Molecular Record for the First Authentication of Isaria Cicadae
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Pathogenicity of Isaria Sp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against the Sweet Potato Whitefly B Biotype, Bemisia Tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)Q
Crop Protection 28 (2009) 333–337 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Crop Protection journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cropro Pathogenicity of Isaria sp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) against the sweet potato whitefly B biotype, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)q H. Enrique Cabanillas*, Walker A. Jones 1 USDA-ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA article info abstract Article history: The pathogenicity of a naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria sp., found during natural Received 13 May 2008 epizootics on whiteflies in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, against the sweet potato whitefly, Received in revised form Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, was tested under laboratory conditions (27 C, 70% RH and 26 November 2008 a photoperiod of 14:10 h light:dark). Exposure of second-, third- and fourth-instar nymphs to 20, 200, Accepted 28 November 2008 and 1000 spores/mm2, on sweet potato leaves resulted in insect mortality. Median lethal concentrations for second-instar nymphs (72–118 spores/mm2) were similar to those for third-instar nymphs Keywords: (101–170 spores/mm2), which were significantly more susceptible than fourth-instar nymphs Biological control 2 Entomopathogenic fungi (166–295 spores/mm ). The mean time to death was less for second instars (3 days) than for third instars 2 Whitefly (4 days) when exposed to 1000 spores/mm . Mycosis in adult whiteflies became evident after delayed infections of sweet potato whitefly caused by this fungus. These results indicate that Isaria sp. is path- ogenic to B. tabaci nymphs, and to adults through delayed infections caused by this fungus. -
11 the Evolutionary Strategy of Claviceps
Pažoutová S. (2002) Evolutionary strategy of Claviceps. In: Clavicipitalean Fungi: Evolutionary Biology, Chemistry, Biocontrol and Cultural Impacts. White JF, Bacon CW, Hywel-Jones NL (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel, pp.329-354. 11 The Evolutionary Strategy of Claviceps Sylvie Pažoutová Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic 1. INTRODUCTION Members of the genus Claviceps are specialized parasites of grasses, rushes and sedges that specifically infect florets. The host reproductive organs are replaced with a sclerotium. However, it has been shown that after artificial inoculation, C. purpurea can grow and form sclerotia on stem meristems (Lewis, 1956) so that there is a capacity for epiphytic and endophytic growth. C. phalaridis, an Australian endemite, colonizes whole plants of pooid hosts in a way similar to Epichloë and it forms sclerotia in all florets of the infected plant, rendering it sterile (Walker, 1957; 1970). Until now, about 45 teleomorph species of Claviceps have been described, but presumably many species may exist only in anamorphic (sphacelial) stage and therefore go unnoticed. Although C. purpurea is type species for the genus, it is in many aspects untypical, because most Claviceps species originate from tropical regions, colonize panicoid grasses, produce macroconidia and microconidia in their sphacelial stage and are able of microcyclic conidiation from macroconidia. Species on panicoid hosts with monogeneric to polygeneric host ranges predominate. 329 2. PHYLOGENETIC TREE We compared sequences of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region for 19 species of Claviceps, Database sequences of Myrothecium atroviride (AJ302002) (outgroup from Bionectriaceae), Epichloe amarillans (L07141), Atkinsonella hypoxylon (U57405) and Myriogenospora atramentosa (U57407) were included to root the tree among other related genera. -
Further Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes As Control Agents for Drosophila Suzukii
insects Article Further Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes as Control Agents for Drosophila suzukii Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson * and Neil Audsley Fera, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1904-462-201 Academic Editor: Brian T. Forschler Received: 15 March 2016; Accepted: 6 June 2016; Published: 9 June 2016 Abstract: Drosophila suzukii populations remain low in the UK. To date, there have been no reports of widespread damage. Previous research demonstrated that various species of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes could potentially suppress D. suzukii population development under laboratory trials. However, none of the given species was concluded to be specifically efficient in suppressing D. suzukii. Therefore, there is a need to screen further species to determine their efficacy. The following entomopathogenic agents were evaluated for their potential to act as control agents for D. suzukii: Metarhizium anisopliae; Isaria fumosorosea; a non-commercial coded fungal product (Coded B); Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The fungi were screened for efficacy against the fly on fruit while the nematodes were evaluated for the potential to be applied as soil drenches targeting larvae and pupal life-stages. All three fungi species screened reduced D. suzukii populations developing from infested berries. Isaria fumosorosea significantly (p < 0.001) reduced population development of D. suzukii from infested berries. All nematodes significantly reduced adult emergence from pupal cases compared to the water control. Larvae proved more susceptible to nematode infection. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora proved the best from the four nematodes investigated; readily emerging from punctured larvae and causing 95% mortality. -
EPPO Standards
, EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ ORGANIZATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES 05-11646 PPM point 8.202/9267 PEST RISK ASSESSMENT SCHEME Organism: Claviceps africana Assessor(s): Riccardo Bugiani Plant Protection Service – Regione Emilia-Romagna (Italy) Date: February 2005 Approximate time spent on the assessment 2 PEST RISK ASSESSMENT STAGE 1: INITIATION Reasons for PRA During the second part of nineties, Claviceps africana, responsible for sorghum ergot, spread from the original area and new outbreaks in Mis en forme America and Australia were found. This fact caused a general concern and warning at the global level. The disease was added to EPPO Alert List. Considering that sorghum is an important crop in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) a PRA has been conducted in order to evaluate the phytosanitary risk posed in the pathogen. Identify pest This section examines the identity of the pest to ensure that the assessment is being performed on a real identifiable organism and that the biological and other information used in the assessment is relevant to the organism in question. 1. Is the organism clearly a single taxonomic entity and can it be YES Taxonomy is based on data of Ainsworth and Bisbi's adequately distinguished from other entities of the same rank? (http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/fundic.asp) if yes go to 3 Phylum: Ascomyceta if no go to 2 Class: Ascomycetes Subclass: Sordiaromycetidae Order: Hypocreales Family: Clavicipitaceae Genus: Claviceps Species: africana Claviceps africana was recognised as a distinct species in 1991 after the first description of its teleomorph by Frederickson, Mante & and de Milliano. -
Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Fungus, Isaria Fumosorosea, Against
Kushiyev et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2018) 28:55 Egyptian Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0062-z Biological Pest Control RESEARCH Open Access Efficacy of native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea, against bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Rahman Kushiyev, Celal Tuncer, Ismail Erper* , Ismail Oguz Ozdemir and Islam Saruhan Abstract The efficacy of the native entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea TR-78-3, was evaluated against females of the bark and ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius and Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), under laboratory conditions by two different methods as direct and indirect treatments. In the first method, conidial suspensions (1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia ml−1) of the fungus were directly applied to the beetles in Petri dishes (2 ml per dish), using a Potter spray tower. In the second method, the same conidial suspensions were applied 8 −1 on a sterile hazelnut branch placed in the Petri dishes. The LT50 and LT90 values of 1 × 10 conidia ml were 4.78 and 5.94/days, for A. dispar in the direct application method, while they were 4.76 and 6.49/days in the branch application 8 −1 method. Similarly, LT50 and LT90 values of 1 × 10 conidia ml for X. germanus were 4.18 and 5.62/days, and 5.11 and 7.89/days, for the direct and branch application methods, respectively. The efficiency of 1 × 106 conidia ml−1 was lower than that of 1 × 108 against the beetles in both application methods. -
Effects of the Fungus Isaria Fumosorosea
This article was downloaded by: [University of Florida] On: 11 June 2013, At: 06:27 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Biocontrol Science and Technology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbst20 Effects of the fungus Isaria fumosorosea (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) on reduced feeding and mortality of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Pasco B. Avery a , Vitalis W. Wekesa b c , Wayne B. Hunter b , David G. Hall b , Cindy L. McKenzie b , Lance S. Osborne c , Charles A. Powell a & Michael E. Rogers d a University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA b USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Subtropical Insect Research Unit, 2001 South Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL, 34945, USA c University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA d University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA Published online: 25 Aug 2011. To cite this article: Pasco B. Avery , Vitalis W. Wekesa , Wayne B. Hunter , David G. Hall , Cindy L. McKenzie , -
Antioxidant Activity of N-Hydroxyethyl Adenosine from Isaria Sinclairii
Int. J. Indust. Entomol. Vol. 17, No. 2, 2008, pp. 197~200 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Antioxidant Activity of N-hydroxyethyl Adenosine from Isaria sinclairii Mi Young Ahn*, Jung Eun Heo, Jae-Ha Ryu1, Hykyoung Jeong, Sang Deok Ji, Hae Chul Park and Ha Sik Sim Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-100, Korea 1College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742, Korea (Received 21 November 2008; Accepted 04 December 2008) The antioxidant activity of Isaria (Paecilomyces) sin- worms) was recently introduced in Korea as a crude drug clairii was determined by measuring its radical scav- for the treatment of cancer and diabetes (Ahn et al., 2004). enging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Dongchunghacho was also found to possess selective radicals. The n- BuOH extract of P. sinclairii showed antihypertensive activity in a spontaneously hypertensive strong scavenging activity to DPPH. The anti-oxidant rat (SHR) model (Ahn et al., 2007a) as well as anti-obe- potential of the individual fraction was in the order of sity activity in Zucker fat/fat rats (Ahn et al., 2007b). Sen- ethylacetate > n- BuOH > chloroform > n-hexane. The sitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) n-BuOH soluble fraction exhibiting strong anti-oxi- and tandem mass spectrometry (EI-MS) of the main com- dant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel ponents of the methanol extract of I. sinclairii revealed the column chromatography. N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenos- presence of adenosine (Ahn et al., 2007a). Adenosine may ine (HEA) was isolated as one of the active principles play a role in asthma by enhancing the release of the from the n-BuOH layer. -
Coupled Biosynthesis of Cordycepin and Pentostatin in Cordyceps Militaris: Implications for Fungal Biology and Medicinal Natural Products
85 Editorial Commentary Page 1 of 3 Coupled biosynthesis of cordycepin and pentostatin in Cordyceps militaris: implications for fungal biology and medicinal natural products Peter A. D. Wellham1, Dong-Hyun Kim1, Matthias Brock2, Cornelia H. de Moor1,3 1School of Pharmacy, 2School of Life Sciences, 3Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Correspondence to: Cornelia H. de Moor. School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. Email: [email protected]. Provenance: This is an invited article commissioned by the Section Editor Tao Wei, PhD (Principal Investigator, Assistant Professor, Microecologics Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province in South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China). Comment on: Xia Y, Luo F, Shang Y, et al. Fungal Cordycepin Biosynthesis Is Coupled with the Production of the Safeguard Molecule Pentostatin. Cell Chem Biol 2017;24:1479-89.e4. Submitted Apr 01, 2019. Accepted for publication Apr 04, 2019. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.25 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.04.25 Cordycepin, or 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a metabolite produced be replicated in people, this could become a very important by the insect-pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) new natural product-derived medicine. and is under intense investigation as a potential lead compound Cordycepin is known to be unstable in animals due for cancer and inflammatory conditions. Cordycepin was to deamination by adenosine deaminases. Much of the originally extracted by Cunningham et al. (1) from a culture efforts towards bringing cordycepin to the clinic have been filtrate of a C. militaris culture that was grown from conidia. -
Fungal Pathogens Occurring on <I>Orthopterida</I> in Thailand
Persoonia 44, 2020: 140–160 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.06 Fungal pathogens occurring on Orthopterida in Thailand D. Thanakitpipattana1, K. Tasanathai1, S. Mongkolsamrit1, A. Khonsanit1, S. Lamlertthon2, J.J. Luangsa-ard1 Key words Abstract Two new fungal genera and six species occurring on insects in the orders Orthoptera and Phasmatodea (superorder Orthopterida) were discovered that are distributed across three families in the Hypocreales. Sixty-seven Clavicipitaceae sequences generated in this study were used in a multi-locus phylogenetic study comprising SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1 Cordycipitaceae and RPB2 together with the nuclear intergenic region (IGR). These new taxa are introduced as Metarhizium grylli entomopathogenic fungi dicola, M. phasmatodeae, Neotorrubiella chinghridicola, Ophiocordyceps kobayasii, O. krachonicola and Petchia new taxa siamensis. Petchia siamensis shows resemblance to Cordyceps mantidicola by infecting egg cases (ootheca) of Ophiocordycipitaceae praying mantis (Mantidae) and having obovoid perithecial heads but differs in the size of its perithecia and ascospore taxonomy shape. Two new species in the Metarhizium cluster belonging to the M. anisopliae complex are described that differ from known species with respect to phialide size, conidia and host. Neotorrubiella chinghridicola resembles Tor rubiella in the absence of a stipe and can be distinguished by the production of whole ascospores, which are not commonly found in Torrubiella (except in Torrubiella hemipterigena, which produces multiseptate, whole ascospores). Ophiocordyceps krachonicola is pathogenic to mole crickets and shows resemblance to O. nigrella, O. ravenelii and O. barnesii in having darkly pigmented stromata. Ophiocordyceps kobayasii occurs on small crickets, and is the phylogenetic sister species of taxa in the ‘sphecocephala’ clade. -
Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases
plants Review Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra, Victoria Huertas, Fernando Diánez , Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos and Mila Santos * Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; [email protected] (A.M.-G.); [email protected] (V.H.); [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (B.S.-M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-950-015511 Received: 17 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 10 December 2020 Abstract: Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus Paecilomyces as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use. Keywords: biological control; diseases; pests; Paecilomyces 1. Introduction The genus Paecilomyces was first described in 1907 [1] as a genus closely related to Penicillium and comprising only one species, P. -
Cordyceps Yinjiangensis, a New Ant-Pathogenic Fungus
Phytotaxa 453 (3): 284–292 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.3.10 Cordyceps yinjiangensis, a new ant-pathogenic fungus YU-PING LI1,3, WAN-HAO CHEN1,4,*, YAN-FENG HAN2,5,*, JIAN-DONG LIANG1,6 & ZONG-QI LIANG2,7 1 Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China. 2 Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China. 3 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-8614 4 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-6841 5 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-3975 6 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-5915 7 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2867-2231 *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Ant-pathogenic fungi are mainly found in the Ophiocordycipitaceae, rarely in the Cordycipitaceae. During a survey of entomopathogenetic fungi from Southwest China, a new species, Cordyceps yinjiangensis, was isolated from the ponerine. It differs from other Cordyceps species by its ant host, shorter phialides, and smaller septate conidia formed in an imbricate chain. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined datasets of (LSU+RPB2+TEF) and (ITS+TEF) confirmed that C. yinjiangensis is distinct from other species. The new species is formally described and illustrated, and compared to similar species. Keywords: 1 new species, Cordyceps, morphology, phylogeny, ponerine Introduction The ascomycete genus Cordyceps sensu lato (sl) consists of more than 600 fungal species. -
Studies of Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis Genes in Clavicipitaceous Fungi
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 STUDIES OF ERGOT ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN CLAVICIPITACEOUS FUNGI Caroline Machado University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Machado, Caroline, "STUDIES OF ERGOT ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN CLAVICIPITACEOUS FUNGI" (2004). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 433. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/433 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Caroline Machado The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2004 STUDIES OF ERGOT ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN CLAVICIPITACEOUS FUNGI ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Caroline Machado Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Christopher L. Schardl, Professor of Plant Pathology Lexington, Kentucky 2004 Copyright by Caroline Machado 2004 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION STUDIES OF ERGOT ALKALOID BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN CLAVICIPITACEOUS FUNGI Neotyphodium species, endophytic fungi associated with cool-season grasses, enhance host fitness and stress tolerance, but also produce biologically active alkaloids including ergot alkaloids associated with fescue toxicosis in grazing animals. One approach to reduce fescue toxicosis is to manipulate genes in the ergot alkaloid pathway. The gene, dmaW, encoding the first pathway-specific step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, was cloned previously from Claviceps spp.