DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Delayed Mating on Reproductive Performance of Plodia Interpunctella (Hubner)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Journal of Stored Products Research 39 (2003) 53–63 Effects of delayed mating on reproductive performance of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Fangneng Huang, Bhadriraju Subramanyam* Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-2201, USA Accepted 8 January 2002 Abstract Virgin male and female Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner),. were mated soon after emergence or delayed from mating for 1–5 d, to determine the effect of age at mating on the number of spermatophores transferred by males to females, number of eggs laid (fecundity), egg viability, and adult longevity. When male and female moths were mated without delay, all females mated successfully. On average, each mated female had 2.2 spermatophores and laid 161 eggs. About 99% of the eggs laid were viable. Fecundity and egg viability were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spermatophores/female. For each day that mating of virgin male or female P. interpunctella was delayed, fecundity decreased by about 25 eggs. Egg viability decreased by 22%/d only when females were delayed from mating. Males delayed from mating for 5 d were unable to inseminate females. However, about 23% of females had one spermatophore when females or both males and females were delayed from mating for 5 d. On average, 22–39 non-viable eggs were laid by a female in treatments where male or female moths were delayed from mating for 5 d. Similarly, unmated (virgin) females laid 33 non-viable eggs. These results suggest that methods that can delay and disrupt mating may be effective behavioral strategies for managing this important pest of stored commodities and processed foods. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Indianmeal moth; Mating delay; Egg production; Egg viability 1. Introduction Delaying mating has been shown to have a significant effect on the number of spermatophores transferred by males to females, number of eggs laid (fecundity), and egg viability in insect pests belonging to several families of Lepidoptera (Kehat and Gordon, 1977; Ellis and Steele, 1982; *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-785-532-4092; fax: +1-785-532-7010. E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Subramanyam). 0022-474X/02/$ - see front matter r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 0 2 2 - 4 7 4 X ( 0 2 ) 00018-8 54 F. Huang, B. Subramanyam / Journal of Stored Products Research 39 (2003) 53–63 Henneberry and Clayton, 1985; Lingren et al., 1988; Wakamura, 1990; Unnithan and Payne, 1991; Walker, 1991; Proshold, 1996; Knight, 1997; Spurgeon et al., 1997; Fadamiro and Baker, 1999). The effects of delayed mating on reproductive performance of stored-product moths have not been extensively investigated. To our knowledge, there is only one paper (Mbata, 1985) that briefly described the effects of delaying female mating on oviposition in the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner),. an important pest of raw and processed cereals worldwide (Sinha and Watters, 1985). In the present investigation, we examined in detail the effect of male, female, and both male and female age at mating on the number of spermatophores transferred to females, fecundity, egg viability, and adult longevity. This information will be useful in developing mating disruption strategies using pheromones (Jones, 1988a, b; Knight, 1997) and ultrasound (Acharya and McNeil, 1998) for suppressing P. interpunctella populations. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Insects Cultures of P. interpunctella were reared on a poultry-mash diet (Subramanyam and Cutkomp, 1987) at 281C, 65% r.h., and 14 h light:10 h dark cycle. The diet (200 g) in 0.95-l glass jars was seeded with approximately 200 eggs. Corrugated paper spools, placed above the diet in each jar, served as pupation sites for wandering larvae. Pupae collected from spools were sexed using characters described by Butt and Cantu (1962). Male and female pupae were placed in separate 0.95-l jars. Jars were checked twice daily, and moths (0–12-h-old) that emerged were used in experiments. 2.2. Mating treatments There were a total of 18 mating treatments (see Table 1). Newly emerged virgin females were paired with newly emerged virgin males or with 1–5-d-old virgin males (treatments 1–6). Newly emerged virgin males were paired with 1–5-d-old virgin females (treatments 7–11), and 1–5-d-old virgin females were mated with virgin males of the same age (treatments 12–16). In each of these treatments, five females were paired with five males. In two of the treatments, five newly emerged virgin females were not paired with males (treatment 17), and five newly emerged virgin males were not paired with females (treatment 18). Each treatment was replicated 3–6 times by introducing the appropriate number of moths in 0.95-l glass jars. After moth introduction, jars were covered with wire mesh screens (1.58 mm2 holes) fitted to metal lids. The jars were inverted over 9-cm diameter glass Petri dishes to collect the eggs that dropped through the mesh. All jars were held in the same growth chamber used for rearing the insects. Petri dishes and jars were checked daily between 8:00 a.m. and12:00 noon local time, to count the number of eggs laid and number of dead moths. Jars were checked until all adults were dead. Eggs collected daily were placed in 25 mm diameter  10 mm high plastic Petri dishes. These dishes were placed above 10 g of P. interpunctella rearing diet held in 0.47-l glass jars, so that F. Huang, B. Subramanyam / Journal of Stored Products Research 39 (2003) 53–63 55 Table 1 Effects of delayed mating by male, female, or both male and female Plodia interpunctella on preoviposition period and spermatophore transfer Treatment Treatment Preoviposition No. females No. spermatophores/ Percentage of females with 0–4 no. period (d) dissected female (Mean7SE)a spermatophores/female Female Male (Mean7SE)a age (d) age (d) 0 1234 1b 0 0 0.6770.21b 16 2.2470.12a 0.0 6.3 62.5 31.3 0.0 2c 0 1 1.0070.26b 29 1.8370.19ab 0.0 34.5 44.8 20.7 0.0 3c 0 2 0.3370.21b 30 1.5770.29bc 0.0 60.0 26.7 10.0 3.3 4b 0 3 0.5070.29b 20 0.8570.05ef 15.0 85.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5d 0 4 1.0070.00b 24 0.6270.17efg 37.5 62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6c 0 5 2.6770.42a 30 0.0070.00i 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7c 1 0 1.5070.22 30 1.7370.15bc 0.0 46.7 36.7 16.7 0.0 8c 2 0 2.1770.17 29 1.4070.25cd 3.4 69.0 13.8 10.3 3.4 9c 3 0 3.0070.00 30 1.0370.06de 6.7 86.7 6.7 0.0 0.0 10c 4 0 4.0070.00 29 0.5270.07fgh 55.2 34.5 10.3 0.0 0.0 11c 5 0 5.0070.00 30 0.2070.07hi 76.7 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 12e 1 1 1.0070.00 15 1.8070.12abc 0.0 33.3 53.3 13.3 0.0 13e 2 2 2.0070.00 15 1.0770.07de 0.0 93.3 6.7 0.0 0.0 14d 3 3 3.0070.00 21 0.8570.05ef 14.3 85.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 15c 4 4 4.0070.00 30 0.3370.07ghi 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16c 5 5 5.0070.00 30 0.0370.03i 76.7 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 17c female 2.1770.54a a Means in a single column followed by different letters are significantly different (Po0:05; least squares means test). b n ¼ 4 replications. c n ¼ 6 replications. d n ¼ 5 replications. e n ¼ 3 replications. larvae hatching from eggs could infest the diet. These jars were held at the same environmental conditions mentioned above. After 1 week, dishes were checked for eggs that failed to hatch. Egg viability in each dish was determined from the number of eggs out of the total that hatched. Dead female moths were collected and preserved in vials containing 100% ethanol. Females were dissected under the stereomicroscope to determine the number of spermatophores in the bursa copulatrix (Lum, 1979). 2.3. Data analysis A completely random design was used for the experiments. Only the percentage of egg viability data were transformed to angular values (Zar, 1984) before analysis to stabilize variances across the treatments. Data on the number of spermatophores transferred to females, preoviposition period, number of eggs laid, egg viability, or adult (male or female) longevity were subjected to one-way analysis of variance using the PROC GLM procedure (SAS Institute, 1990), to determine treatment differences. Treatment means were separated using the least squares means test at the 56 F. Huang, B. Subramanyam / Journal of Stored Products Research 39 (2003) 53–63 a ¼ 0:05 level (SAS Institute, 1990). For each treatment, the frequency distribution of females with 0–4 spermatophores was expressed as a percentage of the total females dissected. Linear regressions (SAS Institute, 1990) were used to determine the relationshipbetween mating delay (in days) and each of the biological responses observed, and between any two biological responses. 3. Results 3.1. Effects of delayed mating on preoviposition period Preoviposition data in treatments where female mating was delayed were not subjected to statistical analysis, because the preoviposition period was confounded with the number of days females were delayed.
Recommended publications
  • Journal of Insect Science: Vol

    Journal of Insect Science: Vol

    Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 9 | Article 61 Invasive Arthropods 2007 The Bugwood Network (www.bugwood.org) has Correspondence: [email protected] partnered with The Southern Plant Diagnostic Network Laurel wilt is a new vascualar disease of redbay (Persea (SPDN) to develop a comprehensive list of organisms-of- borbonia) and other plant species in the family Lauraceae. interest to SPDN. This list is being used to solicit images The disease is caused by a fungus (Raffaelea sp.) that is in- to populate the IPMImages image archive system troduced into host trees by a non-native vector, the red- (www.ipmimages.org) to support SPDN training and bay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus). The redbay am- educational programs. This project builds upon the suc- brosia beetle was first detected in the U.S. near Savan- cessful Bugwood Network image system that provides nah, Georgia in 2002. Laurel wilt has caused high levels high resolution, identified and credited images that are of redbay mortality in coastal regions South Carolina, available at no-cost for educational uses. The Bugwood Georgia, and Florida and by January 2007 had spread to image system currently contains more than 54,000 im- at least 31 counties. Affected redbays exhibit wilted fo- ages on 9,000 subjects that have been taken by over liage and dark streaks of discoloration in the sapwood. 1,100 contributors in 45 countries. Bugwood web sites re- The disease has also been detected in related species, in- ceived 118 million hits during 2006. The Bugwood Net- cluding sassafras (Sassafras albidum), pondspice (Litsea aes- work – SPDN partnership has been made possible tivalis), avocado (Persea americana) and the endangered through a CSREES Southern Region IPM project with pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) in the field.
  • Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies

    Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies

    Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P.
  • Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest

    Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest

    INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7.
  • New Subdivision of Cotton Production Area of Côte D'ivoire Based on The

    New Subdivision of Cotton Production Area of Côte D'ivoire Based on The

    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2021; 9(3): 50-57 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 New subdivision of cotton production area of Côte www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2021; 9(3): 50-57 d’Ivoire based on the infestation of main © 2021 JEZS Received: 25-03-2021 arthropod pests Accepted: 27-04-2021 Kouakou Malanno National Center for Agronomic Kouakou Malanno, Bini Kouadio Kra Norbert, Ouattara Bala Mamadou Research, Cotton Research and Ochou Ochou Germain Station of Bouake, Entomology Laboratory, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d’Ivoire DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2021.v9.i3a.8689 Bini Kouadio Kra Norbert Abstract National Center for Agronomic Variations in populations of arthropod pests, under the influence of climate change, compromise the Research, Cotton Research effectiveness of the cotton phytosanitary protection strategy in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to establish Station of Bouake, Entomology a new classification of cotton production areas, on the basis of predominant pests. A monitoring was Laboratory, 01 BP 633 Bouaké therefore carried out from 2016 to 2019 in 400 farmers' fields. In these fields, surveys were conducted 01, Côte d’Ivoire weekly, from the 30th to the 122nd day after emergence. Data analysis, through Principal Component Analysis, identified four groups of localities. The first group includes the northeastern localities (4°W to Ouattara Bala Mamadou Department of Physical 5°W: 8°N to 10.5°N) such as Kong, Ouangolodougou, Sordi, Tiékpè, Kaouara. This area is characterized Geography, University Alassane by high infestations of most pests (jassid, white flies, exocarpic lepidoptera, endocarpic lepidoptera, Ouattara, Côte d'Ivoire phyllophagous lepidoptera and mites).
  • Pink Bollworm Pheromone Trapping: Analysis of Trap Design, Pheromone Substrate and Field Spacing

    Pink Bollworm Pheromone Trapping: Analysis of Trap Design, Pheromone Substrate and Field Spacing

    Pink bollworm pheromone trapping: analysis of trap design, pheromone substrate and field spacing Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hoffmann, Michael Peter Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 12:23:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/566685 PINK BOLLWORM PHEROMONE TRAPPING: ANALYSIS OF TRAP DESIGNa PHEROMONE SUBSTRATE AND FIELD SPACING by Michael Peter Hoffmann A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 8 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The Univer­ sity of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however. permission must be obtained from the author.
  • Optomotor Regulation of Ground Velocity in Moths During Flight to Sex Pheromone at Different Heights

    Optomotor Regulation of Ground Velocity in Moths During Flight to Sex Pheromone at Different Heights

    Physzologzcal Entomology (1982) 7,193-202 Optomotor regulation of ground velocity in moths during flight to sex pheromone at different heights L P S KUENEN and T. C BAKER Division of Toxicology and Physiology, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, U.S A ABSTRACT Males of two species of moths (Grapholitha molesta (Busck) and Hehothis virescens (F )) were flown in a sustained-flight tunnel in horizontal pheromone plumes The up-tunnel velocity of the moths increased with increasing height of flight and for G molesta was independent of tunnel wind velocities Use of moving ground patterns verified that the height of flight above the ground was the factor related to the changes in up-tunnel velocity. Even though up-tunnel velocity increased with incieased flight height, angular velocity of image motion did not. Males appeared to use visual cues from the ground pattern and from other sources to determine their up-tunnel velocities The relationship of preferred retinal velocities to optomotoi anemotaxis is discussed Key words. Wind tunnel, optomotor control, flight control, ground velocity, pheromone, flight height, retinal velocity, Graphohtha molesta, Hehothis virescens Introduction constant or 'preferred' retinal velocity the insect should exhibit changes in net ground Various aspects of the control of insect flight velocity (Fig 1) as it changes height above the behaviour have been examined, including the surf ace (Kennedy, 195 1) The independence use of vision by the insect to maintain a of ground velocity from changes
  • Pectinophora Gossypiella (Saunders)

    Pectinophora Gossypiella (Saunders)

    Keys About Fact Sheets Glossary Larval Morphology References << Previous fact sheet Next fact sheet >> GELECHIIDAE - Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) Taxonomy Click here to download this Fact Sheet as a printable PDF Gelechioidea: Gelechiidae: Pexicopiinae: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) Common names: pink bollworm Synonyms: Gelechia umbripennis Larval diagnosis (Summary) Fig. 1: Late instar, lateral view Adfrontal setae are widely separated and AF2 is at the apex of the front Mandible with four teeth, the last one smaller than the others Crescent shaped marking often present on the prothoracic shield Abdominal prolegs with crochets in a uniordinal penellipse Anal crochets in a single uninterrupted band SD1 on A9 is setaform, not hairlike Fig. 2: Late instar, lateral view SD1 on A8 is dorsad to the spiracle Host/origin information The pink bollworm is most commonly intercepted on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) originating from the Caribbean. More than 89% of all interceptions are from Haiti. Origin Host(s) Haiti Abelmoschus esculentus Fig. 3: T1 shield Recorded distribution Pectinophora gossypiella is distributed in scattered locations throughout southern Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia. In the New World it occurs from the southern U.S. to Argentina, including the Caribbean (Gall 1966, Hill 1975). Identifcation authority (Summary) It is important to restrict identifications of P. gossypiella to the proper hosts and known distribution. Pectinophora gossypiella feeds on Malvaceae and has been recorded from the Fig. 4: Abd. crochets Fig. 5: Anal crochets locations listed above. Many of the exotic species related to the pink bollworm, although not common at ports, represent a serious threat to North American agriculture.
  • Recent Literature on Lepidoptera

    Recent Literature on Lepidoptera

    1956 The Lepidopterists' News 121 RECENT LITERATURE ON LEPIDOPTERA (Under the supervision of PBTER F. BELLINGER) Under this heading are included abstracts of papers and books of interest to lepidop­ terists. The world's literature is searched systematically, and it is intended that every work on Lepidoptera published after 1946 will be noticed here; omissions of papers more than 3 or 4 years old should be called to Dr. BELLINGER'S attention. New genera and higher categories are shown in CAPITALS, with types in parentheses; new species and subspecies are noted, with type localities if given in print, Larval food plants are usually listed. Critical comments by abstractors may be made. Papers of only local interest and papers from The Lepidopterists' News are listed without abstract. Readers, particularly outside of North America, interested in assisting with this very large task, are invited to write Dr. BELLINGER (Osborn Zoological Lab., Yale Universiry, New Haven 11, Conn., U. S. A.) Abstractors' initials are as follows: [P.B.] - P. F. BELLIN­ GER; (I.e.] - I. F. B. COMMON; [W.c.] - W. C. COOK; [A.D.] -A. DIAKONOFF; [W.H.]- W. HACKMAN; [J .M.]-]. MOUCHA; [E.M.] - E. G. MUNROE; [N.O.]­ N. S. OBRAZTSOV; [C.R.]- C. 1. REMINGTON; (J.T.]- J. W. TILDEN; [P.V.]­ P. E. 1. VIETTE. B. SYSTEMATICS AND NOMENCLATURE Bauer, David 1., "A new race of Papilio indra from the Grand Canyon region." Lepid. News, vo!.9: pp.49-54, 1 pI. 10 Aug. 1955. Describes as new p, i, kaibabemis (Bright Angel Point, Ariz.) Bell, Ernest Layton, & Cyril Franklin dos Passos, "The lectotype of Megathymus aryxna Dyar (Lepidoptera, Megathymidre)." Amer.
  • 1- REFERENCE to CERTAIN UPIDOPTERA. Sunninghill, Ascot

    1- REFERENCE to CERTAIN UPIDOPTERA. Sunninghill, Ascot

    -1- THE CHEMOSTERILI8ATION OF INSECTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CERTAIN UPIDOPTERA. A thesis submitted by D.G.Campion, B.Sc. for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London. 7 Imperial College Field Station, Sunninghill, Ascot, Berkshire. August, 1970. -2- STP,L.CT 1i4 potential chemosterilants were evaluated by injection application to the noctuid Diparopsis castanea. The most effective was tris-(l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (tepa). Sterility in male moths was permanent although the insects were sexually competitive. Male 4%utographa gamma were similarly sterilised. Both mating effectiveness and oviposition were reduced when female Diparopsis were injected with sterilising doses. Tepa also sterilised male Diparopsis when applied topically in acetone, after overnight contact on treated surfaces or by probing on aqueous solution. In all three instances the sterilised moths were sexually competitive. Male Diparopsis were attracted to virgin females confined in a prototype bait-station; but on arrival did not often probe until at least 3 days old. Unless probing occurred the moths were not sterilized by momentary contact. To facilitate chemosterilant penetration after momentary contact, certain oils were applied to male moths, but all reduced mating effectiveness. Results from population models suggested that the advantage of sterilising attracted males instead of killing them would be slight. Tepa was degraded rapidly when applied to male Diparopsis topically or by injection at temperatures prevailing under field conditions in Central .:,frica. Tepa treatment of female Diparopsis caused a degeneration of young oocytes within 3 days and a shrinkage of mature eggs. No marked effects on the testes of Diparopsis or Lutographa were noted after similar treatment.
  • WO 2017/205751 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT

    WO 2017/205751 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT

    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/205751 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: WHEELER, Christopher; c/o Provivi, Inc., 1701 Col A01M 29/12 (201 1.01) C12N 15/82 (2006.01) orado Avenue, Santa Monica, California 90404 (US). A I 27/00 (2006.01) C12P 19/34 (2006.01) (74) Agent: VEITENHEIMER, Erich et al. ; Cooley LLP, 1299 (21) International Application Number: Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, Dis PCT/US20 17/034697 trict of Columbia 20004-2400 (US). (22) International Filing Date: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 26 May 2017 (26.05.2017) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (25) Filing Language: English CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, (26) Publication Language: English DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, (30) Priority Data: KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, 62/342,807 27 May 2016 (27.05.2016) US MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (71) Applicant: PROVIVI, INC. [US/US]; 1701 Colorado Av PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, enue, Santa Monica, California 90404 (US).
  • Genetic Control

    Genetic Control

    Chapter 16 GENETIC CONTROL E. J. Villavaso USDA, ARS, Boll Weevil Research Unit Mississippi State, Mississippi and A. C. Bartlett USDA, ARS, Western Cotton Research Laboratory Phoenix, Arizona and M. L. Laster USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Management Laboratory Stoneville, Mississippi INTRODUCTION The control of insects which annoy man or attack his food and fiber crops largely had been the exclusive domain of entomologists (and perhaps toxicologists) up to the early 1960s when geneticists became involved in certain new techniques called "genetic" or "autocidal" control procedures. A Russian geneticist suggested the use of clu·omosomal translocations to influence the reproduction of harmful species (Serebrovsky, 1940). However, this suggestion effectively was lost to entomological research until resurrected by Curtis (1968) [for a complete discussion of the history of genetic thought in insect control procedures see Whitten (1985)]. All methods of genetic control require the introduction of detrimental traits into the target population by the release of suitable carrier insects. Released insects are usually reared under laboratory conditions that emphasize mass-production. The quality of a released insect is a poorly understood concept that usually is secondary to production of high numbers. By its very nature, laboratory rearing often produces insects that are less fit than the native insects for life outside the laboratmy. However, as LaChance (1 979) indicated, the components of fi tness for the released and native insects are not necessarily the same. Released insects need not be identical to natives to be effective. The released insects must mate with enough members of the target population to intro- duce their genes into that population, or, in the case of sterile insects, reduce egg hatch sufficiently to effect a negative rate of reproduction.
  • 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control

    4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control

    ©CAB International – for Steven Naranjo 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control STEVEN E. NARANJO1*, GEORGE B. FRISVOLD2 AND PETER C. ELLSWORTH3 1USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA; 2Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 3Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA Integrated pest management (IPM) is the strategic control are very low, successful programmes have integration of multiple control tactics resulting in the resulted in essentially permanent pest control with amelioration of pest damage that takes into consid- very favourable economic outcomes (Cock et al., eration environmental safety, and the reduction of 2015; Naranjo et al., 2015). risk and favourable economic outcomes for growers A second approach – augmentative biological and society at large. For thousands of years, natural control – involves the initial (inoculation) or enemies of pests have been harnessed for crop pro- repeated (inundation) introduction of native or tection (Simmonds et al., 1976). Maximizing this exotic natural enemies to suppress pest populations. source of natural control is a foundational element Augmentative biological control has been widely in IPM for suppressing the growth of incipient pest and successfully deployed in many parts of the populations (Stern et al., 1959). Biological control world. It is perhaps most well known in protected has been defined as the purposeful use of natural agricultural production, particularly in Europe and enemies, such as predators, parasitoids and patho- in developing regions such as China, India and gens, to regulate another organism’s populations to Latin America (van Lenteren et al., 2017).