Our Members: a Directory of RRUKA Members and Their Capabilities

Our Members: A directory of RRUKA members and their capabilities

Blue-skies thinking for real world problems...

Edition 3 - May 2013

Contents

Our Members ...... 3 Contact Details ...... 4 Co-chair Foreword...... 5 RRUKA Members Industry Members RSSB...... 6 Network Rail...... 8

University Members and Research Institutions University of Bath...... 10 University of Birmingham...... 12 Brunel University...... 14 City University London...... 16 Coventry University...... 18 Cranfield University...... 20 De Montfort University...... 22 University of Edinburgh...... 24 University of Essex...... 26 University of Greenwich...... 28 Heriot-Watt University...... 30 University of Huddersfield...... 32 University of Hull...... 34 Imperial College London...... 36 University of Kent...... 38 University of Leeds...... 40 University of Liverpool...... 42 Loughborough University...... 44 Manchester Metropolitan University...... 46 University of Manchester...... 48 Newcastle University...... 50 University of Nottingham...... 52 Queen Mary University London...... 54 University of Reading...... 56 University of Salford...... 58 Sheffield Hallam University...... 60 University of Sheffield...... 62 University of Southampton...... 64 University of Strathclyde...... 66 University of Surrey...... 68 Swansea University...... 70 TRL...... 72 University College London...... 74 University of Warwick...... 76 University of the West of England...... 78 University of York...... 80 1 2 Our Members

3 Contact Details

If you are a member of the academic community and have questions about RRUKA please get in touch with our secretariat by emailing: [email protected]

For rail industry engagement with RRUKA please email: [email protected]

4 Rail Research UK Association

We are delighted to be promoting a wealth RRUKA is inclusive and aims to represent of knowledge and expertise from across all universities and research institutes Britain’s universities. RRUKA reaches carrying out research that may be useful out to industry to let them know what to the railway industry. This is facilitated capabilities there are at universities and by the organisation of meetings, seminars this booklet, which is a live document on and workshops to provide for a targeted the RRUKA website, begins the process knowledge exchange between universities of sharing this information for industry to and the industry. RRUKA also aims to be able to benefit from the research that is maintain a ‘map’ of expertise that will being undertaken. help identify experts in specific technical areas. As part of that aim this directory of The Rail Research UK Association expertise has been produced. (RRUKA) is a partnership between Britain’s railway industry and universities. It was set RRUKA has held a number of workshops up in 2010 with the following aims: and events covering a range of topics • To support and facilitate railway – from overcoming the obstacles to research in academia. achieving a 24/7 railway, to the challenges of achieving a half cost train system, • To develop a common understanding and predicting future risk. We are also of research needs to support the rail working alongside TSLG to look at how the industry and its future development. academic community can contribute to the • To identify research, development delivery of the Rail Technical Strategy. and application opportunities in railway science and engineering. We welcome proposals from industry or academia for further event topics. • To provide of innovative solutions to the rail industry. This document by its nature is not static and will be updated - the latest version will RRUKA provides a central focus for all be available on the RRUKA website (www. research institutions who undertake rruka.org.uk) research that could be of benefit to the railway industry who want to access that We look forward to working with industry research, use it or support further research. and academia to promote the aims of RRUKA. Over 30 Universities, Research Institutes, and industry bodies are members of RRUKA. An executive committee made up of elected academic members and nominated industry members oversees the operation of RRUKA and is led by two Co- Colin Dennis Simon Iwnicki Chairs. The core activities of the Industry Co-Chair Academic Co-Chair association are supported by RSSB and Network Rail on behalf of the GB railway industry. 5 RSSB

RSSB: An introduction

RSSB is a not-for-profit company owned Research is one of the core capabilities and funded by major stakeholders in the RSSB provides the industry alongside: railway industry, but is independent of any • Risk modelling one party. RSSB is funded by levies on its members and grants for research from • Managing safety information the Department for Transport. RSSB’s • Reporting systems (including members include the infrastructure confidential reporting) manager, passenger and freight • Shared standards operating companies, rolling stock leasing companies, infrastructure contractors and • Technical expertise suppliers. A significant proportion of RSSB’s staff Through RSSB, the rail industry has access are technical experts, who provide vital to a unique set of functions, features and input across the range of RSSB’s services. services. They represent a combination of Our expertise covers the main branches services which can be used to underpin of railway engineering, including track knowledge-based decision-making through and structures, control, command, and a range of co-operative programmes, signalling, rolling stock, and energy; it also groups and activities. This represents an covers railway operations, human factors, efficient and cost-effective means for the workforce development, risk analysis, industry to research, develop and problem- decision support, safety management solve while retaining complete ownership systems, and sustainable development. and direction of the products on its behalf.

RSSB’s consensus building role has developed, as industry has exploited its functions, and the benefits from cooperation have increased. The unique mix of people, capabilities and stakeholder engagement provide the industry with a very efficient way of addressing issues, and taking decisions collectively - and having a research capability to support this.

6 RSSB

An overview of research and innovation capabilities

Research and development, and that come together to address particular the innovations they bring, underpin aspects of the system. the delivery of a safe, reliable and environmentally friendly railway while A solution may not always need a project. offering value for money, so industry RSSB has a range of knowledge searching and government benefits from investing and sharing services so that the time and in a shared research and development effort involved in a dedicated research programme. project might be saved. These services aim to maximise the opportunities for the GB Managed by RSSB, the programme railway industry to benefit from technology supports individual companies working developments in other industries and together and how the system works as countries. a whole. This R&D capability has been largely funded by the government, with RSSB has also established a range of funding also coming from RSSB members partnerships aimed at sharing knowledge, and the European Union. maximising the value delivered from the funds available and providing a focus for The programme has delivered a wide rail research and innovation. range of solutions, toolkits, standards, approaches and knowledge to improve the These include partnerships with the operation and engineering of the railway Engineering and Physical Sciences system, and supporting the people that Research Council (EPSRC) and the make it work. Technology Strategy Board (TSB) extend the focus of research further towards both The programme has evolved from being ends of the research spectrum as part of solely about safety to a broad portfolio of delivering innovation. In addition, RSSB issues where industry wants to collaborate. participates in European funded research, The focus is on providing a solution to a on behalf of GB rail. The co-funding they problem or opportunity, and increasingly deliver allows the industry to benefit from this does not always involve a conventional research generated by millions of pounds approach to research. of additional investment.

Research and development supports Recognising the contribution that the industry’s needs in a wide range of areas, academic community can make to rail from tactical incremental innovations, to innovation, the industry actively engages long-term step changes in technology. with the university sector. This has led to Other more strategic research aims to help RSSB establishing RRUKA as a bridge achieve the industry and government’s long between industry and academia which term strategy for the railway. brings together those who do research with those who can use and fund it. RSSB and In delivering the programme, RSSB Network Rail are members of and co-fund works in support of cross-industry groups RRUKA.

7 Network Rail

Network Rail: An introduction

Network Rail runs, operates, maintains and Network Rail’s mission is to provide a invests in Britain’s rail network. Today more safe, reliable and efficient railway fit for people travel by rail than at any point since the 21st century. As part of this Network the 1920s - when the rail network was Rail is seeking to transform Britain’s around twice its current size. Key aspects railway and meet the current challenges of being: cross industry collaborative working and whole system cost effectiveness through • Every year 1.3 billion journeys are building on the progress made, working made on Britain’s railway and 100 with industry partners and stakeholders to million tonnes of freight is transported achieve the rail network that meets future by rail between ports, factories and GB rail needs. The ‘4Cs’ targets have shops. established the Network Rail research • One million more trains run every strategy to deliver a cost efficient railway year than just five years ago but the that meets the needs of the customer, is increasing popularity of rail means sustainable and optimises the capacity that, at peak times, there is no space within the economic constraints. for more trains on the busiest parts of the network. • Despite this, demand is still increasing. Over the next 30 years passenger demand for rail will more than double and freight demand is expected to go up by 140%. • Freight traffic has increased dramatically since privatisation - our network now carries 28 billion tonne kilometres of freight a year. • Rail is one of the best options for a greener journey with lower emissions than road or air travel.

8 Network Rail

An overview of research and innovation capabilities

Central to this approach is contributing to These partnerships are part of Network industry efforts by being a key player in Rail’s wider long-term planning and leading and participating at industry level strategy to invest in skills (sponsoring rail research and innovation activities both MSc students, advanced apprenticeship in UK and Europe, working closely with: scheme, training of our own people), avoiding another lost generation of • TSLG (Technology Strategy engineers, jobs and technology (research, Leadership Group) innovation, new technology and methods • Industry SIC (System Interface of working). The research will contribute Committee) working to Network Rail’s delivery of its five year • RRUKA Delivery Plan and the vision for 2014 and beyond. • ERRAC • Royal Academy of Engineering in its Network Rail significantly invests in people initiative in rail research development programmes for graduate engineers, apprenticeships and workforce Currently Network Rail is working with development in general. Also there is around 15 universities in a diverse range increased emphasis in introducing new of subjects from risk to railway capacity innovative technologies and approaches and engineering. They are funded in through the well used innovation process three principal ways; through a contract - Think, Explore, Plan, Do. This works to provide research from Network Rail’s internally as well as externally with seedcorn budget, Government funding suppliers and key stakeholders prioritising through a Research Council award or as the needs and challenge areas. Network partners in an EU collaborative project. Rail holds an annual Rail Research and In addition to these funding mechanisms Innovation conference to share the learning Network Rail has established strategic from the research. research partnerships at the Universities of Nottingham, Sheffield, Birmingham and Imperial College London. This recognises the advantages of longer term relationships allowing the universities to build a centre of excellence in railway engineering. Each university has a specific theme of specialisation although they may propose a research project on any subject where they have a capability.

9 University of Bath

Contact Dr Shane Donohue [email protected] 01225 386 296 www.bath.ac.uk

The University of Bath has extensive expertise in the area of slope stability and in more recent times has begun to focus some of this research effort into the specific area of railway earthwork stability. This research has primarily been carried out by three lecturers in the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Dr. Shane Donohue, Dr. Paul McCombie and Dr. Andrew Heath.

10 University of Bath

Transferable capabilities for rail

Dr. Donohue has published on topics Dr. Heath’s research interests are in specifically related to slope and laboratory testing and modelling of soils, railway earthwork stability for example, landslide assessment, transportation identification of unstable slopes, forensic infrastructure engineering, and the use studies of failure mechanisms combining of earth, waste and other sustainable geophysical and geotechnical analysis and materials in construction. cyclic loading of granular materials. Some of this work has highlighted the potentially In terms of future railway related research, important role of geophysics, when used in Dr. Donohue has recently submitted a conjunction with geotechnical investigative funding proposal to the EPSRC to look at methods, in providing a more complete non-destructive geophysical measurements understanding of the physical behaviour for improving assessment and of slopes under investigation. In addition understanding of railway earthwork stability to being non-invasive, a number of these and the effect of rainfall and climate on techniques are cost-effective and rapid and these measurements. This work will be may provide 2D and 3D information. This carried out in collaboration with the British makes them ideal for studying the spatial Geological Survey and the Gloucestershire- and temporal variations of the subsurface Warwickshire Steam Railway Plc. From that cannot be captured using discrete this work it is intended that further railway boreholes or other forms of geotechnical related research will be carried out at the investigation. University of Bath in the near future.

Dr. McCombie has industrial and research experience in the stability of soil slopes and the development of design software. Some of his current work includes the development of novel methods of analysis for slope stability.

11 University of Birmingham

Contact Professor Christopher J. Baker [email protected] 0121 414 5067 www.railway.bham.ac.uk/

The Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education brings together a multidisciplinary team from across The Uni-ver¬sity of Birmingham to tackle fundamental and applied railway problems. The team actively engages with in¬dustry, other universities and international partners. The Centre also delivers MRes and MSc postgraduate programmes in Rail¬way Systems Engineering and Integration, with some 120 registered students at any one time, as well as a range of short programmes for industry. Some 15 academic staff with major railway research interests are associated with the Centre, working with around 15 research staff and supervising 35 doctoral students. The Centre operates advanced facilities in the areas of rail interface testing, high speed aerodynamics evaluation and hybrid drive technologies. Staff have strong links to other UK institutions and many overseas universities and research centres.

Mission Statement: Providing fundamental scientific research, knowledge transfer and education to the international railway community

Transferable capabilities for rail

• Aerodynamics for Railways- physical • Condition Monitoring: Development modelling (wind tunnel experiments, of sensor technologies and data moving model wind tunnels and analysis algorithms for early detection extreme wind simulators); numerical of deterio-rating or failing components modelling (RANS/DES and LES on and subsystems of railway equipment ~1,500 processing cores); full scale during in-service operation; (trains / trackside). • Impact of Environment Factors and • Asset Management: Collection Climate Change on Railways: Study and analysis of asset data and of phenomena, including extreme development of whole life-cycle weather events, and investigation stewardship tools. De-velopment of of mitigation measures to deal with advanced methods and techniques unstable ground, sand, wind and of infrastructure maintenance for the water impacts; 24/7 railway; 12 University of Birmingham

• Geotechnical Engineering and Track • Railway Control and Signalling: Design: Development of new ground Development of low cost methods to stabilisation techniques that can control train movements safely and be effected with track in-place, and effectively; movement of water in the ballast, • Risk and Safety Management: sub-ballast layers and its impact on Analysis of infrastructure safety risks track behaviour; and development of assessment • Materials and Metallurgy: techniques; Characterisation (SEM, TEM, • Systems Engineering: development FIB, EBSD etc) and prediction of of an integrated railway ontology microstructural damage in rails and and its application to railway wheel steels; 3D characterisation of technology enhancement and rail defects; residual stresses subsystem research, Development of • Modelling and Computation: High methodology for modelling complex accuracy railway service modelling, railway systems computational fluid dynamics, • Traction Systems for Railways: numerical modelling of track and Development of efficient propulsion trackbed research; and braking systems that are • Network Capacity and its integrated with railway control. Study Management: Development of of hybrid traction systems including algorithms to control railway hydrogen energy storage. Innovative bottleneck areas and networks; power converters integrating electrical storage devices • Non Destructive Testing: Integrated approach to defect detection using ACFM, UT, MPI and eddy current testing. Wheelset and structural health monitoring - acoustic emission / vibration analysis. Metallographic replicas capability. • Operations Management for Railways: Analysis of traffic flows and research into passenger interchanges and freight logistics systems; study of industry performance measures and finances over the long term • Power Supply Systems for Railways: Measurement and modelling of power supply systems for railways. Vehicle power instrumentation systems. Laboratory based traction system evaluator. Optimisation of railway traction systems; 13 Brunel University

Contact Dr Mark Young [email protected] 01895 266 527 www.brunel.ac.uk

Brunel University is currently active in three areas of research directly relevant to the railway industry, all of which are based in the School of Engineering and Design. These are: human factors and ergonomics (Dr Mark Young), materials processing (Dr Karnik Tarverdi), and structural health monitoring (Prof Tat-Hean Gan).

14 Brunel University

Transferable capabilities for rail

Human Factors and Ergonomics: Dr Structural Health Monitoring: Prof Hean Young leads the Ergonomics Research Gan leads the Non-Destructive Testing Group, working on various projects with and Structural Health Monitoring Research a strong focus on transport. The group’s Group at Brunel University. The group facilities include a desktop train driving has been highly successful in creating simulator, specifically procured for rail industrial innovation research resources research. Expertise areas include mental that sits between the knowledge base and workload, situation awareness, interface industry, supporting partners in industry to design and human error. Dr Young has transfer academic research into industrial supervised an RRUKA sponsored PhD application. The group has been working student, examining train driver situation in various sectors such as Construction awareness and interface design for future and Engineering (eg rail, bridges, building, high-speed train driving. Through Dr road), oil and gas, power generation Young’s prior work in the rail industry, the (renewables, nuclear, etc) and aerospace. group has strong links with RSSB, Network The group has a wide range of knowledge Rail, and other key rail research groups in and expertise in: (i) Low cost and robust the UK (such as the team at the University sensors (Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic), of Nottingham). (ii) Electronics - Low power consumption for multiple channels, wireless, high speed, Materials Processing: Dr Tarverdi is wideband, fast bps, energy harvesting, Director of Extrusion Technology in the (iii) Signal and image processing and Wolfson centre for materials processing numerical modelling - noise reduction, at Brunel University. The centre uses signal condition and control (including a wide range of industrial processing active vibration control), data interpretation techniques, with particular emphasis on and analysis, (iv) Automation and robotics polymer mixing, extrusion and moulding of inspection system. Prof Gan is currently technologies, including unique mixing leading an EU FP7 project in rail condition and injection moulding techniques inspection and monitoring worth over developed at the centre. Research is 200,000 Euros. underpinned by extensive state of the art instrumentation for thermal, rheological, chemical and structural in including micro characterisation of materials, together with modern mechanical and related physical testing facilities. The Wolfson centre for materials processing is involved with European framework FP7 projects, projects funded by the Technology strategy board, including projects funded by DEFRA and EPSRC.

15 City University London

Contact Andrew Huddart [email protected] 020 7040 3518 www.city.ac.uk/transport-hub

City University London is a long The university has a network of established, globally-connected university interdisciplinary activity called the City offering academic excellence for business Collaborative Transport Hub which and the professions. brings together responses to transport challenges. The Hub places a high priority All of the schools have academics, on developing effective connections with research and education programmes practitioners. relevant to the effective and innovative management of transport, ranging from exploration of novel technologies and business models to regulatory reform.

Specialist strengths of high relevance to rail include innovative digital and mathematical modelling of new technologies such as energy and control systems, the resilience and security of socio-technical systems, and complex human factors study.

Photo by Grayscale Photography

16 City University London

Transferable capabilities for rail

Enabling technologies, rail applications: Network Systems and Properties, ● Integrated sensor systems and Operational Topics: machine vision ● System properties, diagnostics and railway flow diagnostics ● Evaluation of safety and reliability in socio-technical systems ● Emergent properties: risk, assurance, uncertainty analysis ● Dynamic analysis of vehicle / structure / OLE interface ● Performance based logistics ● Rail track geometry monitoring based ● Reliability and maintenance on sensors of complex systems, lifecycle engineering and lifecycle costing ● Track fault detection and prediction based on audio data with machine ● Supervisory control, timetabling and learning scheduling ● Evaluation of hybrid and alternative ● Accidents, emergency handling and powertrain design (eg mechanical crisis management flywheels) ● Overall optimisation ● Investigation of fuel cell performance ● Re-engineering of management and design optimisation processes aiming for reduction of ● Structural dynamic analysis operational complexity (holonics) and stability using Wind Tunnel ● Optimal decision support for techniques inspection, monitoring and ● Stochastic modelling and applied maintenance of systems subject to statistical methods wear and degradation ● Data fusion and elicitation to support ● Corrective-, usage-, and condition decision making based maintenance

17 Coventry University

Contact Dr Gillian Overend [email protected] 024 7679 5667 www.coventry.ac.uk

Transferable capabilities for rail Coventry University combines a base of ac- Transport Infrastructure and Environ- ademic excellence with a focus on applied ment: Learning more about the whole jour- research - innovation, knowledge transfer ney life cycle from the moment a person and service provision. We offer a range of leaves home until they reach their destina- capabilities that are or could be applied to tion is central to this area of research and rail including: developing a user-focused design. Co-mo- dality has the potential to improve multi- Integrated Transport and Logistics mode freight and the increase in use of ‘Grand Challenge’: Coventry University public transport. Environmental issues will have identified several ‘Grand Challenges’ also be considered in relation to the need as critical areas of future applied research to travel. focus and substantial growth, one of which is Integrated Transport and Logistics. This initiative is supported by multidisciplinary academic expertise from across the University Group including design, ergonomics, human factors, socioeconomics, intelligent transport systems, telecommunications, logistics and architecture.

Passenger Experience: Integrated transport needs to embrace holistic design principles and create the user experience – recognising the emotional aspect of a journey is just as important as the operational. Projects will explore individual expectations of public transport use and target those communities who use it..

Design and Graphics by Gabriel Leul. He graduated in 2011 from Coventry University with an MDes in Transport

18 Coventry University

Transport Design: Understanding trans- on the outcomes of improved integrated, port user behaviour to inform the retrofitting intelligent transport and logistic services for of existing vehicles and the design of new economies and society. public transport vehicles and services is a Through the wider University group, we of- central area of research. Coventry is already fer additional business solutions primarily a leader in the area of product and automo- through Coventry University Services Lim- tive design and by understanding travel be- ited, for general commercial engagement haviour needs it will help to shape improve- and our wholly owned subsidiary ACUA. ments in modes and distances of travel. External Links: We have worked in partner- Logistics: Devising innovative solutions for ship with the following rail industry and pub- the movement and storage of goods, data lic transport organisations: Centro (through and services supports the logistics sector which we are a member of the Green Trans- of UK industry. Demand chain, production port Charter), RRUKA and Bombardier. We chain and supply chain issues are grow- also have strong links in an advisory capac- ing in number and complexity. The need to ity with the Transport Select Committee. reduce costs and improve services means freight companies are looking for innovative For further information: Please contact solutions such as Lean and Six-Sigma – Leyna Cowie, Head – Corporate Partner- areas in which Coventry has considerable ship Unit, Coventry University, leyna.cow- experience. [email protected] or on 079 7498 4624.

Intelligent Transport Systems: Improv- ing air quality, safety and emissions and enhancing mobility and social inclusion will be an important focus of the challenge. The need to move people and goods quickly, ef- ficiently and cheaply is essential to economic success and for supporting social inclusion. To reduce congestion and the strain on transport systems a combination of technology, policy making and behaviour change is needed and on an international scale.

Socio Economic Issues: Exploring the economic opportunities for business and local economies will be a major area of research in the move towards low carbon, integrated and sustainable transport systems. Coven- try has experience of identifying growth sectors in this area. Further research will focus

19 Cranfield University

Contact Professor Andrew Starr [email protected] 01234 758 374 www.cranfield.ac.uk

Cranfield University is a distinctive, wholly organisations. Nurturing and developing postgraduate university – a forward thinking future leaders in competitive global institution where world-class research businesses; providing them with the and innovation leads to world changing expertise and confidence to face up to solutions. Cranfield is a major contributor in the challenges of a constantly changing the UK and internationally. environment. The university has an extensive track record in engineering, Collaboration with industry is key to linking them with business and commerce. their success. They undertake research An extensive range of facilities underpins and consultancy for industrial clients, the work undertaken. non government, and government

Transferable capabilities for rail

Technical: Safety and behaviour: • Rail monitoring with optical fibre • Passenger safety research: National grating sensors: Fibre Bragg survey of railway passenger gratings for strain measurement perceptions of risk and safety on – experimental work on tram the railway network, to assess their tracks; composite material process perceptions and priorities in safety monitoring using long period grating related situations, and to establish sensors - techniques to monitor the passenger priorities for improvement. cure of resins in composites using Passenger information requirements optical fibre grating sensors. in safety related situations on the railway network, to assess the • Convective heat dissipation from requirement for new technology and wheel-hub-mounted railway brake determine how best to encourage discs, awarded the IMechE William appropriate passenger behaviours. Alexander Agnew Meritorious Award/ Clarence Noel Goodall Award. • Driving Research Group: psychologists working with the • Cranfield Impact Centre: Passenger private and public sector on research safety in rail crashes – passenger concerned with driver behaviour. crash protection. Human factors in rail and road safety. • Fault diagnosis, condition monitoring and prognosis and maintenance Business: planning technologies for rotating machines and electro-mechanical • Transaction costs within rail firms; systems; health monitoring franchised train operating firms for bearings, electric motors, in Britain; benchmarking of train gears, generators; experimental operating firms; deregulation and degradation, data analysis, globalisation. mathematical modelling and signal • Competition between air transport processing techniques; life cycle cost and high-speed rail in Japan. for railway condition monitoring. 20 Cranfield University

Cranfield is a centre of expertise in: • Safety and Accident Investigation: • Through-life Engineering Services: The Cranfield Safety and Accident Cranfield leads this National Investigation Centre specialises on EPSRC Centre which aims to transportation safety management enable industry to deliver high value and incident / accident investigation. products with outstanding availability, The Centre’s link with accident predictability and reliability with the investigation extends over more lowest life cycle cost. This includes than 30 years. In recent years, the technology and processes for Centre has built upon its strong improved design and manufacturing international reputation for aircraft of engineering services; reduced accident investigation training to whole life cycle cost of high-value develop investigator training that products; interactions between also suits rail and marine accident mechanical,electronics and software investigators. This world-first course systems; innovative and potentially was developed in close collaboration disruptive strategies; regenerative with the UK Rail, Marine and Air manufacturing. Accidents Investigation Branches of the Department for Transport • Welding Engineering and Laser and has already trained over 250 Processing: welding and welding investigators. automation: welding laboratory – arc welding process development, welding metallurgy and welding process automation; damage tolerance, fatigue and structural integrity; fatigue and fracture of metallic and polymer composite materials, structure and component design, manufacturing quality, damage detection and monitoring systems.

21 De Montfort University

Contact Dr Eric Goodyer [email protected] 0116 207 8509 www.dmu.ac.uk

DMU Interdisciplinary Group in communities the group provides answers Intelligent Transport Systems to technological, economic and societal (DIGITS) questions around sustainability and modal change. In particular, the health and well- Specialists in intelligent transport and being of communities. transport infrastructure solutions Key areas of expertise include: The De Montfort University Interdisciplinary Group in Intelligent Transport Systems • Intelligent integrated traffic and air (DIGITS) is a research group of academics quality control who focus on a wide range of intelligent • Mechanical behaviour of pavement transport and transport infrastructure and rail track materials solutions. The group is dedicated to • Airport and harbour environment carrying out research and developing modelling and evaluation programmes that will progress the introduction of sustainable urban and • Geographical information systems regional transport policies across the and data mining European Union and internationally. • Computational intelligence By working in partnership with industry, • Embedded systems and ECU design transport service providers, government • Telematics and satellite navigation and other research institutes and applications

22 De Montfort University

Transferable capabilities for rail

Smart Maintenance & Analysis of • Transport greening Transport Infrastructure (SMARTRAIL) • Health, safety and security of citizens SMARTRAIL project brings together • Associated economic impacts experts in the areas of highway infrastructure research, SME’s and railway Integrated Traffic Management and Air authorities who are responsible for the Quality Control Using Space Services safety of national infrastructure. The goal of (iTRAQ) the project is to reduce replacements costs, iTRAQ is a project to develop a dynamic reduce delay and provide environmentally traffic management system for optimising friendly maintenance solutions for ageing use of the road network whilst meeting infrastructure networks. This will be growing demands to sustain high standards achieved through the development of of air quality in urban environments. With state-of-the-art methods to analyse and the strong need for local authorities to meet monitor the existing infrastructure and the challenges of sustainable transport to make realistic scientific assessments as well as meeting air quality targets. of safety. Having received EU funding A consortium of UK industry, academic the SMARTRAIL vision is to provide a and local authority partners tackle these framework for infrastructure operators to challenges by collaborating on this ensure the Safe, Reliable and Efficient European Space Agency funded project. Operation of ageing European railway iTRAQ provides near-real-time traffic networks. light control strategies to optimise traffic Intelligent Solutions Sustaining Urban and pollution levels. A computational Economies (THE ISSUE) intelligence core forecasts the traffic and THE ISSUE is a collaborative three air quality and reacts to these before year programme to develop a European queues and pollution levels can build up. Network of Mature Triple Helix Regions iTRAQ also provides forecasts of traffic and to promote the development, deployment pollution levels, to make more informed and use of Intelligent Transport Systems decisions before congestion or pollution to deliver transport-health-environmental levels can build up: benefits. Funded by the European Union • Extensive tests confirmed feasibility FP7 programme and coordinated by of iTRAQ Leicester City Council, the project brings • Live system optimising two junctions together a consortium of regional research showed: clusters (UK, France, Italy, Poland, Finland, o Increase in traffic flow 89% of the Greece, Romania & Spain) whose core time members are already pursuing research and technology development (RTD) in o Decrease in traffic delay every programmes that map on to their local or time (> 3 %) regional transport policy priorities. Key o Air Quality improvements of up to research areas include: 2% • Transport impacts on urban mobility 23 University of Edinburgh

Contact Professor Mike Forde [email protected] 0131 650 5721/07831 496 249 www.ed.ac.uk

The University of Edinburgh was founded in 1583, is a member of the Russell Group, has a student population of approximately 25,000. It employs around 3,500 staff.

The University has been actively involved with Railway Engineering since 1997 and supports the international “Railway Engineering” conference series.

24 University of Edinburgh

Transferable capabilities for rail

The academics closely involved in this work Infra-red Thermography has been are: Prof Mike Forde, FREng, FRSE, FACI, used to qualitatively measure ballast Dr Antonis Giannopoulos and Professor moisture content (Dr Max Clark). The Yong Lu, FASCE. impulse response method (using a 12lb instrumented hammer) has been So far the University has investigated five adapted to develop a point specific aspects of Railway Engineering Research means of correlating with Ballast Fouling Indices (Dr R De Bold). (i) High-Speed Rail: design guidelines Funding has been received from GT for High-speed Railway Track Railway Maintenance, Carillion plc and including critical track velocities and EPSRC. track mitigation strategies This collaboration with Heriot-Watt (iii) Detection of abandoned mineshafts University (Prof Peter Woodward Using the broadside shot gathers and Drs Laghrouche and Medero) is method involving both FDTD modelling focused on predicting embankment and field work – researcher: Dr Francis responses to high speed trains on Drossaert; funded by Network Rail. softer embankments. The work is ongoing with numerical modelling using (iv) NDT of railway bridges both the FE (DART3D & Abaqus) and This work has focussed on time FDTD techniques and is funded by domain modelling of GPR (using EPSRC. www.GprMax.org software authored by Dr Antonis Giannopoulos) with (ii) Railway trackbed ballast experimental backup. The researcher This work has been an ongoing theme was Dr Nectaria Diamanti. Future work since 1997. Using Ground Penetrating is planned on evaluating Macalloy bar Radar (GPR) to characterise the failures in prestressed railway bridges. dielectric properties of both clean and Funding to date is provided by Network spent ballast. Findings have been Rail and EPSRC. adopted by service providers in both the UK and internationally. At first (v) Railway Engineering Conference the work was focussed on simply series, chaired by Prof Mike Forde; assessing whether the ballast was past proceedings with RSSB. clean or spent. (Gerard Gallagher [MSc by research]; Maxwell Clark and Michael Gordon [PhD]) and more recently GPR waveforms has been analysed in detail to correlate with Ballast Fouling Indices (Dr Robert De Bold).

25 University of Essex

Contact Professor David Crawford [email protected] 01206 874 495 www.essex.ac.uk

The University of Essex is a research- intensive institution, rated in the top 10 of all UK universities for the quality of its research. Their goal is to increase activities in terms of knowledge transfer and support for industry, and are particularly keen to extend this further into the important area of transport and the railways in particular.

26 University of Essex

Transferable capabilities for rail

Although the University of Essex has • Tracking of rolling stock and plant: not been directly involved with specific use of RFID, GPS and wireless research projects for the railway industry, sensor devices. ‘Smart’ tracking they have had several meetings and systems using techniques from discussions with managers from the bar codes, quick response (QR) Engineering Department of Network Rail codes and mobile ‘apps’ are being investigating ways of working together. developed for multiple applications in industry and society. Research and support activities which • Protection of plant from theft: use of would be of value fall into two main areas: “intelligent” security and monitoring Business Support systems, capitalising on advanced The Essex Business School (EBS) has image processing and fuzzy logic both academic courses (Executive MBA) techniques. The University’s New and research facilities. Projects can be Media Laboratory is working on undertaken for contract research and image visualisation systems with consultancies in areas such as accounting, resolutions up to 16x that of standard management and marketing, and also high definition TV. to make strategic analysis and verify • Provision of broadband services in directions for the business within various trains: video and data services using economic scenarios. EBS has powerful 60 GHz wireless networks. High analytic and predictive marketing tools speed mobile communications are and this could give a useful and informed being researched in the University’s independent assessment of railway Network Access Laboratory. business strategy and tactics. • Robotics Research: the University Technology R & D works in a number of areas with There are various areas of technology applications to transport, including research at the University which could be of robot vision systems, artificial value to the railway industry. These include: intelligence (AI), fuzzy logic decision and control processes, and ‘swarm’ • Networks: research and analysis robotics where autonomous flying into increasing data capacity and machines like drones can ‘share’ reliability of 2 Mbps telecoms intelligence. line circuits. The University has experience and expertise in handing ‘heterogeneous’ network architectures for wireless, copper, coax and fibre systems up to 555Gbit/s.

27 University of Greenwich

Contact David Jai-Persad [email protected] 020 8331 9795 www.gre.ac.uk or enterprise.gre.ac.uk

The University of Greenwich is based in work for businesses around Greenwich three campuses in South East London and and through the Medway Towns, Councils, the Medway towns. The University provides Technology strategy Board (TSB) and the a range of research and consultancy EU. The University is a partner in the South services in fields ranging from Science East Enterprise Network and can help you and Engineering through to Computing identify partners in Europe. The University and Digital Media. With 2000 staff, 29,000 of Greenwich can offer a range of facilities students and over 350 active researchers and expertise to the UK rail industry. It the University is a major provider of staff has a wide experience of working with and research, development and consulting industrial partners through schemes such services in the South East. Through as Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTP), Gwizards it provides high calibre students and funding bodies such as the Research to undertake a wide range of development Councils and TSB. Transferable capabilities for rail The School of Engineering Ideal for investigating the behaviour of full- The Department of Civil Engineering size ground slabs under realistic loading currently works with the rail industry, and service conditions. providing non-destructive and non-contact In addition to standard computer software methods for assessment of structures for structural, geotechnical analysis, a and ground investigations; access to a range of specialist software for structural full system of ground penetrating radar to and geotechnical assessment and asset assess foundations of rail tracks, cavities management is also available. etc, sleeper beds; a 3D laser scanner, vibration radar detecting sensor systems The School of Computing and for the monitoring of railway bridges and Mathematical Sciences integrity checks for buttments etc. Fire Safety Engineering Group (FSEG) FSEG is a world leader in Computational The laboratory is furthermore Fire Engineering. From the Airbus A380 complemented with two highly advanced superjumbo, to the new aircraft carrier specialist facilities. These include: for the Royal Navy; from the Sydney Specialised environmental test and Beijing Olympics to the World Trade chamber: Center evacuation, the group and their Size: 4m x 8m x 3m, regulates advanced fire and evacuation/pedestrian temperature, humidity, saltwater spray, dynamics modelling tools, SMARTFIRE ideal for investigating the whole-life and EXODUS, have solved some of the behaviour of materials and structures world’s toughest fire and safety engineering under hazardous conditions (such as a problems. corrosive environment) and the effects of EXODUS can be used for both evacuation climate change on materials and structural simulation and pedestrian dynamics/ behaviour. Calibration methods for test circulation analysis. The software has data under accelerated conditions are also been developed to meet the challenging available. demands of performance based safety Ground slab testing rig: codes. Based on a highly sophisticated One of the largest testing facilities in set of sub models, it shatters the mould of Europe traditional engineering analysis to produce realistic people-people, people-fire and Size: 6m x 12m, 1000kN load capacity. 28 people-structure interactions. As a result, University of Greenwich

Contact David Jai-Persad [email protected] 020 8331 9795 www.gre.ac.uk or enterprise.gre.ac.uk

the engineer can test more designs in • rail car to rail car, less time to reach the optimal solution, • rail car to platform, free of the high cost and potential danger • rail car to Right-Of-Way and associated with human evacuation trials. EXODUS comprises a suite of software • evacuation from overturned rail cars. packages, tailored to the rail, building, The software will also cater for multi- maritime and aircraft environments. level rail cars and like the other EXODUS FSEG have performed a number software, will have a link to both of evacuation experiments in rail SMARTFIRE and CFAST allowing the environments in order to collect human inclusion of fire hazards such as heat, performance data specific to rail smoke and toxic gases. The software environments. These experiments include was recently used to simulate fire and evacuation to high and low platforms, evacuation from rail cars in tunnels. intercar evacuation, evacuation to the Computational Mechanics Reliability Right-Of-Way, evacuation from partially and Research Group (CMRG) totally overturned rail cars. The Computational Mechanics and Reliability Group is a world leader in the While the buildingEXODUS software development and application of computer- is used for rail stations including the aided technologies which predict the modelling of trains in stations, the physical behavior, performance, reliability, railEXODUS software is specifically and maintainability of complex engineering designed to simulate evacuation from systems and products. rail rolling stock and possess rail specific human performance data. The Particular focus of the group’s work is development of the railEXODUS software the development of software tools and was partially funded by the US Federal modeling techniques for multi-physics Railroad Administration through the John predictions, failure analysis, reliability, and A. Volpe National Transportation Systems optimization. These techniques can be Center, within the Research and Innovative applied to the prognostic health monitoring Technology Administration of the USDT. of rolling stock and infrastructure. The The railEXODUS software is specifically tools are particularly useful in situation designed to cater for rail situations involving contracting for availability. involving the evacuation from:

Coupled fire and evacuation simulation of a fire in a train within a tunnel. The fire is simulated using the FSEG software SMARTFIRE and FSEG performed a series of evacuation the evacuation is simulated using the FSEG experiments in the USA with the US Federal software railEXODUS. The train geometry is Rail Administration Volpe Laboratory to that of the new style Open Wide Gangway trains. determine passenger walking speeds along a Passengers are evacuating to the Right-Of-Way rail car aisle when the car has rolled over at using the side door exits. The grey colouring different angles. shows the spread of smoke within the rail cars. 29 Heriot-Watt University

Contact Professor Peter Woodward [email protected] 0131 451 8010 www.hw.ac.uk or www.sbe.hw.ac.uk

The railway research is led by Professor built environment are at the forefront of Peter Woodward who has been involved industrially relevant research in the UK for in rail track developments for over a solving these issues. The researchers can decade. Peter and his team investigate offer numerical and experimental analysis the main issues for modern rail networks of rail track under many different simulated which include the need to cope with more conditions. It has a proven history of traffic, heavier loads and higher speeds. experience in the field with its practical These demands are common across the applications. world and academics at the school of the

Transferable capabilities for rail

The patented polymer technology, trains and tunnels. There have been over XiTRACK, which was developed at the 60 installations since its development University by Peter and his team, has been including a high profile project at Clapham widely used by industry across a number Junction. A major benefit of the polymers is of high profile sites. The polymers are that they are fast setting so cause minimal used to reinforce ballast and they form an disruption to traffic; they achieve 90% interconnected, energy absorbing network stiffness within the first hour of application. which continues to allow drainage. Due to It has now been applied internationally. the commercial nature of the polymer, the technology was ‘spun-out’ to an external The analysis software that the railway partner who have continued to work research team has developed is based at successfully with the team to develop the Heriot-Watt University. It looks primarily product. The technology was developed in at the behaviour of rail track when it is 2000 and was first used in March of that under high speed conditions and compares year at Bletchley to reinforce a switch and a number of variables including track crossing which had been regularly going composition. It predicts where likely out of alignment every three months. The displacements and faults in the track polymers were installed at the site for will occur and allows users to simulate ten years and did not require any further numerous conditions which would affect maintenance. It was such a success that the track’s performance. It can model there have been two further installations dynamic ground wave propagation. The on nearby track. After five years of test recent award of half a million pounds worth installations, Network Rail approved the of funding from the ESPRC has meant that technology which is now used across the software can be further developed to the country. It has been used to stabilise become faster and can eventually be used bridges and tunnels; turnouts; slab-track on a desktop; potentially leading to its use transitions; level crossings; poor track externally by industry. The funding is for formations; expansion joints; and to a three year project, which started in May alleviate issues with tolerance between 2010. The grant will fund one permanent

30 Heriot-Watt University

Research Associate position at Heriot- Watt track settlements give rise to faults. The University, and one research student at Geo-pavement and Railways Accelerated the University of Edinburgh as part of the Fatigue Testing facility (GRAFT) is one Joint Research Initiative (JRI) collaboration of only two academic facilities of its kind in Civil Engineering. The main aim of this in the UK. It has a hydraulic capacity of unique facility is to provide industry with 200 tonnes (150 tonnes cyclically) which relevant research about high speed rail enables accelerated testing of existing and development. new railway products in realistic railway conditions. It is important for all proposed Railway track settlement is a serious solutions to railway track settlement is problem in modern day railway researched thoroughly to understand the engineering and has considerable cost implications of placing them within the and time implications to the rail industry harsh substructure environment of railway through maintenance operations, track tracks. The GRAFT facility at Heriot-Watt reconstructions and line speed restrictions. University has been developed to enable the performance of these solutions to be The main cause of track deterioration is quantified and compared with confidence. settlement of the substructure and a point is eventually reached where track geometry has to be improved before differential

31 University of Huddersfield

Contact Dr Crinela Pislaru [email protected] 01484 472 162 http://www.hud.ac.uk/cde/

The Institute of Railway Research at the University of Huddersfield is led by Professor Simon Iwnicki and has a strong reputation for excellent research and support to industry in the core area of railway vehicle dynamics modelling, wheel- rail interface engineering and vehicle-track interaction. The IRR was set up in 2012 with the transfer of the Rail Technology Unit from Manchester Metropolitan University and plays an important part to the vibrant and rapidly growing research community within the University of Huddersfield which aims to become an internationally recognised research-led institution, solving the problems and answering the questions posed by industry, science and society as a whole. The Centre of Efficiency and Performance Engineering and the EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Advanced Metrology are also based here and provide additional possibilities for collaboration with prestigious national and international partners.

32 University of Huddersfield

Transferable capabilities for rail

• Partner in EU FP7 research projects - and structural resistance; trackform SUSTRAIL (sustainable freight railway), design and failure mode investigations; SPECTRUM (modal shift of freight crack growth. from road to rail), D-Rail (improved • Instrumentation and condition understanding and control of derailment monitoring – vehicle and track mounted in freight vehicles), DYNOTRAIN (rolling measurement systems; multi-sensory stock crossacceptance). intelligent condition monitoring systems; • ‘Smart Washer’ Wireless Clamping- adaptive control strategies; fault Force Monitoring System – detection, diagnostics, prognostics; collaborators: Yorkshire Forward, Smart asset life optimisation. Components Ltd, Network Rail. The Future contributions project aims to bring to the market a • Intelligent condition monitoring and low-cost sensing and reporting system mechatronics - self-diagnosing that will monitor the clamping force of switches; smart washers; traction and bolted joints and identify if / when bolt braking effects; intelligent monitoring tensions falls outside pre-determined of vehicle and track condition; on- levels of safety. line real-time remote diagnostics and • Member of the Expert Advisory Group pre-incident detection and reporting; for FP7 project AUTOMAIN (automated moving-load dynamics; non-linear railway infrastructure maintenance). autonomous systems; expert systems; • Industry funded projects - Wheel-Rail cognitive systems engineering. Interface Project (Australia); Light Rail • Materials technology – wheel-rail wheel-rail profile good practice guide surface damage mechanisms; friction (ORR) modifiers; development of distributed • Consultancy service to many major measurement systems with self- UK rail industry companies - RSSB, calibrating sensors from smart materials Network Rail, LUL, Docklands Light with energy harvesting capability. Railway, etc. • Asset management - management and Expertise optimisation of asset life; whole-life • Wheel-rail interaction – wear and RCF costs; expert systems. modelling; maximise asset life through • Energy and transport logistics - optimised interfaces for heavy and light optimising energy usage through rails. efficiency improvements, recovery and • Railway vehicle dynamics – modelling; regeneration; energy efficient rolling freight vehicle acceptance predictions; stock and infrastructure; low carbon derailment analysis and performance materials; intelligent traffic management optimisation for heavy, light rail, and control systems. metro vehicles; hardware-in-the-loop • Technologies for accurate measurement testing; noise; non-intrusive parameter and prediction – noise and vibration; estimation. traction and wheel slip/slide control; • Track system dynamics – numerical estimation of vehicle-track dynamics, modelling of trackforms and vehicle wear, adhesion; independent wheel interaction; prediction of force set dynamics; adaptive model-based prognostics distribution, track and fixing response 33 University of Hull

Contact Dr Jingxin Dong [email protected] 01482 347 512 www.hull.ac.uk

As the 14th oldest English university, The University of Hull is providing a cutting- edge educational experience for over 18,000 students a year. In the most recent national Research Assessment Exercise (2008), the university scored remarkably well with over 80% of research submitted being internationally recognised or better.

Established in 2006, the University of Hull Logistics Institute is the only dedicated facility of its kind in England and brings together expertise from business and engineering. Supported by Yorkshire Forward, HumberTrade Zone, Humber Forum, and the European Regional Development Fund, the institute has a project value in excess of £23million. The institute is committed to adding value to industry through new innovations which will help organisations improve efficiency in the supply, production and transportation of their products and services.

The Logistics Institute has extensive international contacts and they are the principle and/or co-investigators in several completed and ongoing UK and EU funded research projects in the areas of engineering, technology, manufacturing and logistics. The total research funding received and managed in the last five years is over £3 million pounds.

34 University of Hull

Transferable capabilities for rail

The Logistics Institute has a team of 12 Rail transport planning and academic staff who work closely with management the commercial team (www2.hull.ac.uk/ This includes socio-economic feasibility hubs/logistics/logistics-staff.aspx). The study of rail project, environmental impact team consists of 4 professors, 1 senior analysis, transport demand forecasting and lecturer, 3 lecturers, 2 researchers and 2 management. knowledge transfer associates altogether covering research expertise in port Logistics and supply chain management logistics, maritime security, transport The study in this area is to improve logistics, modelling, logistics technology, supply chain management practice of sustainable logistics, and supply chain rail transportation companies, and also management. This unusual combination of considers how to better integrate rail academic and commercial expertise within transportation with general supply chain the Institute means that we can deliver network. academic and research work informed by Multimodal transport current business issues and our work with The Logistics institute also has expertise in commercial clients who benefit from cutting the other transport modes such as maritime edge academic thinking. and road transport, and has strong The Logistics Institute is capable of expertise in the design and operation of carrying out world-class research in the multiple transportation system. field of logistics. In particular, the institute Risk and reliability of logistics and excels at the following research areas: transport systems Fleet management This research area covers risk assessment, The Logistics Institute specialises in control and mitigation for logistics, developing advanced mathematic models transport, and supply chain network. and computer programmes in the field of fleet management. These research capability can help to improve the utilisation rate of rail cars, locomotive and containers, and minimise the relevant operational costs.

Intelligent transport system The Logistics Institute is interested in using information and communication technology, eg GPS, GIS and RFID, to improve the efficiency of rail transport system.

35 Imperial College London

Contact Richard Anderson [email protected] 020 7594 6092 www.cts.cv.ic.ac.uk

Imperial College London delivers world (RTSC), the Lloyd’s Register Foundation class research in science, engineering Transport Risk Management Centre (LRF and medicine, with particular regard to TRMC) and the IC Engineering Geomatics its application in industry, commerce and Group (ICEGG). The CTS is a focal point healthcare. The Faculty of Engineering for rail-related research, linking to other is one of the largest engineering faculties groups in the Faculty, including the Energy in the UK, with around 1,200 staff, over Futures Lab and the Future Rail Research 5,000 students, research income of Centre. £60M and includes the Departments of Electrical & Electronic, Mechanical and Civil & Environmental Engineering. The latter houses the Centre for Transport Studies (CTS), one of largest and most successful multidisciplinary transport research groups, consisting of a core staff of over 80 academics, researchers and students and a wider network of more than 120 researchers distributed throughout all the Departments of the College. CTS currently leads a number of major national and international research projects and has extensive links with government, local authorities and industry. As a core part of the world leading Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, CTS has achieved the top rating in all of the UK Government’s assessment of University research. The CTS delivers high quality, multidisciplinary railway research with the Railway and Transport Strategy Centre

36 Imperial College London

Transferable capabilities for rail The College currently collaborates with a Customer: network of railways, metros, their regulators service quality measurement, fares and authorities, funders and other stakeholders ticketing, customer information systems, worldwide including London Underground, mobility impaired accessibility. RSSB, Network Rail, the Hong Kong Intelligent Transport Systems: Mass Transit Railway and the New York innovative data collection, co-operative Metropolitan Transit Authority. Capabilities vehicle & infrastructure systems, strategic span the whole chain from policy and decision support, sensor development, planning to design, construction, operations deployment & operational data analysis, and through to decommissioning. Specific requirements capture and system design. examples from the CTS are given: Geomatics: Asset Management: GNSS-based navigation systems to support asset information systems, maintenance safety-critical railway applications, design management and philosophies, escalator and testing of high performance navigation maintenance, renewal and specification, and positioning systems, geodesy and rolling stock reliability, renewal and surveying, earth observation, applications of replacement strategies. GIS and GPS. Benchmarking: Safety and Risk: operation of three rail and metro international precursor analysis of railway incident data; benchmarking groups since 1994, comprising developing mitigation measures for metros, over 40 operators worldwide, combining data quality modelling for safety management statistical modelling of system data with information systems in the railway industry; analysis of management and engineering data management, integration and usage for processes and knowledge sharing; multi- decision-making in maintenance planning; million pound financial benefits have been safety case for the European Rail Traffic gained by operators. Management System implementation. Economics: Human Factors in Railway Operations: efficient pricing and network demand human error probability estimation and management, economic appraisal, funding mitigation for railway operations in both and financing; developed the theory and passenger and freight railway networks. evidence of Wider Economic Impacts (WEIs), providing an assessment of WEIs for High Energy and Environment: Speed Two. air quality in metros, transport and health, travel demand management, urban design, Reliability and Performance Modelling: greenhouse gas emissions & energy use, statistical and econometric applications modelling of metro energy efficiency. including modelling of railway system performance and reliability; metro cost, Policy and Regulation: production and efficiency modelling using benchmarking audits for the ORR, fare frontier analysis techniques. regulation and pricing policy, capacity charging. Railway Operations and Management: labour efficiency analyses in maintenance Freight transport and logistics: and operations, best practices in recovery analysis of container operations, decision from incidents and station stop time making, analysis of long-term infrastructure management, safety management, cost needs, port operations & investment, regulation and competition. effective rolling stock. 37 University of Kent

Contact Professor Jiangzhou Wang [email protected] 01227 823 707 www.kent.ac.uk

The School of Engineering and Digital Arts at the University of Kent is engaged in high- quality research with significant national and international impact in four areas: the Broadband and Wireless Communications (BWC) Research Group; Instrumentation Control and Embedded Systems Group; Image Processing Group; and the Multimedia Research Group.

The Broadband and Wireless Communications Research Group is internationally renowned for research in wireless systems, antennas, and photonics. The research activities have been well funded by the European Commission (EC), UK research councils, industry, and charitable foundations to investigate key technologies and components in broadband wireless communications. For example, in recent years, the group is involved with EC projects, such as FUTON, ULOOP, EXTRACTT, ISIS, and COST Actions (IC0902 and IC0905). The group is well equipped with a wide range of laboratory and computing facilities and diverse software packages for research support. The group currently comprises 51 people, including 7 academic staff, 12 postdoctoral researchers and 32 Ph.D. students. It possesses a wide range of expertise from theoretical analysis to specific system implementations.

38 University of Kent

Transferable capabilities for rail

Kent is investigating technologies to apply Firstly, the conventional cellular architecture mobile communications into railways. is not suitable for wireless communication High speed trains (HSTs) with a speed in HSTs. If an MT communicates with of more than 300km per hour are being the base station directly, the radio signal deployed rapidly around the world and experiences serious penetration loss have attracted a lot of attention in recent when propagating through train carriages. years as a fast, convenient and green Secondly, due to the high speed of public transportation system. The dominant trains and relative small cell size in the wireless communication system for current broadband wireless system, there will be railways is the GSM-R, which only supports frequent handoffs and drop-offs, which will a maximum data rate of less than 200kbps, significantly degrade the user experience. and is specifically used for train control Thirdly, developing robust signal instead of passenger communications. processing algorithms that work properly GSM-R cannot meet the requirements in varying channel conditions in HSTs is of high data rate transmissions. The difficult. Considering the above challenges, existing technologies are unable to provide much effort is needed to design mobile high data rate transmissions in HSTs systems for HSTs. Key issues, such as and advanced technologies should be cell planning, handoff, and radio over fiber developed for HSTs. (RoF) technologies, are being addressed at the University of Kent in the application of The International Union of Railways (Union mobile communications for HSTs. Internationale des Chemins de Fer: UIC) has recommended that GSM-R should be evolved into LTE for rails (LTE-R) to provide high data rate transmissions for HSTs. A number of challenges occur when the LTE system is applied to HSTs, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Two-hop HST network architecture for BWC for HSTs 39 University of Leeds

Contact Daniel Johnson [email protected] 0113 3436607 http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk

The Institute for Transport Studies links with British Rail and subsequently (ITS), University of Leeds, is the largest with successor organisations. In recent university-based transport teaching and years they have undertaken projects on rail research organisation in Europe. In 2009 transport for the European Commission, ITS won a Queen’s Anniversary prize for the Community of European Railways, higher and further education, in recognition OECD, the World Bank, the Office of of ‘40 years sustained excellence in Rail Regulation (ORR), Network Rail, the transport teaching and research’. For British Department for Transport, individual more than two decades, one of the key rail operators, the Association of Train areas of research at ITS has been the Operating Companies (ATOC), the British economics of rail transport. Involvement research councils and private sector with the rail industry was fostered by close consultants.

40 University of Leeds

Transferable capabilities for rail

Key centres of expertise include, inter alia: Econometric estimation of marginal demand forecasting and travel behaviour wear and tear costs on rail infrastructure analysis; rail infrastructure cost modelling, in Britain, EU funded, GRACE and efficiency analysis and pricing; economic CATRIN (2005 to 2009). ITS led the work regulation; project appraisal techniques package generating new results on the and methodology; off-track and on-track marginal rail infrastructure wear costs competition; and transport safety. Some of traffic, as well as contributing to the key, recent rail projects are listed below. analysis of scarcity costs using the PRAISE software developed by ITS based on a International rail infrastructure case study of competition for slots on the econometric cost modelling and East Coast Mainline in Britain. The results efficiency analysis of Network Rail, on wear and tear elasticities and marginal Office of Rail Regulation (2005 to costs informed the Commission’s recast of ongoing). Working with ORR and Network the First Railway Package. The work is now Rail, ITS carried out the international continuing as part of the Sustrail project benchmarking modelling work that formed (designing the freight vehicle-track system the basis for ORR’s 2008 Periodic Review for higher delivered tonnage with improved efficiency determination. Advanced availability and at lower cost). and novel modelling approaches were adopted, some of them for the first time in The impact of environmental a regulatory context. The work was based awareness upon the demand for rail on two datasets: a dataset of European travel, Association of Train Operating infrastructure managers, and a second Companies (ATOC), 2008. This project dataset, collected by ORR / ITS, which examined the impact of environmental utilises both national data and regional awareness upon the demand for rail travel. data within countries. ITS is continuing A number of methodologies, including to develop top-down econometric TPB analysis, stated choice experiments benchmarking for ORR. and stated intentions questioning were employed to develop baseline demand and National Modelling Framework what value people placed on reductions in (NMF) TOC Model Development: The CO2. application of Econometric methods, funded by DfT (2009), with SDG. ITS System of rail demand equations: carried out econometric cost modelling update of model parameters, work using passenger train operating Department for Transport, 2010. DfT had company (TOC) returns data. The aim was inherited a model, based on a system of to inform DfT’s future forecasts of TOC demand equations, that ITS had developed costs, based on understanding the drivers for SRA to inform its decisions on fares of costs, and also relative efficiency. The regulation. This study updated the model results fed into the development of a new parameters based on more recent evidence TOC cost module within the NMF. on the market shares of different tickets and upon revised recommendations for diversion factors and conditional elasticities that are critical in deriving cross elasticities.

41 University of Liverpool

Contact Huajiang Ouyang [email protected] 0151 794 4815 www.liv.ac.uk

The University of Liverpool is a pre-eminent research-based university with 27,000 students pursuing over 400 programmes spanning 54 subject areas.

There are three faculties, including Health and Life Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; and Science and Engineering. These are organised into 35 departments and schools.

The University is a research-active institution and a member of The Russell Group. It is a principal centre of excellence in many disciplines, including engineering, medicine, dentistry, business and law.

42 University of Liverpool

Transferable capabilities for rail

The School of Engineering covers The Department of Electronics and Aerospace Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering has developed Material Sciences and Engineering, methods for rail track bed and structure Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing inspection and monitoring using NDT Engineering. It carries out research in tools such as GPR. It has expertise in many areas. Regarding railway research, it electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests, is specialised in studying vibration of track communication systems tests reliable data and bridges excited by travelling trains, communications for high-speed trains. A vibration of rolling stock, vibration control, particular strength is signal processing. noise reduction, structural analysis and Other major research areas include: braking systems. Effective methods of biologically inspired computation for image passive and active control are developed coding, smart/advanced morphological for reducing vibration of infrastructures protection relays control and integration of excited by travelling trains. Novel materials vertical axis wind turbines for smart micro- are developed in two aspects: functional generation networks, and fault diagnosis materials for noise reduction (at the same approach to power transformer winding increasing heat flow, for example) and deformation. composite materials for high strength/ stiffness and impact resistance.

43 Loughborough University

Contact Professor Roger Goodall [email protected] 01509 227 009 www.lboro.ac.uk

Loughborough University received its charter in 1996, although its roots go back to the early years of the 20th century. The university is often recognised for its unrivalled sporting facilities and achievements, but also has a large engineering capability which not only has a number of high-quality, internationally leading research activities but also is very well known by UK industry for the quality of its graduates. It is located close to the town centre of Loughborough on an attractive, single-site campus that provides an excellent environment for all its higher education activities.

Bombardier’s mechatronic bogie which Loughborough was involved in developing

44 Loughborough University

Transferable capabilities for rail

Two Schools within the university are The following are a number of current and formally involved with RRUKA, and their recent areas that highlight the breadth of capabilities are summarised below, the group’s rail research activities: although other schools also have current or • Active control of railways recent involvement in railway research. suspensions. Numerous projects have investigated advanced The School of Electronic, Electrical and control techniques and actuation Systems Engineering technologies The School has many core capabilities relevant to railway research. These are • Condition monitoring of railway centred on the disciplines of control and vehicle bogie systems. Sensors and systems engineering, encompassing: advanced processing are used to vehicle dynamics; mechatronic and assess “un-measurable” parameters actuator technologies; fault tolerance; condition monitoring; and higher-level • Improved integrity in key network systems thinking. nodes

The Control Systems Group, within the The Loughborough Design School school, has a world-leading reputation There are two main skills within the school, in the areas of active suspensions and the first of which is systems ergonomics mechatronic railway vehicles. In recent and the systems approach to safety. This years this capability has broadened to includes human factors issues associated include a number of novel techniques for with safety culture, organisational change advanced condition monitoring, in particular and the use of technology, job and work focussed upon the condition of vehicle design, etc. A particular current research components and the wheel-rail interface. focus is concerned with building resilience into complex systems, including railways The group’s long-standing links with but within the context of all major national leading players in the aerospace industry assets. have created a strong expertise related to high integrity systems. A number of The second important capability is these aerospace approaches are now concerned with modelling human being transferred to the railway sector, for physiological and behavioural responses example the use of functional redundancy to heat and cold, in particular including to provide enhanced integrity, increased thermal comfort in railway carriages. capacity and availability for switches and crossings.

45 Manchester Metropolitan University

Contact Professor Nicholas Bowring [email protected] 0161 247 6271 www.mmu.ac.uk/sig

Manchester Metropolitan University under the direction of Professor Peter (MMU) developed initially as a centre Kelly. This group undertakes research of Technology, Art and Design from the into the modification and characterisation Manchester Mechanics’ Institution (1824) of surfaces (passive and functional) for and the Manchester School of Design applications in the transport, manufacturing, (1838). With around 31,000 students, electronics, building products, energy, and 2500 employees and a turnover of around biomedical applications sectors. £3,180M MMU is one of the largest Universities in the UK. The Applied Chemistry Technologies Group (ACT), who have a range of expertise in There are several Groups within the the synthesis of University that are working within the novel fullerene field of rail technology. The Sensing and & nanotube Imaging Group (SIG) in the School of derivatives, which Engineering is a team of 11 postgraduate can be tailored to and postdoctoral researchers set up in have a wide range 2004 under the direction of Professor of properties. ACT Nicholas Bowring. The SIG group carries have additional Proto-type Vision system out research into imaging and non- subject strengths installed upon Sheffield destructive testing of rail, as well as various in the areas of Supertram bogie. security projects. electrochemistry, surface deposition, The Surface Engineering Group within adsorption and the School of Engineering is a team of advanced materials 9 staff and postgraduate researchers applications.

Proto-type Vision system installed upon Warsaw Tramway (Tramwaje Warszaws) Grinding Vehicle Example of automated infrastructure detection (Image acquired from Sheffield Supertram Network)

Example of automated rail head analysis (Image acquired from Example image acquired Sheffield Supertram Network) from vision system (Image acquired from Sheffield Supertram Network)

46 Manchester Metropolitan University

Transferable capabilities for rail

The SIG have developed, as part of Through 8 years of research the SIG have EU Framework 7, several systems for seen investments of over £3.5M with a predictive maintenance employing non- strong future set out in rail inspection and intrusive technologies on light rail and non-destructive maintenance technologies. tramways. A vision system was developed Future development of integrating live capable of acquiring high resolution measurements with predictive maintenance images of rail track. Automated inspection strategies will lead more sustainable rail algorithms analyse the image for key parts operations. of infrastructure, including the rail head, for potential defects. Capable of acquiring The Surface Engineering Group has an images at line speeds exceeding 90Kph international reputation in the field and the system is under re-development and has received over £1.5M in research ruggedisation for industrial application. council and industrial funding. The Surface Engineering Group are currently working Developed alongside the vision system, on a RRUK grant to develop active with Yorkshire Forward/Tata steel grants, vibration sensors directly deposited onto a Microelectromechanical system rail components for condition monitoring, (MEMS) instrument has been developed under the direction of Dr Glen West. Other for condition monitoring of key track potential applications of our technology components. Advances in combining the relevant to the rail sector include wear/ vision system with MEMS technology has corrosion resistant and low friction introduced the potential of smart railway surfaces. infrastructure capable of telling operators the condition of the track. An advantage of The ACT group are currently working on a the vision system is the potential capability project using computational modelling to to recognise surface bound defects, such identify the optimum targets for synthesis squats and rolling contact fatigue in their of novel fullerene derivatives that can self- earlier stages. Using the combined systems assemble. The synthesised molecules can the growth and interaction of the defect be adsorbed onto or into a zeolite template with vehicles can be evaluated and a better to amplify their novel electronic properties, understanding gained. and modify their adsorption behaviour. Ultimately, it is anticipated that novel A novel vision system for the automated fullerene-based molecular architectures rolling mill inspection of rails has also been may be designed so that both detection, developed. This brings inspection of rail full for example, by photo-physical means circle, from the production within the mill, & strengthening can achieve increased to a life-time within the application. Vision bonding in rail tracks. systems have been designed to automate quality inspection of rail track and decrease the need for manual inspection.

47 University of Manchester

Contact Dr Qingming Li [email protected] 0161 306 5740 www.mace.manchester.ac.uk

The University of Manchester has a long is the largest in the country and is home tradition of supporting industry and a to the National Grid Power Systems world class research portfolio, much of Research Centre, including the largest which is relevant to the rail sector. Recent High Voltage laboratory in the country investments such as the 3D X-ray imaging and a unique Protection, Communications and Diamond Light Source (£12M), The and Control laboratory. The Power National Graphene Institute (£61M) and Conversion group includes the Rolls Royce The BP International Centre for Advanced University Technology Centre for Electrical materials (£64M over 10 years) illustrate Systems for Extreme Environments and our continued commitment to world class the Intelligent Electrical Power Network research and technology transfer. Evaluation Facility for the study of on-board power generation and management for Three centres of excellence in the Faculty autonomous platforms. The school has of Engineering and Physical Sciences a world-class research group studying are of particular interest. The School sensors and imaging systems, and it is of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil standard practice for our engineers to work Engineering hosts The EDF sponsored across disciplinary boarders to provide Modeling and Simulation Centre, The Laser system solutions to research problems. Processing Centre, The Centre for Nuclear The School of Materials is one of the Energy Technology and The Tyndall largest material schools in Europe. It Centre, and is also the main constituent of hosts The Materials Performance Centre the Manchester Aerospace Institute and and The Northwest Composites Centre Dalton Institute. Expertise in these areas, and has facilities for processing and especially in manufacturing, structural characterization of all classes of materials. integrity and modeling and simulation, are In the area of metallic materials, we had transferable to the rail industry. The School a £10M investment in the Light Alloys for of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Sustainable Transport programme.

Transferable capabilities for rail We have developed unique capability of the temperatures. These data can be used forming, joining, and corrosion protection to define material strength models to be of aluminium, magnesium, and titanium implemented into finite element software alloys. Facilities include equipment for for structural analyses under demanding controlled forming of metals, joining using environments. a range of processes (including a large, custom made friction stir welding machine) We are specialised on the effects of impact, and corrosion and protection of light shock and blast loading including structural metals. This is supported by a large suite crashworthiness, impact energy absorption of characterization equipment for residual and vibration and shock isolation. Our stress and damage characterization, ballistic laboratory is equipped with microstructural analysis, and material gas guns, drop rigs and high frequency property evaluation. instrumentations for physical model testing and numerical model validation. Expertise We have considerable experience in has been developed on the use of smart the characterisation of the mechanical fluid dampers, including electrorheological behaviours of wide range of engineering and magnetorheological fluid dampers, materials at various strain-rates and for vehicle suspension control, vehicle 48 University of Manchester

ride and handling improvement. This has technologies, power system operation and also involved the use of modern control economics, network monitoring, protection techniques such fuzzy logic, recurrent and control. neural networks and genetic algorithms. In Power Conversion we are active in Advanced analytical and computational electromagnetic energy conversion procedures have been developed for (motors, generators and actuators), power analysing the unbalance response of electronics, high performance converters, gas engines with nonlinear squeeze-film electrical drives, energy storage and damper bearings. These have considerably management for electric vehicles, aircraft extended the capability of commercial and ships. finite element packages. We have also developed a variety of novel measurement We have a long track record of developing techniques, including on-shaft monitoring asset design and management tools from of rotor response. Furthermore, advanced a fundamental understanding of asset signal processing and feature extraction performance and ageing in the context of techniques are being used to detect, locate, network operations. In particular we have assess severity and diagnose faults in rotor leading expertise in transformer design, systems. overhead line infrastructure and insulation systems for overhead lines and cables. Techniques have been developed for the identification and location of structural Equipment health monitoring requires, in faults, such as cracks and discontinuities, addition to understanding the fundamentals in metallic and composite structural of system environment and design, components, including rods, shafts, beams expertise in materials and non-destructive and plates, using modal characteristics and testing. Our expertise in x-ray imaging, elastic wave propagation. The identification ultrasonic techniques, magnetic sensors and location of the structural faults from and spectroscopic techniques enables us measured or simulated modal/wave (in conjunction with our close collaboration data are facilitated by the use of wavelet with the school of Materials) to offer unique transform procedures. research platform.

We have involved in the FP6 DYNAMITE research project on Dynamic Decisions in Maintenance develop cheap, self-powered, intelligent, wireless and disposable micro- sensors to monitor system variables in engineering assets including vibration, temperature and pressure. This involved the developments of wireless sensor systems, energy harvesting devices, and MIMOSA Database communication link. Current research is focused on optimising the design of energy harvesting devices and power management systems. The High Voltage Laboratory Our Power Systems activities offer directly applicable expertise in Energy Networks: including Integration of low carbon 49 Newcastle University

Contact Dr Francis J. Franklin [email protected] 0191 222 3494 http://www.ncl.ac.uk/

Newcastle University’s Centre for Railway Research (NewRail, www.newrail.org) acts as an interface between the rail industry and academia, and provides a focus for rail transport research activities across Europe. NewRail has a wide experience in the transfer of knowledge and international collaborative research. In the past five years alone, NewRail has been involved in rail projects that have a total project value in excess of 100 million euros and these have involved over 200 different international partners.

NewRail is a preferred university research supplier to Bombardier Transportation particularly with regard to materials and structures. NewRail is also one of the Alstom Transport top 10 rail engineering universities in the world. In addition, NewRail is the preferred university consultancy supplier to Siemens Maintenance (UK) and the only university on the UITP (International Association of Public Transport) advisory board. NewRail is a member of the European Rail Research Advisory Board (ERRAC).

50 Newcastle University

Transferable capabilities for rail

The Rail Infrastructure Group studies all and analysis of vehicle structures and aspects of rail infrastructure, specialising components; joining technologies for in condition monitoring, computer vehicle construction; materials selection, modelling and laboratory- and field- evaluation and testing; and fire safe testing of wheelrail contact phenomena, vehicles. measurement of rail surface roughness and wheel and rail profiles using MiniProf. The Rail Systems Group specialises The group has been an active partner in in research from a railway systems RRUKA in Projects A2 and A6, studying engineering point of view including: energy; and modelling rolling contact fatigue in rails capacity; power and propulsion systems; and the influence of rail steel microstructure passenger needs; sustainability; and on rail life, and in Freight 2035 studying interoperability of European railways. In freight vehicle design. European framework CleanER-D, the group is contributing to an projects include InnoTrack (FP6) and impact study of low emission technologies SustRail (FP7). and after-treatment systems in rail applications on engine durability, reliability, The Rail Freight & Logistics Group has a maintenance and fuel consumption, wide, deep and long lasting commitment and is involved in research leading to to logistics research and delivers a full the understanding and development of range of intermodal freight expertise, recommendations for the hybridisation experience and knowledge from all modes of diesel traction using energy storage and from supply chain management to systems such as double-layer capacitors, engineering. NewRail delivers university batteries, hydrostatic accumulators and research, information and training to meet flywheels. the complex technological and managerial challenges of the freight industry, NewRail has an office at the Barrow Hill regulators, operators and customers. Round House near Chesterfield. This is a 14-acre heritage site and locomotive The Rail Vehicles Group specialises in maintenance depot with over 1 mile of the design, development, analysis and running track, and is connected to the testing of novel materials, processes and mainline railway network. This provides an structures for transport applications. Core opportunity for low-speed, full-scale testing, competencies include: the design and and has been used, for example, to study development of large composite structures leaf-film formation. for transport applications; crashworthy composite structures – cabs, bodyshells and interior components; modelling

51 University of Nottingham

Contact Professor Sarah Sharples [email protected] 0115 951 4196 www.nottingham.ac.uk/engineering

The University of Nottingham has an disciplines. The Rail Research Group international reputation and is amongst within UNTR brings together a wide the top UK universities for research range of rail related research expertise and knowledge transfer. The Faculty of with over 40 researchers. Rail related Engineering has been recognised by the research work includes: human factors, Research Assessment Exercise in 2008 infrastructure asset management, track bed as being in the UK’s top five universities structures, satellite positioning, structural for engineering. Rail research is part of health monitoring, power electronics, the University of Nottingham Transport lightweighting, composites and advanced Research (UNTR) umbrella which noise and vibration monitoring. includes over 120 researchers over many

Transferable capabilities for rail

Key rail related research programmes at Key competencies: Nottingham include the following: • World leading human factors group The Centre for Rail Human Factors • High class simulation facilities and The Centre has, for more than 12 years, usability lab been in the forefront of understanding • Background expertise in psychology, and designing for reliable human ergonomics, engineering, computer performance in the UK railway and its science and design complex, distributed and changing work environment. Human-centred approaches • Partnerships and consortiums across are applied within a systems engineering the UK and Europe framework, to best address the impact of • Very close links with Network Rail end users and other stakeholders on rail and other industry leaders systems performance and the impact of rail technology and organisation on people. Research is focused on three main areas of systems ergonomics and human factors. People and performance, equipment and interfaces, and organisation and systems.

52 University of Nottingham

Infrastructure Asset Management at the Nottingham Geospatial Institute (NGI) Nottingham Transportation Engineering The NGI provides leading expertise in a Centre range of positioning, sensor integration Network Rail, with Royal Academy of and geospatial sciences. Research and Engineering funds a £1.4m, 5-year expertise covers satellite based navigation research programme in Infrastructure Asset and positioning systems (including gps Management. The research is addressing and Galileo); photogrammetry; remote the diverse range of asset groups which sensing (including LIDAR) and InSAR. comprise a modern railway system. Many projects have applications in the rail Initially, from available maintenance sector including the use of satellite based history data, accurate asset deterioration positioning systems and other integrated models are developed which form the key sensors for deformation and deflection element of the asset modeling process. monitoring of large structures, and with These degradation models are then used bridges in particular. along with information regarding possible maintenance and renewal strategies to Key Competencies: predict the asset state over its lifetime • GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite and also the type and frequency of the Systems, such as GPS and Galileo) maintenance required to provide a cost • Independent simulation and testing of effective, safe and reliable railway system. GNSS and other positioning systems Current projects cover the track, bridges, signaling, switches and crossings, and the • Applications of GNSS positioning and overhead line electrification systems. navigation in the transport sector • Precise deformation monitoring Key competencies: • Remote measurement techniques • Track maintenance decision making (such as airborne, terrestrial and • Fault diagnostics for engineering satellite photogrammetry and remote systems sensing) • System reliability modelling using binary decision diagrams • Asset management of OLE • Line or network based maintenance decision making

53 Queen Mary University of London

Contact Catherine Lavery [email protected] 020 7882 7002 www.qmul.ac.uk

Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL) is one of London and the UK’s leading research-focused higher education institutions with a history in science and engineering going back almost 100 years. Amongst the largest of the colleges of the University of London, Queen Mary’s 3,500 staff deliver world class degree programmes to 13,000 students and deliver high quality research across a wide range of subjects in Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, in Medicine and Dentistry and above all in Science and Engineering. In the financial year 2008-9 alone, the total value of research undertaken by QMUL Science and Engineering was £127m and we were ranked in the top 20 for science and engineering in the UK in both The Guardian and The Times league tables.

54 Queen Mary University of London

Transferable capabilities for rail

The main interest is in the Faculty of for automotive applications, in particular Science & Engineering, divided into three the use of solid fuels as a low carbon schools each with separate interests in energy source for both cars and trains**. Railway Technology: The School also undertakes aerodynamic modelling of structures, including both land School of Electronic Engineering and and air vehicles operating at high speed Computer Science: Previous railway and model testing in wind tunnels††. related work have included work on risk management, particularly in the School of Biological and Chemical maintenance of assets. Indeed, our Sciences: The chemists have research Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis interests in new automotive materials, research group (RADAR) group* has including semi-permeable membranes for worked with Railtrack and now RSSB fuel cells and battery applications as part on developing risk models in the face of of our Centre for Materials Research‡‡. uncertainty and has a spin-out company The School Biologists have a strong (Agena†) that has commercialised this ecological focus, including site surveys technology for railway operations (and prior to construction of new infrastructure other similar industries) worldwide. in order to produce environmental impact Our world leading Antennas and statements. Electromagmetics Group‡ specialises in small antennas with good radio coverage Other parts of QMUL have interests that as required for GSM-R and ERMTS. overlap with the Railway Industry. These include Law (planning law), Economics School of Engineering and Material (including C/B analysis) and Business and Science: A speciality of the School Management (effective operations). More is the study of composites for light details on our web site: www.qmul.ac.uk weight structural materials, including nanocomposites that are used to reduce mass in automotive vehicles and to improve wear in components such as brake blocks§. The other main relevant research topic is alternative fuel sources

* http://www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk/researchgp/radar/ † http://www.agena.co.uk/ ‡ http://www.elec.qmul.ac.uk/antennas/index.html § http://www.sems.qmul.ac.uk/research/nanomaterials/ ** http://www.sems.qmul.ac.uk/research/researchdetail.php?rid=249 †† http://www.sems.qmul.ac.uk/research/fluidsolidsystems/ ‡‡ http://www.cmr.qmul.ac.uk/

55 University of Reading

Contact Dr William Holderbaum [email protected] 0118 378 6086 www.reading.ac.uk

The University of Reading is ranked as The School of Systems Engineering one of the UK’s 20 most research-intensive universities and as one of the top 200 Research universities in the world. It enjoys a world- Our research is organized into the three class reputation for teaching, research and broad research groups: Computing, enterprise. Cybernetics and Information & Communication Technology (ICT); as well The quality and diversity of the research as two specific research laboratories. The at Reading is recognised nationally and research groups engage in cross-cutting internationally. Reading is home to several research across the three disciplines. centres of excellence and conducts world- class research across a broad range of The Cybernetics and ICT Research disciplines. The Research Assessment Groups Exercise (RAE) 2008 results confirm the The staff in the Computing, Cybernetics standing of the University of Reading as a and ICT research groups have wide research-intensive university. Published in interests including: computational vision; December 2008, the outcomes recognise socio-technical systems; knowledge over 87% of the university’s research to be engineering & data mining; computational of international standing. The work of over sciences; neurodynamics and cognition; 600 University of Reading research active measurement, control and computation; staff was submitted to the Higher Education terahertz technologies including imaging; Funding Council for England for the RAE human machine interaction including (88% of our eligible staff), demonstrating haptics; non-linear control; immersive the breadth and quality of research across virtual reality and visualization; wireless the university. communications; embedded systems; signal processing; and smart energy & power electronics. Transferable capabilities for rail School of Systems Engineering The electrification programme for the rail industry will significantly increase Energy and Infrastructure: Smart the electricity demand, and hence, energy research at the School of Systems the impact on the electricity supply Engineering presently includes the network. Integration of energy storage following topics: and distributed generation located on • Agent-based coordination of energy the lineside as well as in the vehicles generation and consumption in will distribute the active resources of distribution network energy across the rail network - similar • Operation of collaborative battery to the current electricity supply network networks transitioning towards more intelligent and decentralised grid. Control and coordination • Energy storage control algorithms for methods are required to achieve balance reducing peak demand in distribution of supply and demand, reduction of network feeders based on forecasted operational costs and emissions, reliable demand operation of the rail network and reduced • Managing energy consumption in retail impact on the electricity supply network. buildings to reduce their carbon footprint and avoid TRIAD charges 56 University of Reading

Based on our current research projects Centre for the mathematics of human we can assist in developing decentralised behaviour control solutions for energy management across the network with active energy The Centre is based in the Department elements (e.g. distributed generation and of Mathematics and Statistics and its energy storage) with an aim to reduce the mission is to be the originator of modelling impact on the electricity supply network concepts, methods and applications and, consequently, operational costs and delivering high impact and value to public emissions. and data rich R&D sectors. Our research focuses on: Energy storage for Rolling Stock: On board flywheels for energy efficiency. The dynamics of evolving networks - what This project aims at developing an energy are the long-term trends of an evolving storage system that can be integrated on network? How do cliques form? How can board RTG Cranes and a control strategy networks models be used to contain the to regulate the energy flow around the spread of infectious diseases, or reduce cranes power system. Similarly, such radicalisation of elements of society, or system can be applied to rolling stock improve marketing effectiveness? which in conjunction of information on Agent-based Modelling - how can we planned acceleration and deceleration best model people’s behaviour and make could significantly reduce fuel consumption accurate forecasts when events occur on diesel trains or energy demand on the for which there is no previous history (for supply network. example: new product launches in retail or uptake of electric vehicles in energy).

Time Series Analysis - how does people’s behaviour change over time? How do we best account for pseudo-periodic patterns without averaging out the peaks?

As our main research focus is in mathematical modelling, analysis and forecasting of human behaviour and taking into account our expertise in network analysis often on a large or very large scale, we could contribute in developing models and algorithms for passenger demand forecast, real-time information management (through our work on Twitter analytics), time table and fares optimisations (through network analysis and agent-based modelling expertise) and developing evolving networks models for control and management of the system as a whole.

57 The University of Salford

Contact Professor T X Mei [email protected] 0161 295 3715 www.salford.ac.uk

The Rail Research Group at the University of Salford is multi-disciplinary in nature and covers a range of strategic areas, including railway condition monitoring, vehicle dynamics and control, wheel-rail contact, traction control, acoustics and vibration and civil engineering. The research has been well funded from a variety of funding sources such as EPSRC, EU FP7, Defra, TSB, The Royal Society, RRUKA and industry.

58 The University of Salford

Transferable capabilities for rail

Railway condition monitoring computer model represents parts of a The research is concerned with the complex machine so that the sound of intelligent measurements and data the assembled machine can be heard. processing for vehicle based fault detection This can be used to predict the internal and condition monitoring, including acoustical environment of a train prototype, fault detection and isolation of vehicle without it necessarily having to exist suspensions, measurement of train ground physically. There is an interest in the speed and movements from vibration role of the ground (including the railway sensors, wheel-rail contact condition and structure) as a pathway for the passage adhesion estimation, and vehicle based of elastic waves from the identified railway track condition monitoring. source to potential human receptors. Characterisation of the source and the Control of vehicle dynamics and traction human response are under investigation. (including safety and reliability) For example, enhanced safety and Civil Engineering reliability for trains through fault tolerant The railway civil engineering research control, wheel slip/slide control, system interests can be broadly categorised as integration for rail wheelset steering and the geotechnical and structural stability traction control, and high integrity systems of the railway infrastructure. Assets such with embedded intelligence, actively as railway embankments and cuttings steered wheelset/bogie. are included with a particular interest in the bridge stock. In the latter category, Train scheduling and time tabling there is a specific interest in masonry arch In particular, this covers the research bridges. Significant EPSRC funding has into novel fault tolerance and modelling been recently secured to examine the role approaches to overcome the bottleneck of backfill in the engineering behaviour problem of constrained capabilities at of masonry arches under a wide range of busy stations and junctions, without loading conditions, supported by Network compromising safety. Rail.

Acoustic and vibration Research Other related expertise The Acoustics Research Centre has These centres are augmented by internationally recognised expertise in telecommunications and data networking, the derivation of exposure-response and transport engineering and planning relationships for human vibration in research centres, which have an aspiration residential environments. This involves to broaden into railway applications and multi-disciplinary work for the measurement which support post-graduate taught of vibration from rail for the determination courses. of annoyance of residents in their own homes using face to face questionnaires. The Acoustics Research Centre also has expertise in virtual prototyping, where a

59 Sheffield Hallam University

Contact Dr. Fin O’Flaherty [email protected] 0114 225 3178 www.shu.ac.uk/cim

The Centre for Infrastructure Management elements (Fig. 5). We can help plan (CIM) at Sheffield Hallam University suitable test methods, carry out testing in provides R&D and a professional service accordance with standards and provide to the construction, transport and independent assessment as formal reports. infrastructure sector. It has a specific track record of developing and delivering Examples of consultancy include in-service collaborative research projects relating to strength testing GRP Platforms (Fig. 6) and rail infrastructure management. Handrails (Fig. 7) for Railway Stations and bridge assessments (Fig. 8) Examples of recent R&D projects and their funding bodies include: The expertise gained from the extensive R&D and consultancy activity is used • wear resistant welding of rail track to provide CPD Training in bridge (friction welding) funded by DTi Smart management and maintenance. Materials (Fig. 1) • cathodic protection of reinforced concrete bridges funded by The Royal Society and industry (Fig. 2) • de-stressing of rail using low voltage heating technology funded by Yorkshire Forward (ERDF Objective 1) (Fig. 3) • low voltage curing liners for rail electrification concrete foundations funded by rail industry (Fig. 4) Fig. 1 • composite rail for the enhancement of durability and fatigue resistance funded by rail industry • development of bridge management expert system funded by Link and KTP • optimum repair strategies and durability of bridge repairs funded by Brite Euram and Link CIM also has comprehensive laboratory facilities for testing and assessment of Fig. 2 all types of construction materials and

60 Sheffield Hallam University

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

Fig. 5 Fig. 6

Fig. 7 Fig. 8

61 University of Sheffield

Contact Dr David Fletcher [email protected] 0114 222 7760 www.shef.ac.uk

The University of Sheffield has existing railway research expertise focused in the Faculty of Engineering, and hosts the Railway Innovation & Technology Research Centre, funded by Network Rail. The Faculty is one of the biggest and best in the UK, with an annual research income of around £25m, producing over 700 high quality graduates each year.

Transferable capabilities for rail

Rail-wheel interface, adhesion, wear and (ii) A full-scale rail-wheel contact materials performance testing machine able to bridge the There is extensive modelling and gap between small scale and track experimental expertise at Sheffield in trial investigations. the area of rail-wheel interface contact (iii) Bespoke ultrasonic test equipment mechanics, friction, wear and lubrication. for measuring rough surface contact Research is also underway on the and railway wheel wear. pantograph-overhead line interface. Research on the rail-wheel interface (iv) A dedicated overhead line- includes mechanical testing, contact pantograph contact testing machine mechanics, wear, fatigue, metallurgy, for wear studies at up to 200kph materials performance, and modelling how sliding speeds. rail damage ‘adds-up’ under specific traffic (v) High speed rail grinding equipment patterns. Research in this area is supported using a novel approach developed by a series of unique test machines. These at the University in collaboration include: with Network Rail.

(i) The SUROS rolling-sliding twin disc Modelling expertise focuses particularly contact testing machine which has on wear, crack growth and structural been used extensively in UK and integrity. Sheffield has expertise in EU research on rail-wheel wear and fracture mechanics, Finite and Boundary crack growth. Element modelling, combining models with experimental studies for validation.

62 University of Sheffield

Rail system design for safety and Composite materials security Design and manufacture of composite Over recent years European rail systems components is a major research area have been subject to terrorist attack and at Sheffield, spanning the most basic their crowded and open nature makes research through to the manufacture of full them difficult to protect. Sheffield has scale prototypes. This research is currently expertise developed in UK and EU projects being applied in development of a railway on designing resilience into stations and sleeper from recycled polymer materials. vehicles, aiming to lower the risk and Skills being applied in this area include impact of attack, and make recovery faster. screening and testing of formulations to An essential aspect of this work is the determine the most suitable polymer blend acceptability to travellers and operators of and reinforcing additives, and optimising any change in the design of stations or rail mechanical and dynamic properties over vehicles and linking design decisions to risk the wide range of temperatures. The work assessment. Modelling aspects of this work has been supported by bespoke full-size include predicting the effects of a blast on sleeper testing equipment built and hosted station and vehicle structures, predicting at Sheffield in collaboration with iPlas. fluid flow within stations, and predicting These facilities have been used to conduct crowd behaviour in emergency situations. fatigue tests of over 5 million cycles on prototype sleepers. Performance of masonry arch bridges Over half the bridge spans carrying UK rail Energy harvesting and remote traffic are of masonry arch construction, monitoring but methods currently used to assess arch Energy harvesting is the generation of bridges have little predictive capability, power from environmental sources and making asset management difficult. offers a strategic solution for powering Expertise in civil engineering is being remote condition monitoring. It can replace used to develop a better fundamental or prolong the life of non-rechargeable understanding of the behaviour of soil-filled batteries in applications including remote arch bridges subjected to realistic loading infrastructure monitoring and structural regimes. This research area is focused on health monitoring. Expertise at Sheffield full-scale and medium-scale bridge tests, has been used to developed specific using both static and dynamic loading applications in the area of wireless sensors regimes. Analysis software developed and data logging. This includes low cost at Sheffield and ‘system identification’ general purpose data loggers, GPRS techniques are being applied to aid interfaces, wired and wireless sensor interpretation of test data, leading to interfaces, with self powered remote improved understanding and more reliable sensors for rail applications. The approach bridge assessment methods. offers a reduced risk of cable fault or theft compared with conventional approaches.

63 University of Southampton

Contact Dr Jeffrey Priest [email protected] 02380 598 454 www.sr2.soton.ac.uk

The University of Southampton combines academic excellence with an innovative and entrepreneurial approach to research, supporting a culture that engages and challenges students and staff in their pursuit of learning. It is one of the top 15 research universities in the UK and has achieved consistently high scores for teaching and learning activities.

64 University of Southampton

Transferable capabilities for rail

Southampton Railway Systems Human factors I Research (SR2) Based in the Institute of Sound and SR2 is a centre that brings together Vibration Research (ISVR), the Human research groups in the faculty of Factors Research Unit (HFRU) conducts Engineering and the Environment with fundamental and applied research, groups in other Faculties and a major provides training and offers consultancy centre for industrially relevant high-quality services and advice in comfort, scientific research into a wide range of performance and health in vibration and railway-related areas. motion environments. Led by Professor Mike Griffin. The aims of Southampton Railway Systems Research are to promote and undertake Human factors II fundamental and applied research and Research into the social, cognitive consultancy in the areas of railway and behavioural aspects of humans in systems. They undertake interdisciplinary transportation systems are conducted by research on railway systems that: undertaken by the Transportation Research Group (TRG). Led by Professor Neville • Incorporates engineering, physical Stanton. and social sciences • Integrates scientific theory with Noise and vibration practical applications and is The ISVR has played a leading role in international in scope, covering the research into railway noise and vibration UK, Europe and beyond for many years using fundamental models to solve practical problems. Areas covered They have substantial knowledge, include rolling noise, ground vibration and experience and facilities, and an impressive ground-borne noise, bridge noise and track record of publications and research aerodynamic noise. Led by Professor David grant funding. SR2 jointly led the EPSRC- Thompson. funded Rail Research UK consortium and currently lead the EPSRC Track21 Railway operations Programme Grant. Members of SR2 have Work on rail transport operations, planning attracted over £8.5m of funding for railway- and economics is undertaken by the related research since 2003. Transportation Research Group (TRG) in conjunction with CORMSIS (Centre Infrastructure for Operational Research, Management Utilising core skills in geomechanics and Science and Information Systems). Led by structural engineering, work on railway Professor John Preston. infrastructure is undertaken by the Infrastructure Research Division. Led by Professor William Powrie.

65 University of Strathclyde

Contact Dr Matthew Revie [email protected] 0141 548 4578 www.strath.ac.uk/

The University of Strathclyde is a leading the Centre for Innovative Manufacturing international technological university which in Continuous Manufacturing and is recognised for strong research links Crystallisation and the Europe-wide with business and industry, commitment Stardust project for asteroid deflection and to enterprise and skills development, and space debris removal. We are also home knowledge sharing with the private and to the first centre established in the UK by public sectors. The University was named Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Europe’s largest UK University of the Year in the 2012 Times organisation for applied research. Higher Education Awards. The University’s Technology and Innovation Challenging conventional wisdom has been Centre is revolutionising collaboration part of the University of Strathclyde’s core and innovation between researchers business since we were founded in 1796 in academia and industry - up to 1200 for the pursuit of ‘useful learning.’ researchers, engineers and project managers from academia and industry Today, we are committed to working side- will work side-by-side in a state-of-the-art by-side with other leading academics building in the heart of Glasgow. and partners from the global business community to deliver useful learning for our technological age.

Together we are finding solutions to global challenges in areas including: • Energy and the environment • Health technologies and drug discovery • Business innovation and efficiency • New technologies, devices, materials and systems • Policy, law and education

We lead national and international partnerships in research, including the Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, the Power Networks Demonstration Centre,

66 University of Strathclyde

Transferable capabilities for rail

Strathclyde University has worked closely • The department of Economics has with the Railway industry in many different expertise on industrial organization, areas. such as imperfect competition and competition law. • The department of Psychology developed the Confidential Incident • Finally, the department of Reporting and Analysis System Management Science has been (CIRAS) which was implemented heavily involved in supporting risk within the Railway industry. modelling in the railways. This has involved auditing the Safety Risk • The department of Electronics and Model, research on dependency Electrical Engineering has worked modelling within the SRM and on a number of areas, most notably assessment of risk to SPADS, and on signal processing. They have STFs at stations. Future research expertise in the manufacturing and interests are broad, but primarily deployment of ultrasound sensors for focus on using analytical and applications such as Non-destructive structured models to support decision testing of railway tracks. They making under uncertainty. This may also have expertise in enhancing include: manufacturing processes through automation. o Predictive analytics, e.g. using telemetry and condition monitoring • The department of Mathematics for prognostic modelling and and Statistics has expertise in intelligent condition monitoring manipulating large volumes of data to o Asset Management, e.g. using turn into useful information. optimisation models to schedule • The department of Marketing has and allocate spares. expertise with passenger feedback, o Bayesian models, e.g. Bayesian the use of social media, the networks to calculate value of development of online communities information, allocation of sensors, and customer experience system reliability, support post- management. accident reviews, etc. • The department of Computing and o Maintenance modelling, e.g. Information Sciences has expertise condition-based, performance- in the visualisation of information based, corrective or usage to facilitate interpretation, decision maintenance modelling. making and use of information. o Operations Management, e.g. • The department of Chemistry supply chain risk, logistics, etc. has expertise in composites and materials.

67 University of Surrey

Contact Dr Boulent Imam [email protected] 01483 689679 www.surrey.ac.uk/cee

The University of Surrey is currently active in three areas of research directly relevant to the railway industry, all of which are based in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences. These are: Climate Change Adaptation (contact: Dr Boulent Imam), Deterioration and Whole Life Analysis (contact: Professor Marios Chryssanthopoulos) and Interlocking Systems – Safety Analysis (contacts: Dr Helen Treharne and Professor Steve Schneider). The Faculty has over 700 PhD students and over 1,000 postgraduate taught students. The Faculty is internationally recognised for its research which ranges in scale from nuclear physics, advanced materials, wireless and mobile communication for 5G to interplanetary space exploration.

68 University of Surrey

Transferable capabilities for rail

Infrastructure – Climate Change in three FP7 European projects looking Adaptation at (i) life cycle analysis in the railway The Department of Civil and Environmental infrastructure and developing tools for Engineering has been conducting assessing environmental impact during research on assessing and quantifying asset management (MAINLINE), (ii) the impacts of climate change on built developing repair methods using FRP infrastructure and planning for adaptation. materials (Co-PATCH) and (iii) the role of Recently, an EPSRC-funded project on structural health monitoring in managing developing a risk-based framework for asset stocks and networks (SmartEN). assessing the impacts of climate change These projects have participation from UK on bridge structures has been successfully and European consultants and research completed. The expertise related in this organisations as well as railway owners. area includes modelling and assessment of bridge scour and long-term material Control, Command and Communication corrosion under changing environmental - Safety Analysis and atmospheric pollutant conditions. The Department of Computing has been Currently, a joint project with Network Rail using a formal methods technique to on climate change adaptation for asset define, validate and verify models of management has been initiated. The interlocking systems. This work is based project investigates the development of on the use of the CSP||B (http://www. a decision-support tool for adaptation of csp-b.org) formal method that has been railway assets under future uncertainty developed by the researchers for over 10 conditions. years. The rigorous mathematical method enables analysis to guarantee that the Infrastructure – Deterioration and Whole systems are free from collision, derailment Life Analysis and run-through, and provides the basis for This research covers the performance analysing network capacity. This research analysis of structures from their benefits from the collaboration of the construction up to their end-of-life to University of Swansea and Invensys Rail. inform asset management decisions. It includes long-term deterioration modelling The current focus has been on relay- and remaining life assessment of bridges interlocking but future system models will through risk and reliability methods, repair address the complexities of ERTMS. In and strengthening of structural components future work the researchers will be looking as well structural health monitoring. The to develop techniques and evaluating department has extensive expertise in the most efficient tool support in order to fatigue analysis of metallic bridges and perform verification that provides system has been in continuous collaboration safety guarantees. This research is funded with Network Rail within the past decade. by the Royal Academy of Engineering/ The department is currently participating Leverhulme Trust.

69 Swansea University

Contact Professor Faron Moller [email protected] 01792 295160 http://www.swansea.ac.uk

Swansea University hosts one of the the head of the group, Professor Faron top research-led Computer Science Moller, and Invensys Rail, a multinational Departments in the UK. In the 2008 technology leader based in Chippenham Research Assessment Exercise (RAE which provides state-of-the-art signalling, 2008) more than 75% of its submitted communication and control systems for publications were assessed as world- mainline and mass transit rail networks leading or internationally excellent; only 12 across the world. other UK Computer Science Departments achieved a higher percentage of world- leading research.

The Theoretical Computer Science Research Group at Swansea University is one of the largest and strongest of its kind in the UK. Over the past forty years, Swansea theoreticians have made fascinating and pioneering discoveries in the theories of data, algorithms, processes, programming languages, specification languages, reasoning and system verification.

The Swansea Railway Verification Group is supported by various members of staff, research associates and students within the Theoretical Computer Science Research Group. It is financially supported through various grants from industry, the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). This research group was established following a successful collaboration in 2007 between

Transferable capabilities for rail The Swansea Railway Verification Group is domain-specific languages for interlocking; active in many research areas of concern and overcoming railway capacity. to the rail industry, mainly in collaboration with Invensys Rail. Invensys Rail has Research carried out by the Group, which provided full or partial funding for three is presented and published in major MRes students, three PhD students academic forums, is having impact on both and seven summer research students current practices and strategic planning working on problems of interest to the within the railway industry. company. These projects include SAT- Regarding current practices, research based verification and model-checking led by Professor Moller, Dr Monika of interlocking; combining radio block Seisenberger and Dr Anton Setzer processors and interlockings; developing 70 Swansea University

has resulted in the adoption of formal are safe, and investigate how to measure verification techniques within the and how to improve their capacity. This interlocking design stage at Invensys Rail. work is carried out in close cooperation with We continue to work in partnership with Invensys Rail as the industrial partner, as Invensys Rail to develop tools for practical well as researchers at Newcastle University verification. and the AIST research institute in Japan. Research on tool support for specification Regarding strategic planning, research languages includes the development of led by Professor Moller and Dr Markus CSP-Prover, an interactive theorem prover Roggenbach is addressing the problem for the process algebra CSP, and tools of the adoption of ETMS (Electronic for Timed CSP, such as a Timed CSP- Train Management System) by the UK Simulator. as a replacement for - or supplement to - traditional track-side interlocking. ETMS, Also in the context of railways, Dr which uses GPS for positioning and a Roggenbach studies the formalization digital radio system to monitor train location of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) and speed, is being introduced throughout within the algebraic specification language Europe as part of ERTMS (the European CASL to ease system verification. By Rail Traffic Management System). UK train systematically capturing domain specific companies will naturally be resistant to knowledge, and then tailoring proof goals this change due to the high cost of entry around this domain specific knowledge, (replacing and equipping rolling stock). Our one can improve automatic verification research – which is in part funded by the results, whilst also providing a graphical RSSB – is producing data for the potential domain specific language. This process use by RSSB and the network operators to builds upon the common industrial practice convince train operators – and government to describe the domain specific vocabulary – of the need to invest in change. in terms of DSLs.

Overcoming the constraints on railway capacity caused by nodes (stations and junctions) on the rail network is one of the most pressing challenges to the rail industry. In 2007, the UK governmental White Paper‚ Delivering a Sustainable Railway‚ stated: “Rail’s biggest contribution to tackling global warming comes from increasing its capacity.” High capacity, however, is but one design aim within the railway domain. Railways are safety- critical systems. Their malfunction could lead to death or serious injury to people, loss or severe damage to equipment, or environmental harm.

Within the RSSB/EPSRC-funded SafeCap project, Professor Moller, Dr Roggenbach and Dr Hoang Nga Nguyen develop formal models of railway nodes, prove that they 71 TRL

Contact Vijay Ramdas [email protected] 01344 770 461 www.trl.co.uk

TRL is an internationally recognised The TRL Academy, launched in 2006, independent transport research centre, reinforces their scientific and engineering whose research and advice supports expertise and reputation as a leading governments and the private sector, international transport research institute. helping them to make informed decisions The Academy delivers long-term research based on sound scientific evidence. programmes and projects that develop major IPR, increasing intellectual capital, TRL’s comprehensive knowledge and knowledge and understanding in all testing facilities encompasses a wide aspects of surface transport. The Academy range of disciplines, including transport works closely with universities in the UK network performance; asset management; and overseas - enabling staff to enhance infrastructure technology and monitoring; expertise, support external studentships environmental research including climate and engineering doctorate post-graduate change adaptation; human behaviour; training schemes. multi-model transport; safety; vehicle design and testing. This unique set of capabilities enables them to provide a holistic approach to research and innovation.

72 TRL

Transferable capabilities for rail

TRL leads and participates in a wide range • Available and emerging technological of large scale research programmes. innovations and products Clients for rail research include the • Benchmarking Department for Transport, Network Rail, RSSB, Office of Rail Regulation, Transport • Climate change impacts, affordable for London, European Railways Agency, safeguarding and resilient UNIFE and ATOC. In addition, Clients infrastructure also include individual train operating • Cost-effective strategies for network companies as well as those maintenance and management sponsored by the Physical and Social • Crashworthiness and interior Science Research Council (EPSRC) and occupant safety - GM/RT 2100 the Economic and the Social Research • Design and maintenance techniques Council (ESRC). TRL also participates in for infrastructure the EC’s Framework programme as an Independent Research Organisation. • Development of innovative and relevant software solutions covering TRL’s state-of-the-art facilities offer clients transport issues (in the UK and an exceptional suite of testing tools, internationally) equipped with the latest technology. The facilities have been deployed on numerous • Development, testing and trialling of high-profile projects, and include a driving products and processes simulation centre (DigiSim); impact test • Economic evaluation, cost-benefit facilities; structures hall; pavement test analysis and risk management facility; dynamic survey vehicles; materials testing laboratories and mobile test • Environment and sustainability equipment. • Human factors and behavioural The facilities are widely used for customer change programmes of directly-contracted applied • Human machine interface research and development. The following • Intelligent Transport Systems provides a brief overview of the quantitative and qualitative research areas which TRL • Modelling and assessment of assist with: transport network capacity/reliability/ demand • Accessibility, inclusive mobility, planning and safety for impaired and • Safety investigations, interventions vulnerable users and strategies • Asset management processes and • Performance indicators – setting software targets and measuring performance • Asset monitoring and measurement • Winter maintenance technology and implementation

73 University College London

Contact Dr Taku Fujiyama [email protected] 020 7679 1561 www.ucl.ac.uk

UCL is organised into 10 constituent faculties, within which there are over 100 departments, institutes and research centres. Research on railways is conducted across the university and is bringing new dimensions based on their diverse research portfolio.

Transferable capabilities for rail

Railway and town/city planning Railway Operation, especially Metro (Professor Peter Hall) Operations and Operational Resilience (Centre for Transport Studies: Prof Bartlett School of Planning has been Benjamin Heydecker and Dr Taku conducting research on city/town planning, Fujiyama) and the railway and town/city has been always one of the research topics. Its Historically, UCL has been working with recent projects include “Better Rail London Underground Ltd and the train Stations” by Sir Peter Hall and Chris companies that run suburban services Green for Department for Transport (2009) to and from London. One of its current and SINTROPHE (Sustainable tram- projects on the railway operation is based transport options for peripheral “Dynamic Responsive Signal Control for European regions) which is funded by EU Railway Junctions” in which the dynamic and INTERREG IVB and lasts until 2012 responsive control techniques for road (Budget: €23m). traffic and other transport modes are adopted in the railway. Operational Project management resilience is also an area of the research at (OMEGA centre, Professor Harry Dimitriou) UCL. Through RRUKA, the group aims to For the past five years the OMEGA find industry partners so that the outputs of Centre has (with funding from the research will be used in practice. Volvo Foundation ) – been coordinating research into the planning, appraisal and delivery of ‘mega’ transport infrastructure projects around the world to identify “what constitutes a successful mega urban transport project”?

74 University College London

Efficiency and Regulation: Collision avoidance: (UCL QASER Lab: Dr Francesca Medda) (Imaging Group, UCL-MSSL: Prof. Jan- Peter Muller) The UCL QASER Lab is specialised in quantitative economic and financial Interest in the application of 5 years of research. They have examined various experience developing panoramic stereo regimes in the railway industry (public, camera systems for 3D reconstruction private, public and private) in relation to of planetary surfaces for exploration performance and economic efficiency. In and its potential use for 3D mapping of this context, one important element in the environments for collision avoidance. work is the assessment of service contracts and incentive mechanisms. The lab is extending the research by considering the impacts of regulation and what type of regulations need to be implemented in order to improve the profitabilty of the rail industry.

Railway Accessibility: (Accessibility Research Group: Prof Nick Tyler, Dr Taku Fujiyama) The group has 18 years of experience of research on transport accessibility for elderly and disabled people and is useful for the railway industry. Its research for the railway includes the investigation on platform humps (for London Underground Ltd) and the investigation on the train dwell time (for Thameslink Programme, sponsored by Department for Transport).

75 University of Warwick

Contact Roger Gemmell [email protected] 02476 524353 www.warwick.ac.uk

The University of Warwick has varied Warwick researchers’ areas of interests expertise and research interests in the underpin this diversity and breadth broad field of rail research. This extends of expertise, and include engineering across different areas of the University and materials research, occupational and includes the Department of Physics, psychology, project and programme the School of Engineering, Warwick management, revenue management, traffic Manufacturing Group (WMG) and the management, timetable and scheduling Operational Research and Management (including platforming, routing and rolling Sciences (ORMS) group in Warwick stock scheduling under uncertainty) and Business School (WBS). using real-world data in optimisation models.

Transferable capabilities for rail

Current and Recent Research Projects • A European Research Council project include: to develop Non-contact ultrasonics (NCUs); methods of angled crack • A collaborative project with the detection using ultrasound for rail Department for Transport and defects such as rolling contact fatigue the University of Birmingham to investigate the potential benefits of • In partnership with OLEO hybrid traction for two different types International; the development of a of passenger rail vehicle rail vehicle crash energy absorber

• Research funded by the Engineering • A research project sponsored by and Physical Sciences Research Superform and a consortium of Council (EPSRC) on Non-Destructive manufacturing companies to develop Techniques (NDT) for interrogating appropriate technologies to enable surface and sub-surface defects with magnesium alloy to be used in some application to railtracks vehicle structural applications

• Research funded by EPSRC to • ESTEEM (Engineering Strategy for develop an instrument for high speed Economic and Efficient Management) inspection of rail track defects with London Underground, to determine capital expenditure • Participation on I-Rail; a European requirements for Civil Assets and Union FP7 funded collaborative Premises project to develop a novel intelligent and efficient methodology for the • Dr Laura Galli of the ORMS group in inspection and evaluation of rail WBS has previously worked on the tracks EU project ARRIVAL which aimed to bring closer robust optimization and railway applications

76 University of Warwick

Other recent developments within the exchange of operational, computational University are relevant to the rail research and mathematical perspectives on key agenda. issues in public transport and to raise awareness of challenges, capabilities The University of Warwick is a member of and potential solutions, in areas such the firstTechnology Innovation Centre as timetabling, scheduling, maintenance (TIC) that was launched by Vince Cable, planning and asset management. Further Business Secretary, on behalf of the details of DIMAP’s expertise can be found Technology Strategy Board on 11th October at http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/ 2011. It is a £140 million programme over dimap/expertise/ a six year period which will stimulate manufacturing in the UK, reduce the risk WMG Material and Manufacturing Group of innovation for new and established specialises on the application of novel manufacturing business and attract manufacturing techniques, with extensive international business to the UK. The use of composite materials as well as more University of Warwick is one of the seven conventional metallic materials. partner institutions and is engaged through one of its Departments, WMG. A recent Through the establishment of the Digital workshop with Rail Sector companies has Product Development Technologies informed the design and scope of projects for Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises, that will transfer technology and knowledge WMG is active in the area of sharing from the automotive sector for the Rail proven knowledge and best practice Sector. and developing new technologies and processes to help the region’s The Centre for Discrete Mathematics transportation SMEs to address and and its Applications (DIMAP) is a overcome current challenges when multidisciplinary research centre drawing developing new products. on contributions from the Department of Computer Science, the Warwick Since 2004, Warwick has delivered a Mathematics Institute and the Operational very successful MSc in Programme Research and Management Sciences and Project Management, which is group in Warwick Business School. It aims partially sponsored by Network Rail, (and to support a thriving Industrial Affiliates approximately 50% of student projects Programme, and develop collaborative have focussed directly on issues of concern research rooted in discrete mathematics, to Network Rail) and is host to an EPSRC involving researchers at other UK funded International Doctorate universities. DIMAP held a workshop in 2009 (together with the Knowledge Transfer Network Industrial Mathematics) on Public Transport and Public Service Operations aimed at encouraging the

77 University of the West of England

Contact Dr Vadim Zverovich [email protected] 0117 328 3143 http://www.uwe.ac.uk/

“UWE is an ambitious research institution already on the way to fulfilling its mission of being renowned for user-led research applicable to real world problems and conducting world-class research in clearly identified areas of strength. There has never been a better time to join with us to meet your research needs.”

Professor Steve West, UWE Vice-Chancellor

Transferable capabilities for rail

Research at the Centre for Transport Passenger Survey, focus groups, and and Society (CTS) is concerned with mobile ethnography. This research the social context of travel behaviour, evidence was used by the rail industry promoting greater travel equity and low (ATOC) in marketing rail travel. ‘Travel carbon choices, and developing innovative time use in the information age’ (funded methodologies. The multidisciplinary by EPSRC 2004-7), ‘From slow slog research team have expertise in transport to inspired indulgence’ (PhD funded policy, psychology, sociology and human by EPSRC/DfT 2008-11), and ‘Rail geography, and are experienced in passengers’ travel time use in Great Britain conducting multi-disciplinary research (funded by UWE, 2010-11). with other universities and public and private sector stakeholders. There are ICTs, travel information and innovation three relevant research areas that connect CTS has engaged in a number of projects directly with rail travel and the future of rail that consider how ICTs can promote in the UK and which apply theories of travel sustainable transport choices in new and behaviour: innovative ways. These include research into ‘user innovations’ that offer transport Travel time use and the journey solutions, a long-standing relationship experience with the development of Transport Direct, Three research projects have provided opportunities for digital way-finding devices, evidence about how passengers use and sharing ‘user’ information on-line. their travel time, the role of mobile Research projects include: ‘Ideas in Transit’ technologies in travel time use, and the (funded by EPSRC/TSB/DfT), ‘Word of broader experience of the journey, using mouth traveller information’ (PhD funded by quantitative and qualitative methodologies ERSC/DfT 2007-11) FUTURES-navigating that included questions on the National the city (funded by EPSRC 2004-7).

78 University of the West of England

Sustainable interchanges their safe fatigue limit, deterioration process Research includes in-depth analysis of and life expectancy. Also, the use of existing bike-rail integrator behaviour and acoustic emission monitoring for masonry two innovative action-research projects to bridges has been investigated through promote sustainable access to stations; a number of laboratory and field studies the first demonstrating the potential of the and has been found a highly useful tool availability of bike hire at stations and the to identify developing damage and locate second encouraging car drivers to switch deterioration. to rail with walking or cycling access (PhD funded by Great Western research/First Great Western 2006-9), and an evaluation of station based cycling investment in the Cycling demonstration cities and towns (funded by DfT, 2010). CTS is also interested in personal rapid transit as the ‘last-mile’ access mode to rail.

Within the Department of Construction and Property, the fatigue behaviour and remaining service life of masonry arch bridges are being studied (EPSRC, 2008- 2011). Around 40% of all UK and European road and railway bridges are masonry and most of them were built over 100 years ago. Although the traffic has rapidly increased in recent years, old masonry bridges continue to be in service without any change to their original structural form. While the long-term performance of these bridges is becoming an increasingly important issue, current bridge assessment only considers their static load capacity and gives no indication of how long they are going to be in service. A series of small- scale laboratory tests are being carried out at the University of the West of England to investigate the effects of long-term traffic loading on masonry. A selection of masonry types are being tested under long-term fatigue loading (up to a minimum of 3 million cycles) to develop understanding of

79 University of York

Contact Professor John McDermid [email protected] 01904 325 400 www.cs.york.ac.uk

The High Integrity Systems Engineering the world. Multidisciplinary work of (HISE) group at University of York are particular relevance to RRUKA includes recognised as world-class authorities in measurement and prediction of failure the areas of safety case construction (Advanced Computer Architecture research and maintenance, system safety group), interface design and assessment assessment, and formal verification of (Human Computer Interaction research software. group), real-time systems (RTS research group), and technology regulation and The group has strong industrial links in innovation (Science and Technology a range of industries including defence, Studies Unit). aerospace, rail and healthcare, and focuses on validating research ideas on real-world problems.

The department’s approach to research has an emphasis on multidisciplinary work with project teams linking members of different groups, expanding to collaboration with other departments at York, industry and researchers around

The Vice-Chancellor of University of York, Professor Brian Cantor, tries out a train simulator whilst on a visit to Beijing Jiaotong University.

80 University of York

Transferable capabilities for rail

HISE and associated research groups have • Railway Safety Technology Research expertise in: Centre (RSTRC) - a tripartite collaboration between the University • Specification and design of complex of East London, the University of York safety critical systems and the Key State Laboratory of Rail • Construction and review of safety Traffic Control and Safety of Beijing cases for complex safety critical Jiaotong University. The RSTRC is systems part of a wider network, including • Safety assessment of complex, the University of Braunschweig, computer based control systems Bombardier and Siemens. Its main (including signalling systems) area of activity is safety assessment of complex, computer-based control • Analysis of monitoring data for the and signalling systems. measurement and prediction of failure • Distributed Aircraft Maintenance • Organisational aspects of safety Environment (DAME) and its follow management and systems assurance up BROADEN - grid-based analysis of aircraft engine monitoring data. Relevant projects that the department’s The technology underlying DAME staff have been involved in include: / BROADEN platform can provide a basis for accurate measurement • Integrated European Signalling and prediction of failure in railway System (INESS) project funded applications. by the European Commission. With the objective to define and • SYNOPSIS and SafeCer develop specifications for a new Enabling compont-based and product generation of interlocking systems, line approaches to the design and the project was coordinated by the certification of systems. These International Union of Railways (UIC) projects are undertaken by Dr Iain with participation from industrial Bate from York through a sub- railway stakeholders including the contract and Visiting Professorship Association of the European Rail with Mälardalen University. Industry (UNIFE), Alstom, Ansaldo SYNOPSIS is a five year project STS, Bombardier, Network Rail, funded by the Swedish Foundation Siemens and Thales. for Strategic Research and SafeCer is funded by the EU under the ARTEMIS programme (http://www. safecer.eu/).