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University of Huddersfield Repository View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Huddersfield Repository University of Huddersfield Repository Hagvar, S., Vanin, Stefano and Ostbye, E. Contribution to the Fennoscandian distribution of Chionea Dalman, 1816 (Diptera, Limoniidae), with notes on the ecology Original Citation Hagvar, S., Vanin, Stefano and Ostbye, E. (2010) Contribution to the Fennoscandian distribution of Chionea Dalman, 1816 (Diptera, Limoniidae), with notes on the ecology. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 57 (2). pp. 166-176. ISSN 1501-8415 This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/11628/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ © Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 14 December 2010 Contribution to the Fennoscandian distribution of Chionea Dalman, 1816 (Diptera, Limoniidae), with notes on the ecology SIGMUND HÅGVAR, STEFANO VANIN & EIVIND ØSTBYE Hågvar, S., Vanin, S. & Østbye, E. 2010. Contribution to the Fennoscandian distribution of Chionea Dalman, 1816 (Diptera, Limoniidae), with notes on the ecology. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 57, 166–176. Updated information is given on the distribution of Chionea araneoides Dalman, 1816 and C. crassipes Boheman, 1846 in Norway. While C. araneoides is very common in southern Norway, there are only two records in northern Norway. C. crassipes has been taken numerously and in several localities in Finnmark, but in southern Norway, only a few individuals have been found in three alpine sites. These may represent relict populations. C. lutescens Lundström, 1907 is reported new to Sweden. Three samples of C. crassipes from Oulanka national park in Finland confirm the few earlier records from this country. Information is given on phenology, temperature and weather conditions, as well as some ecological aspects for C. araneoides in southern Norway, based on long term data. Key-words: Chionea, Limoniidae, Diptera, distribution, Norway, Sweden, Finland, ecology, winter, snow Sigmund Hågvar, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Stefano Vanin, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Eivind Østbye, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction C. minuta and C. brevirostris Tahvonen, 1932 were synonyms. An extensive material sampled The wingless, “spider-like” Chionea-species in northern Sweden and Finland contained three (Diptera, Limoniidae) are winter active and can species: C. araneoides, C. crassipes, and C. be seen walking on the snow surface (Fig. 1) at lutescens Lundström, 1907 (Mendl et al. 1977). temperatures down to about –6 oC (e.g. Svensson While C. araneoides occurred in both countries, 1966, Hågvar 1971). However, there has long been C. crassipes was found only in the Swedish confusion both about their taxonomy and their material and C. lutescens only in the Finnish. distribution in Fennoscandia. Svensson (1966) Later, Krzeminski (1982) presented a generalized wrote that three species had been reported from map of Europe, where all the three last mentioned Sweden: C. crassipes Boheman, 1846 (he referred species were indicated by symbols to occur both in to Dalman as author), C. araneoides Dalman, Norway, Sweden and Finland. This is, however, not 1816, and C. minuta Tahvonen, 1932. However, correct for C. lutescens. Recently, Oosterbroek & he assumed that the two latest probably were Reusch (2008) presented a review of the European synonyms. Later, Svensson (1969) concluded that species of the genus Chionea. They concluded as C. araneoides was a good species, and that both follows: C. araneoides occurs widespread in all 166 Norwegian Journal of Entomology 57, 166–176 (2010) in Oslo (NHMO), Bergen (ZMB) and Tromsø (TM) were studied. From Sweden, the material in Lund museum (LM) was studied, which revealed a new species to Sweden. Data confirming known distribution in Sweden has not been included here. From Finland, material from Oulanka National Park was studied. The specimens were identified, or confirmed, by Stefano Vanin. Results FIGURE 1. A female of Chionea araneoides walking on snow. The long legs and tarsi make walking on even coarse snow an easy task. Photo: Niels Sloth. Figs 2–3 show the known distribution of C. araneoides and C. crassipes in Norway. The records below are listed according to the revised three countries, but in Norway not further south Strand-system (Økland 1981). Among more than than Oslo, and in Sweden not further south than 600 Chionea specimens recorded in southern Västra Götaland. C. crassipes has also been found Norway, only 5 were C. crassipes. These were in all three countries, widespread in Sweden south collected at high altitudes in western Buskerud to Dalarna in the middle part of the country, in (BV), northern Hedmark (HEN) and northern a few localities in Finland, and in only two Oppland (ON). Among the 64 Chionea specimens sites in Norway (Finmarkia according to Siebke recorded in northern Norway, only 6 were C. (1877) and Norefjell in Buskerud according to araneoides. This indicates a southern main Tjeder (1965)). The distribution of C. lutescens distribution of C. araneoides, and a northern main covers large parts of Europe, but is not yet fully distribution of C. crassipes. In the total material, understood due to taxonomical confusions. It the percentage of males was 59 in C. araneoides, has not yet been confirmed from Norway and and 44 in C. crassipes. C. lutescens was absent in Sweden, but is widespread in Finland south of the the Norwegian material. Arctic Circle. This paper adds information on the distribution of Chionea species in Norway, and has remarks Records of Chionea araneoides in Norway to the distribution in Sweden and Finland. We also present some data on the ecology of C. AK, Nannestad: Tømte, Steinsgård, EIS 37, 1 araneoides, which adds to previous studies (e.g. December 1966, 2♀♀, leg. Østbye, E.; Nannestad: Hågvar 1971, 1976, 2010). Engelstadtjernet, EIS 36, 18 January 2009, 1♂1♀, leg. Elven, H.; Hurdal: Skrukkelia, EIS 45, December 1973 and January & March 1974, Material and methods 16♂♂1♀, leg. Sørensen, O.J.; Eidsvoll: Netsjøen, EIS 37, 13 January 1974, 2♂♂, leg. Sørensen, This paper presents new material which was O.J.; Eidsvoll: EIS 37, 26 December 1973, 1♂, not included in the European survey given by leg. Sørensen, O.J.; Bærum: Bærumsmarka, Ila- Oosterbroek & Reusch (2008). Most data from Kampen, EIS 28, 22 January 1968, 3♂♂3♀♀, Norway have been collected by two of the authors leg. Østbye, E.; Bærum: Lake Dælivann and (SH and EØ) during several decades. Among other Kolsåsen, EIS 28, December 1967–January 1968, contributors, valuable material from Finnmark 127 specimens, among which 50♂♂43♀♀, leg. was collected by Geir Hågvar in 1971–72 and by Hågvar, S.; Bærum: Lake Dælivann and Kolsåsen, persons from Øytun Folkehøyskole in 2009. In EIS 28, 1970–1990, 20♂♂5♀♀, leg. Hågvar, S.; addition, material from the Zoological museums Bærum: Burudvann-Vensåsseter-Skytterkollen, 167 Hågvar et al.: Fennoscandian distribution of Chionea 1 8 9 8 8 1 8 5 1 8 7 1 8 6 1 8 4 1 8 3 1 7 8 1 8 2 1 1 1 7 7 1 8 6 1 8 0 1 7 6 9 1 7 9 7 5 1691 1 6 8 1 7 4 1 1 7 3 1 7 2 7 1 7 1 1 6 6 0 1 7 0 1 6 6 1 1 6 5 1 6 4 5 9 1 6 3 1 1621 62 1 5 8 1 6 1 1 5 7 1 5 6 1 5 5 1 5 1 1 5 4 1 5 0 1 5 2 1 5 3 14 9 4 8 1 4 7 1 4 5 1 4 6 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 2 4 0 1 4 3 8 1 3 9 1 1 3 6 1 37 1 4 1 3 5 1 3 3 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 9 1 3 2 7 1 2 8 1 25 12 6 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 9 1 2 0 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 6 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 0 9 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 0 6 1 0 7 1 0 8 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 8 3 8 4 858 5 8 6 878 7 8 8 8 9 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 779 9 80 8 1 8 2 6 6 676 7 6 8 6 9 7 0 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1 626 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 4 8 4 9 5 0 515 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 555 5 5 6 3 9 4 0 414 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 454 5 4 6 4 7 3 0 3 1 3 2 333 3 34 353 5 363 6 373 7 3 8 2 2 2 3 242 4 252 5 26 272 7 2828 2 9 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 12 3 4 5 6 1 2 FIGURE 2.
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