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BOOK REVIEWS the Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version BOOK REVIEWS TheHoly Bible: New RevisedStandard Versioncontaining the Old and New Testaments with the Apocryphal/DeuterocanonicalBooks (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), £13.95. BRUCEM. METZGER,ROBERT C. DENTAN,WALTER HARRELSON, The Making of the New Revised Standard Versionof the Bible (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991), viii + 92 pp., $7.95. This new edition of the Revised Standard Version appeared shortly after the Revised New English Bible (reviewed in NovT 33 (1991) pp. 182-5). The New Revised Standard Version ( = NRSV) stands in succession to the King James Version (the "Authorized" Version)-the original standard version- through the Revised Version of 1881-5, the American Standard Version of 1901, and the RSV of 1952. The North American committee responsible for this latest revision was at work for nearly 15 years. Among the motives behind the new revi- sion were the need to eliminate 'thee' and 'thou' from the translation and, in keep- ing with modern fads, to avoid 'sexist' language. In practice the version is a more radical revision than originally planned. Certainly 'thee' and 'thou' and associated antique forms of the second person of the verb are avoided. As far as inclusive language is concerned, an attempt has been made to reinterpret the Greek when 'man', 'brother', and the like are intended to be non-specific (thus we have 'neighbor' for 'brother' at Matt. 7:3; 'brothers and sisters' or 'friends' for 'brethren' passim; 'others' for 'men' at II Cor. 5:11). 'Kingdom', 'Lord', 'Son' etc. have not been interfered with. Consistency has not been achieved en- tirely : Matt. 5:25 identifies 'the accuser' as 'him'; at Acts 2:14 Peter addresses the men of Judea (cf. Acts 2:22 with the inclusive "You that (sic) are Israelites ... "). Modish sensitivity may lie behind the preference of 'servant' to 'slave'; the ex- planatory gloss that leprosy is a general term for various dermatological condi- tions ; and the translation of Song of Sol. 1:5 "I am black and beautiful..." (cf. REB). However, unlike REB, NRSV renders the two terms for male homosexuals in I Cor. 6:9 in accordance with the Greek without being mealy-mouthed. It must not be thought that this translation is merely an exercise in ecclesiastical or political "correctness". It has emerged as a readable, academically honest, and literary work. It is a worthy successor to RSV. The NRSV has N. American spell- ing and usage (e.g. savior, fulfill, worshiped, one thousand two hundred sixty days (Rev. 11:3)). Attempts have been made to avoid words like ass, bull, dumb, ston- ed ; 'behold' is now 'see' ; 'preached' is 'proclaimed', 'gospel' is 'good news'. This last change may not meet with total acceptance. The blurring of the distinction between 'will' and 'shall' seems unnecessary. 'Begotten' survives in, for example, Heb. 1:5. The quaint "her sins, which are many" (Luke 7:47), and "You are my Son, the beloved" (Mark 1:11) fail to acknowledge the significance of the Semitic word order. Had this feature been recognised, it may not have encouraged "... the blood of his own Son" at Acts 20:28. "I will make you fish for people" at Mark 1:17 obscures the Greek, which does not use a verb 'to fish'. There are bound to be examples like these which will not be universally acclaimed. But it is not appropriate to devote space in an international journal to assess the English style of the translation. Suffice it to say that the NRSV is essentially a literal translation, expressed in reverent, dignified language. Misunderstandings, inac- 102 curacies, unclear renderings, and other blemishes in the RSV have been attended to. B.M. Metzger, writing in The Southwesternjournal of Theology34 (1992) says (p. 11) of this version that "paraphrastic renderings have been adopted only sparing- ly, and then chiefly to compensate for a deficiency in the English language-the lack of a common gender third person singular pronoun". The difficulty at I Cor. 4:6 is circumvented by the addition of "the saying". Christologically significant expressions at Rom. 9:5; Phil. 2:6 (cf. REB); Tit. 2:13; Heb. 1:8 display render- ings where Jesus is identified with God: such renderings are not given at John 1:18 ("Son"); Acts 20:28 or II Thess. 1:12. Unlike RSV, Jesus' reply to Nicodemus extends to John 3:21, which, again, is of Christological import. The text is clearly printed in double columns. The foot of each page contains an indication of what is deemed to be the dominant theme on that page. In some cases the title is very general, e.g. "Sin Offerings"; at other times when several items occur, such as where there is more than one Psalm on a page, or where several gospel pericopes occur, then only one theme is highlighted in this way. Editorial matter is also seen in the footnotes. In the New Testament section these are of three types. 1. Notes prefaced by the word 'or' to draw attention to an alter- native English rendering. It is interesting to see in the note to Phil. 4:3 that we are introduced to a new NT character, Syzygus! A note at Luke 2:37 should have been provided to alert us to the ambiguity in the Greek about Anna's age. 2. Prefaced by 'Gk' to alert us to places where the Greek has not been rendered literally. 3. Prefaced by 'Other ancient authorities' to indicate important textual variants. The number of alternative readings presented in this way is commen- dably high. The majority of those variants that effect translation are the ones to be found in Metzger's Textual Commentary.This is not surprising, given Professor Metzger's intimate involvement with the NRSV. Information about the changes to be made to the apparatus to the 4th edition of the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament (not yet marketed) was made available to the NRSV committee, but I am not sure how such information has influenced the footnoting to the new translation. Unlike RSV, the footnotes do not give Biblical cross-references even where OT citations occur in the NT. One useful and new feature in this present Bible is that the OT Apocrypha con- tain not only the normal apocryphal texts, but also those books in the Vulgate Ap- pendix (3 and 4 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh) and the books included in the Eastern Orthodox Bibles, Psalm 151 (found in the Stuttgart Vulgate Appen- dix), 3 Maccabees and 4 Maccabees (the latter in the Appendix to the Greek Bi- ble). Thus we have here a truly ecumenical collection, although readers who prefer to avoid the OT Apocrypha can purchase copies of the NRSV without this section! It is, however, helpful to have all these texts between one set of covers whatever one's prejudices about their canonical worthiness. Previously one needed to turn to Charlesworth's Pseudepigrapha,for example, to have 3 and 4 Maccabees or Ps. 151 in English. According to F.C. Grant writing in the Introductionto the RevisedStandard Version of theNew Testamentp. 41 the New Testament was based on an eclectic Greek text. It is not Westcott and Hort, or Nestle or Souter "though the readings will as a rule be found either in the text or the margin of the new ( 1 7th)edition of Nestle". (That information is not divulged in the Preface to the RSV itself.) NRSV makes it clear in its preface (p. xiv) that it has been based on the United Bible Societies text of 1966, 1983. This is not surprising as Metzger was one of the editors of that text. This means NRSV could now provide an exact translation for the bilingual, Greek-English, publications of Aland's Synopsis,or the Deutsche Bibelgescllschaft Greek-EnglishNew Testament.Both of these have printed the English of RSV, which does not always render the Greek of the facing page, much to the confusion of the .
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