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Interspecific Geographic Distribution and Variation of the Pathogens
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology xxx (2011) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jip Interspecific geographic distribution and variation of the pathogens Nosema bombi and Crithidia species in United States bumble bee populations Nils Cordes a, Wei-Fone Huang b, James P. Strange c, Sydney A. Cameron d, Terry L. Griswold c, ⇑ Jeffrey D. Lozier e, Leellen F. Solter b, a University of Bielefeld, Evolutionary Biology, Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany b Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States c USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310, United States d Department of Entomology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States e Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States article info abstract Article history: Several bumble bee (Bombus) species in North America have undergone range reductions and rapid Received 4 September 2011 declines in relative abundance. Pathogens have been suggested as causal factors, however, baseline data Accepted 10 November 2011 on pathogen distributions in a large number of bumble bee species have not been available to test this Available online xxxx hypothesis. In a nationwide survey of the US, nearly 10,000 specimens of 36 bumble bee species collected at 284 sites were evaluated for the presence and prevalence of two known Bombus pathogens, the micros- Keywords: poridium Nosema bombi and trypanosomes in the genus Crithidia. Prevalence of Crithidia was 610% for all Bombus species host species examined but was recorded from 21% of surveyed sites. -
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Eukaryot Microbiol
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript J Eukaryot Microbiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 November 18. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2009 ; 56(2): 142±147. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00374.x. Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic characterization of Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite isolated from the European honey bee, Apis mellifera Y.P. Chena, J.D. Evansa, C. Murphyb, R. Gutellc, M. Zukerd, D. Gundensen-Rindale, and J.S. Pettisa a USDA-ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA b USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomic & Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA c Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA d Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, USA e USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA Abstract Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite originally described from Apis cerana, has been found to infect Apis melllifera and is highly pathogenic to its new host. In the present study, data on the ultrastructure of N. ceranae, presence of N. ceranae-specific nucleic acid in host tissues, and phylogenetic relationships with other microsporidia species are described. The ultrastructural features indicate that N. ceranae possesses all of the characteristics of the genus Nosema. Spores of N. ceranae measured approximately 4.4 × 2.2 μm on fresh smears. The number of coils of the polar filament inside spores was 18--21. PCR signals specific for N. ceranae were detected not only in the primary infection site, the midgut, but also in the tissues of hypopharyngeal glands, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, and fat body. -
In Northeastern Oregon
Northwest Science Notes The purpose of Notes is to publish papers typically less than five pages long. No specific format or content is required for articles published as Notes, but all will be peer-reviewed and must be scientifically credible. Authors may contact the Editor about the suitability of manuscripts for this section. Sujaya Rao1, William P. Stephen, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Chiho Kimoto, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 and Sandra J. DeBano, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, Oregon 97838. The Status of the ‘Red-Listed’ Bombus occidentalis (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in Northeastern Oregon Abstract The western bumble bee, Bombus occidentalis, is included on the red list of bees by The Xerces Society. It was once a common bumble bee west of the Cascades but in the late 1990s it experienced a dramatic decline along coastal regions. The cause was speculated to be due to the introduction of pathogens from captive-bred bumble bees used for pollination of greenhouse crops. In extensive surveys conducted in western and southern Oregon, 10 individuals have been recorded since 2000. In this note, we report the collection of 49 individual B. occidentalis over two years in the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve of northeastern Oregon. This finding shows that B. occidentalis persists in northeastern regions of the Pacific Northwest, either because of geographic isolation from or potential resistance to the pathogens that decimated populations in the western part of the region. Further research is needed to determine its occurrence in other regions of its historical range to assess the extent of its decline. -
Non-Leishmania Parasite in Fatal Visceral Leishmaniasis–Like Disease, Brazil
DISPATCHES Non-Leishmania Parasite in Fatal Visceral Leishmaniasis–Like Disease, Brazil Sandra R. Maruyama,1 Alynne K.M. de Santana,1,2 performed whole-genome sequencing of 2 clinical isolates Nayore T. Takamiya, Talita Y. Takahashi, from a patient with a fatal illness with clinical characteris- Luana A. Rogerio, Caio A.B. Oliveira, tics similar to those of VL. Cristiane M. Milanezi, Viviane A. Trombela, Angela K. Cruz, Amélia R. Jesus, The Study Aline S. Barreto, Angela M. da Silva, During 2011–2012, we characterized 2 parasite strains, LVH60 Roque P. Almeida,3 José M. Ribeiro,3 João S. Silva3 and LVH60a, isolated from an HIV-negative man when he was 64 years old and 65 years old (Table; Appendix, https:// Through whole-genome sequencing analysis, we identified wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/25/11/18-1548-App1.pdf). non-Leishmania parasites isolated from a man with a fatal Treatment-refractory VL-like disease developed in the man; visceral leishmaniasis–like illness in Brazil. The parasites signs and symptoms consisted of weight loss, fever, anemia, infected mice and reproduced the patient’s clinical mani- festations. Molecular epidemiologic studies are needed to low leukocyte and platelet counts, and severe liver and spleen ascertain whether a new infectious disease is emerging that enlargements. VL was confirmed by light microscopic exami- can be confused with leishmaniasis. nation of amastigotes in bone marrow aspirates and promas- tigotes in culture upon parasite isolation and by positive rK39 serologic test results. Three courses of liposomal amphotericin eishmaniases are caused by ≈20 Leishmania species B resulted in no response. -
The Western Bumble Bee Was Once Commonly Found N R in the Western United States and Canada
Thanks to Dr. Robbin Thorp, UC Davis. UC Thorp, Robbin Dr. to Thanks Guide developed and illustrated by Elaine Evans, The Xerces Society. Xerces The Evans, Elaine by illustrated and developed Guide Bombus appositus Bombus Bombus morrisoni Bombus Funding for bumble bee conservation provided by the CS Fund. CS the by provided conservation bee bumble for Funding Bombus melanopygus Bombus Bombus bifarius Bombus Visit www.xerces.org/bumblebees for more information. more for www.xerces.org/bumblebees Visit Bombus occidentalis Bombus , please contact [email protected] contact please , find you If FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION INVERTEBRATE FOR S X T OCIETY ERCES HE B. occidentalis B. populations. remaining will use this information to promote conservation of of conservation promote to information this use will www.xerces.org/bumblebees Society and scientists studying bumble bee decline decline bee bumble studying scientists and Society will help document their current range. The Xerces Xerces The range. current their document help will P h o in recent years. Your efforts to search for this bee bee this for search to efforts Your years. recent in t o b y D e Found in the mountains and northern areas northern and mountains the in Found r Columbia to central California have nearly disappeared disappeared nearly have California central to Columbia r Bombus huntii Bombus mixtus Bombus i c k D historic range, but populations from southern British British southern from populations but range, historic i t c h still be found in northern and eastern parts of their their of parts eastern and northern in found be still b u United States and Canada. -
The Conservation Status of Bumble Bees of Canada, the USA, and Mexico
The Conservation Status of Bumble Bees of Canada, the USA, and Mexico Scott Hoffman Black, Rich Hatfield, Sarina Jepsen, Sheila Colla and Rémy Vandame Photo: Clay Bolt Importance of Bumble Bees There are 57 bumble bee species in Canada, US and Mexico. Hunt’s bumble bee; Bombus huntii , Photo: Clay Bolt Importance of Bumble Bees Important pollinator of many crops. Bombus sandersoni , Sanderson’s bumble bee Photo: Clay Bolt Importance of Bumble Bees Keystone pollinator in ecosystems. Yelllowheaded bumble bee, Bombus flavifrons Photo: Clay Bolt Bumble Bee Extinction Risk Assessment Network of 75+ bumble bee experts & specialists worldwide Goal: global bumble bee extinction risk assessment using consistent criteria Bumble Bee Extinction Risk Assessment IUCN Red List Criteria for Evaluating Extinction Risk • Used a database of 250,000+ specimen records (created from multiple data providers and compiled by Leif Richardson for Bumble Bees of North America) • Evaluate changes between recent (2002-2012) and historic (pre-2002): • Range (Extent of Occurrence) • Relative abundance • Persistence (50 km x 50 km grid cell occupancy) Sources: Hatfield et al. 2015 Bumble Bee Extinction Risk Assessment IUCN Red List Criteria for Evaluating Extinction Risk • Analyses informed application of Red List Categories; BBSG members provided review • This method was then adapted applied to South American and Mesoamerican bumble bees. Sources: Hatfield et al. 2015 Bumble Bee Extinction Risk Assessment Trilateral Region 6 4 5 28% of bumble bees Critically Endangered in Canada, the Endangered United States, and 7 Vulnerable Mexico are in an IUCN Threatened Near Threatened Category Least Concern 3 Data Deficient 32 Sources: Hatfield et al. -
Within Colony Dynamics of Nosema Bombi Infections: Disease Establishment, Epidemiology and Potential Vertical Transmission Samina T
Within colony dynamics of Nosema bombi infections: disease establishment, epidemiology and potential vertical transmission Samina T. Rutrecht, Mark J.F. Brown To cite this version: Samina T. Rutrecht, Mark J.F. Brown. Within colony dynamics of Nosema bombi infections: disease establishment, epidemiology and potential vertical transmission. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2008, 39 (5), pp.504-514. hal-00891946 HAL Id: hal-00891946 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891946 Submitted on 1 Jan 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 39 (2008) 504–514 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2008 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido:2008031 Original article Within colony dynamics of Nosema bombi infections: disease establishment, epidemiology and potential vertical transmission* Samina T. Rutrecht1,2,MarkJ.F.Brown1 1 Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2 Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, PO Box 7, Grenada, West Indies Received 20 November 2007 – Revised 27 February 2008 – Accepted 28 March 2008 Abstract – Successful growth and transmission is a prerequisite for a parasite to maintain itself in its host population. Nosema bombi is a ubiquitous and damaging parasite of bumble bees, but little is known about its transmission and epidemiology within bumble bee colonies. -
An Abstract of the Thesis Of
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sarah A. Maxfield-Taylor for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presented on March 26, 2014. Title: Natural Enemies of Native Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Western Oregon Abstract approved: _____________________________________________ Sujaya U. Rao Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important native pollinators in wild and agricultural systems, and are one of the few groups of native bees commercially bred for use in the pollination of a range of crops. In recent years, declines in bumble bees have been reported globally. One factor implicated in these declines, believed to affect bumble bee colonies in the wild and during rearing, is natural enemies. A diversity of fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and parasitoids has been reported to affect bumble bees, to varying extents, in different parts of the world. In contrast to reports of decline elsewhere, bumble bees have been thriving in Oregon on the West Coast of the U.S.A.. In particular, the agriculturally rich Willamette Valley in the western part of the state appears to be fostering several species. Little is known, however, about the natural enemies of bumble bees in this region. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) identify pathogens and parasites in (a) bumble bees from the wild, and (b) bumble bees reared in captivity and (2) examine the effects of disease on bee hosts. Bumble bee queens and workers were collected from diverse locations in the Willamette Valley, in spring and summer. Bombus mixtus, Bombus nevadensis, and Bombus vosnesenskii collected from the wild were dissected and examined for pathogens and parasites, and these organisms were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. -
DNA Amplification from Pin-Mounted Bumble Bees (Bombus) in a Museum Collection: Effects of Fragment Size and Specimen Age on Successful PCR James P
DNA amplification from pin-mounted bumble bees (Bombus) in a museum collection: effects of fragment size and specimen age on successful PCR James P. Strange, Joyce Knoblett, Terry Griswold To cite this version: James P. Strange, Joyce Knoblett, Terry Griswold. DNA amplification from pin-mounted bumble bees (Bombus) in a museum collection: effects of fragment size and specimen age on successful PCR. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2009, 40 (2), pp.134-139. hal-00891957 HAL Id: hal-00891957 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00891957 Submitted on 1 Jan 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 40 (2009) 134–139 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2009 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido/2008070 Original article DNA amplification from pin-mounted bumble bees (Bombus) in a museum collection: effects of fragment size and specimen age on successful PCR* James P. Strange,JoyceKnoblett, Terry Griswold USDA-ARS, Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, BNR 255 Logan UT 84322-5310, USA Received 28 December 2007 – Revised 28 August 2008 – Accepted 15 November 2008 Abstract – Historic data in the form of pinned specimens in entomological collections offer the potential to determine trends in genetic diversity of bumble bees (Bombus). -
New Approaches to Systematics of Trypanosomatidae
Opinion New Approaches to Systematics of Trypanosomatidae: Criteria for Taxonomic (Re)description 1,2 3 4 Jan Votýpka, Claudia M. d'Avila-Levy, Philippe Grellier, 5 ̌2,6,7 Dmitri A. Maslov, Julius Lukes, and 8,2,9, Vyacheslav Yurchenko * While dixenous trypanosomatids represent one of the most dangerous patho- Trends gens for humans and domestic animals, their monoxenous relatives have fre- The protists classified into the family quently become model organisms for studies of diversity of parasitic protists Trypanosomatidae (Euglenozoa: Kine- toplastea) represent a diverse and and host–parasite associations. Yet, the classification of the family Trypano- important group of organisms. somatidae is not finalized and often confusing. Here we attempt to make a Despite recent advances, the taxon- blueprint for future studies in this field. We would like to elicit a discussion about omy and systematics of Trypanosoma- an updated procedure, as traditional taxonomy was not primarily designed to be tidae are far from being consistent with used for protists, nor can molecular phylogenetics solve all the problems alone. the known phylogenetic affinities within this group. The current status, specific cases, and examples of generalized solutions are presented under conditions where practicality is openly favored over rigid We are eliciting a discussion about an taxonomic codes or blind phylogenetic approach. updated procedure in trypanosomatid systematics, as traditional taxonomy was not primarily designed to be used Classification of Trypanosomatids for -
Western Bumble Bee,Bombus Occidentalis
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Western Bumble Bee Bombus occidentalis occidentalis subspecies - Bombus occidentalis occidentalis mckayi subspecies - Bombus occidentalis mckayi in Canada occidentalis subspecies - THREATENED mckayi subspecies - SPECIAL CONCERN 2014 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2014. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Western Bumble Bee Bombus occidentalis, occidentalis subspecies (Bombus occidentalis occidentalis) and the mckayi subspecies (Bombus occidentalis mckayi) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xii + 52 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Sheila Colla, Michael Otterstatter, Cory Sheffield and Leif Richardson for writing the status report on the Western Bumble Bee, Bombus occidentalis, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Jennifer Heron, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Arthropods Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le Bourdon de l'Ouest (Bombus occidentalis) de la sous-espèce occidentalis (Bombus occidentalis occidentalis) et la sous-espèce mckayi (Bombus occidentalis mckayi) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Western Bumble Bee — Cover photograph by David Inouye, Western Bumble Bee worker robbing an Ipomopsis flower. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2014. -
Interspecific Geographic Distribution and Variation of the Pathogens
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 109 (2012) 209–216 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jip Interspecific geographic distribution and variation of the pathogens Nosema bombi and Crithidia species in United States bumble bee populations Nils Cordes a, Wei-Fone Huang b, James P. Strange c, Sydney A. Cameron d, Terry L. Griswold c, ⇑ Jeffrey D. Lozier e, Leellen F. Solter b, a University of Bielefeld, Evolutionary Biology, Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany b Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States c USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310, United States d Department of Entomology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States e Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States article info abstract Article history: Several bumble bee (Bombus) species in North America have undergone range reductions and rapid Received 4 September 2011 declines in relative abundance. Pathogens have been suggested as causal factors, however, baseline data Accepted 10 November 2011 on pathogen distributions in a large number of bumble bee species have not been available to test this Available online 18 November 2011 hypothesis. In a nationwide survey of the US, nearly 10,000 specimens of 36 bumble bee species collected at 284 sites were evaluated for the presence and prevalence of two known Bombus pathogens, the micros- Keywords: poridium Nosema bombi and trypanosomes in the genus Crithidia. Prevalence of Crithidia was 610% for all Bombus species host species examined but was recorded from 21% of surveyed sites.