY OF JAROSLAV STAROBOGATOV

In December 2004 Jaroslav Igorevitch Star- obogatov, Doctor of Biology, professor, one of the greatest Russian zoologists, famous for his work on molluscs and crustaceans all over the world, passed away. Having worked at the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, for more than 40 years Dr. Starobogatov, even at 74 did not stop laboring there up to his last days, in spite of being seriously ill. I was lucky to meet with Dr. Starobogatov more than once. He was always interested in the latest information concerning river crayfish, comparing it with his private observations. Jaroslav Starobogatov was always helpful and kind to his visitors. He was ready to answer any tricky questions or give advice. Many of us will always remember Dr. Starobogatov as a brilliant educator. Among his successors are not Dr. Jaroslav Igorevitch Starobogatov only those who obtained their scientific degrees un- and more than 300 articles in Russian and foreign der his careful guidance, but also his many grateful biological magazines. As to molluscs, his careful revi- students from throughout the former USSR to sion of their species and subspecies let him describe whom he lectured. some new genera and subgenera. For many years, Crayfish, both their spreading and taxonomy, was Jaroslav Starobogatov lead the Malocological Society, the principal subject of our talks. These are questions Russian Academy of Sciences, as its President. Dr. of high importance, especially crayfish taxonomy. Starobogatov has done his best as a member of both Before Dr. Starobogatov proposed his system, two the Russian and International Commissions on Zoo- other ones were acting: first, the system of Dr. logical Nomenclature. Tsukersis; and second, the scheme of Dr. Brodski, a Jaroslav Starobogatov was born and brought up more capacious work published in Ukrainian. Nowa- in Moscow where he became a student of Moscow days the most modern capacious system for crayfish State University and then a postgraduate. For more taxonomy, developed by Yaroslav Starobogatov, than 40 years his life was closely connected with the covers the gaps of previous ones and might seem Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, new for many Russian and foreign astacologists. This in St. Petersburg. Not in vain, his great intelligence new idea has not yet gained wide acceptance, how- spread from biological matters to many other ever, it was based upon Jaroslav Starobogatov's per- branches of science. Jaroslav's father, Igor Star- sonal data, along with many observations of other obogatov, was employed as a 'know-all' by Izvestia authors. It includes a wide range of freshwater cray- newspaper since the Tzar's time. Igor Starobogatov's fish taxonomic characters, which have first been as- task was to read all the issues looking for actual mis- sessed in accordance with logic. The scheme has gen- takes in the field of geography, economy, literature, eralized numerous data on narrow-clawed crayfish etc. So his son's aspirations to knowledge have to a subspecies and other crayfish species published by great extent come from family surroundings. We Dr. Brodski previously. In the course of time the sys- know the late Dr. Starobogatov as a hard-worker, an tem might be made more precise by means of genetic observant, passionate naturalist blessed by God. The examination. rich heritage left by him in different fields should be The crayfish system is only a little piece of Dr. taken as a milestone in the way of scientific develop- Starobogatov's great scientific heritage. His broad ment. H knowledge in animal and plant taxonomy, phylogeny, Dr. Valeri Fedotov and biogeography has enriched many branches of science. Dr. Starobogatov has published five books Crayfish News y Volume 27 Issue 1: Page 3

Short Articles

THREAT FROM MALIBU, CALIFORNIA Chelipeds (pincers) are the main crayfish "weapons" used during intra and interespecific interactions. Crayfish will vigorously fight other crayfish and defend themselves from predators by using their claws. The crayfish threat posture is a species- specific behavior that allows the semi social indi- viduals to hierarchically accommodate themselves and share the space and other resources, when forced to live in reduce areas, without the need of ture was scanned and transformed to a paint style causing injuries among the contestants. The picture image with Paint Shop Pro 5 Program. The species shows a crayfish individual from the Malibu creek is the introduced Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus and it was taken out of the water with a 50mm clarkii from Malibu California. H Canon Eos Rebel camera 1:1.8 and Optical Filters Enrique Aniceto Promaster Spectrum 7 (Close-up Set). Later the pic- [email protected]

MATERNAL ATTACHMENT OF EMBRY- Maternal care concludes during the third devel- ONIC AND JUVENILE CHERAX CAINII opmental Stage, because the young are independent Aspects of maternal care in the freshwater cray- of the mother’s protection and the spines on the fish Cherax cainii were studied, in particular the mor- fourth and fifth pereopods have straightened and cannot effectively hook onto the maternal oosetae. phological structures involved in the attachment of H embryonic and early post-embryonic stages to the mother. These structures were examined with light Synopsis of honours thesis by: and scanning electron microscopy. Tim Burton University of Western Australia Maternal care in Cherax cainii is evident in two (supervised by Brenton Knott) discrete phases. First, an initial ‘active’ phase where specific maternal behaviour (aeration, cleaning and removal of diseased eggs) is directed toward the un- hatched embryos. These are fixed to the maternal pleopods by egg stalks; structures which consist of a transparent cement-like substance that adheres each egg to a bundle of oosetae. This is followed by a ‘passive’ phase, which is characterised by an absence of specific maternal behaviour and is based upon the function of a re- curved spine on the dactyls of the fourth and fifth pereopods of early post-embryonic young. The re- curved spines are transient structures, present only in Stage 1 and Stage 2 juveniles, which hook onto the pleopodal setae and attach the defenceless young to the maternal abdomen. This safeguards them from predation.

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DRASTIC ACTION but it will take up to five years to confirm successful An attempt has been made to eradicate a series eradication (though it could be rather less if we have of populations of illegally introduced signal crayfish failed to achieve 100% mortality). Pacifastacus leniusculus in Scotland using natural pyre- Natural pyrethrum costs about five time more thrum. This is the first authorised use of a biocide than synthetic pyrethroids, so this is not a cheap op- against crayfish in the UK. There are no selective tion, but we have shown it can be used safely within biocides for crayfish and the regulatory authorities a target area. It looks quite promising, but only would not permit use of synthetic pyrethroids in wa- where it is acceptable to kill all invertebrates and any ter. fish that escape prior rescue. Scottish Natural Heritage commissioned a field The work was funded by Scottish Natural Heri- project involving treatment with natural pyrethrum, tage and the North Esk Fisheries Board, with sup- which is effective against crayfish (Peay and Hiley, in port in kind from Fisheries Research Services, Scot- press), but breaks down rapidly. At the doses used tish Environmental Protection Agency, the landown- (target 0.1-0.2 mg/l pyrethrins, depending on condi- ers, the Environment Agency (England and Wales) tions) the recovery time is around 1-2 weeks. Cray- and members of the project team. H fish had been stocked for less than two years in one offline pond and another chain of ponds and they did not appear to have escaped to the river system. A. The ponds had to have water stopped off for the treatment and recovery period. The other site was a wholly enclosed gravel pit (c. 9,000m3), with a large population developed over 6 years. We geared up from dirty bucket B. tests in close to field conditions to full scale treat- ments. This brought all sorts of new challenges, including the lo- C. gistics of materials, equipment, a multi-agency team of people and try- ing to fit in the work around the use of one of the sites by wedding parties! We had to keep treated water under control to avoid pollution downstream, which necessitated dams, diversions, pumps and bags of invertebrates to check that we were avoiding impact in non-target areas. At the gravel pit we borrowed a privately- owned fire engine to apply the chemical when a Application of pyrethrum to ponds. A. Fire Engine at gravelpit. pump hire company failed to deliver. Most of the B. Pyrethrum application by hose. C. Application by spraying. application was done using a boat with a customised sprayer. We pre-treated the margins to prevent any Stephanie Peay escapes. 15A Longwood Avenue, Bingley, West Yorks BD16 We carried out the work in three phases. Mortal- 2RX, 01274 511637, Mob 07799293392 ity in wild and caged crayfish was encouragingly high, [email protected]

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A BURROWING CRAYFISH IN SOUTHERN species were still inhabiting the chambers, a partial CHILE, PARASTACUS NICOLETI, vacuum pump was used for suction purposes. Sur- SURVIVES FOREST FIRES prisingly, two specimens measuring 25,6 mm and Since the arrival of the Spanish colonists (XVI 24,2 mm cephalothorax length (CTL) were extracted century) anthropic intervention has caused the de- from this chamber, while a female incubating eggs, struction of Chile´s autochthonous forests (temperate forests). The most frequent motives for such intervention are: 1. to clear land for agricultural use; 2. to obtain wood for fuel or transforming into charcoal and 3. to replace the forests with pine (Pinus radiata) or eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) plantations. From that date to the present day, the principle method used to eliminate forests native to Chile has been controlled clearing and burning. The burrowing crayfish Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882) constructs its living chambers in the ground beneath many of these forests, especially those located in the Coastal Cordillera of southern Chile. In December, 2004, the remains of an autochthonous forest, recently destroyed by burning and with a CTL of 31.5 mm, was extracted from another replaced with an incipient plantation of eucalyptus, adjacent chamber. were discovered in the Chaihuin sector (39º54´S; Although literature available indicates that P. 73º35´W) of the Coastal Cordillera, province of Val- nicoleti constructs chambers of up to 2m depth, their divia. Numerous entrance orifices to P. nicoleti cham- capacity to resist the impact of a forest fire on their bers were observed in the still superficially calcinated microhabitat and the subsequent consequences, in ground. In order to verify whether specimens of this particular the possible reduction of food sources available, is surprising. Laboratory experiments have revealed that specimens of this species perish when water temperatures reach 25 °C. As no information is available with regard to the time of year these controlled fires were carried out, we can only presume that the depth of the P. nicoleti chambers was the decisive factor which

(Continued on page 7)

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cerning the presence of redclaw in streams of northern NSW particularly interested me given my long term involvement with redclaw aquaculture research and my knowledge of and passion for this species. I must stress that I fully appreciate the concern about the impact of exotic species on endemic species, particularly something as special as the Euastacus crayfish. My philosophy has always been for sensible development of redclaw aquaculture with appropriate planning and regulation to minimize escape of stocks into surrounding 'natural' catchments. Of course my role has been in aquaculture research, and not in management or industry development. Nev- ertheless I have maintained a strong interest in the (Continued from page 6) incidence of redclaw escaping from farms and estab- lishing populations in adjacent waterways. To my enabled them to “escape” hot surface waters by tak- knowledge there have been no formal studies to ing refuge in the depths of their chambers, thus sur- measure such incidence nor impacts where escape viving the fire. Similarly, there is no information has occurred. I've always thought that if redclaw available with regard to the lapse of time since the were a particularly invasive species it would have fire occurred. Nevertheless, the presence of speci- become so abundant by now particularly in all the mens, particularly of an ovigerous female, leads us to catchments of eastern Queensland, adjacent to the presume that damage to the vital processes of this developing redclaw aquaculture industry, that their population would appear to have been minimal. presence there would be common knowledge. This Furthermore, this finding helps us to understand the does not appear to be the case. I've also thought that presence of P. nicoleti in ground that has been cleared redclaw is not a particularly invasive species, because and is presently used as grazing land for bovine or its non-aggressive nature that makes it so suitable ovine livestock, but was totally covered by autoch- for high density aquaculture, is a particularly poor thonous forests up to the end of the XIX century. characteristic for invading new territory, and com- Although no research has been undertaken into peting with existing species that occupy similar the effects of a forest fire on the biology and ecol- niches. ogy of this species, it is, meantime, extremely gratify- Redclaw is a tough animal and given the oppor- ing to confirm that P. nicoleti is capable of surviving tunity will no doubt move into new territory if it es- this type of anthropic intervention. This also enables capes from poorly managed farms. No doubt, the us to evaluate conservation possibilities with greater H four specimens of redclaw encountered in northern optimism. New South Wales are an example of this. I suggest Erich H. Rudolph however that the local crayfish species, Cherax cuspi- Laboratory of Astacology datus and Euastacus valentulus, will out-compete the C. Universidad de Los Lagos quadricarinatus, and the redclaw will not establish re- Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile productive populations in the long term. Redclaw [email protected] were first introduced to and farmed in northern NSW in the late 1980's. They have had almost 20 years to establish themselves in local streams. Per- RESPONSE TO ARTICLE IN CRAYFISH haps they're not as invasive as Jason suggests. NEW 26 (4) BY JASON COUGHRAN This assertion is of course just an opinion, and is As a long standing member of IAA I have be- not based on any definitive studies. Redclaw have come very aware of the real and potential impacts of been translocated by commercial operators to all translocated crayfish around the world. The article parts of the world over the past 20 years for the pur- by Jason Coughran in Crayfish News 26 (4) con- (Continued on page 8)

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(Continued from page 7) Dr Clive Jones pose of developing aquaculture. The impact that Principal Scientist this species may or may not have is simply un- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries known and will remain so until studies are per- Northern Fisheries Centre formed to clarify the invasiveness of redclaw and PO Box 5396 its competitive interactions with other species. I Cairns Q 4870 hope for the sake of the ecology of natural water Australia ways, and for the future development of redclaw Ph +617 40350182 Fax +617 40356703 H aquaculture, that this question can be answered. [email protected]

News From Around The World FRESHWATER CRAYFISH IN LAKE at an altitude of 1973m and with a surface area of BUNYONI, UGANDA 57km2. Its probable maximum depth is 39.3m although legend has it that it is one of the deepest The Red Swamp Louisianan crayfish Procambarus lakes in Africa. Its maximum length is 24km. It is clarkii Girard was introduced to Uganda in East Af- likely that P. clarkii are also established in its out- rica in the 1960s. In 1966 it is known that P. clarkii flowing river, the River Ruhuma which flows into was held at Uganda Fisheries Department ponds at the Ruhumba Swamps. Kajansi near Entebbe (Lowery & Mendes, 1977). The lake is a deep volcanic barrier lake. There Since Lowery & Mendes (1977) brief comments on was a serious fish kill associated with partial mixing P. clarkii in Uganda there seems to have been few of deep anoxic water in 1964 after which a commer- scientific comments on or publications on freshwa- cial fishery (based on stocked species) was aban- ter crayfish in Uganda despite the fact that P. clarkii doned (Beadle, 1981). Such deep volcanic barrier may have escaped or have been widely distributed lakes may be characterised by a long-term supra- forming established populations in parts of Uganda annual mixing cycle with a rare and unpredictable since the 1960s. climatic trigger (Beadle, 1981). This and the lake’s I would appreciate any comments from any depth may have negative impacts on its freshwater IAA members about freshwater crayfish in Uganda, crayfish populations which probably survive about or other parts of East Africa and Sudan. the periphery of the lake. It is likely that the fresh- “Freshwater crayfish” are present in Lake water crayfish impact on the ecology of the lake and Bunyoni (or Lake Bunyonyi) in Kabale District, SW form a good food resource for locally common ot- Uganda - near to the mountains where the moun- ters. H tain gorillas in Uganda live. The “freshwater cray- References fish” are P. clarkii (Bill Daniels, pers. comm.) intro- Beadle, L. C. (1981). The Inland Waters of Tropical duced from elsewhere in Uganda since the 1960s. Africa: An Introduction to Tropical Limnology. They are very popular with the local restaurants as a Longman, New York, 475 pages. culinary dish for tourists travelling across Africa. Lowery, R. S. & Mendes, A. J. (1977). Procambarus Lake Bunyoni’s name means “the place of little clarkii in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, and its effects birds” amongst the local Bakiga people who culti- on established and potential fisheries. Aquacul- vate the local hills. The local area is mountainous – ture, 11: 111-121. the 4127m high Mount Muhavura can be seen on a clear day from the lake. The lake is apparently fish- John Foster less (apart from the “freshwater crayfish”) with no [email protected] crocs, hippos or bilharzia. Environment Agency, Saxon House, Little High Lake Bunyoni is in Uganda at 1°18’ S; 29°54’ E Street, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 1DH, UK

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AN ANCIENT DRAWING The drawing in the photo comes from a catalogue by the priest Mattia Moneti dated 1732-1755. This catalogue is composed of four volumes entitled "Ars naturam fingens seu non nullarum plantarum ac stirpium quae in agro cortoniensi sponte nascuntur catalogus…." It is conserved in the library of the municipality and of the Etruscan Academy at Cortona (Arezzo, Italy). This is the oldest picture testifying the presence of crayfish in Arezzo, Tuscany. H

Enrico Gusmeroli Provincia di Arezzo Servizio Difesa del Suolo Salvaguardia delle Risorse Idriche e Naturali U.O. Protezione della natura Parchi e Riserve Naturali tel. (+39)0575.316263 (+39)320.4338861 fax (+39)0575.316261 [email protected] www.areeprotette.provincia.arezzo.it

Laura Aquiloni (PhD student, University of Florence)

NEW PROJECT ON TASMANIAN THREAT- and Keith Crandall from Brigham Young Univer- ENED CRAYFISH sity in the US have received funding from the Aus- Engaeus granulatus is a burrowing crayfish that has a tralian Research Council to compile a phylogeny of restricted distribution in the central north of Tasma- the entire Australian crayfish fauna. They will use nia, and within its range it is only found in a few this to investigate some big questions in evolution colonies, mostly in native vegetation, suggesting that and macroecology: what controls the rate of diversi- its distribution has been heavily reduced by land fication in a group, the relationship between speci- clearance since European settlement. The Tasma- ation and molecular evolution, how body size and nian Forest Practices Board wish to develop a pre- range change on continental scales and how their dictive model so that prospective areas for the spe- evolution compares with other continental faunas. cies can be identified before any forest activity takes These questions are rarely tackled using a single place. Honours student Suki Hopgood-Douglas taxonomic group at the scale of a biogeographical will be working with Alastair Richardson at the realm. This project is part of a global initiative on University of Tasmania to develop this model and the evolution of freshwater crayfish, providing also discover what factors are responsible for limit- unique opportunities to compare evolutionary patterns between continents; it will run from 2005 ing the area of existing colonies. The project will run H throughout 2005. through 2007. Alastair Richardson EVOLUTIONARY, MACROECOLOGICAL School of Zoology AND PHYLOGENETIC PATTERNS IN University of Tasmania AUSTRALASIAN FRESHWATER CRAYFISH Private Bag 05 A group of Australian crayfish biologists (Chris Hobart Austin, Pierre Horwitz and Alastair Richardson) Tasmania 7001

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PH.D. DISSERTATION COMPLETED Thwaite (1885)). Thanks to Matt Brazier, Environment Agency, Recently (October 20, 2004), Claudia Carmona- North West Region, for notification of this prosecu- Osalde (IAA member) has defended her PhD thesis tion. H Efecto de diferentes factores ambientales, sociales y Pete Sibley nutrimentales en la reproducción, bajo condiciones Environment Agency, North Wessex experimentales, del acocil Procambarus [email protected] (Austrocambarus) llamasi (Villalobos, 1955) (Decápoda:Astacidae) [in English: Effects of different environmental factors, social and nutrimental in reproduction under experimental conditions of crayfish Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi (Villalobos, Freshwater Crayfish 14 1955) (Decapoda: Astacidae)]. H NOW AVAILABLE TO MEMBERS

Miguel Rodríguez Serna How to purchase it? Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Freshwater Crayfish 14 is now available via elec- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e tronic (CD) or hard copy. Investigación, Sisal Calle 19 s/n x Capitania de Puerto If any member is interested in getting the hard copy Puerto de Sisal, Hunucma, Yucatán or the complete FC-14 in electronic format please feel free to contact me. Note: only those authors responsible for each paper will get a free hard and SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTION BY ENVI- electronic copy mailed to their postal addresses. If RONMENT AGENCY IN ENGLAND any member would like to get individual electronic In December 2004 a construction contractor, papers, please contact the primary author (or any Clancy Docwra Ltd, was fined £3000 with £4000 author) of that paper. costs for carrying out unconsented river works im- pacting upon crayfish and salmonid fish. Prices for each hard copy are: The works took place in Cumbria within the $350.00 Mexican pesos (about 25.00€ or $32.00US River Kent cSAC (candidate Special area of Conser- Dollars) plus postage, for those in attendance at the vation), which is designated for a variety of fish and 14th Symposium; invertebrates including white-clawed crayfish. Despite prior consultations between the com- $400.00 Mexican pesos (about 29.00€ or $36.00US pany, the Environment Agency and English Nature, Dollars) plus postage, to all other IAA members. Clancy Docwra failed to undertake protective meas- $450.00 Mexican pesos (about 32.00€ or $41.00US ures including a crayfish survey, the results of which Dollars) plus postage, to non-members. would have influenced the timing of any authorised work. Prices of every electronic copy (CD) are: As a result, crayfish habitat and salmonid spawn- Free to those in attendance at the 14th Symposium; ing areas were destroyed and the court was told that crayfish, including egg-carrying females, would have $50.00 Mexican pesos (about 4.00€ or $5.00US been killed or forced to move downstream. The Dollars) plus postage, to all IAA members. court agreed that the company had been negligent $80.00 Mexican pesos (about 6.00€ or $7.00US and had failed to meet its environmental obligations Dollars) plus postage, to non-members. resulting in a significant impact on the habitat and resident wildlife. Please send your requests to Pedro Joaquín The convictions were secured under part of the Gutiérrez-Yurrita: [email protected] Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Act (1975) wherein crayfish are legally classified as fish (Caygill v Information is also available on the IAA website.

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FRESHWATER CRAYFISH 14 — PREFACE AND AKCNOWLEDGEMENTS The present volume publishes outstanding research communicated during the 14th Symposium of the International Association of Astacology, held in the city of Querétaro, Mexico during 2002. This Symposium was held for the first time ever in a Latin-American Country. This is important for many reasons. First, this initiated many new relationships among astacologists; given that this permitted Eng- lish-speaking scientists to have direct contact with the Spanish-speaking scientific community, who often only publish their works in Spanish. Second, Latin-American countries share the same ecological problems that well developed countries have: loss, fragmentation, and degradation of the natural habitats of native, or endemic crayfish species; and negative impacts on ecosystems due to introduction of crayfish species from Australia or North-America. In almost all countries, transloca- tions and introductions are facilitated through a lack 30th anniversary of the IAA, the Mexican sympo- of government departmental policy in the traffic and sium of the IAA has shifted the future of the Asso- trade of alien species, and by the strong support by ciation, in the sense that this symposium was the those aquaculturists who have seen only the benefits beginning of a new era to the IAA. That being, a of having a new resource on their lands (ponds) and truly international Association. rivers; this is compounded by the lack of impact as- I gratefully acknowledge collaboration for 14th sym- sessment studies conducted prior to introductions. posium of the IAA from the following people: Third, contrary to well developed countries, eco- • Arantxa López Romero logical troubles are magnified due to the economic • Ángeles Yurrita Gastelum difficulties of governments in Latin-America. In the 14th Symposium of the IAA, Latin-American re- • Begoña Gutiérrez Yurrita searchers presented data to the scientific community • Almudena Gutiérrez Yurrita on their progress in aquaculture (México, Cuba, • Miguel Rodríguez Serrato Chile), ecology (México, Chile, Uruguay), parasitol- • Ulises Padilla García ogy (Chile), taxonomy, systematics and physiology (México) and management of biotic resources • Fernando García Trejo (Cuba, México). I am pleased because researchers • Silvia Hurtado González from Institutions with economic limitations have • Isabel Rodríguez González made contact with researchers from Institutions I wish to thank Araceli Alonso Díaz for her assis- with stronger programs to support investigations in tance in preparing Freshwater Crayfish 14. other countries. Finally, I hope that the research presented here from the Symposium in México, will be an incentive to develop more scientific meetings of Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita high quality in Latin-American countries. At the Editor, Freshwater Crayfish 14 (Continued on page 12) Crayfish News y Volume 27 Issue 1: Page 11

(Continued from page 11) 8. E. Cortés-Jacinto, H. Villarreal-Colmenares, R. Civera-Cerecedo and L. E. Cruz-Suárez. Studies FRESHWATER CRAYFISH 14 — LIST OF On The Nutrition Of The Freshwater Crayfish CONTENTS Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens): Effect Of REVIEWERS, Pp. v The Dietary Protein Level On Growth Of Juve- SPONSORS, Pp. vi niles And Pre-Adults. Pp. 70-80. PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, 9. Edo D’Agaro. Optimising Growth Parameters Pp. vii Of Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus L. Reared In IAA 14 SYMPOSIUM DELEGATES, Pp. viii Water Recirculated Culture System: Effect Of Dietary Fatty Acids And Feeding Level. Pp. 81- 1ST SECTION -- STURE ABRAHAMSSON 89. LECTURE 10. Fernando Díaz, Ana Denise Re, Elizabeth Sierra 1. Catherine Souty-Grosset, Frédéric Grandjean and Gerardo Amador. Behavioural Thermo- and Nicolas Gouin. Conservation and manage- regulation And Critical Limits Applied To The ment of native crayfish populations. Pp. 1-20. Culture Of Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens). Pp. 90-98.

2ND SECTION -- CRAYFISH REVIEWS 11. Arnold G. Eversole, Rebecca L. Pylypink and Yavuz Mazlum. Distribution Of Procambarus 2. Elizabeth A. Sinclair, James W. Fetzner Jr, Jenni- acutus acutus (Girard) In A Culture Pond. Pp. fer Buhay and Keith A. Crandall. Proposal To 99-105. Complete A Phylogenetic Taxonomy And Sys- tematic Revision For Freshwater Crayfish 12. W. Ray Mcclain and Robert P. Romaire. Effects (Astacidea). Pp. 21-29. Of Simulated Drought On Crayfish Survival And Reproduction In Experimental Burrows: A 3. Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita. The Use Of Preliminary Study. Pp. 106-115. The Crayfish Fauna In México: Past, Present … And Future? Pp. 30-36. 13. Timothy J. Storer, Glen J. Whisson and Louis H. Evans. Crayfish Polyculture In Ameliorated 4. Jessica Lynas, Patience Lindhjem, Andrew Storey Water From Acid Mine Lakes. Pp. 116-120. and Brenton Knott. Is The Yabby, Cherax de- structor (Parastacidae) In Western Australia An Ecological Threat? Pp. 37-44. 4TH SECTION -- BIOGEOGRAPHY AND 5. Irving O. Téllez-Vera, Martha Signoret-Poillon SYSTEMATICS (molecular biology) and José A. Viccon-Pale. Historical Analysis Of 14. Marina Paolucci, Cinzia Liberato, Carlo Di The Works With Crayfish Presented In The Na- Cristo and Anna Di Cosmo. Freshwater Cray- tional Congress Of The Mexican Society Of fish Populations In The District Of Benevento Physiological Sciences (1969-1999). Pp. 45-51. (Campania Region, Italy): Distribution And Analysis Of Genetic Structure. Pp. 121-128. 3RD SECTION -- AQUACULTURE 15. Carlos Pedraza-Olvera, Arantxa López-Romero and Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita. Prelimi- 6. Edo D’Agaro and Domenico Lanari. Effects Of nary Studies Concerning Phenotype And Mo- Binders And Increasing Amounts Of Water Be- lecular Differences Among Freshwater Cray- fore Drying On Nutrient Leaching And Pellet fish From The Subgenus Procambarus Hardness In Crayfish Diets. Pp. 52-58. (Ortmannicus) In Sierra Gorda Biosphere Re- 7. Jay V. Huner and Jorge Espinoza. Effect Of serve, México. Pp. 129-139. Trap Inner Funnel Diameter On Crayfish Catch. (Continued on page 13) Pp. 59-69.

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(Continued from page 12) 24. Matthew Webb and Alastair Richardson. A Ra- dio Telemetry Study Of Movement In The Gi- 16. Mererid Howells and Fred Slater. Remnant ant Tasmanian Freshwater Crayfish, Astacopsis Populations Of Austropotamobius pallipes In gouldi. Pp. 197-204. Wales, UK: Counts, Causes, Cures And Conse- 25. James M. Furse and Clyde H. Wild. Laboratory quences. Pp. 140-146. moult increment, frequency, and growth in Euastacus sulcatus, the lamington spiny crayfish. 5TH SECTION -- PHYSIOLOGY AND ECO- Pp. 205-211. PHYSIOLOGY 26. Neville N. Villamar, James M. Furse and Clyde 17. Annalisa Paglianti, Giuseppe Messana and Fran- H. Wild. In-stream and terrestrial movements cesca Gherardi. Oxygen Consumption At Dif- of Euastacus sulcatus in the Gold Coast hinter- ferent Temperatures In YOY Crayfish: A Com- land: Developing and testing a method of ac- parison Between Indigenous And Invasive Spe- cessing freshwater crayfish movements. Pp. 212- cies. Pp. 147-152. 220. 18. Farca-Luna, J. Prieto-Sagredo, and M. L. Fanjul- Moles. Effect Of Photoperiod And Irradiance 7TH SECTION -- PARASITOLOGY Of 24 H Cycles On The Heart Rate And Venti- 27. Stuart R. Gelder. Endemic Ectosymbiotic Bran- lation Of The Crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Pp. chiobdellidans (Annelida: Clitellata) Reported 153-160. On Three “Export” Species Of North American 19. Patience Lindhjem and Brenton Knott. Lethal Crayfish (Crustacea: Astacoidea). Pp. 221-227. Salinity Of Juvenile Marron, Cherax cainii: Ef- 28. Brett F. Edgerton. Studies On The Susceptibil- fects Of Age. Pp. 161-164. ity Of The European White-Clawed Freshwater 20. Valery P. Fedotov, Sergey V. Kholodkevitch, Crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet), Anatoly G. Strochilo and Daria V. Safronova. To White Spot Syndrome Virus For Analysis Of Assessment Of The Adaptive Abilities Of Cray- The Likelihood Of Introduction And Impact fish During Early Ontogenesis By The Physio- On European Freshwater Crayfish Populations. logical Parameters Of Cardiac Activity. Pp. 165- Pp. 228-235. 170. 29. Clyde H. Wild and James M. Furse. The relation- 21. Beatriz Fuentes-Pardo and Jesús Hernández- ship between Euastacus sulcatus and Temnocephalan Falcón. Long-Chain Alcohols Reduce The Elec- spp. (Platyhelminthes) in the Gold Coast Hinter- trical Response Of Visual Photoreceptors In land, Queensland. Pp. 236-245. Crayfish. Pp. 171-179. 30. Brett F. Edgerton. Pathology of red claw, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens). Pp. 246- 6TH SECTION -- ECOLOGY 355. 22. Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita and Carlos TH Montes del Olmo. Population Dynamics Of Ju- 8 SECTION veniles Of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus FOURTEENTH SYMPOSIUM OF THE IAA clarkii) Under Controlled Conditions. Pp. 180- Short Communications — Abstracts of the 14th 189. Symposium Delegates. H 23. Alexandra Marçal Correia and Nuno Bandeira. Seasonal Availability Of Procambarus clarkii In Pedro J. Gutiérrez-Yurrita The Tejo River Basin, Portugal. Pp. 190-196. [email protected]

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Meetings & Conferences IAA16, GOLD COAST 2006 - MARCH 2005 IAA SPONSORS A CRAWFISH SPECIAL SES- UPDATE SION AT AQUACULTURE AMERICAN 2005 Greeting from the (still) sunny Gold Coast of Aquaculture America 2005, a conference hosted Queensland, and a short update for you all. by the United States Aquaculture Society, a chapter of The organization process for IAA16 is progress- the World Aquaculture Society (WAS), was held re- ing in accord with the plan, and we still intend that cently (January 17-20, 2005) in New Orleans, Louisi- IAA16 will commence in the first week of August ana. As part of the conference, a special session enti- 2006. Our artist is still working away on the confer- tled “Crawfish Culture in the USA” was organized by ence logo, and the cover of Freshwater Crayfish 16 (it Ray McClain and Robert Romaire, and consisted must be an artistic thing), however the design is look- of 8 presentations highlighting different aspects of ing fabulous, and will continue the fine tradition of crayfish culture interests in the USA. Mark Shirley, past volumes of Freshwater Crayfish: with a Queen- with the LSU AgCenter, opened the session with sland touch. “Status and Considerations for Marketing Crawfish in the USA” and was followed by Robert Romaire of The selection process of the venue for the confer- the LSU AgCenter with “Crawfish Culture in Forage ence is drawing to a close, and we expect to be mak- Based Monocropping Systems.” Ray McClain (LSU ing a final decision soon, there are so many venues AgCenter) followed with the presentation “Crawfish here on the Gold Coast and competition between Culture in Forage Based Rotational Cropping Sys- them all has been fierce: suits us fine! tems.” Lou D’Abramo, with Mississippi State Uni- We have been in contact with the South Queen- versity, concluded the first half with a presentation sland Crayfish Farmers Association. They have kindly entitled “Semi-Intensive Culture of the Red Swamp offered us access to some nearby, and superb, facili- Crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, in Earthen Ponds with- ties in order to view Aquaculture of Redclaw. There is out Planted Forage.” Arnie Eversole, of Clemson also local enthusiasm about the prospect of an Inter- University, began the second half of the session with national Aquaculture workshop prior to the main “Crayfish Culture in the Eastern Coast of the United event (perhaps like IAA13 in Perth?) and more on States,” followed by David Rouse (Auburn Univer- this closer to the time. Yes, in addition to some fine sity) speaking on “Aquaculture Prospectives of the Aussie beef, we have also organized a good supply of Australian Red Claw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.” Redclaw for the conference barbecue! Bill Daniels, also of Auburn University, spoke on The exact nature and destinations of the post con- “Considerations for Culture of Crawfish for the Bait ference tours have yet to be decided, but needless to Market.” Concluding the special session was Jay say there are many options. You will be hearing from Huner, with the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, us with increased frequency as time ticks by, until who provided some insight on “Greater Ecological then, take care. H Considerations in Crawfish Aquaculture.” The half-day special session provided an over- Regards and cheers, view of the current status of commercial crawfish James Furse, Clyde Wild and the IAA16 Team aquaculture in the USA and contained reviews of some investigative and ecological aspects relating to James M. Furse BSc (Hons) commercial exploitation. Manuscripts of each topic PhD Candidate: Freshwater Crustacean Ecology presented in this session will be collectively submitted School of Environmental and Applied Sciences to a respected journal for publication as a compen- Griffith University, Gold Coast dium of sorts. IAA was a sponsor of this special ses- PMB 50 GCMC, Bundall 9726, Queensland sion with a $500 USD contribution, which will be Australia used to help offset publication charges. Notification of pending publication will be posted in Crayfish Ph: (07) 5552 8050 H Fax: (07) 5552 8067 News. Mobile: 0414 532 709 Ray McClain E-Mail: [email protected] LSU AgCenter Crayfish News y Volume 27 Issue 1: Page 14

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forum flusskrebse Provisional program: A-9020 Klagenfurt, Bahnhofstraße 39/2 Tel. 0043-463-516614, Fax 0043-463-5166149 1 September 2005 PM Registration e-mail: [email protected] First part of lectures Welcome drink Internationale Flusskrebstagung 2 September 2005 AM Second part of lectures 1 - 4 September 2005 Lunch Baden, Schweiz PM Field trip ‚native species’ Conference dinner Regional crayfish meeting, 1 - 4 September 2005, in 3 September 2005 AM Third part of lectures Baden, Switzerland Lunch PM Roundtables Topics of the meeting: Assembly forum flusskrebse Biology and ecology of freshwater crayfish, measures 4 September 2005 AM Field trip ‚non native species’ and projects for the conservation of the native species, management of crayfish populations of native Contacts: and non native species. Dr. Thomas Stucki Language: Finanzdepartement Kanton Aargau, Abteilung Wald German will be the official language of the meeting. Sektion Jagd und Fischerei, Telli-Hochhaus, CH-5004 Aarau Location: Tel. +41 62 835 28 52; Fax +41 62 835 28 59 Hotel Blume, Kurplatz 4, CH-5400 Baden, Switzer- Mail: [email protected] land. Homepage: www.blume-baden.ch Homepage: www.ag.ch/jagd_fischerei

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(Continued from page 1) around three strands corresponding to the three indigenous crayfish present in Europe, their distribution being: Austropotamobius pallipes (western and southern Europe), considered as a threatened water quality bioindicator; Astacus astacus (northern Europe), which has a strong traditional and current fisheries value; and Austropotamobius torrentium (circum-alpine countries) a species whose status needs to be clarified (website: http://labo.univ- poitiers.fr/craynet). The CRAYNET meetings concentrate on cer- tain topics: monitoring in conservation and management of natives; interaction between natives and aliens; control of aliens; habitat restoration; reintro- tional borders, include our current thinking that duction and restocking; legislation; and education. crayfish are indeed surrogate species or heritage spe- CRAYNET is particularly concerned with the socio- cies, rather than narrow band water quality bioindi- cultural aspect when discussing and implementing cators. The fact that species complexes are imper- management and conservation strategies. The pro- fectly served under current legislative structures and ceedings from the meetings are published in the Bul- that controlled fishing may not be incompatible with letin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture (BFPP exploitation, is already understood by many anglers edited volumes are available-with only mailing fees- if re- and naturalists, but has yet to receive wider manage- quested to [email protected]) ment recognition. Crayfish play an important role as controllers of biodiversity as well as representing * The Irish meeting (Kilkenny, 2003) “The en- heritage value biodiversity in their own right. Educa- dangered native crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes : tion is of paramount importance, and so we are con- bioindicator and heritage species” initiated debates centrating on this through our website, and through about (1) what is a bioindicator, a flagship species or the preparation of educational materials ranging a heritage species ?; (2) the problem of species com- from the Atlas to information leaflets for the public. plexes and the need to clarify and resolve taxonomy before management; and (3) what is meant by biodi- ** available BFPP volume: REYNOLDS J., versity in the context of European crayfish? SOUTY-GROSSET C. 2003. The endangered native crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, bioindicator and heritage The topic “What is meant by biodiversity?” in species, volume 1, Bull. Fr. Pêche piscic., 370-371, 230p. the context of native freshwater crayfish in Europe is published in the BFPP volume: generally, the conservation of components of biological diversity, * As Norway, Sweden and Finland share impor- such as freshwater crayfish, produces benefits aris- tant cultural traditions associated with its exploita- ing from the protection of the aquatic environment tion, leading to price support, added value and con- and water resources, as well as from the mainte- servation of the precious stocks, the Norwegian nance of both food sources and cultural heritage: meeting (Halden, 2003) “European native, crayfish Austropotamobius palllipes is considered a flagship spe- with a special focus on Astacus astacus : linking socio- cies of patrimonial value. We do not yet know the economics and conservation ” involved roundtables various ecological tolerances of the different taxa, about (1) threats to indigenous population of cray- and consequently, assumptions about their value as fish at a landscape level; (2) exploitation, conserva- bioindicators of water quality cannot be sustained tion, legislation; (3) reintroduction of indigenous across the range without further research. Implica- crayfish, habitat restoration and monitoring ; and (4) tions for the recently adopted Water Framework the urgent need for joint research about pathology. Directive, which aims at having good quality surface Concerning Astacus astacus, the species is highly val- water across whole catchments regardless of na- (Continued on page 19)

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(Continued from page 18) eas at risk for crayfish plague will also be mapped. Each species and its habitats will be described and ued both from a recreational and economic point of past and actual distribution will be commented on. view and exploitation is a prerequisite for its conser- When all is done, this atlas will be especially useful to vation. As the greatest threat is the spread of crayfish scientists but also to regional or national environ- plague following the introduction of alien crayfish, if mental administrations or conservationist organisa- local people are allowed to catch and benefit from tions to implement action plans for crayfishes. this noble crayfish, this is the best protection against Socio-economic relevance and policy implica- illegal stocking of aliens. tions: Freshwater crayfish have both a defined mone- ** available BFPP volume: TAUGBOL T., SOUTY- tary and cultural value in Europe, particularly in the GROSSET C. 2004. European native crayfish with a spe- native genus Astacus, but also in the case of the estab- cial focus on Astacus astacus, linking socioeconomics and con- lished aliens Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus servation, volume 2, Bull. Fr. Pêche piscic., 372-373, 254p. clarkii. In terms of European crayfish, the clearest *Social benefits also follow, in terms of research, case may be made for use values of Astacus species, education, and recreation and were particularly dis- whose commercial harvest and associated value- cussed with legislation during the third meeting added tourism and heritage features may be impor- “European native crayfish in relation to land-use and tant supports to the local economy in northern habitat deterioration, with a special focus on Austro- Europe. CRAYNET has outlined the importance of potamobius torrentium (Innsbruck, 2004,) The aims public education for the effective conservation of were to identify the species protection programs, to native species: most current approaches to conserva- examine if legislation is working well in protecting tion focus on wide dissemination of information to vulnerable species, the state of advances about con- the public. However, specific educational pro- servation genetics and how to make progress in edu- grammes are mostly lacking for Austropotamobius palli- cation of the public. pes, which occurs in at least 19 countries of central and eastern Europe and often found outside Natura ** BFPP volume in press: FÜREDER L., SOUTY- 2000 protected sites. A coordinated series of re- GROSSET C. 2005. European native crayfish in relation to gional leaflets on its biology, role as environmental land-use and habitat deterioration, with a special focus on indicator and heritage importance is needed. A ques- Austropotamobius torrentium, volume 3, Bull. Fr. Pêche tionnaire on public awareness of crayfish across piscic. 376-377 Europe showed major regional differences. Scandina- The Atlas of Distribution of Crayfishes in vian countries, where crayfish are important eco- Europe: CRAYNET has also initiated a debate on nomically and socially, generally showed greatest the compilation of data on indigenous and non- public awareness, reinforced by easily available docu- indigenous crayfish (ICS and NICS) in Europe, un- mentation. Elsewhere, availability of information is der the initiative of David Holdich and Pierre Noël. patchy or non-existent. To generate awareness and Holdich (2002) provides an up-to-date overview of help counter loss of native stocks, basic information the distribution of ICS and NICS in Europe, but this should be accurate and widely available across is based only on an extensive literature search. Gov- Europe, both for decision-makers and the general ernment agencies, researchers, consultants should all public. Finally, a number of possible common Euro- be involved to obtain the most comprehensive pic- pean leaflets were identified, which could be trans- ture of crayfish distribution. The atlas, synthesizing lated into various languages, from the following top- all data up to 2004, will provide precise and up to ics: date information on the distribution of all the species • Identify your crayfish of crayfish living in Europe (indigenous or introduced). It will be an excellent tool to determine what • Statutory protection of European native crayfish countries or regions are concerned by the manage- species ment of these species. The atlas will provide histori- • Crayfish and biodiversity cal data that will inform us on recent changes of • Dealing with alien species these areas of distribution, highlighting places where conservation problems are especially significant. Ar- (Continued on page 20)

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(Continued from page 19) sures including poaching, over-fishing and degrading of water quality. In Scandinavia, A. astacus is highly • The facts about crayfish plague – how you can valued both from recreational and economic point help of view: exploitation is thus a prerequisite for its • Monitoring native crayfish conservation and social benefits are in terms of research, education and recreation. In western Europe, • Conservation approaches for native crayfish A. pallipes and A. torrentium are conserved for their cultural value as flagship species for the environ- During CRAYNET conference in Firenze (Italy, mental quality. Through CRAYNET, appropriate 2-7 May) “European crayfish as heritage species protocols are developed for management actions, linking research and management strategies to con- which can be tested and further refined. To generate servation and socioeconomic development”, the awareness and help counter loss of native stocks, state of advancement about Atlas and common basic information should be accurate and widely guidelines for the conservation of indigenous cray- available across Europe, both for decision-makers, fish as heritage species will be discussed. The Flor- policy-makers and the general public ence conference will summarize the most relevant themes discussed in the previous CRAYNET con- Catherine Souty-Grosset ferences, such as the status of European endangered CRAYNET Project Coordinator crayfish species, the research activities conducted so http://labo.univ-poitiers.fr/craynet far, and the management options adopted by the UMRCNRS6556 European countries. These purposes will be Génétique et Biologie des Populations de Crustacés achieved through interdisciplinary discussion focus- 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau ing on general issues related to freshwater biodiver- F-86022 Poitiers Cedex sity and its conservation. To this end, the conference http://labo.univ-poitiers.fr/umr6556 will gather European and extra-European crayfish [email protected] researchers together with ecologists, economists, geneticists, historians of science, managers, and zoologists. A relevant addendum of the CRAYNET CRAYNET Core members : Julian Reynolds conference will be the two-day International Work- (U.K), Francesca Gherardi (Italy), Ralf Schulz shop “Biological invasions in inland wa- (Germany), Lennart Edsman (Sweden), Leopold ters” (InWat), held under the auspices of ISSG Füreder (Austria), Trond Taugbol (Norway), (IUCN), UZI, and Italian Ministry of Environment, David Holdich (U.K.), Przemyslaw Smietana and sponsored by “Ente Cassa di Risparmio di (Poland), Ari Manonnen (Finland) & Jose Carral Firenze” and several Provinces of Regione Toscana. (Spain). Through the analysis of empirical cases from diverse freshwater ecosystems, the Workshop will aim at finding the necessary basis for a quantification of the costs (ecological, economic, and social) of biological invasions and for an improvement of controls of aquatic nuisance species.

** Proceedings in BFPP will be available end 2005

To conclude, the conservation of components of biological diversity, such as freshwater crayfish, produces benefits arising from the protection of the aquatic environment and water resources, as well as from the maintenance of either food sources or cultural heritage. Freshwater crayfishes have both a defined monetary and cultural value in Europe; the loss of populations is well amplified by human pres-

Crayfish News y Volume 27 Issue 1: Page 20

Websites of Interest to Astacologists Hi All, from the db), please send them on to me at the e- I just wanted to let the astacology community mail address below and I'll add them to the data- know that I have created a online searchable litera- base. (For example, do an author search for ture database for crayfish. It is still a bit crude at this 'Fetzner' ). point (no wildcard search strings, etc.), and our The database search page can be accessed at server is a little slow, but hopefully you will find it a http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/cfref/ useful resource. I plan to update the search func- For additional information and status updates, see tions sometime over the next few months. http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/phpbb2/ H The database currently contains over 17,400 cita- index.php tions. However, I am sure that there are many references I have overlooked, especially more recent ones James Fetzner (post 1987), so if you find that there are some miss- Visiting Assistant Curator ing, please let me know (send me full citations) so I Section of Invertebrate Zoology can keep the database current. Also, I would like to Carnegie Museum of Natural History make PDFs of references available for download as 4400 Forbes Avenue well, so if you have PDFs of your own personal pub- Pittsburgh, PA 15213-4080 lications (or any others that are currently missing [email protected]

and Reinhard Pekny. The site was launched last year and contains some amazing images of different species from around the world. You can access this site by pointing your web browser to A new website devoted to crayfish (and crustaceans http://www.crusta10.de/. H in general) has been developed by Chris Lukhaup

(Continued from page 22) were <2% of the material removed by crayfish. Abstract 4. Damage occurred with or without uprooting of 1. The red-swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is the plants, but the incidence of uprooting with- an invasive species and an important pest of out consumption was low (1.4%). wet-seeded rice fields (Oryza sativa) in Califor- 5. Consumption of recently developed parts of the nia (U.S.A.) and in Portugal. Our work quanti- rice plant was the main cause of damage and fies rice consumption and non-consumptive the observed effect was stronger on 6-day-old destruction and identifies the types of direct than on 3-day-old seedlings. Seedlings were damage inflicted by crayfish. more affected by crayfish than were seeds. 2. The following fractions were quantified in the 6. Crayfish affected the majority of seeds and seed- presence and absence of crayfish and at 3 and lings available although consumption was low: 6 days of rice development: (1) non- 0.015 g dry weight (DW) rice g)1 wet weight germinated seeds, (2) damaged seeds, (3) seeds (WW) crayfish per 12 h at 3 days and 0.063 g not recovered, (4) intact rooted seedlings, (5) DW rice g)1 WW crayfish per 12 h at 6 days. rooted damaged seedlings, (6) uprooted intact 7. Our results are important for the mitigation of seedlings, (7) uprooted damaged seedlings. crayfish related problems in rice fields and for 3. Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) frag- understanding the mechanisms of crayfish- ments produced during the feeding process macrophyte interactions.

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Literature of Interest to Astacologists Anastacio, P.M., Correia, A.M., Menino, J.P. (2005). crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus ). Abzian Magazine, 5: Processes and patterns of plant destruction by 15-21. [Full paper in Persian]. crayfish: effects of crayfish size and developmen- Noveyri, B.S. (1997). Length-length and length- tal stages of rice. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 162: 37- weight relationship in Astacus leptodactylus in An- 51. zali region. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 6: 9- Trontelj, P., Machino, J., Sket, B. (2005). 18. [Full paper in persian, Abstract in English]. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships Hosseinpour, S.N., Karimpour, M. (1999). A prelimi- in the crayfish genus Austropotamobius inferred nary study on fecundity of freshwater crayfish from mitochondrial COI gene sequences. (Astacus leptodactylus) in Arass water resrvoir. Ira- Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34: 212–226. nian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 1: 1-9. [Full paper Vogt, G., Tolley, L. (2004). Brood care in freshwater in English]. crayfish and relationship with the offspring’s sen- Karimpour, M., Hosseinpour, S.N. (2000). Length sory deficiencies. Journal of Morphology, 262: 566- frequency, sex ratio and relative abundance 582. (CPUE ) of Astacus leptodactylus in Arass reser- ARTICLES ON BULGARIAN CRAYFISH voir. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9: 49-64. [Full paper in Persian, Abstract in English]. Hubenova, T., Zaikov, A., Vassileva P. (2004). Untersuchungen uber die Fleischmenge beim Paydar, M., Fazeli, M.S., Riahi, A.R. (2003). Determi- Sumpfkrebs (Astacus leptodactylus Esch.). Fischer nation of heavy metal content in Astacus leptodacty- und Teichwirt, 6: 690-691. lus in Anzali lagoon. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Hubenova, T., Vasileva, P., Zaikov, A. (2004). Egg Sciences, 12: 1-14. [Full paper in Persian, abstract size and its dependence on some exterior features in English]. in female crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Esch. Ann. Karimpour, M., Khanipour, A.A., Taghavi, S.A. of SU. Faculty of Biology, book 1 Zoology, 95: 37-44. (2004). Some biological aspects of Caspian Sea Vasileva, P., Hubenova, T., Zaikov, A. (2004). crayfish Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in Anzali Morphometric characteristics and sexual coastal zone. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13: dimorphism of matured narrow-clawed crayfish 129-148. [Full paper in Persian, Abstract (Astacus leptoodactylus Esch.) from Kardzhali in English]. artifical lake. Ann. of SU. Faculty of Biology, book 1 Zoology, 95: 45-56. Karimpour, M., Khanipour, A.A., Taghavi, S.A. Zaikov, A., Hubenova, T., Vasileva, P. (2004). (2004). Comparative study of Opera House traps Comparative study on methods for with Funnel traps for catching Astacus leptoducty- determination of meat quantity in narrow-clawed lus in Arass water reservoir. Iranian Journal of Fish- crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Esch. Journal of Animal eries Sciences, 13: 38-54. [Full paper in Persian, Ab- Science, ХLI, 3: 40-42. stract in English]. Hubenova, T., Vasiuleva, P., Zaikov, A. (2004). Study on spermatogenesis of narrow-clawed crayfish RECOMMENDED PAPER Astacus leptodactylus Esch. reared in carp ponds. Anastacio, P.M., Parente V.S., Correia, A.M. IMAR Journal of Animal Science, ХLI, 3: 43-49. – Institute of Marine Research, c/o Departamento Zaikov, A. Hubenova, T., Karanikolov, J. (2004). Ef- de Ecologia, Universidade de Évora, Portugal, Uni- fect of body weight and sex for shelters in ma- versidade de Lisboa, Museu Nacional de História tured narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Natural, Museu Bocage, Centro de Biologia Ambien- Esch. Journal of Animal Science, ХLI, 3: 50-53. tal, Lisboa, Portugal.

ARTICLES ON IRANIAN CRAYFISH Crayfish effects on seeds and seedlings: identification Karimpour, M., Hosseinpour, S. N., Haghighi, D. and quantification of damage. Freshwater Biology (1993). Some biological survey of Anzali lagoon (2005) 50: 697–704. (Continued on page 21)

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