Jurnal Seni Musik Kajian Bentuk Pertunjukan Grup

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Jurnal Seni Musik Kajian Bentuk Pertunjukan Grup JSM 3 (2) (2014) JURNAL SENI MUSIK http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jsm KAJIAN BENTUK PERTUNJUKAN GRUP MUSIK ANGKLUNG KRIDOTOMO DI YOGYAKARTA Nusa Galendra Maola Muhammad Eko Raharjo Jurusan Sendratasik, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Info Artikel Abstrak ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Sejarah Artikel: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bentuk pertunjukan grup Diterima Agustus 2014 musik Angklung Kridotomo. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah Disetujui Oktober 2014 deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukan, grup musik Angklung Kridotomo melakukan Dipublikasikan Desember pertunjukan di Pasar Beringharjo pada siang hari dan jalan Malioboro pada malam hari. 2014 Pertunjukan grup Angklung Kridotomo terdiri dari bagian pembuka yang berisi salam dan musik ________________ pembuka, pada bagian inti memainkan lagu pop, campursari dan dangdut, dan pada bagian Keywords: terakhir memainkan lagu request dan di akhiri dengan salam penutup study; music perfomance; Angklung. Abstract ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________ The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe perfomance form of music group Angklung Kridotomo. Research methods applied in this study is qualitative descriptive. The result showed, music group Angklung Kridotomo do perfomance in Beringharjo market at day and in Malioboro street at night. Angklung Kridotomo group perfomance consisted by opening session that contain greeting and play opening music, at the prime session playing pop, campursari, and dangdut music. At the last session playing requested song and ended with closing © 2014 Universitas Negeri Semarang Alamat korespondensi: ISSN 2301- 4091 Gedung B2 Lantai 2 FBS Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: [email protected] Nusa Galendra Maola Muhammad, Eko Raharjo/ Jurnal Seni Musik 3 (2) (2014) PENDAHULUAN A. Metode Penelitian Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif Angklung adalah salah satu contoh kesenian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan musik tradisional asli Indonesia yang mampu metode observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Dalam hal ini, Peneliti menggunakan mengikuti perkembangan zaman dan bahkan di akui di berbagai negara sebagai alat musik yang metode observasi partisipan dengan anggota grup Angklung Kridotomo sebagai partisipan berkelas dan mempunyai nilai seni yang tinggi. dan pada metode observasi sistematik dengan Pada tahun 2010, UNESCO menetapkan angklung sebagai Karya Agung Warisan Budaya melakukan pengamatan dan terlibat langsung oleh anggota grup Angklung Kridotomo dan Lisan dan Nonbendawi Manusia milik Bangsa Indonesia. Angklung adalah alat musik masyarakat disekitar lokasi penelitian. Dalam tradisional yang berasal dari daerah Sunda Jawa penelitian ini, data dokumen diambil dari dokumentasi langsung di lapangan Barat, mampu berkembang pesat di pulau Jawa bahkan sampai Bali. Dari perkembangan menggunakan kamera dan perekam suara. Data yang diperoleh berupa foto, video, dan rekaman angklung yang meluas tersebut, berkembang pula pertunjukan dan penyajian musik angklung. mp3 yang berkaitan dengan pertunjukan dan Banyak grup-grup pemusik angklung yang penyajian musik oleh grup Angklung mengkolaborasikan angklung dengan alat musik Kridotomo. Data tersebut digunakan dalam tradisional maupun modern memberikan nuansa studi dokumen untuk mendapatkan informasi dan data penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan yang baru dan menarik, sebagai contoh bedhug, drum dan calung. metode wawancara tokoh yaitu melakukan wawancara dengan orang yang berpengaruh terhadap objek penelitian, seperti pelindung grup Di Yogyakarta terdapat grup kesenian Angklung Kridotomo, ketua dan anggota grup Angklung yang bernama Grup Angklung Angklung Kridotomo, Kepala UPT Dinas Kridotomo. Grup Angklung Kridotomo Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan. Wawancara merupakan salah satu grup Angklung yang cukup dilakukan secara terstruktur yakni dengan terkenal di Kota Yogyakarta karena arransemen menanyakan pertanyaan yang sudah terdaftar musik nya yang khas dan unik. Lagu yang dan disusun sesuai kebutuhan penelitian. disajikan adalah lagu-lagu modern, misalnya lagu Wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data dangdut dan campursari. Grup Angklung ini informasi mengenai bentuk pertunjukan, biodata biasanya menyajikan musiknya di pasar personil, dan data mengenai grup Angklung Malioboro, sering juga mereka mendapat Kridotomo beserta aktivitasnya. undangan untuk menghibur di acara sunatan, Metode pemeriksaan keabsahan data pernikahan maupun acara resmi. Hal-hal yang menggunakan triangulasi. Peneliti menjadikan grup ini menarik adalah keunikan membandingkan data hasil pengamatan dari grup angklung ini yaitu pengkolaborasian observasi di lapangan dengan wawancara. alat musik yang mereka gunakan yaitu angklung Pengamatan terhadap pertunjukan grup dengan alat musik bambu lain nya seperti calung Angklung Kridotomo dilakukan untuk gambang dan calung dhemung, kostum yang mengetahui bagaimana bentuk pertunjukan grup mereka kenakan yang bervariasi seperti pakaian musik Angklung Kridotomo. tradisional beskap dan batik, seragam koki, dan Peneliti membandingkan data yang didapat kaos seragam, dan bentuk penyajian serta dari informan utama dengan data dari informan komposisi musik yang unik dengan angklung lainnya. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat informan sebagai melodi utama, calung sebagai pengiring utama yaitu salah satu anggota grup Angklung memainkan akord dan diiringi ritmis dari drum Kridotomo, Joko, dan Informan yang lain tripod dan bedhug yang disajikan dengan nuansa adalah Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan yang ceria dan bersemangat. bagian pengelolaan tempat yaitu UPT Malioboro dan masyarakat di sekitar lokasi Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah penelitian. dikemukakan, permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah “bagaimanakah Teknik analisis data yaitu dengan bentuk pertunjukan grup musik Angklung mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji bentuk Kridotomo?” pertunjukan. Tahapan peneliti dalam mengkaji bentuk pertunjukan yaitu: (1) mengumpulkan data dengan pengamatan, dokumentasi, dan wawancara; (2) mendeskripsikan pertunjukan dan 61 Nusa Galendra Maola Muhammad, Eko Raharjo/ Jurnal Seni Musik 3 (2) (2014) seluruh kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan menunjukan hasil kreatifitas mereka. Pertama pertunjukan; (3) mengelompokkan hasil deskripsi mereka menampilkan musik angklung adalah di bentuk penyajian musik; (4) mendengarkan secara daerah pasar Beringharjo pada siang hari, keseluruhan lagu di dalam pertunjukan; (4) kemudian mereka melakukan pertunjukan di mendeskripsikan komposisi musik pada penyajian tempat yang lebih ramai dikunjungi oleh musik (4) mengelompokan data komposisi musik. wisatawan yaitu di daerah Pasar Malioboro. Grup Angklung Kridotomo sangat menarik B. Hasil dan Pembahasan perhatian masyarakat sehingga mereka mendapat undangan untuk mengisi dalam acara-acara Grup Angklung Kridotomo hajatan, festival dan juga acara di hotel-hotel di Yogyakarta. Grup Angklung Kridotomo adalah salah satu grup musik angklung di Kota Yogyakarta. Grup Anggota grup Angklung Kridotomo dari awal ini cukup terkenal di wilayah kota Yogyakarta. terbentuk sampai sekarang ada 6 orang. Grup Grup Angklung Kridotomo terbentuk pada tahun Angklung Kridotomo pernah beberapa kali 2006. Grup Angklung Kridotomo mempunyai berganti anggota grup dan posisi pemain. Berikut enam orang personil dan sudah cukup lama ini adalah data anggota grup Angklung menekuni profesi sebagai pemusik angklung Kridotomo yang masih aktif; (1) Joko memainkan sehingga mempunyai nama yang cukup dikenali calung dhemung; (2) Rudy memainkan angklung; di Kota Yogyakarta. Selain menampilkan (3) Ari memainkan drum tripod; (4) Tri pertunjukan musik angklung di jalanan, grup memainkan calung gambang (5) Ali memainkan angklung Kridotomo juga sering mendapat bedhug kecil, (6) Supri memainkan bedhug besar. undangan di hotel, acara perusahaan dan juga hajatan. Alat Musik Grup musik Angklung Kridotomo ini Pertunjukan grup musik Angklung terbentuk ketika Joko dan teman-temannya Kridotomo terdapat alat musik ritmis (tak merantau dari Banyumas ke Yogyakarta untuk bernada) dan alat musik melodis (bernada). mencari pekerjaan. Karena mencari pekerjaan Angklung adalah alat musik melodis yang terbuat membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama akhirnya dari ruas-ruas bambu yang disusun dan mereka tinggal di rumah kost di daerah Jlagran dimainkan dengan cara digoyangkan sehingga Kulon Kota Yogyakarta milik Bapak Supraptyo. rongga bambu-bambu tersebut saling berpuukulan Joko dan rekan satu grup nya memutuskan untuk dan menimbulkan suara. Angklung yang menjadi pekerja seni. Mereka mencari kesenian digunakan adalah jenis angklung Daeng, yaitu yang unik, digemari masyarakat dan mudah angklung yang bernada diatonis. Angklung untuk dikembangkan yaitu angklung. Bapak Daeng adalah angklung yang dikembangkan oleh Supraptyo memberikan dukungan dengan bapak angklung Daeng Soetigna. Grup angklung membantu dalam biaya pengadaan alat musik. Kridotomo menggunakan angklung dengan Joko membeli satu set angklung berjenis angklung tangga nada diatonis kromatis dari G Sampai G’. Daeng yaitu angklung dengan dengan laras nada Angklung yang digunakan untuk menggantikan diatonis dan membuat sendiri calung gambang melodi vokal sebagai melodi utama pada lagu. dang calung dhemung yang telah dimodifikasi Umumnya angklung dimainkan oleh banyak dengan laras nada diatonis,
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