DOCSLIB.ORG

Interlayer Structure in Sodium Micas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Interlayer Structure in Sodium Micas Clay Science 12 Supplement1, 64-68 (2005) Interlayer Structure in Sodium Micas T. Kogure a,b *, Y. Banno c and R. Miyawaki d a Dept. Earth & Planetary Science, Grad. School of Science, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan bCREST , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honchou Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Inst. of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, AISI, Tsukuba,Ibaraki, 305-8567, cJapan Dept. of Geology, The National Science Museum, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japanand d (Received March 18, 2005. Accepted May 25, 2005) ABSTRACT In this paper we present our recent results with respect to the crystal structures of two trioctahedral sodium micas, aspidolite and wonesite, and discuss the nature of the interlayer structure in sodium micas. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction analyses of these micas indicate the existence of a large layer offset, i.e., lateral shift between the two tetrahedral sheets across the sodium-bearing interlayer region. The amounts of the layer offset are about 0.9A (aspidolite) and 1.25 A (wonesite), and their direction is one of [100], [110] and [110]. These directions are occasionally disordered. By combination of the intralayer shift in the 2:1 layer and the layer offset, ordered aspidolite has monoclinic ([100] layer offset, C2/m) and triclinic ([110] or [110] layer offset, C1) cells with one-layer periodicity. Both structures were identified in powder X-ray diffraction patterns and probably the triclinic structure is more common. This is the first report that structural variations are generated in micas by the combination of the intralayer shift and layer offset. The layer offset in wonesite is close to [110] and the structure is one-layer triclinic (Cl). These results give us an insight that sodium micas (preiswerkite, paragonite, aspidolite, wonesite, etc.) can possess various amounts of the layer offset, depending on the cavity space in the tetrahedral sheet that is primarily determined by the ditrigonal rotation angle. Therefore the composition in the 2:1 layer can drastically change the crystallography (e.g., powder diffraction patterns) of the sodium micas. In conclusion, sodium micas are not the simple analogue of potassium micas but belong to a group with a very unique character. Key words:Sodium mica, Aspidolite,Wonesite, Interlayer region, Layer offset, Ditrigonal rotation INTRODUCTION percent of the a-axis length at most.1) 2) Consequently, the lateral displacement between the adjacent 2:1 layers in micas Mica is a common mineral group with diverse is almost identical with the intralayer shift. By contrast, compositions and origins. The basic structure of micas pyrophyllite and talc, in which no interlayer cations exist, consists of 2:1 or TOT (tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral) have a considerable amount of shift (close to a/3) between layers, and interlayer cations between the adjacent 2:1 layers. the T sheets across the interlayer region to reduce repulsion The two tetrahedral (1) sheets in a 2:1 unit layer are laterally between opposing basal oxygen atoms and tetrahedral shifted by about a/3 (intralayer shift) where a is the length of cations.3) the a-axis (5.1•`5.4 A), to form octahedral sites between The most common element for the interlayer cations them. As six directions are possible for the intralayer shift, in micas is potassium but sodium or divalent large cations micas appear in several different polytypes by the choice and can replace it. For instance, paragonite is the sodium combination of these directions. On the other hand, the two analogue of muscovite, a dioctahedral potassium mica. A T sheets belonging to different 2:1 layers across the number of analyses confirmed that the interlayer structure in interlayer region are hardly staggered because the interlayer paragonite is almost the same as that in muscovite, although cations are accommodated in the cavities formed with the the basal spacing is considerably decreased (ca. 0.3 A) due two opposing tetrahedral six-fold rings. Accurate structure to a smaller ionic radius of sodium than that of potassium.4 5) In contrast analyses of micas revealed that the two T sheets across the , few works have been reported for the interlayer region are slightly shifted in real mica structures structures of sodium-bearing trioctahedral micas, mainly due (termed layer offset'), but the amount of the shift is a few to the lack of good specimens. Probably the structure 65 analysis of preiswerkite by Oberti et al.61is the only reliable one. a Recently we have investigated and reported the structures of two trioctahedral sodium micas, aspidolite7)and wonesite.8) Aspidolite is known as the Na analogue of phlogopite (previously called Na-phlogopite) and wonesite is an interlayer-deficient sodium mica reported by Spear et aI.9)The structure analyses of the specimens were impossible due to fine intergrowth with phlogopite and/or talc. We have investigated the specimens mainly by using HRTEM, electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Gandolfi camera. These results have revealed interesting and important nature of the interlayer structure in trioctahedral sodium micas. EXPERIMENTAL b Aspidolite-phlogopiteinterleaved mica was obtained froma rocksample (a registeredspecimen of the Geological Surveyof Japan,GSJ M 35151-1)from a graniticcontact aureolein Kasuga-mura,Gifu Prefecture,central Japan.10) Electronmicroprobe analyses showed that the composition for aspidolite is (Nat.77Ko,22)(Mg4.53Alo.84Feo.47Tio.ov) (Si5.11Al2s9)020F0.0.(OH)3.93.This is close to the midpointof aspidolite (NaMg3A1Si3O1o(OH)2)- preiswerkite (NaMg2A1Al2Si2O10(OH)2)series formed by Tschermak substitution,but slightlyclose to aspidolite.Hence this sodiummica should be called aluminianaspidolite. Rock fragmentscontaining wonesite from the PostPond Volcanics, Vermont,USA, were donated from the NationalMuseum of Figure 1. (a) Filtered HRTEM image of interstratified aspidolite-phlogopite recorded down [ 100]. The inset at the bottom-right is the magnified Natural History, Washington,D.C. (catalog # NMNH image of a portion. "T" and "0" indicate the positions of tetrahedral and 145724)and fromDr. S. Guggenheim,University of Illinois octahedral sheets respectively. The white bars connect the dark spots at at Chicago.Electron microprobeanalyses of wonesite the left-hand and right-hand tetrahedral sheets in a 2:1 layer. Note the indicatedalmost the samecomposition as reportedby Spear two tetrahedral sheets across the interlayer regions except those with asterisks are staggered. The interlayer regions with asterisks are et a1.9) interpreted to be potassium-occupied. (b) Filtered HRTEM image Specimens for TEM examinationalong [hk0] recorded down [310]. Note the two tetrahedral sheets across the directionswere prepared by usingthe methoddescribed in interlayer regions are slightly staggered except those with asterisks. Kogure.111HRTEM examination was performedat 200 kV usinga JEOLJEM-2010 with a nominalpoint resolution of 2.0 A (C5= 0.5 mm).High-resolution images were recorded previous work'') can be referred to for the interpretation of on films at near Scherzerdefocus. Successfulimages the HRTEM images of micas. The structure in the right-hand recordedon the filmswere digitized using a CCDcamera for in Figure la has one-layer periodicity and the two T sheets imageprocessing. Noisy contrast from amorphous materials in a 2:1 layer are not staggered, indicating phlogopite-1M on the specimensurfaces was removedusing the rotational observed along [100] (the intralayer shift is parallel to the ltering technique12) implemented withfi Gatan electron beam). The contrasts of the two T sheets across the DigitalMicrographversion 2.5. 3) interlayer regions are also not staggered, in accordance with Micafragments were attached to a thinglass fiberfor the normal phlogopite structure where the layer offset is XRDmeasurements. XRD "powder" patterns were obtained negligible. On the other hand the structure around the left of witha Gandolficamera of 114.6mm in diameteremploying the figure, which is identified as aspidolite by EDS analysis, Ni-filteredCuKa radiation.The patternswere recordedon has also no stagger between the two T sheets in a 2:1 layer, an imagingplate and processedwith a Fuji BAS-2500 but the two T sheets across the interlayer regions are bio-imaginganalyzerand with a computerprogram by considerably staggered. This stagger is also observed in the Nakamuta.4) image along [310] (Figure lb). From these images it is evident that the structure of the interlayer region in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION aspidolite is considerably different from that in phlogopite, with a layer offset similar to paragonite but the amount of Identification of large layer offsets in sodium micas the offset is considerably larger. Although it is possible to estimate roughly the amount Figure 1 shows filtered HRTEM images of the and the direction of the layer offset from these HRTEM interstratified phlogopite-aspidolite, recorded with the images, more quantitative estimation can be made using electron beam parallel to (a) [100] and (b)[310]. Our diffraction techniques. A triclinic C-centered cell (C1) with 66 Figure 3.(a) Experimental XRD pattern from a wonesite crystal acquired with a Gandolfi camera.(b) Calculated "powder" pattern using new cell parameters with a large layer offset.(c) Calculated pattern using crystal parameters in Spear et al. 9) with no layer offset. For the calculation, a Figure 2. Schematic figure for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,367,760 B1 Wang Et Al
    US008367760B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,367,760 B1 Wang et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 5, 2013 (54) NON-BLACK RUBBER MEMBRANES 3,842,111 A 10/1974 Meyer-Simon et al. 3,873,489 A 3, 1975 Thurn et al. 3,978, 103 A 8/1976 Meyer-Simon et al. (75) Inventors: Hao Wang, Copley, OH (US); James A. 3,997,581 A 12/1976 Petka et al. Davis, Westfield, IN (US); William F. 4,002,594 A 1/1977 Fetterman Barham, Jr., Prescott, AR (US) 5,093,206 A 3, 1992 Schoenbeck 5,468,550 A 11/1995 Davis et al. (73) Assignee: Firestone Building Products Company, 5,580,919 A 12/1996 Agostini et al. LLC, Indianapolis, IN (US) 5,583,245 A 12/1996 Parker et al. 5,663,396 A 9, 1997 Musleve et al. 5,674,932 A 10/1997 Agostini et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,684, 171 A 11/1997 Wideman et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,684, 172 A 11/1997 Wideman et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 207 days. 5,696, 197 A 12/1997 Smith et al. 5,700,538 A 12/1997 Davis et al. 5,703,154 A 12/1997 Davis et al. (21) Appl. No.: 12/389,145 5,804,661 A 9, 1998 Davis et al. 5,854,327 A * 12/1998 Davis et al. ................... 524,445 (22) Filed: Feb. 19, 2009 6,579,949 B1 6/2003 Hergenrother et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Preiswerkite and Högbomite Within Garnets of Aktyuz Eclogite, Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan
    320 R.T.Journal Orozbaev, of Mineralogical K. Yoshida, A.B.and PetrologicalBakirov, T. Hirajima, Sciences, A. Volume Takasu, 106, K.S. page Sakiev 320 and─ 325, M. 2011 Tagiri LETTER Preiswerkite and högbomite within garnets of Aktyuz eclogite, Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan *,** * ** * *** Rustam T. OROZBAEV , Kenta YOSHIDA , Apas B. BAKIROV , Takao HIRAJIMA , Akira TAKASU , ** **** Kadyrbek S. SAKIEV and Michio TAGIRI * Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan **Institute of Geology, Kyrgyz National Academy of Science, 30 Erkindik Avenue, Bishkek 720481, Kyrgyzstan ***Department of Geosciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan **** Hitachi City Museum, Miyatacho 5-2-22, Hitachi 317-0055, Japan We report the occurrence of preiswerkite and högbomite as inclusion phases within the garnets of eclogite from the Aktyuz area of Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. Preiswerkite and högbomite occur both as a constituent of multiphase solid inclusions (MSI) and as single discrete grains in the mantle and rim of the garnets. However, they do not occur in the core of the garnet and in the matrix of the eclogite. Preiswerkite is associated with the minerals paragonite ± staurolite ± Mg-taramite ± Na-biotite ± hematite ± högbomite ± chlorite ± titanite ± phengite ± magnetite, and högbomite is associated with paragonite ± preiswerkite ± staurolite ± hematite ± chlorite ± Na-biotite ± magnetite in MSI. The average compositions of preiswerkite and högbomite are (Na0.96K 2+ VI IV 2+ 3+ 3+ 0.02Ca0.01)0.99(Mg1.52Fe0.54 Al0.93)2.99( Al1.93Si2.07)4.00O10(OH)2 and (Mg1.47Fe3.02Zn0.04Fe1.45)5.98(Fe0.31Al15.13Ti0.56)16O30 2+ VI IV (OH)2, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • 89° Congresso SIMP (Ferrara, 13-15 Settembre 2010)
    PLINIUS n. 36, 2010 L’EVOLUZIONE DEL SISTEMA TERRA DAGLI ATOMI AI VULCANI FERRARA 13-15 Settembre 2010 PLINIUS n. 36, 2010 PLENARY LECTURES PLINIUS n. 36, 2010 STROMBOLI, ETNA AND VESUVIUS: EXAMPLES OF VOLCANIC RISKS MANAGED BY DPC C. Cardaci Dipartimento della Protezione Civile - Servizio Rischio Vulcanico, Roma [email protected] Italy’s national territory is exposed to a broader range of natural hazards than other European countries. For this reason, Italy has implemented a coherent, multi-risk approach to civil protection. This approach fully integrates the scientific and technological expertise within a structured system aimed at forecasting natural disasters, providing early warning and immediately managing the emergency. With regard to its delayed time activities, the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) provides strong support to the knowledge of natural hazardous phenomena through a network of Competence Centres (Centres for technological and scientific services). DPC supports research efforts on the assessment of vulnerability and exposure of population, buildings and critical infrastructures to the risks associated with these phenomena. The early warning system for volcanic events, floods, landslides, hydro-meteorological events and forest fires includes prevention activities. It is provided by the DPC on the basis of the network of “Centri Funzionali” (Functional Centres). These centres are in charge of the forecast and assessment of the risk scenarios, in order to provide a multiple support system to the decision makers of the Civil Protection Authorities. The Functional Centres are organized in a network which consists of operative units able to collect, elaborate and exchange any kind of data (meteorological, hydro-logical, volcanic, seismic and so on), and it is supported by selected Competence Centres involved in the analysis of a specific risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclature of the Micas
    Mineralogical Magazine, April 1999, Vol. 63(2), pp. 267-279 Nomenclature of the micas M. RIEDER (CHAIRMAN) Department of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic G. CAVAZZINI Dipartimento di Mineralogia e Petrologia, Universith di Padova, Corso Garibaldi, 37, 1-35122 Padova, Italy Yu. S. D'YAKONOV VSEGEI, Srednii pr., 74, 199 026 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia W. m. FRANK-KAMENETSKII* G. GOTTARDIt S. GUGGENHEIM Department of Geological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607-7059, USA P. V. KOVAL' Institut geokhimii SO AN Rossii, ul. Favorskogo la, Irkutsk - 33, Russia 664 033 G. MOLLER Institut fiir Mineralogie und Mineralische Rohstoffe, Technische Universit/it Clausthal, Postfach 1253, D-38670 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany A. M, R. NEIVA Departamento de Ci6ncias da Terra, Universidade de Coimbra, Apartado 3014, 3049 Coimbra CODEX, Portugal E. W. RADOSLOVICH$ J.-L. ROBERT Centre de Recherche sur la Synth6se et la Chimie des Min6raux, C.N.R.S., 1A, Rue de la F6rollerie, 45071 Od6ans CEDEX 2, France F. P. SASSI Dipartimento di Mineralogia e Petrologia, Universit~t di Padova, Corso Garibaldi, 37, 1-35122 Padova, Italy H. TAKEDA Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino City, Chiba 275, Japan Z. WEISS Central Analytical Laboratory, Technical University of Mining and Metallurgy, T/'. 17.1istopadu, 708 33 Ostrava- Poruba, Czech Republic AND D. R. WONESw * Russia; died 1994 t Italy; died 1988 * Australia; resigned 1986 wUSA; died 1984 1999 The Mineralogical Society M. RIEDER ETAL. ABSTRACT I I End-members and species defined with permissible ranges of composition are presented for the true micas, the brittle micas, and the interlayer-deficient micas.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrigendum 2
    Vol. 55, No. 6, 2007 Clay mineralogy nomenclature 647 Table 1. Classification of planar hydrous phyllosilicates. Layer Interlayer material1 Group Octahedral Species2 type character 1:1 None or H2O only Serpentine-kaolin Trioctahedral Lizardite, berthierine, amesite, cronstedtite (x & 0) Dioctahedral Kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite (planar) Di,trioctahedral Odinite ———————————————————————————————— 2:1 None (x & 0) Talc-pyrophyllite Trioctahedral Talc, willemseite, kerolite, pimelite Dioctahedral Pyrophyllite, ferripyrophyllite Hydrated exchangeable Smectite Trioctahedral Saponite, hectorite, sauconite, stevensite, swinefordite cations (x & 0.2À0.6) Dioctahedral Montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, volkonskoite Hydrated exchangeable Vermiculite Trioctahedral Trioctahedral vermiculite cations (x & 0.6À0.9) Dioctahedral Dioctahedral vermiculite Non-hydrated mono- or Interlayer-deficient Trioctahedral Wonesite3,4 divalent cations mica Dioctahedral none4 (x & 0.6À0.85) Non-hydrated True (flexible) Trioctahedral Phlogopite, siderophyllite, aspidolite monovalent cations, mica Dioctahedral Muscovite, celadonite, paragonite (550% monovalent, x & 0.85À1.0 for dioctahedral) Non-hydrated divalent Brittle mica Trioctahedral Clintonite, kinoshitalite, bityite, anandite cations, (550% divalent, Dioctahedral Margarite, chernykhite x & 1.8À2.0) Hydroxide sheet Chlorite Trioctahedral Clinochlore, chamosite, pennantite, nimite, baileychlore (x = variable) Dioctahedral Donbassite Di,trioctahedral Cookeite, sudoite Tri,dioctahedral none ————————————————————————————————
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2005 Gems & Gemology
    G EMS & G VOLUME XLI WINTER 2005 EMOLOGY W INTER 2005 P AGES 295–388 Dr. Edward J. Gübelin V OLUME (1913–2005) 41 N O. 4 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA ® Winter 2005 VOLUME 41, NO. 4 EDITORIAL _____________ 295 One Hundred Issues and Counting... Alice S. Keller 297 LETTERS ________ FEATURE ARTICLES _____________ 298 A Gemological Pioneer: Dr. Edward J. Gübelin Robert E. Kane, Edward W. Boehm, Stuart D. Overlin, Dona M. Dirlam, John I. Koivula, and Christopher P. Smith pg. 299 Examines the prolific career and groundbreaking contributions of Swiss gemologist Dr. Edward J. Gübelin (1913–2005). 328 Characterization of the New Malossi Hydrothermal Synthetic Emerald Ilaria Adamo, Alessandro Pavese, Loredana Prosperi, Valeria Diella, Marco Merlini, Mauro Gemmi, and David Ajò Reports on a hydrothermally grown synthetic emerald manufactured since 2003 in the Czech Republic. Includes the distinctive features that can be used to separate this material from natural and other synthetic emeralds. pg. 337 REGULAR FEATURES _____________________ 340 Lab Notes Yellow CZ imitating cape diamonds • Orange diamonds, treated by multiple processes • Pink diamonds with a temporary color change • Unusually large novelty-cut diamond • Small synthetic diamonds • Diaspore “vein” in sapphire • Unusual pearl from South America • Unusually small natural-color black cultured pearls • Identification of turquoise with diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy 350 Gem News International Ornamental blueschist from northern Italy • Emerald phantom crystal • Unusual trapiche emerald earrings • Large greenish yellow grossular from Africa • Opal triplet resembling an eye • Green orthoclase feldspar from pg. 340 Vietnam • New discoveries of painite in Myanmar • Gem plagioclase reported- ly from Tibet • Spinel from southern China • Update on tourmaline from Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Obsolete Mineral Names
    Na-Al-montmorillonite = Al-exchanged Na-rich montmorillonite, CCM 34, 535 (1986). Na-Al-pargasite = hypothetical amphibole NaCa2(Mg3Al2)[(Al1.5Si2.5)O11]2(OH)2, MM 53, 106 (1989). Na-Al-talc = Na-Al-rich talc, AM 91, 1063 (2006). (Na,Al)-tourmaline = olenite, AM 74, 836 (1989). Na-alunite = natroalunite-1c, AM 74, 939 (1989). Na-amphibole subgroup = Na(E↔G)2G'3G''2[T4O11]2X2, MM 59, 129 (1995). Na-analogon = mendozite, de Fourestier 237 (1999). Na-annite = synthetic mica NaFe3[(AlSi3)O10](OH)2, AM 88, 185 (2003). Naarkies = acicular millerite, de Fourestier 237 (1999). naatelite = P-rich allanite-(Ce), Deer et al. 1B, 151 (1986). Na-autunite = metanatroautunite, AM 14, 269 (1929). (Na,Ba)-feldspar subgroup = albite + celsian, EJM 1, 239 (1989). nabafiet = nabaphite, Council for Geoscience 771 (1996). Na,Be cordierite = Na-Be-rich cordierite, AM 65, 522 (1980). Na-beidellite = Na-rich beidellite, AM 75, 609 (1990). Na-bentonite = Na-rich montmorillonite + quartz, CCM 35, 81 (1987). Na-beryl = Na-rich beryl, EJM 21, 807 (2009). Na-betpakdalite = Na-rich betpakdalite, Kostov 178 (1989). Na-biotite = Na-rich biotite, AM 68, 554 (1983). Na-birn = birnessite, AM 75, 481 (1990). Na-birnessite = birnessite, AM 69, 814 (1984). Na boltwoodite = natroboltwoodite, AM 46, 21 (1961). nabresina = compact calcite ± dolomite (shell marble), O'Donoghue 370 (2006). Na-brittle mica = preiswerkite, AM 65, 1135 (1980). Na-buserite = buserite, AM 87, 582 (2002). Na/Ca-bentonite = Na-Ca-rich montmorillonite, ClayM 38, 282 (2003). Na-Ca enstatite = Na-Ca-rich enstatite, R. Dixon, pers. comm. (1992). (Na,Ca)-feldspar = albite or anorthite, EJM 7, 489 (1995).
    [Show full text]
  • IMA–CNMNC Approved Mineral Symbols
    Mineralogical Magazine (2021), 85, 291–320 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 Article IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols Laurence N. Warr* Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Abstract Several text symbol lists for common rock-forming minerals have been published over the last 40 years, but no internationally agreed standard has yet been established. This contribution presents the first International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved collection of 5744 mineral name abbreviations by combining four methods of nomenclature based on the Kretz symbol approach. The collection incorporates 991 previously defined abbreviations for mineral groups and species and presents a further 4753 new symbols that cover all currently listed IMA minerals. Adopting IMA– CNMNC approved symbols is considered a necessary step in standardising abbreviations by employing a system compatible with that used for symbolising the chemical elements. Keywords: nomenclature, mineral names, symbols, abbreviations, groups, species, elements, IMA, CNMNC (Received 28 November 2020; accepted 14 May 2021; Accepted Manuscript published online: 18 May 2021; Associate Editor: Anthony R Kampf) Introduction used collection proposed by Whitney and Evans (2010). Despite the availability of recommended abbreviations for the commonly Using text symbols for abbreviating the scientific names of the studied mineral species, to date < 18% of mineral names recog- chemical elements
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclature for Stacking in Phyllosilicates: Report of the Association Internationale Pour L’Etude Des Argiles (Aipea) Nomenclature Committee for 2008
    Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 57, No. 1, 134–135, 2009. NOMENCLATURE FOR STACKING IN PHYLLOSILICATES: REPORT OF THE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR L’ETUDE DES ARGILES (AIPEA) NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE FOR 2008 1, 2 3 4 5 S TEPHEN G UGGENHEIM *, JOHN M. ADAMS ,FAI¨ZA B ERGAYA ,MARIA F. BRIGATTI ,VICTOR A. DRITS , 6 7 8 9 10 M ILTON L. L. FORMOSO ,EMILIO G ALA´ N ,TOSHIHIRO K OGURE ,HELGE S TANJEK , AND J OSEPH W. STUCKI 1 Chairman, AIPEA Nomenclature Committee, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA 2 (ex officio, Principal Editor, Clay Minerals), Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom 3 Centre de Recherche de la Matie`re Divise´e, CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research)-University of Orle´ans, 1b Rue de la Fe´rollerie, 45 071 Orle´ans Cedex 2, France 4 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Modena, Largo S. Eufemia 19, I-41100, Modena, Italy 5 Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 7 Pyzerskii Per, Moscow J-17 Russia 6 9500, Ave Bento Gonc¸alves, Campus do Vale, Instit. of Geosciences, University Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil, CEP-91540-000 7 Departmento de Cristalografı´a y Mineralogı´a, Facultad de Quı´mica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41071 Sevilla, Spain 8 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 9 Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, Wuellnerstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Survey
    DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR, BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY No. 135 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1895 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SILICATES BY FRANK WIGGLESWORTH CLABKE CHIEF CHEMIST WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING-OFFICE 1895 CON TE N T S. Page. Chapter I. Introduction. .................................... .............. 7 Chapter II. The theory of the silicates ....................... .............. 12 Chapter III. The orthosilicates of aluminum .................. .............. 18 I. The uephelite type .................................. .............. 18 II. The garnet-biotite type ............................'.. .............. 20 III. The feldspars and scapolites ......................... .............. 28 IV. The normal zeolites. ................................. .............. 32 V. The micas and. chlorites. ............................. .............. 45 VI. The tourmaline group ............................... .............. 56 VII. Miscellaneous species ................................ .............. 63 Chapter IV. The orthosilicates of dyad bases ................ .............. 68 Chapter V. The orthosilicates of tetrad bases ............... .............. 75 Chapter VI. The diorthosilicates ............................ .............. 81 Chapter VII. The ineta- and dimetasilicates .................. .............. 85 Chapter VIII. Summary ............................--'-..-.... .............. 101 Index .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Mineral Symbols
    THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LIST OF SYMBOLS FOR ROCK- AND ORE-FORMING MINERALS (January 1, 2021) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ac acanthite Ado andorite Asp aspidolite Btr berthierite Act actinolite Adr andradite Ast astrophyllite Brl beryl Ae aegirine Ang angelaite At atokite Bll beryllonite AeAu aegirine-augite Agl anglesite Au gold Brz berzelianite Aen aenigmatite Anh anhydrite Aul augelite Bet betafite Aes aeschynite-(Y) Ani anilite Aug augite Bkh betekhtinite Aik aikinite Ank ankerite Aur auricupride Bdt beudantite Akg akaganeite Ann annite Aus aurostibite Beu beusite Ak åkermanite An anorthite Aut autunite Bch bicchulite Ala alabandite Anr anorthoclase Aw awaruite Bt biotite* Ab albite Atg antigorite Axn axinite-(Mn) Bsm bismite Alg algodonite Sb antimony Azu azurite Bi bismuth All allactite Ath anthophyllite Bdl baddeleyite Bmt bismuthinite Aln allanite Ap apatite* Bns banalsite Bod bohdanowiczite Alo alloclasite Arg aragonite Bbs barbosalite Bhm böhmite Ald alluaudite Ara aramayoite Brr barrerite Bor boralsilite Alm almandine Arf arfvedsonite Brs barroisite Bn bornite Alr almarudite Ard argentodufrénoysite Blt barylite Bou boulangerite Als alstonite Apn argentopentlandite Bsl barysilite Bnn bournonite Alt altaite Arp argentopyrite Brt baryte, barite Bow bowieite Aln alunite Agt argutite Bcl barytocalcite Brg braggite Alu alunogen Agy argyrodite Bss bassanite Brn brannerite Amb amblygonite Arm armangite Bsn bastnäsite Bra brannockite Ams amesite As arsenic
    [Show full text]
  • Clay Minerals Including Related Phyllosilicates: Interdisciplinary Research and Inward Integration
    Acta Geodyn. Geomater., Vol.2, No.2 (138), 53-68, 2005 CLAY MINERALS INCLUDING RELATED PHYLLOSILICATES: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND INWARD INTEGRATION Jiří KONTA Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2 home address: Korunní 127, 13000 Prague 3, Czech Republic Corresponding author‘s e-mail: [email protected] (Received September 2004, accepted April 2005) ABSTRACT More than 110 species of clay minerals and related phyllosilicates were discovered mostly in the 20th and 19th centuries, including 13 regular interstratifications (R1 range) naturally occurring or synthesized and referred to between 1950-2003. This contribution to theoretical and applied clay science, whose evolution is based on mineralogical roots, stresses interdisciplinary research among clay science, basic sciences (physics, chemistry, mathematics, geometry), earth-, biological-, applied- and related sciences and engineering technologies as a basis for substantial past and future discoveries. Not only a novel desirable cooperation with other theoretical and applied disciplines, but also a close inward integration among the six major research regions of clay science is necessary for its further development. Two diagrammatic presentations show: 1) a desirable multidisciplinary cooperation and mutual influence among sciences and technologies affecting the development and progress of clay science; 2) a view of desirable integration among the six major research regions within clay science in the near future. KEYWORDS: theoretical
    [Show full text]