DOCSLIB.ORG

Biofortification of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Karen Elizabeth Davies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biofortification of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Karen Elizabeth Davies Biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) using metal oxide nanoparticles Karen Elizabeth Davies A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy This research programme was carried out in collaboration with AHDB Potatoes and BBSRC 2018 Biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) using metal oxide nanoparticles This work is the intellectual property of the author, BBSRC and AHDB Potato (Note: if there are other owners of the IP, they must also be named here). You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non- commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights.” 1 Biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) using metal oxide nanoparticles Abstract The project aimed to increase the phytoavaiablilty of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in order to fortify tubers for human consumption to aid the reduced global micronutrient malnutrition (MNM). Simultaneously improve quality of tubers (dry mass), reduction of disease occurrence (soft rot), and uniformity of tuber size. There are three strategies commonly adopted to improve plant fortification: enhanced fertilisers, breeding and nutritional genetic modification. While genetic modification has produced some interesting results, the commercialisation is hindered by public perception and legislation, therefore selective breeding programmes are now being developed to circumvent these issues and help address the global issue of micronutrient malnutrition. This programme of work adopts a more holistic approach, whereby a plant food additive has been developed that can be fed to all varieties of crop without the need to develop new strains through breeding or genetic modification. The work here in produced a number of key findings: • Increase in mineral content of tubers from skin to pith in all applications • Increased foliar growth rate and tubers >30mmm • Iron increased the consistency of tuber size • Retention on minerals in growth media, decreasing leaching and increasing phytoavailability. Also beneficial to decreasing the minerals realised in the environment. Using patented technology, the reactor allows accurate and consistent size production of nanoparticles metal oxide nanoparticles with a production rate of 1 kg per hour whereas previous this rate was approximately 5 grams a day. The bulk production allows nanoparticles to be applied in numerous ways that were previously unfeasible. Sustainable application of iron fortification that retains in the soil strata for a longer period of time than conventional applications Coating of amino acid to the nanoparticle increases the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation, in turn increasing the metabolism of the plant and accumulation of other minerals present in the soil or fertiliser. Costing less than current Fe-chelated with less requirement for application. Significant increases in the mineral content of the tubers means a more nutritional food for human consumption. Increases in weight, yield and faster maturity can mean a solution to sustaining agriculture for a fast growing population. 2 Biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) using metal oxide nanoparticles The fortification method can be added to current fertiliser applications, requiring no drastic changes to current methods. The implications of the project are summarised in the below figure. 3 Biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) using metal oxide nanoparticles Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Tables and figures ................................................................................................................................... 9 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ 20 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 21 1.1 Nanoparticle synthesis ............................................................................................................ 21 1.2 Minerals: Fortification of food ................................................................................................ 27 1.3 Plant mineral uptake ............................................................................................................... 31 1.4 Forms of fortification for propagation .................................................................................... 34 1.5 Use of metal oxide nanoparticles as a mineral supply ........................................................... 36 1.6 Potato history and consumption ...................................................................................... 37 1.7 Propagation and mineral composition of potato. ............................................................ 41 1.8 Other crops in the Solanaceae family ............................................................................... 43 2 Nanoparticle synthesis and functionalisation .................................................................................... 44 2.1 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................... 44 2.1.1 Calcium oxide nanoparticle synthesis via a sol gel method. ................................................ 44 2.1.2 Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) ...................................................................... 45 2.1.3 Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, water based: ZnNP method 1 ................................. 46 2.1.4 Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using methanol and acetone: ZnNP method 2 ........ 48 2.1.5 Synthesis of calcium ferrite nanoparticles ........................................................................... 48 2.2 Nanoparticle coating ................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.1 Hydrolysing amino acid ........................................................................................................ 50 2.2.2 Coating MONP ...................................................................................................................... 50 2.2.3 Determining amino acid for FeNP application, AAFeNP ...................................................... 51 2.3 Results of nanoparticle synthesis and functionalisation ............................................................ 52 2.3.1 Synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles ............................................................................ 52 2.3.2 Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) .................................................................... 56 2.3.3 Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles .................................................................................. 58 2.3.4 Synthesis of calcium ferrite nanoparticles ........................................................................... 63 2.3.5 Coating technique ................................................................................................................ 66 4 Biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum) using metal oxide nanoparticles 2.3 The effect of MONP on seed emergence .................................................................................... 68 3 Potato trials .................................................................................................................................... 70 3.1 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................... 70 3.1.1 Growth pattern of stem; potato trials ................................................................................. 70 3.1.2 Yield and harvested weight: Potato crop ............................................................................. 70 3.1.3 Dry mass percentage (DM%); potato tubers ....................................................................... 71 3.1.4 Determination of mineral content of potato tubers ........................................................... 72 3.1.5 Hydroponic: Trials H2014 and H2015 .................................................................................. 74 3.3.2 Saxon trials: Sax2015 and Sax2016 ...................................................................................... 76 3.3.3 Optimising Fe application using ‘Swift’ (FeLoad2016) ......................................................... 78 3.3.4 Field trials in collaboration with Branston Limited (Field2015, Field2016) ......................... 79 3.3.5 Replication of field trials (FieldRep2016) ............................................................................ 80 3.3.5: Observation of Fe uptake using radioactive isotope 59Fe. (59Fe trial) .............................. 80 3.2 Results and discussion ................................................................................................................ 82 3.2.1 H2014 and H2015 growth rate ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reduce Your Ecological Footprint
    Practice compassion: Reduce your ecological footprint We present 100 wonderful ways to engage in the Practice of Compassion – and save our world. First, rejoice that there are so many different ways to choose from, as well as the opportunity to maybe one day do them all. Now start learning how you can be part of the solution instead of part of the problem. Then, take the required action, followed by a dedication to all sentient beings whose suffering has been reduced by the action. Note: The following information was mainly compiled by FPMT members in the UK and lists many UK-specific examples and websites. The recommendations listed can be easily applied beyond the UK, especially among developed nations which constitute both a disproportionately-large ecological threat to the world as well as enormous capacity and resources for change. A list of several international websites, as well as U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand-specific sites can be found at the end of the article. WHAT YOU CAN DO 1. Switch from traditional incandescent light-bulbs to compact fluorescent lamps (C.F.L.). If every household in the U.K. replaced three regular bulbs with C.F.Ls, the electricity saved could power the U.K.'s street lighting for a year. A 30-watt C.F.L. produces about as much light as an ordinary 100-watt bulb. Although the initial price is higher, C.F.Ls can last twelve times as long. C.F.Ls are available at most hardware shops and can be ordered over the Internet.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Plastic Tunnel Equipment on Its Thermal Balance Components
    Technical Sciences, 2016, 19(4), 313–324 EFFECT OF PLASTIC TUNNEL EQUIPMENT ON ITS THERMAL BALANCE COMPONENTS Sławomir Kurpaska Faculty of Production and Power Engineering University of Agriculture in Krakow Received 21 June 2016, accepted 26 October 2016, available online 2 November 2016. K e y w o r d s: plastic tunnel, thermal screen, thermal transmittance coefficient, convert rate of solar radiation. Abstract The paper presents results of research conducted in a standard plastic tunnel equipped with thermal screens measuring 144 m2. During the experiment the thermal screens in the tunnel were either in a folded or unfolded position (both during the radiation weather and at night), whereas vents were closed. Parameters of the ambient climate (the temperature, wind velocity, air humidity and solar radiation intensity) were measured during the experiment, as well as the parameters of the microclimate inside the objects (the temperature and air humidity).Thermal balance including: the change of heat accumulated inside the object, heat gains from the substratum (through radiation and penetration), heat gains from solar radiation and the heat flux loss were formulated for the discussed cases. In result of the analysis the differences of internal temperature were stated for the object with and without thermal screens. It was found that for the identical values of the ambient climate parameters the temperature inside the object without the thermal screen was c.a. 4.0% higher than in the object equipped with the thermal screen. The thermal transmittance value through the object casing was determined and the convert rate of solar radiation to heat causing increase in the internal temperature in the objects both with and without thermal screens.
    [Show full text]
  • How Local Initiatives Help to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas
    1 HOW LOCAL INITIATIVES HELP TO MITIGATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS CONSULTANCY REPORT – JUNE 2019 AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SOESTERKWARTIER, AMERSFOORT Authors: T. Addisu, C. Dereux, I. Noordegraaf Supervisor: B. van Hove Commissioned by Fokke de Jong Supported by: from: 1 1 Wageningen Environmental Research P.O. box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)317 48 07 00 Fax: +31 (0)317 41 90 00 This project was led in the context of an Academic Consultancy Training from Wageningen University, by students as part of their MSc Climate Studies. It is not an official publication of WUR and the content herein does not represent any formal position or representation by WUR. In 2003 Wageningen Environmental Research has implemented a certified quality management system, according to the standard ISO 9001:2008. Since 2006 Wageningen Environmental Research works with a certified environmental care system according to the standard ISO 14001:2004. All rights regarding this research proposal and all knowledge and information contained therein shall remain with Stichting Wageningen Research. Wageningen Environmental Research1 does not accept any liability for damages, if any, arising from the use of the results of this study or the application of the recommendations. Copyright © 2019 Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Environmental Research All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise
    [Show full text]
  • Does the Food System Constrict Healthy Choices for Typical British Families?
    FORCE-FED Does the food system constrict healthy choices for typical British families? Contents Acronyms .......................................................................... 03 Chapter 2: Environmental costs .......................................................... 39 Acknowledgements .......................................................... 03 The food our families eat, and throw away ...................... 22 A yoghurt ........................................................................... 40 Funding ............................................................................. 03 Where typical family food comes from Cost of ingredients ............................................................ 40 Executive Summary ........................................................... 04 and how much it costs ...................................................... 23 Efficiencies of scale ............................................................ 40 Introduction ...................................................................... 07 What typical families actually buy and eat ....................... 24 Advertising ......................................................................... 40 What is a ‘typical’ family? ................................................. 09 Retail purchases ................................................................ 24 Potatoes ............................................................................. 40 Report overview ................................................................ 09 Eating
    [Show full text]
  • Saving Energy at Home
    Saving Energy at Home Nicola Terry Nicola.qeng-ho.org Energy-surprises.blogspot.com Energy and Carbon Emissions: the way we live today Transition Cambridge – Cambridge Carbon Footprint This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 Intternational License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Why do you want to save energy? • Reduce energy bills • Reduce carbon emissions Does it matter? How can we save energy? Services Savings • Space heating • Reduce waste • Water heating • Reduce requirement • Cooking • Increase efficiency • Lighting and appliances Space heating – Reducing heat loss Measure Savings Easiness Loft/cavity insulation +++ ++ Solid wall insulation +++ + Floor insulation ++ ++ Double/secondary glazing ++ +/++ Secondary is easier Curtains/blinds + +++ Fix draughts +++ +++ Heat recovery ventilation ++ + Humidity controlled ventilation ++ ++ Shock ventilation ++ +++ Space heating – Reducing heat loss Measure Savings Easiness Loft/cavity insulation +++ ++ Green Solid wall insulation +++ + Deal Floor insulation ++ ++ Double/secondary glazing ++ +/++ Secondary is easier Curtains/blinds + +++ Fix draughts +++ +++ Heat recovery ventilation ++ + Humidity controlled ventilation ++ ++ Shock ventilation ++ +++ Simple home heat loss model http://nicola.qeng-ho.org Space heating – Where are the draughts? • You tell me Space heating - Where are the draughts? • Doors/windows • Floorboards • Skirting • Pipes and cables that go through walls, floors, roofs • Loft hatch • Cat flaps/letter boxes • Chimneys
    [Show full text]
  • Leek L Lancas Ster F1 1
    NOVEMBER 2017.qxp_VEG FARMER TEMPLATE 20/10/2017 10:30 Page 1 Leek LLancasster F11 • For November - March h • Improve d bo ltiing resitista • Superior frost & cold tole • Easy to strip & clean • Excellent yield with high Te l: + 44 (0)1932 862 059 Email: [email protected] www.tozerseeds.com NOVEMBER 2017.qxp_VEG FARMER TEMPLATE 20/10/2017 10:30 Page 2 HOW MUCH TO STAY IN TOUCH? Visit us at A modest £40 (£70 for two years) Ovveer 85 yyeears of eexxperienxperiencncee... tomorrooww’s That’s all it costs to handling solutions receive twelve issues t: +44 (0)1790 752771 e: [email protected] of > Gentle Handling > Advanced Design > Intelligent Control The www.tongengineering.com Vegetable Farmer, Your Magazine. Please complete the coupon below and send with a cheque/postal order payable to A.C.T. Publishing to: The Vegetable Farmer A.C.T. Publishing, ‘FREEPOST’ TN2289 Specialists in Fruit & Vegetable Cooling Maidstone, Kent ME14 1BR (NO STAMP REQUIRED) • Design, Supply & Installation • Energy Efficient Refrigeration Systems NAME: ________________________________ • Ambient Cooling Systems FARM NAME: __________________________ • Controlled Atmosphere Storage ADDRESS: _____________________________ • CIPC Air Distribution Schemes ______________________________________ ______________________________________ All systems are designed to ______________________________________ customer’s individual Post Code: ____________________________ requirements and come Tel:____________________________________ with over 30 years Email:__________________________________ knowledge and experience. Approx acreage:_________________ NOVEMBER 2017 Overseas subscription rates (Payments in sterling please) Tel: 01945 870204 Air Mail: Europe £50 • Middle East/USA/Canada/Far East £60 Email: [email protected] • Australia/New Zealand £70 www.potatostorage.co.uk NOVEMBER 2017.qxp_VEG FARMER TEMPLATE 20/10/2017 10:30 Page 3 3 LION HOUSE, CHURCH STREET, MAIDSTONE, KENT ME14 1EN OPINION Autumn means different things to Tel: 01622 695656 Fax: 01622 663733 different people.
    [Show full text]
  • Overcoming the Barriers to Green Walls in Urban Areas of the UK
    Overcoming the barriers to green walls in urban areas of the UK Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Technologies for Sustainable Built Environments Centre School of the Built Environment Faye Thomsit-Ireland September 2018 Declaration: I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. Faye Thomsit-Ireland September 2018 i Abstract Green infrastructure is seen as a tool to mitigate a host of environmental challenges in urban areas. Vertical greening solutions such as direct greening are gaining popularity due to relatively low cost and the fact that they have a minimal ground footprint. There are still, however, a range of barriers to their uptake, including worries about potential wall damage (physically and via RH increase). This research had sponsors from multiple disciplines and as such covers a wide range of topics aimed at reducing barriers to installations of direct greening. The impact of several popular and widely-used plant species (Hedera helix (English ivy), Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston creeper), and Pileostegia viburnoides (climbing hydrangea)), on the internal/external temperature and relative humidity (RH) of replicated experimental model ‘buildings’ (three per plant species, plus bare buildings) was studied over two summers and winters. All the plant species reduced both the air temperature internally/externally during the summer daytimes by at least 1 oC (Hedera produced the greatest cooling effect internally and externally, 7.2 oC and 8.3 oC reduction, respectively). All plant species reduced the daily ‘variation’ (morning to afternoon) in external RH, and external and internal temperature during summer (Hedera reduced variation most and Pileostegia least).
    [Show full text]
  • N E W S I N B R I E F C O N T E N
    April 2017 N e w s i n b r i e f C o n t e n t s Article 50, sterling and BPS Policy Briefs 2 - Basic Payment – euro or With the UK’s envoy due to hand Brussels an Article 50 sterling notification on 29th March, the hard graft of negotiating the UK’s exit from the European Union will begin. Cereals and Oilseeds 3 - Winter cropping down in One of the most tangible concerns of many farmers will be England, up in Scotland the fate of sterling once the trigger is pulled. The triggering of Article 50 is not exactly news and in theory markets may Beef 4 have already priced this into current exchange rates. - Cull cow trade picks up However, the unpredictability of events mean that almost any market reaction is possible. Potatoes 5 Early signs of a more conciliatory tone from the UK - Market tight as Scottish Government and the European Commission would increase stocks head south confidence that a workable end-result can be achieved. However, early signs that the UK may be heading for a sharp Sheep 6 exit without a trade agreement and sterling could fall quickly. - More heavier lambs about dampen prices With farm commodity prices and subsidy rates so closely linked to exchange rates, managing currency risk is essential Milk 7 in such uncertain times. Farmers will shortly have the - Commodity milk prices fall chance to receive their BPS payments in euro or sterling. back, farm prices rise BPS is essentially an output of the farm business in the round so one way to mitigate getting this wrong is to also fix Sector Focus 8 the price of key inputs such as feed, fertiliser and fuel at the - Finishing cattle – speed is of same time.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Final Report GB Late Blight Population Monitoring 2014 to 2018 Report Author: David Cooke The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Report No. 2019/10 AHDB Potatoes is a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. © Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2019. © Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2019. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic means) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without the prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. AHDB is a registered trademark of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. All other trademarks, logos and brand names contained in this publication are the trademarks of their respective holders. No rights are granted without the prior written permission of the relevant owners. Additional copies of this report and a list of other publications can be obtained from: Publications AHDB Potatoes Tel: 02476 692051 Stoneleigh Park Fax: 02476 478902 Kenilworth E-mail: [email protected] Warwickshire CV8 2TL Our reports, and lists of publications, are also available at potatoes.ahdb.org.uk © Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2019 2 Contents 1. Summary ............................................................................................................. 4 2. Practical recommendations ............................................................................... 6 3. Introduction .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Sustainability in the Baby Food Sector
    Life cycle environmental and economic sustainability in the baby food sector A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 2018 by Natalia Sieti School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 6 List of Figures ....................................................................................................... 8 List of Tables ...................................................................................................... 10 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 12 Declaration ......................................................................................................... 14 Copyright Statement ........................................................................................... 14 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. 15 Chapter 1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 16 1.1 Aims and objectives ...................................................................................... 17 1.2 Dissertation structure .................................................................................... 18 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2018/222569 Al 06 December 2018 (06.12.2018) W !P O PCT
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/222569 Al 06 December 2018 (06.12.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, C01B 3/00 (2006.01) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (21) International Application Number: SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, PCT/US20 18/034842 TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (22) International Filing Date: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 29 May 2018 (29.05.2018) kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (25) Filing Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, (26) Publication Langi English TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, (30) Priority Data: EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, 62/5 13,284 31 May 2017 (3 1.05.2017) US MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, 62/5 13,324 31 May 2017 (3 1.05.2017) US TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, 62/524,307 23 June 2017 (23.06.2017) US KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
    [Show full text]
  • 29 January 2021 #Nfushereforyou
    Weekly update – 29 January 2021 #NFUSHereForYou - Here to support you and your mental wellbeing Health and wellbeing are incredibly important. NFUS recognises that there is a lot of stress and pressure within the industry, and often a stigma associated with talking about your feelings - especially amongst men. The importance of articulating how you are feeling cannot be underestimated, and we have put together a handy list of the organisations out there that can offer help or support. Whether looking for yourself, or someone you know, the #NFUSHereForYou webpage can quickly point you in the right direction. Go to: NFU Scotland | /nfushereforyou.aspx All (virtual) roads lead to #NFUS2021 AGM, Conference and elections – 10, 11 and 12 February With our election hustings now complete, arrangements for the exciting programme for the conference and AGM is now available to view at: https://www.nfus.org.uk/about-nfus/agm-2021.aspx • On Wednesday 10 February, we are delighted to host an exciting webinar with Tim Smith, chair of the newly created Trade and Agriculture Commission – the body that will have oversight on the UK’s future trade deals. • On Thursday 11 February, outgoing President Andrew McCornick will give his final Presidential address before joining a panel of all UK Farming Union Presidents – Minette Batters, NFU; John Davies, NFU Cymru and Victor Chestnutt, UFU – to discuss Brexit, future trade deals and agricultural policy. • On Friday 12 February, we have the excitement of our elections followed by our traditional address from Cabinet Secretary for Rural Economy, Fergus Ewing. To register a place at any of the sessions please click: https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_xok5BQ6xQYGBreTU-obdIQ More than 550 take part in virtual hustings Two weeks from now, we will know who the new officeholder team at NFUS and thanks to the incredible turnouts at our three virtual hustings meetings more than 550 members have had a chance to meet the candidates.
    [Show full text]