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Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History Crime and Punishment Through Time

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Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History Crime and Punishment Through Time Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History time, c1000–present GCSE (9-1) History Crime and punishment through Edexcel Crime and punishment through time, c1000–present Series Editor: Angela Leonard Angela Leonard taught history in secondary schools for over 20 years and ActiveLearn Digital Service was also a teacher trainer at the University of London Institute of Education for over a decade. She has extensive experience as a senior GCSE examiner Our online ActiveLearn Digital Service, powered and as an author and series editor of history textbooks. by ActiveTeach, provides a wealth of teaching, planning and assessment support. Pearson’s resources are designed to be simple, inclusive and inspiring and to support you in studying for Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Revise series History. Revise smart and save - revision resources for only £2.49* per copy! This Student Book covers the key knowledge for Option 10: Crime and punishment in Britain, c1000–present & Whitechapel, c1870– c1900: crime, policing and the inner city, and incorporates unique First wave of Revise Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History teaching approaches: Revision Guide and Workbooks: Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–1088 • Thinking Historically activities throughout the student books 9781292169743 tackle some of the key misconceptions that can hold student Crime and punishment in Britain, c1000–present thinking back. 9781292169705 • Writing Historically spreads, based on the Grammar for Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88 Writing approach used by many English departments, explain 9781292169712 how students can improve their writing, making their answers more sophisticated, clear and concise. Medicine in Britain, c1250–present 9781292169729 Other key features of the Student Book includes: Superpower relations and the Cold War, 1941–91 material • A Preparing for your exams section, with exam advice and 9781292169750 annotated sample answers The American West, c1835–c1895 • A wealth of contemporaryDraft images and sources material9781292169774 Draft • Differentiated activities and checkpoint activities The USA, 1954–75: conflict at home and abroad • Recap pages to help with consolidating and retaining knowledge. 9781292169767 Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39 9781292169736 *Use promo code 16REVCC. Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History The front cover image shows a photo of a policeman taken by H.R. Willetts, a Bristol-based photographer, in around 1880. Crime and punishment through time, c1000–present www.pearsonschools.co.uk T 0845 630 33 33 Series Editor: Angela Leonard Authors: Victoria Payne Dan Hartley Trevor Sharkey [email protected] ALWAYS LEARNING Timeline: Crime and punishment through time, c1000–present Anglo- Norman Late Middle Ages Tudor Stuart Georgian Victorian World Wars Modern Era Saxon Edwardian Crime and definitions of crime 1494 1976 1723 Domestic Violence Vagabonds and Black Acts make Beggars Act 1888 Act makes poaching game Jack the Ripper domestic violence punishable by murders a crime death 1542 1070 Witchcraft Act 1967 Murdrum fine makes witchcraft 1605 1735 Sexual introduced for killing Gunpowder punishable by Witchcraft Act 1833 Offences Act Normans Plot death defines witches Tolpuddle decriminalises as confidence martyrs homosexuality 1559 tricksters 1072 Elizabeth I’s Act of 1601 Forest Laws set aside Uniformity makes Poor Law 1831 1916 land for royal hunting attending church Last reported Military Service 2006 compulsory Racial and Religious case of highway Act introduces Hatred Act makes robbery conscription 1534 racial abuse a crime Henry VIII declares 1066 1837 himself head of William I crowned Victoria crowned 1939–45 king Church of England material queen Second World War 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Draft material 1476 1914–18Draft First printing press 1642–51 1685–1815 Enlightenment – new First World War set up in England Civil War emphasis on science and reason 1813 Elizabeth 1900 1601 Houses of Fry begins visiting Borstals introduced for correction set up in 1748 Fielding brothers prisoners at Newgate young offenders 1150s–60s Henry II reorganises each county set up Bow Street courts and tries to limit church’s 1829 Runners powers over crime and punishment Robert Peel sets up 1933 Execution of 1615 Metropolitan Police Transportation to North 1777 under-18s ends 1327 America begins John Howard’s ‘The Justices of the peace 1832 1194 State of Prisons’ Richard I introduces appointed for all areas Punishment of Death Act 1953 1645–47 published reduces number of crimes Execution of coroners to investigate Matthew Hopkins punishable by death to 60 Derek Bentley suspicious deaths witch hunts 1778 Transportation to 1842 1877 All prisons 1215 Australia begins brought under Pentonville 1965 Church forbids trials by government authority 1688 Prison opens Death penalty abolished ordeal Law lists 50 crimes 1853 for most crimes punishable by death 1810 Transportation Law lists 222 crimes ends punishable by death Law enforcement and punishment 10 11 1.1 Crime, punishment and law enforcement in Anglo-Saxon England Learning outcomes • Know how the king, the Church, and ideas about family, influenced attitudes to crime and punishment in Anglo- Saxon England. • Know about common crimes and typical punishments in Anglo-Saxon England. 01 c1000–c1500: Crime, • Understand how the law was enforced in village communities. punishment and law Timeline Picts Crime and punishment in England c1000–c1500 Celts enforcement in medieval Vikings and 954 English kingdoms Saxons England unite under one king FORTRIU In the year 1000, the people of England and their rulers were Anglo-Saxon. 1066 William I is Crime and punishment were dealt with by local communities, with some crowned King of STRATHCLYDE England involvement of the king and the Church. 1072 Forest Laws are A dramatic change to everyday life came when the Normans invaded introduced England in 1066. The arrival of the new Norman king, William I, and 1086 Domesday Book NORTHUMBRIA his nobles, changed England socially, politically and culturally. As they imposed their authority, they redefined some activities that had previously been legal as crimes and they also introduced new 1164 Constitutions of punishments and ways of dealing with crime. Clarendon material The new regime also sparked challenges to government authority. 1194 Coroners are GWYNEDD MERCIA As the medieval period continued, the growth of towns led to a rise introduced 1215 Trial by ordeal in crime rates in some areas.Draft This stimulated material new ideas about law Draft POWYS ends enforcement. DYFED ESSEX GWENT Throughout this period, the Church played an important part in defining 1348 Black Death WESSEX KENT and enforcing the law. reaches England SUSSEX Learning outcomes DUNMONIA By the end of this chapter, you will: 1485 Henry Tudor Figure 1.1 The kingdoms of Britain in c800, before the • understand how the king, the Church and local communities influenced becomes King Henry VII Norman invasion. attitudes to crime and punishment in Anglo-Saxon England • know about common crimes and typical punishments in Anglo-Saxon level. The Christian Church was another important England England’s population in 1000 was between around influence on ideas about crime and punishment. • know how the law was enforced in village communities 1,700,000 and 2,000,000 and about 90% of people • understand how changes in society, including the Norman Conquest, lived in the countryside. Few lived in towns. In rural During the Anglo-Saxon period there were three led to new definitions of crime areas, people lived in small, scattered hamlets and on important trends in crime and punishment: farmsteads. These communities were very vulnerable to • understand the purpose of medieval punishment and why there was • The power and influence fo the king over crime and the effects of warfare, bad weather, poor harvests and continuity throughout this period punishment grew. Penalties were increasingly decided diseases like the plague. A powerful king and nobility • know about the changing methods used to enforce the law by the king rather than local communities. made the law, but village communities and family ties • know how the Church influenced crime and punishment. were also strong and helped enforce the law at a local 13 1.1 Crime, punishment and law enforcement in Anglo-Saxon England 1.1 Crime, punishment and law enforcement in Anglo-Saxon England • The role of the Christian Church increased. The Church was concerned with Across Britain, there was a three-tiered social structure of nobles, freemen giving those who had committed crimes opportunities to save their souls. and serfs (see Figure 1.2). All three classes were subject to the king’s • The use of punishments, including capital punishment, increased. This authority. The king ruled in close connection with the noble families. Nobles was intended to help boost the visible power and authority of the king did well out of this social structure, and they played an important role in across the land. keeping it going by backing laws that protected their interests. The king gave nobles land in return for their support. Key term Treason* The role of Anglo-Saxon kings Actions that threatened this social structure were classed as crimes. These Betraying the king – for example, King Ethelred II ruled England from 978–1016. During his reign, there was could range from a serf starting a fight with a noble, to what many saw as by helping his enemies, or ongoing conflict in the border areas between English and Scottish lands, and the worst crime of all – treason*. Crimes of this type are known as ‘crimes plotting to kill or replace him. some regions were occupied by Viking settlers. In c1000, Ethelred attacked against authority’. some Viking settlements and also tried to stop Viking attacks by making Key term alliances with Normandy. These actions gave him more control over the King’s peace* kingdom. Crime in Anglo-Saxon communities: towns, Key terms Crimes against the person* Anglo-Saxons believed that it Previously, communities had made their own laws, so the crime and villages, abbeys was the king’s duty to take care punishment system was quite basic and relied on local customs.
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