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Title: Context Programme Area: Smart Systems and Heat Project: WP1 Integrated Electrical Heat Title: Integrated Electric Heat – Upgrade Analysis Final Report Abstract: This deliverable is the final report of the Integrated Electric Heat project. It includes the methodology for developing the upgrade pathways, the upgrade pathways for five HEMS homes and an assessment of how thermal storage can flatten energy demand profiles for domestic heat. There are extensive appendices covering the modelling methodology, verification and output, as well as the home surveys and technology suitability. A landscape review of domestic heat storage, produced by NEF, is included as an annex to the main report. Context: The Integrated Electric Heating Project provided a modelling tool to evaluate the opportunities and challenges for electric heating to meet UK household requirements. The tool will be used to create and evaluate upgrade pathways for a small number of housing archetypes informed by detailed information gathered from dwelling participating in the recent Home Energy Management System trial. Disclaimer: The Energy Technologies Institute is making this document available to use under the Energy Technologies Institute Open Licence for Materials. Please refer to the Energy Technologies Institute website for the terms and conditions of this licence. The Information is licensed ‘as is’ and the Energy Technologies Institute excludes all representations, warranties, obligations and liabilities in relation to the Information to the maximum extent permitted by law. The Energy Technologies Institute is not liable for any errors or omissions in the Information and shall not be liable for any loss, injury or damage of any kind caused by its use. This exclusion of liability includes, but is not limited to, any direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential, punitive, or exemplary damages in each case such as loss of revenue, data, anticipated profits, and lost business. The Energy Technologies Institute does not guarantee the continued supply of the Information. Notwithstanding any statement to the contrary contained on the face of this document, the Energy Technologies Institute confirms that it has the right to publish this document. Smart Systems and Heat Phase 1 Integrated Electric Heat Upgrade Analysis Final Report October 2018 IEHeat Upgrade Analysis © 2018 Energy Technology Institue Document Control ESC programme name Smart Systems and Heat Phase 1 ESC project number ESC00045 Version* 2.0 Status Final Restrictions* Confidential Release date 09/10/2018 External release ID WP1-LD34 & 35 * Refer to the Information Classification Policy. Review and Approval Name Position Author John Hinsley Engineer – Heating Systems, ESC Erica Marshall Cross Engineer – Energy in Buildings, ESC Lewis Bowick Energy Systems Consultant, ESC Stuart McKinnon Consultant – Horizon Scanning, ESC Jason Palmer Director – Cambridge Architectural Research Reviewer(s) Richard Halsey Senior Programme Manager Jeff Douglas Practice Manager – Energy Systems Kerry Mashford Interfacing Limited Approver Emma Harrison (v1.0) Head of Systems Integration Richard Halsey (v2.0) Senior Programme Manager Revision History Date Version Comments 29/06/2018 V1.0 First issue to ETI 09/10/2018 V2.0 Final issue to ETI, revised to incorporate ETI comments V V 2 IEHeat Upgrade Analysis © 2018 Energy Technology Institue Document Protection Arising IP Description Owner Category See IP register ETI See register Background IP Description Owner Category* See IP register ETI See register ESC_Intellectual_Property_Register WP1 ESC00045 IP Register Final Trademarks, licenses and disclaimers Description Owner Category EnergyPath is a registered trademark of the Energy Technologies ETI Trademark Institute LLP Dymola®, Modelica®, BuildSys Pro, TIL-suite Trademark Are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners 3 IEHeat Upgrade Analysis © 2018 Energy Technology Institue Contents 1. Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1. Analysis of low carbon upgrade pathways ........................................................................... 16 3. Context and purpose ................................................................................................................................ 18 4. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 20 4.1. Technology suitability assessment ........................................................................................... 21 4.2. Low carbon heat upgrade pathway development ............................................................. 22 5. Upgrade pathway development ........................................................................................................... 27 5.1. House A (1950s semi-detached) upgrade pathway .......................................................... 28 5.2. House B (1920s mid-terrace) upgrade pathway ................................................................. 43 5.3. House C (1930s semi- detached) upgrade pathway ......................................................... 61 5.4. House D (1970s mid-terrace) upgrade pathway ................................................................ 75 5.5. House E (1980s detached) upgrade pathway ...................................................................... 87 6. Key findings from pathway development ...................................................................................... 102 7. Thermal storage to flatten energy demand profiles for domestic heat ............................. 108 7.1. Background .................................................................................................................................... 108 7.2. Key findings ................................................................................................................................... 109 8. Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................................. 113 Appendix 1. Glossary and abbreviations ............................................................................................. 115 Appendix 2. Modelling overview ............................................................................................................ 123 A.2.1. Structure and components of a typical IEHeat model .................................................. 123 A.2.2. IEHeat house model ................................................................................................................... 125 A.2.3. IEHeat generic room model .................................................................................................... 125 A.2.4. IEHeat heat source models ...................................................................................................... 128 A.2.5. Proposed future model enhancements .............................................................................. 131 A.2.6. Upgrade Analysis modelling approach ............................................................................... 131 A.2.7. Typical simulation results ......................................................................................................... 133 4 IEHeat Upgrade Analysis © 2018 Energy Technology Institue A.2.8. Using average room temperature for comfort metrics ................................................. 135 Appendix 3. Input data summaries for Upgrade Analysis example houses ........................... 136 A.3.1. Notes and abbreviations:.......................................................................................................... 136 A.3.2. House A: 1950s semi-detached ............................................................................................. 136 A.3.3. House B: 1920s mid-terrace .................................................................................................... 139 A.3.4. House C: 1930s semi-detached .............................................................................................. 141 A.3.5. House D: 1970s mid-terrace .................................................................................................... 143 A.3.6. House E: 1980s detached ......................................................................................................... 145 A.3.7. Desired room temperature profiles ...................................................................................... 148 A.3.8. Air temperature data used (typical mean year in Newcastle-upon-Tyne) ............. 153 Appendix 4. Technical note: comparison of single thermostat with TRVs versus multizone on/off control for upgrade evaluations ...................................................................................................... 154 A.4.1. Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 154 A.4.2. Impact of control approach on upgrade evaluation simulation results ................. 155 A.4.3. Influence of TRVs (thermostatic radiator valves) ............................................................. 157 A.4.4. Effect of minimum WRV opening .........................................................................................
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