2018 RAS Journal Is Dedicated to David F
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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY China Vol. 78 No. 1, 2018 Editor Julie Chun Copyright 2018 RAS China The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China is published by Earnshaw Books on behalf of the Royal Asiatic Society China. Contributions The editor of the Journal invites submission of original unpublished scholarly articles and book reviews on the religion and philosophy, art and architecture, archaeology, anthropology and environment, of China. Books sent for review will be donated to the Royal Asiatic Society China Library. Contributors will receive a copy of the Journal. Subscriptions Members receive a copy of the Journal, with their paid annual membership fee. Individual copies will be sold to non-members, as available. Library Policy Copies and back issues of the Journal are available in the library. The library is available to members. www.royalasiaticsociety.org.cn Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China Vol. 78 No. 1, 2018 978-988-8552-32-0 EB 121 © 2018 Royal Asiatic Society China The copyright of each article rests with the author. Designed and produced for RAS China by Earnshaw Books Ltd. 17/F, Siu Ying Commercial Building, 151-155 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in material form by any means, whether graphic, electronic, mechanical or other, including photocopying or information storage, in whole or in part. May not be used to prepare other publications without written permission from the publisher. The Royal Asiatic Society China thanks Earnshaw Books for its valuable contribution and support. In memoriam. The 2018 RAS Journal is dedicated to David F. Bridgman (1932-2018) JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY CHINA 2017-2018 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Editor: Julie Chun Sub Committee: Carolyn H. Robertson Tracey Willard John Darwin Van Fleet x CONTENTS RAS CHINA COUNCIL 2016-2018 1 Foreword By Julie Chun 5 Introduction By Julie Chun 7 SECTION 1: RECLAIMING THE PAST The Formative Years Of The North China Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society In Shanghai By Peter Hibbard 13 Defying Tradition: Eliza Bridgman, Foreign Feminist And The Awakening Of Women In China By David F. Bridgman 41 An Irish Policeman In Shanghai: From Constable To Commissioner Of The SMP, 1904-1939 By Andrew David Field 71 And What Do We Know About China? The International Labour Office, Albert Thomas And Republican China, 1919 – 1930 By Christian Mueller 101 A Czechoslovak Founding Father In China An Account Of The November 1918 Visit By Czechoslovakia’s Milan Rastislav Štefánik By Lukáš Gajdoš 123 A Most Foreign Hutong: Beijing’s Kuei Chia Chang In 1922 By Paul French 154 The Cooperators War: The Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, The China Defence League, And Internationalism In The Sino-Japanese War By Evan Taylor 176 xi Facing The Foreign: Media Myths In China And Japan By John Darwin Van Fleet 199 Political Power And Memory In The Han Dynasty: The Career Of Huo Guang Re-Considered By J. Benjamin Askew 228 SECTION 2: CONSIDERING THE PRESENT Dragon Marble Reliefs From The Imperial Palaces, Temples And Mausoleums Of Ming And Qing Dynasty By Jimmy Nuo Zang 253 Hawkers In Hong Kong: The Informal Sector In A Contemporary City By Parul Rewal 285 Analysis Of Mexican Foreign Policy And The Case Of The Diversification Of Foreign Relations: A Look At The Relationship With The People’s Republic Of China By Edith Yazmin Montes Incin 320 YOUNG SCHOLAR ESSAY Rewriting The Future: The Conflict And Compromise Of China’s Script Revolution By Athena Ru 350 BOOK REVIEWS When True Love Came to China By Lynn Pan Reviewed by Dagmar Borchard 364 Half the Sky: Conversations With Women Artists In China By Luise Guest Reviewed by Niamh Cunningham 367 xii RAS CHINA 2017-2018 Hon President John Edwards – British Consul General Shanghai Hon Vice Presidents Carma Elliot CMG, OBE Peter Hibbard MBE Liu Wei Tess Johnston 1 RAS COUNCIL 2017-2018 Vice President Julie Chun (also Art Focus Convenor) Secretary John Darwin Van Fleet Treasurer Robert Martin Membership Director Parul Rewal Programme Director John Villar Journal Editor Julie Chun Co-Librarians Carolyn H. Robertson Sven Aarne Serrano Council Members Connor Bralla (Non-fiction Book Club Convenor) Furkan Erdogan (History Club Convenor) Sue Morrell Stewart (Events Booking) Johan Uusitalo (IT Support) Ted Willard (THOR Liaison) Tracey Willard Ex-officio Alan Babington-Smith (Vice President, Beijing Chapter) 2 RAS CHINA 2016-2017 Hon President John Edwards – British Consul General Shanghai Hon Vice Presidents Carma Elliot CMG, OBE Peter Hibbard MBE Liu Wei Tess Johnston 3 RAS COUNCIL 2016-2017 President Spencer Doddington (November 2016 - April 2017) Co-Vice Presidents Julie Chun (also Art Focus Convenor) Marcia Johnson Secretary Sandra Strand Treasurer Ted Willard Membership Director Tracey Willard Programme Director John Villar Journal Editor Richard de Grijs Librarian Kyle Pulsifer Council Members Connor Bralla (Book Club Convenor) Furkan Erdogan (History Club Convenor) Duncan Hewitt Carolyn H. Robertson Johan Uusitalo (IT Support) Ex-officio Alan Babington-Smith (Vice President, Beijing Chapter) 4 FOREWORD THE YEAR 2017 marked a significant turn in the Royal Asiatic Society China (RAS)’s tradition and history. After five years in residence at the Sino-British College on Fuxing Middle Road, the RAS Library was re-located in June 2017 to the third floor of the House of Roosevelt at 27 Zhong Shan Dong Yi Road to reinstate the Society’s presence to the Bund as we continue to promote Shanghai’s culture and history. This move was hardly simple as it took the Library Search Committee over a year to find suitable premises, followed by lengthy discussions and negotiations of where the Library was to be housed as our time at the Sino-British College came to a close. Through the much appreciated mediation of the British Consul General John Edwards, Tim Tse of Shanghai’s House of Roosevelt agreed to provide a spacious site to house the collection of 4,000 books, which has been growing incrementally since the Society was re-instituted in China in 2007. On 23 September 2017, just one day shy of the 160-year anniversary of the founding of the RAS China in 1857, the RAS Library was re-dedicated, with many of the 2007 RAS founding members present, including Peter Hibbard (President 2007-2011) who continues to act as advisor and consultant, sharing his wealth of knowledge about the Society’s history. The year 2017 was also a historical moment in personal ways. While the Society had the honour of inaugurating Katy Gow as the first female President, I stepped up from Co-Vice President to be the first Asian female Vice President to counter any claim that RAS remains a colonial organization. With the appointment of greater numbers of women and wider ranges of age and ethnic demographics among council members and conveners, we strive to foster and promote a Society that embraces a culture of diversity. As we have been operating without a President for the past year and a half, I could not have carried on the duties of re-establishing the RAS Library at the House of Roosevelt and keeping the Society operational without the efforts of our dedicated council members whom I acknowledge as ‘Team RAS.’ They are all listed by name and 5 position in the preceding pages. In 1857, when the Society was established, it was international in membership and outlook and we remain as such to this day. In an era of postmodernism and cyber communication, as history is continually being reclaimed and revised, we are doing our part to take the Society into the future while maintaining our heritage. The RAS upholds the tripartite mission of providing a library to its members, publishing the Journal of the RAS China and programming lectures – each of these aims to promote the understanding, knowledge and scholarship of China and Asia to a diverse array of the members of the Shanghai’s foreign community. We are all honoured to call the immensely cosmopolitan metropolis of Shanghai home, either as temporary guests or as long-term residents. May this foundational endeavour, begun in 1857, ensue for another one hundred and sixty years, and longer. Julie Chun RAS Vice President 2017-2018 6 INTRODUCTION RAS Journal Editor 2017-2018 by Julie Chun SINCE THE RE-EstABLISHMENT of the RAS Library on 23 September 2017 at 27 Zhongshan Dong Yi Road, on the third floor of the House of Roosevelt, we have had the honour and pleasure of being called upon by visiting scholars from various parts of the world including representatives from Asia, Europe, the Americas and Oceania. The most surprising visitor and researcher to arrive at the RAS Library during my shift was an older gentleman by the name of David Bridgman from Orlando, Florida, USA. He was introduced to me by our life-time member Betty Barr as one of her schoolmates from her days at the Shanghai American School in the 1940s. After an hour that stretched into two and then three, I learned that David was a fourth generation descendent of Henry Augustus Bridgman. Henry was the elder brother of Elijah Coleman Bridgman. As those familiar with the Society’s history, Elijah was the first American Christian missionary to China and the Royal Asiatic Society’s first president. David had returned to China on several occasions to conduct research on Eliza Jane Gillett Bridgman, who was the wife of Elijah Bridgman and an education pioneer who started the first school for girls in Shanghai and later in Beijing. I had a working knowledge of the Bridgman’s history in China but as David revealed the wealth of his research, I knew this unique narrative needed to be written, shared and archived.