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“Origin of the Medellin Cartel and Current Influences” By UNIDAD EDUCATIVA PARTICULAR JAVIER BACHILLERATO GENERAL UNIFICADO “ORIGIN OF THE MEDELLIN CARTEL AND CURRENT INFLUENCES” BY: Sebastian Andrade ADVISOR: Ms. Mario Cadena 3rd BGU - Section: B 2017 – 2018 GRATITUDE First I want to thank God that I feel that he has guided me throughout my life and has helped me in the most difficult moments, I also want to thank my parents who are undoubtedly the most important thing in my life and have always supported me in all decisions that I have made. People who have also made an impact on me, are my teachers, I thank them for giving me their knowledge and teachings that have served me throughout my life, thanks to their guidance I was able to achieve several goals, including the realization of my monograph. i SUMMARY The Medellin Cartel was a group led by Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria and made up of several internationally recognized drug traffickers. This group was well known by society as the top seller of drugs of that time, especially cocaine. His maximum leader, in this case Pablo Escobar, tried for a while to get involved in politics and pretended to be a good person with the people, for example, he gave money to the poor, he built many houses for a whole town and offered an illegal work to adolescents, but they accepted it even though they had to kill people because it was the only way to support their families. Colombia lived a hell under the command of Pablo Escobar, because by the simple fact that they did not obey him, he sent assassins to kill thousands of innocent people, he also carried out several bomb attacks in many cities, he was looking for the government to obey him, that the country was surrendered at his feet and that the police are frightened and didn’t capture him. This entire event ended in 1993, when Pablo Escobar was killed by the police, from that moment Colombia returned to have peace. ii INDEX GRATITUDE ...................................................................................................................................... i SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ ii INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ iii INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 Chapter I .............................................................................................................................................2 1.1 How did the Medellin cartel originated? ..............................................................................2 1.2 Who was the one who started the organization of this cartel? .............................................2 1.3 Who integrated it? ................................................................................................................4 1.4 What did they do? ................................................................................................................5 1.5 The top leader ......................................................................................................................6 Chapter II ...........................................................................................................................................8 2.1 Negative consequences ........................................................................................................8 2.1.1 Society aspects that were affected................................................................................8 2.2 Positive consequences ..........................................................................................................9 2.2.1 Benefits for society ......................................................................................................9 2.3 Changes produced for the Colombian people ......................................................................9 2.4 Relation with politics ........................................................................................................ 11 2.4.1 Was it directly related to politics? ............................................................................. 11 Chapter III ....................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Survey application in Unidad Educativa Javier ................................................................ 14 3.2 Survey results .................................................................................................................... 16 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 28 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 29 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 30 iii INTRODUCTION This issue in my opinion has a great impact on society, which is why this research is of great importance since it reveals details and very accurate data to what the world lived about three decades ago. The society of today is very influenced with respect to what happened at that time, because many people take it as a good thing and as an example to follow, that is why it is important to make known that the reality is different and that the only thing that cause this issue, which is drug trafficking, are major problems worldwide. With this I do not seek eradicate drug trafficking, but to change people's thinking, and show them that this "business" does not cause any kind of positive consequences on. This study is very important because when revealing the facts of why drug trafficking does not do anything good, people will take another attitude about what happens and we will begin to notice a change. Several research methods have been carried out, such as the interview or the survey that help us see what people think about the influence of drug trafficking in today's society. This is a very big problem because it affects us and changes the way people think and believe that drug trafficking is something positive and generates good things for the world, but they do not realize the reality, that it only generates violence, losses of relatives and many dead people, and all this in exchange for dirty money obtained from the purchase and sale of drugs. 1 Chapter I Origin 1.1 How did the Medellin cartel originated? The Medellin cartel started in 1976, when groups of Peru began to associate with small groups of drug trafficking in Colombia, Peru had the raw and Colombia the processing. This type of business was perfect for Pablo Escobar, who, with his cunning, revolutionized the world of drug trafficking. He met many people, and only those that provided help or who were of real confidence could belong to the cartel. And that was how little by little the Medellin cartel was founded. 1.2 Who was the one who started the organization of this cartel? Carlos Enrique Lehder Rivas was a Colombian prisoner and former drug dealer, co- founder of the Medellin cartel. His father was German and his mother was Colombian, Lehder Rivas has German nationality. Carlos Lehder was also a founding member of Death Abductors, a paramilitary group whose objective was to retaliate against the kidnappings of cartel members and their families. He was one of the most important operators of the same, and was considered 2 one of the most important Colombian drug traffickers. Lehder started out as a stolen car dealer, a marijuana dealer and a dealer of stolen cars from the United States and Canada. While he was serving a sentence for theft of automobiles at the federal prison in Danbury, Connecticut, Lehder decided to take advantage of the growing market for cocaine in the United States after his release. Therefore he hired, the former distributor of marijuana George Jung, as a future partner. Jung had experience smuggling marijuana to the United States from Mexico in small aircraft, staying below radar level and landing on dry Lake beds. Inspired by the idea, Lehder decided to transport cocaine and formed a partnership with Jung. While he was in prison, he devoted himself learning as much as possible information that could be useful in the cocaine business. Lehder sometimes even spent hours asking other prisoners about money laundering and smuggling. George Jung would have said that Lehder kept countless records and constantly taking notes. “They were not always working for an organization and also found cases of mules free-lance who ventured into the business, to then find a way to sell the cocaine in the United States.” (Rovner, 2011, p.105-126) 3 Lehder began the transfer of large amounts of cocaine with small private planes, which flew low and were not detected by radars. 1.3 Who integrated it? At the head of the Medellin cartel was Pablo Escobar together with Gonzalo Rodriguez, but who really took the initiative to create this group was Carlos Lehder, just that he was naive and had no control that Pablo had and therefore failed to be the leader of the group role. This cartel was also formed by the Ochoa brothers, Fabio, Juan David and Jorge Luis. Also, part of this cartel was Roberto Escobar, Pablo’s brother, who wasn’t very close to him in the business of drug trafficking, but then began to lose their
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