Positional Behavior of Black-Handed Spider Monkeys (Ateles Geoffroyi
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Development and the Evolvability of Human Limbs
Development and the evolvability of human limbs Nathan M. Younga,1, Günter P. Wagnerb, and Benedikt Hallgrímssonc aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06405; and cDepartment of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N4N1 Edited* by David Pilbeam, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved December 29, 2009 (received for review October 14, 2009) The long legs and short arms of humans are distinctive for a fore- and hindlimb modules was reduced, leading to a higher primate, the result of selection acting in opposite directions on degree of variational independence of limb size and shape. Our each limb at different points in our evolutionary history. This model predicts that selection for independent function of the mosaic pattern challenges our understanding of the relationship limbs should lead to alterations to limb covariational structure. of development and evolvability because limbs are serially homol- Specifically, humans and apes would be predicted to exhibit ogous and genetic correlations should act as a significant con- decreased phenotypic correlations between fore- and hindlimb straint on their independent evolution. Here we test a compared to quadrupeds. If decreases in integration between developmental model of limb covariation in anthropoid primates fore- and hindlimb are a product of selection for more inde- and demonstrate that both humans and apes exhibit significantly pendent function of limbs, then the timing of any change in reduced integration between limbs when compared to quadrupe- integration has implications for the reconstruction of ancestral dal monkeys. -
Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus Diadema And
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Spring 5-15-2017 Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar Lana Kerker Oliver Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Oliver, Lana Kerker, "Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict Nature Reserve, Madagascar" (2017). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1134. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1134 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Anthropology Dissertation Examination Committee Crickette Sanz, Chair Kari Allen Benjamin Z. Freed Jane Phillips-Conroy David Strait Mrinalini Watsa Coexistence of Confamilial, Folivorous Indriids, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri, at Betampona Strict -
For Peer Review
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Page 1 of 57 Journal of Morphology provided by Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa 1 2 3 Title: The locomotion of Babakotia radofilai inferred from epiphyseal and diaphyseal 4 5 6 morphology of the humerus and femur. 7 8 9 Damiano Marchi1,2*, Christopher B. Ruff3, Alessio Capobianco, 1,4, Katherine L. Rafferty5, 10 11 Michael B. Habib6, Biren A. Patel2,6 12 13 14 1 15 Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 56126 16 17 2 18 Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South 19 20 Africa, WITS 2050 For Peer Review 21 22 23 3 Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of 24 25 26 Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21111 27 28 4 29 Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy, 56126 30 31 5 32 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 33 34 35 98195 36 37 6 38 Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern 39 40 California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 41 42 43 Text pages: 28; Bibliography pages: 9; Figures: 6; Tables: 6 Appendices: 1 44 45 46 Running title: Babakotia radofilai postcranial suspensory adaptations 47 48 49 *Corresponding author: 50 51 52 Damiano Marchi 53 54 55 56 Address: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Derna, 1 - ZIP 56126, Pisa - Italy 57 58 59 Ph: +39 050 2211350; Fax: +39 050 2211475 60 1 John Wiley & Sons Journal of Morphology Page 2 of 57 1 2 3 Email: [email protected] -
Orangutan Positional Behavior and the Nature of Arboreal Locomotion in Hominoidea Susannah K.S
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 000:000–000 (2006) Orangutan Positional Behavior and the Nature of Arboreal Locomotion in Hominoidea Susannah K.S. Thorpe1* and Robin H. Crompton2 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK 2Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK KEY WORDS Pongo pygmaeus; posture; orthograde clamber; forelimb suspend ABSTRACT The Asian apes, more than any other, are and orthograde compressive locomotor modes are ob- restricted to an arboreal habitat. They are consequently an served more frequently. Given the complexity of orangu- important model in the interpretation of the morphological tan positional behavior demonstrated by this study, it is commonalities of the apes, which are locomotor features likely that differences in positional behavior between associated with arboreal living. This paper presents a de- studies reflect differences in the interplay between the tailed analysis of orangutan positional behavior for all age- complex array of variables, which were shown to influence sex categories and during a complete range of behavioral orangutan positional behavior (Thorpe and Crompton [2005] contexts, following standardized positional mode descrip- Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 127:58–78). With the exception tions proposed by Hunt et al. ([1996] Primates 37:363–387). of pronograde suspensory posture and locomotion, orang- This paper shows that orangutan positional behavior is utan positional behavior is similar to that of the African highly complex, representing a diverse spectrum of posi- apes, and in particular, lowland gorillas. This study sug- tional modes. Overall, all orthograde and pronograde sus- gests that it is orthogrady in general, rather than fore- pensory postures are exhibited less frequently in the pres- limb suspend specifically, that characterizes the posi- ent study than previously reported. -
University of Illinois
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 3 MAY THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Leahanne M, Sarlo Functional Anatomy and Allometry in the Shoulder of ENTITLED........................................................ Suspensory Primates IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF. BACHELOR OF ARTS LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES 0-1M4 t « w or c o w n w Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1 Dafinibon*..................................................................................................................................... 2 fFunctional m ivw w iiw irwbaola am foriwi irviiiiHbimanual iw 9 jrvafwooaitiona! Vf aai irwbahavlort iiHviw i# in thaahoukter joint complex......................................................................................3 nyvootiua pooioonaiaA^^AlttAAMAl oanainor................................................................................... i4 *4 -TnoOV a awmang.a Ia M AM JI* nwoo—U^AtkA^AA i (snDBDfllluu)/AuMyAlftAlAnAH |At AkJA^AAtlA•wwacwai* |A .............. 4ia i -Tho lar gibbon: KM obate* ]|£.................................................................................15 ANomatry.......................................................................................................................................16 Material* and matooda.....................................................................................................19 -
The Effects of Habitat Disturbance on the Populations of Geoffroy's Spider Monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula
The Effects of Habitat Disturbance on the Populations of Geoffroy’s Spider Monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula PhD thesis Denise Spaan Supervisor: Filippo Aureli Co-supervisor: Gabriel Ramos-Fernández August 2017 Instituto de Neuroetología Universidad Veracruzana 1 For the spider monkeys of the Yucatan Peninsula, and all those dedicated to their conservation. 2 Acknowledgements This thesis turned into the biggest project I have ever attempted and it could not have been completed without the invaluable help and support of countless people and organizations. A huge thank you goes out to my supervisors Drs. Filippo Aureli and Gabriel Ramos- Fernández. Thank you for your guidance, friendship and encouragement, I have learnt so much and truly enjoyed this experience. This thesis would not have been possible without you and I am extremely proud of the results. Additionally, I would like to thank Filippo Aureli for all his help in organizing the logistics of field work. Your constant help and dedication to this project has been inspiring, and kept me pushing forward even when it was not always easy to do so, so thank you very much. I would like to thank Dr. Martha Bonilla for offering me an amazing estancia at the INECOL. Your kind words have encouraged and inspired me throughout the past three years, and have especially helped me to get through the last few months. Thank you! A big thank you to Drs. Colleen Schaffner and Jorge Morales Mavil for all your feedback and ideas over the past three years. Colleen, thank you for helping me to feel at home in Mexico and for all your support! I very much look forward to continue working with all of you in the future! I would like to thank the CONACYT for my PhD scholarship and the Instituto de Neuroetología for logistical, administrative and financial support. -
A Comparative Analysis of the Wrist and Ankle Morphology of Hominoids and Lorisids, with Implications for the Evolution of Hominoid Locomotion
Durham E-Theses A comparative analysis of the wrist and ankle morphology of hominoids and lorisids, with implications for the evolution of hominoid locomotion Read, Catriona S. How to cite: Read, Catriona S. (2001) A comparative analysis of the wrist and ankle morphology of hominoids and lorisids, with implications for the evolution of hominoid locomotion, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3775/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 A Comparative Analysis of the Wrist and Ankle Morphology of Hominoids and Lorisids, with Implications for the Evolution of Hominoid Locomotion A Dissertation presented by Catriona S. Read to The Graduate School For the degree of Master of Science m Biological Anthropology Department of Anthropology University of Durham September 2001 The co11yright of this thesis rests with the author. -
Functional Integration of the Hominin Forelimb by Marisa Elena Macias
Functional Integration of the Hominin Forelimb by Marisa Elena Macias Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Steven E. Churchill, Supervisor ___________________________ Katherine R. Saul ___________________________ Daniel O. Schmitt ___________________________ Christine E. Wall Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 ABSTRACT Functional Integration of the Hominin Forelimb by Marisa Elena Macias Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Steven E. Churchill, Supervisor ___________________________ Katherine R. Saul ___________________________ Daniel O. Schmitt ___________________________ Christine E. Wall An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2015 Copyright by Marisa Elena Macias 2015 Abstract During the last six million years, humans shifted from a primarily arboreal lifestyle to a habitually bipedal, terrestrial lifestyle. Australopithecus had a significant bipedal component to its locomotion; whether suspensory and climbing behaviors were also important has remained unclear. Morphological features of the forelimb have been linked to locomotor differences among primates, but the interpretation of human fossils has remained problematic. This dissertation examines the total morphological pattern of the forelimb, specifically the functional integration of the musculature and joint systems. This approach employs both geometric morphometrics and a biomechanical modeling approach to study how and how well the forelimb morphology of living suspensory and quadrupedal primates, as well as humans and fossil hominins, accommodates climbing and suspensory locomotion. -
The Spider Monkey Cloudbridge Nature Reserve - Nature Notes No
The Spider Monkey Cloudbridge Nature Reserve - Nature Notes No. 28 Cloudbridge offers a habitat for the Central American Spider Monkey, Ateles geoffroyi, a Central American primate with some unique characteristics. Though diurnal, they are often heard rather than seen as they move in groups of 3 to 5 within and between trees, usually high in the canopy. They have pink hairless faces and reddish- brown bodies with long dark limbs. (They are easily distinguished from the only other species of primate found in the area, the Capuchin: the latter has a white neck area.) Legs: 5. Thumbs: 0. This monkey's most distinctive physical feature is a long, prehensile tail that functions as a fifth limb. The spider monkey reputedly has the stron- gest and most agile prehensile tail of any mammal on earth. Their arms are long and muscular, as are their fingers. Strangely, they have no thumbs. An X-ray of their hands reveals a mere vestige of the thumb bones. All these features are adaptations to their lifestyle of swinging from branch to branch and tree to tree in search of forest fruit, their principal diet. Since fruit may be scarce and seasonal, spider monkeys require large areas of habitat. It is encouraging to discover this endangered species at Cloud- bridge, foraging as they move from tree to tree. Their presence is no doubt due in part to this reserve being adjacent to the extensive Chirripo National Park. Ateles geoffroyi, Lifestyles of the High and Mighty the central american spider monkey Spider monkeys have been spotted in several locations on Cloudbridge, including Cloudbridge North, the Pizote Trail, Gavilan and even from the porch of The Casa. -
Central American Spider Monkey Ateles Geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820: Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321428630 Central American Spider Monkey Ateles geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820: Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador... Chapter · December 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 18 7 authors, including: Pedro Guillermo Mendez-Carvajal Gilberto Pozo-Montuy Fundacion Pro-Conservacion de los Primates… Conservación de la Biodiversidad del Usuma… 13 PUBLICATIONS 24 CITATIONS 32 PUBLICATIONS 202 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Connectivity of priority sites for primate conservation in the Zoque Rainforest Complex in Southeastern Mexico View project Regional Monitoring System: communitarian participation in surveying Mexican primate’s population (Ateles and Alouatta) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Gilberto Pozo-Montuy on 01 December 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. -
Fleagle and Lieberman 2015F.Pdf
15 Major Transformations in the Evolution of Primate Locomotion John G. Fleagle* and Daniel E. Lieberman† Introduction Compared to other mammalian orders, Primates use an extraordinary diversity of locomotor behaviors, which are made possible by a complementary diversity of musculoskeletal adaptations. Primate locomotor repertoires include various kinds of suspension, bipedalism, leaping, and quadrupedalism using multiple pronograde and orthograde postures and employing numerous gaits such as walking, trotting, galloping, and brachiation. In addition to using different locomotor modes, pri- mates regularly climb, leap, run, swing, and more in extremely diverse ways. As one might expect, the expansion of the field of primatology in the 1960s stimulated efforts to make sense of this diversity by classifying the locomotor behavior of living primates and identifying major evolutionary trends in primate locomotion. The most notable and enduring of these efforts were by the British physician and comparative anatomist John Napier (e.g., Napier 1963, 1967b; Napier and Napier 1967; Napier and Walker 1967). Napier’s seminal 1967 paper, “Evolutionary Aspects of Primate Locomotion,” drew on the work of earlier comparative anatomists such as LeGros Clark, Wood Jones, Straus, and Washburn. By synthesizing the anatomy and behavior of extant primates with the primate fossil record, Napier argued that * Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University † Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University 257 You are reading copyrighted material published by University of Chicago Press. Unauthorized posting, copying, or distributing of this work except as permitted under U.S. copyright law is illegal and injures the author and publisher. fig. 15.1 Trends in the evolution of primate locomotion. -
Neotropical Primates 17(1)
48 Neotropical Primates 25(1), December 2019 Wallace, R. B., Martinez, J., López-Strauss, H., Barreta, biogeographical, ecological and even anthropological driv- J., Reinaga, A., and López, L. 2013. Conservation chal- ers of this discontinuous distribution are still unknown. lenges facing two threatened endemic titi monkeys in a naturally fragmented Bolivian forest. In: Primates in fragments: complexity and resilience, L. K. Marsh, and C. A. Chapman (eds.), pp.493–501. Springer Science, New York. Wolovich, C. K., and Evans, S. 2007. Sociosexual behav- ior and chemical communication of Aotus nancymaae. Int. J. Primatol. 28: 1299–1313. Zito, M., Evans, S., and Weldon, P. J. 2003. Owl mon- keys (Aotus spp.) self-anoint with plants and millipedes. Folia Primatol. 74: 159–161. GEOGRAPHICAL AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE EXTENSION OF WHITE-BELLIED SPIDER MON- Figure 1. Geographical distribution of Ateles belzebuth (IUCN KEYS (ATELES BELZEBUTH) IN THE NORTH- 2019). Shadow denotes reported populations and grey symbol ERN ANDES OF COLOMBIA denotes the northern population newly registered in this study. Victoria Andrea Barrera The white-bellied spider monkey is classified as Endan- Camila Valdés Cardona gered by the IUCN Red List (Link et al., 2019) mainly Luisa Mesa due to the loss of habitat and the estimated reduction of its Sebastian Nossa populations during the last decades. The demographic dy- Andrés Link namics of white-bellied spider monkeys have been studied in the Ecuadorian and Colombian Amazon (Shimooka et Introduction al., 2008; Link et al. 2018) and it is clear that they have one of the slowest development cycles amongst living primates, The geographic distribution of white-bellied spider mon- with extended periods of infancy and sexual immaturity keys (Ateles belzebuth) has been debated extensively, and (Link et al., 2018).