IoT Activities and Opportunities for Collaboration
Joel S. Marciano, Jr.
Professor and Director Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute University of the Philippines - Diliman Outline
Introduction
The University of the Philippines
The UP Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute
RFID activities in UP
The Philippines as a testbed for IoT in the Environment
Senslope
ANOD • Established in 1908 • 12 campuses in the archipelago • 50,000 students The UP EEE Institute
• Bachelor of Science – Computer Engineering – Electrical Engineering – Electronics and Communications Engineering • Master of Engineering in EE • Master of Science in EE – Power, Computer and Communications, Instrumentation and Control, Microelectronics • PhD in Electrical and Electronics Engineering • Doctor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering • 1,200 students The UP EEE Institute
45 faculty members 35 full-time: 29 on active duty; 6 on PhD study leave abroad 12 PhD; 23 MS;10 teaching associates Solar and Ambient Radio Power Modules for WISP Applications
Dexter Alvaro S. Andino, Jerome R. Rodriguez, and Jennifer S. Uy Wireless Communications Engineering Laboratory (WCEL) Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines {dexteralvaroandino, jeromerrodriguez}@gmail.com, [email protected]
Abstract—As technology now allows the production of low-power integrated circuit and a demodulator at the least, both of which electronic components, it becomes viable to run electronic are operated using the small amount of energy harvested from circuits purely on the minute amount of energy harvestable from an interrogating RFID reader. The Wireless Identification and sources such as the sun and ambient radio waves. By devising a Sensing Platform (WISP) developed in [1] is a sensor module method to harvest energy from the mentioned sources, this whose operation is very similar to that of an RFID tag, and is project aims to present power capacity improvements to the also capableIoT of performing siActivitiesmple computing tasks. WISP, a wireless sensing module rooted on RFID principles. The project involved the design and fabrication of two separate By introducing a secondary energy harvester to the WISP power harvesting modules. Each resulting harvester functions as module, the load on the WISP’s main harvester is greatly a secondary power source, supporting a humidity sensor wired to decreased. This allows it to operate autonomously for longer a WISP which is programmed to function as a data-logger. The periods of time. Reserving the harvester for exclusive sensor secondary harvesters were able to harvest enough energy to use also allows thein WISP t o bUPe interfaced -witEEEh sensors which theoretically sustain a sampling rate of one humidity reading for require higher power ratings. every 15 minutes using a 660 uW humidity sensor. The actual time required is yet to be tested in future tests. The WISP’s primary harvester supposedly runs out of power Figure 1. Project diagram. RFIDAnother Researchformap porfox iemnatereglyy 24 t hhoatur iwithss frgoamr ntheer ifin rgIntels t irnetaedriengs,t aifte nWISP rt hweh ich the Energy flow DZUP Data flow energy research WIcoSmP mmusnt itbye eisx poasmedb iteo natn raRdFiIoD rpeoawdeer r si(AgnaRl Pto). r esume 1602 The project involved the design, fabrication, and testing of ARP comes frohymg rsoimgnetaerls o pebrroataiodn.ca Nsto abcyti vete polevwiesri oinputn asn adr er raedquiior ed for two separate harvesters. The first harvester, referred to as the the secondary harvesters as long as their respective sources are stations, as wellavai as labcellel. sites and wireless access points. It is solar harvester, employs solar energy as a primary energy usually very small in magnitude compared to the amount of This paper highlights the concepts and methods used in ARP Solar power source while the second harvester, referred to as the ARP solar energy harcovenststarubctlein gu sithne gh asorvestlarers, pa anse wlsel, l baus texp ofectfeedr a resu vialtbs lfero m the harvester, employs radio power. The ARP harvester gathers way to “recycle”pe bndiroangd cWIasStP e dneemrgonys tirnatoio na s tfuodrym. that can be used energy from DZUP 1602 kHz whose AM transmission tower is to power electronic gadgets. The authors of [2] were able to ARP sensor sensor ARP roughly 740 m away from the project’s test site. Each harvester demonstrate the use of ARP to pI.o we IrNT aRnODUC LCTDION a nd several harvester harvester is connected to each of two humidity sensors interfaced to sensors using eneAsrg yt odfaryo’ms soac ietnye alerabnys totrwaanrsmds iassi moonr e teonwvierorn ment- separate WISPs. The performance of each harvester was broadcasting telefrviiesnidolny sliigfenstayllse., it becomes crucial to identify new ways WISP RF uC uC WISP RF gauged by the sampling rate at which it is able to provide through which energy can be obtained and used efficiently. harvester harvester One way this can be achieved is through the use of energy sufficient power for the sensor. The WISP’s microcontroller B. Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform gathers data from the sensor and performs switching tasks harvesters. The idea behind such devices is that in a typical WISP/Reader environment, there exists a significant amount of ambient communication necessary for power management. energy which can be skimmed out and used to power various
gadgets. It presents an energy source that is free and efficient in RF Power The success of this project will open opportunities for new the sense that it uses up energy that is otherwise left unused in RF Power WISP applications, as well as contribute to the spread of ARP space. as a viable power source for low-power electronics. One of the main reasons energy harvesters were not popular decades ago lies in the fact that back then, technology was not Hyperterminal yet advanced enough to allow us to make electronic and II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK postprocessin components that run on very little power. With the availability g of this technology came the feasibility of using energy A. Energy Harvesting harvesting methods as a primary power source for electronics. Alien ALR-9800 RFID reader Energy harvesting typically refers to the gathering and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a good example storing of energy from ambient sources such as the sun, wind, of a new technology that employs power harvesting as a mechanical vibrations, and heat. Although the energy primary power source. A typical RFID tag conta ins an humidity readings generated through such methods is generally much lower than Figure 3. The WISP. that obtained by burning fossil fuels and such, it is a very attractive method of generating energy due to its non- The Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) is destructive nature. a wireless sensor module developed by Intel whose method of operation is very similar to that of RFID tags. It has a built-in Solar energy is among the most common forms of energy microcontroller which changes transmitted tag value depending harvested for electronic devices. It is technologically mature on data gathered by sensors connected to the module. The and is being employed in large-scale energy harvesting. WISP runs completely on power harvested from a charging Likewise, it is commonly used to power smaller electronics RFID reader. such as calculators and mobile phone chargers. One of the major drawbacks of harvesting this kind of energy is that the Most of the energy harvested by the WISP is expended on solar panels used in gathering energy are quite expensive. sensor operation. Furthermore, the WISP cannot interface with common sensors which have power requirements that are significantly higher than its built-in sensors. This leads to issues regarding sensor interfacing and the length of time that the module is able to operate autonomously. A very good solution to this issue is presented by the authors of the SolarWISP [3]. By providing the WISP with a new energy source using solar panels, it is able to operate for a much longer period of time. The SolarWISP is similar to this project’s proposed methods for the solar harvester leg. Several design tweaks were made, and emphasis was placed on maintaining compatibility between the harvester-sensor module and standard WISP hardware (i.e. being able to operate the harvester with the WISP without altering the original WISP circuit itself).
III. METHODOLOGY
A. WISP Hardware and Software The WISP boards used for the project were fabricated in Hong Kong by OurPCB. Most of the components were Figure 2. The WARP experimental set-up [2]. soldered by the fabrication house, while the remaining parts RFID Activities
RFID Activities
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Temperature and relative humidity (RH) are major factors in the deterioration of artwork.
Non-ideal temperature and RH conditions cause paint to flake, wooden frames to warp, and may even encourage the growth of mold.
We have developed a wireless sensor system that allows museum managers to monitor the current values of temperature and RH in art spaces. This allows them to identify “hotspots” wherein the microclimate is not ideal for storing or displaying artwork. Applications • Preventive conservation of artwork Other potential uses of our system are in the fields in museums of thermal comfort engineering and automated • Thermal comfort engineering • Sensing component for automatic HVAC system control. HVAC system control Person-in-charge: Marc Caesar R. Talampas MotesArt XP A Wireless Sensor Network for Indoor Microclimate Monitoring A Cost-effective sensor system for landslide monitoring
We have developed a system for monitoring slope movements and other parameters that may indicate the likelihood of a landslide event, at less than half the cost of commercially available systems. Our system measures the inclination, soil moisture content, rain, and pore water pressure at a given site.
Further studies are needed on the data gathered by our system to identify the thresholds of the soil parameters beyond which a landslide will occur. Local government units in landslide prone areas are the direct beneficiaries of an early warning system. Our system also has applications in the fields of building and road construction, mining operations, and dam monitoring.
The system has Buyagan, La been installed in Trinidad Brgy. Puguis, Benguet since November 2010. Data gathered from the Little sensors are sent Kibungan remotely to a Landslide computer at the 80 dead National Institute of Geological Sciences. System Diagram
Data Logging and Transmission
Power System
Revised Sensor Node Board
Sensor Column VW Piezometer Data Acquisition Experiments and Field Deployment PARTS OF AN OCEAN DRIFTER ANOD: Tracking ocean currents with drifters The Drifter Enclosure Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute contains all Marine Science Institute the University of the Philippines, Diliman electronics. Knowledge of the ocean’s circulation patterns are essential in The Drogue is studying other systems and processes such as: dispersion studies drawn by the on surface particles like fish larvae and bouyant pollutants (e.g. ocean oil spills), model validation studies, and search, rescue, and currents. recovery operations (e.g. finding the wrecks of sunk ships).
DRIFTER FUNCTIONS We have developed an ocean drifter system that also features salinity, temperature, wave height and wave period sensing. For SENSING BLOCK: LOCALIZATION & DATA data retrieval it can log data to a microSD card and send data to Wave Height TELEMETRY: RECEIVER: a remote computer via SMS. Wave Period GPS Base Temperature GSM Station The ANOD drifters are also equipped with a solar panel to allow Salinity automatic charging of its battery. Battery Level DATA Drogue Microcontroller STORAGE: ANOD drifters have been successfully deployed in Pangasinan, MicroSD Cebu, Puerto Galera and Sorsogon.
POWER BLOCK: Solar Panel and Battery
Person-in-charge: Marc Caesar R. Talampas Conclusion
• Focus has been on sensor front ends – Novel applications for the environment – Good and meaningful synergies between ICT and different disciplines • Marine scientists • Geologists • Civil engineers • Museum curators – IoT means a lot more • Latent capability • Look to international collaboration to further enhance capabilities THANK YOU [email protected] The UP EEE Institute
• Research laboratories address a broad spectrum of specializations – Instrumentation – Robotics and automation – Microelectronics – Digital signal processing – Power electronics – Wireless – Electric power – Software applications – Renewable energy Automated Power Meter (Zigbee)