04Nights 05Days –Track Buddhist Sri Lanka Tour
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Sri Lanka • Colombo & the Enchanted Isle
SRI LANKA • COLOMBO & THE ENCHANTED ISLE SRI LANKA The captivating island of Sri Lanka is rich in cultural and archaeological treasures spanning some 2,500 years in history - from the sacred city of Anuradhapura and the cave temples of Dambulla, to the palaces of the royal city of Kandy. It has 7 World Heritage Sites including one natural one - the Sinharaja Forest Reserve. Tea plantation © Shutterstock Polunnaruwa, which was Sri Lanka’s medieval SRI LANKA - THE capital. B ENCHANTED ISLE Day 4 Cultural Triangle Drive to Kandy, touring the Dambulla Cave 10 days/9 nights Temple and Spice Garden at Matale en route. From $2003 per person twin share Remainder of day at leisure. B Departs daily ex Colombo Day 5 Kandy Price per person from*: Cat A Cat B Cat C Excursion to the Royal Botanical Gardens at $2651 $2184 $2003 Peradeniya, a paradise for nature lovers. Later, *Based on two people sharing, singles on request. visit the Temple of the Tooth Relic, one of the INCLUSIONS world’s most sacred Buddhist sites and enjoy an Transfers, excursions in superior air-conditioned private evening traditional cultural performance. B vehicle with English speaking chauffeur guide, entrance fees, accommodation on a bed and breakfast basis, 1 bottle of water per person per day included for all surface travel. EXCLUSIONS Camera fees. A Jetwing Beach/Cinnamon Lodge/Elephant Stables/ Heritance Tea Factory/Anantara Tangalle/Kingsbury B Suriya Resort/Aliya Resort & Spa/Mahawali Reach/ Grand Hotel/Coco Tangalle/Galle Face Golden Temple of Dambulla © Shutterstock C Goldi Sands/Sigiriya Village/Amaya Hills/Jetwing St. -
The Rise of Buddhist-Muslim Conflict in Asia and Possibilities for Transformation by Iselin Frydenlund
Policy Brief December 2015 The rise of Buddhist-Muslim conflict in Asia and possibilities for transformation By Iselin Frydenlund Executive summary Violence against Muslim minorities in Buddhist societies has increased in recent years. The Muslim Rohingyas in Myanmar are disenfranchised, and many of their candidates were rejected by the official Union Election Commission prior to the 2015 elections. Furthermore laws about religious conversion, missionary activities, and interfaith marriage are being pro- moted to control relations between religions and prevent conflict. The danger, however, is that increased control will lead to more, not fewer, conflicts. Discrimination against religious minorities may lead to radicalisation. In addition minority-majority relations in a single state may have regional consequences because a minority in one state can be the majority in another, and there is an increasing trend for co-religionists in different countries to support each other. Thus protection of religious minorities is not only a question of freedom of religion and basic human rights; it also affects security and peacebuilding in the whole region. Anti- Muslim violence and political exclusion of Muslim minorities take place in the wake of in- creased Buddhist nationalism. This policy brief identifies local as well as global drivers for Buddhist-Muslim conflict and the rise of Buddhist nationalism. It then shows how Buddhist- Muslim conflict can be addressed, most importantly through the engagement of local religious leaders. Introduction Buddhist countries are generally at risk of persecution. But Attacks on Muslim minorities in Buddhist countries have weak state protection of Muslim communities leaves these escalated in recent years (OHCHR, 2014). -
Myanmar Buddhism of the Pagan Period
MYANMAR BUDDHISM OF THE PAGAN PERIOD (AD 1000-1300) BY WIN THAN TUN (MA, Mandalay University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES PROGRAMME NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the people who have contributed to the successful completion of this thesis. First of all, I wish to express my gratitude to the National University of Singapore which offered me a 3-year scholarship for this study. I wish to express my indebtedness to Professor Than Tun. Although I have never been his student, I was taught with his book on Old Myanmar (Khet-hoà: Mranmâ Râjawaà), and I learnt a lot from my discussions with him; and, therefore, I regard him as one of my teachers. I am also greatly indebted to my Sayas Dr. Myo Myint and Professor Han Tint, and friends U Ni Tut, U Yaw Han Tun and U Soe Kyaw Thu of Mandalay University for helping me with the sources I needed. I also owe my gratitude to U Win Maung (Tampavatî) (who let me use his collection of photos and negatives), U Zin Moe (who assisted me in making a raw map of Pagan), Bob Hudson (who provided me with some unpublished data on the monuments of Pagan), and David Kyle Latinis for his kind suggestions on writing my early chapters. I’m greatly indebted to Cho Cho (Centre for Advanced Studies in Architecture, NUS) for providing me with some of the drawings: figures 2, 22, 25, 26 and 38. -
The Role of Buddhism in the Changing Life of Rural Women in Sri Lanka Since Independence
Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses: Doctorates and Masters Theses 1-1-2002 The role of Buddhism in the changing life of rural women in Sri Lanka since independence Lalani Weddikkara Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Weddikkara, L. (2002). The role of Buddhism in the changing life of rural women in Sri Lanka since independence. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/746 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/746 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. -
Xvii Three Baskets (Tipitaka) I Buddhism
261 XVII THREE BASKETS ( TIPITAKA ) I BUDDHISM COTETS 1. What is the Tipitaka ? 2. Language of Buddha’s words (Buddhavacana ) 3. What is Pali? 4. The First Council 5. The Second Council 6. The Great Schism 7. Origin of the Eighteen ikayas (Schools of Buddhism) 8. The Third Council 9. Committing the Tipitaka to Memory 10. Fourth Council: Committing the Tipitaka to Writing 11. Fifth and Sixth Councils in Myanmar 12. Conclusion 13. Appendix: Contents of the Tipitaka or Three Baskets 14. Explanatory Notes 15. References 262 • Buddhism Course 1. What is the Tipitaka ? The word of the Buddha, which is originally called the Dhamma , consists of three aspects, namely: Doctrine ( Pariyatti ), Practice (Patipatti ) and Realization ( Pativedha ). The Doctrine is preserved in the Scriptures called the Tipitaka . English translators of the Tipitaka have estimated it to be eleven times the size of the Christian Bible. It contains the Teachings of the Buddha expounded from the time of His Enlightenment to Parinibbana over forty-five years. Tipitaka in Pali means Three Baskets (Ti = Three, Pitaka = Basket), not in the sense of function of storing but of handing down , just like workers carry earth with the aid of baskets handed on from worker to worker, posted in a long line from point of removal to point of deposit, so the Baskets of Teachings are handed down over the centuries from teacher to pupil. The Three Baskets are: Basket of Discipline ( Vinaya Pitaka ), which deals mainly with the rules and regulations of the Order of monks and nuns; Basket of Discourses ( Sutta Pitaka ) which contains the discourses delivered by the Buddha to individuals or assemblies of different ranks in the course of his ministry; Basket of Ultimate Things ( Abhidhamma Pitaka ) which consists of the four ultimate things: Mind ( Citta ), Mental-factors ( Cetasikas ), Matter ( Rupa ) and ibbana . -
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka a Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka A Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners Updated: April 2018 by Bhikkhu Nyanatusita Introduction In Sri Lanka there are many forest hermitages and meditation centres suitable for foreign Buddhist monastics or for experienced lay Buddhists. The following information is particularly intended for foreign bhikkhus, those who aspire to become bhikkhus, and those who are experienced lay practitioners. Another guide is available for less experienced, short term visiting lay practitioners. Factors such as climate, food, noise, standards of monastic discipline (vinaya), dangerous animals and accessibility have been considered with regard the places listed in this work. The book Sacred Island by Ven. S. Dhammika—published by the BPS—gives exhaustive information regarding ancient monasteries and other sacred sites and pilgrimage places in Sri Lanka. The Amazing Lanka website describes many ancient monasteries as well as the modern (forest) monasteries located at the sites, showing the exact locations on satellite maps, and giving information on the history, directions, etc. There are many monasteries listed in this guides, but to get a general idea of of all monasteries in Sri Lanka it is enough to see a couple of monasteries connected to different traditions and in different areas of the country. There is no perfect place in samṃsāra and as long as one is not liberated from mental defilements one will sooner or later start to find fault with a monastery. There is no monastery which is perfectly quiet and where the monks are all arahants. Rather than trying to find the perfect external place, which does not exist, it is more realistic to be content with an imperfect place and learn to deal with the defilements that come up in one’s mind. -
Colombo Final Plot Final
U.S. Department of State Overseas Building Office Makayla Bellamy University of Virginia School of Architecture Juwan Palmer Felix Yizhou Li Systems, Sites and Building, Fall 2014 Colombo, Sri Lanka is the largest urban city on the island just off of the southern coast of India. The island has a history of immigration, trade, and colonial invasion, providing the city with a diverse variety of ethnic groups, languages, and religions. While the largest religion on the island is Buddhism, there is a large collections of Tamils and Muslims. The topography of Sri Lanka is classified into two regions; the dry-zone that stretches from north to southeast, and the wet-zone that stretches from west to south. The dry highlands consist of a variety of temples and man-made lakes, while the dry lowlands are preferred farmland. The wetlands consist of sites preferable for fishing, and tourist attracting beaches. This is where Colombo is located. The construction of Sri Lanka was based off of a hierarchical system, in which only buildings of high elite were designed to maintain permanence. This left many ruins throughout the island that are representative of this elite system. The architecture current- ly is mainly religious, and because of the high religious diversity, there is a diverse architectural landscape. Around the island, there is a large percentage of the poor that live in mud and thatched roof houses using designs that date back to ancient times. In Colombo however, there is a high percentage of lower middle class, most of which prefer white washed cements houses with polished cement floors. -
MICE-Proposal-Sri-Lanka-Part-2.Pdf
Sri Lanka East Coast Region Trincomalee , a port city on the northeast coast of Sri Lanka. Set on a peninsula, Fort Frederick was built by the Portuguese in the 17th century. Trincomalee is one of the main centers of Tamil speaking culture on the island. The beaches are used for scuba diving, snorkeling and whale watching. The city also has the largest Dutch Fort in Sri Lanka. Best for: blue-whale watching. Arugam Bay, Arugam Bay is a unique and spectacular golden sandy beach on the East coast, located close to Pottuvil in the Ampara district. It is one of the best surfing spots in the world and hosts a number of international surfing competitions. Best for: Surfing & Ethnic Charm The beach of Pasikudah, which boasts one of the longest stretches of shallow coastline in the world. Sri Lanka ‘s Cultural Triangle Sri Lanka’s Cultural triangle is situated in the centre of the island and covers an area which includes 5 World Heritage cultural sites(UNESCO) of the Sacred City of Anuradhapura, the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa, the Ancient City of Sigiriya, the Ancient City of Dambulla and the Sacred City of Kandy. Due to the constructions and associated historical events, some of which are millennia old, these sites are of high universal value; they are visited by many pilgrims, both laymen and the clergy (prominently Buddhist), as well as by local and foreign tourists. Kandy the second largest city in Sri- Lanka and a UNESCO world heritage site, due its rich, vibrant culture and history. This historic city was the Royal Capital during the 16th century and maintains its sanctified glory predominantly due to the sacred temples. -
Humanistic Elements in Early Buddhism and the "Theravada Tradition"
Humanistic Elements in Early Buddhism and the "Theravada Tradition" By Ananda W. P. Guruge ABSTRACT The paper begins with an examination of the different defuritions of humanism. Humanism primarily consistsof a concern with interests andideals of human beings, a way of peefection of human personality, a philosophical attitude which places the human and human val.Mes above all others, and a pragmatic system (e.g. that of F. C. S. Schiller and William James) whichdiscounts abstract theorizing and concentrates on the knowable and the doable. EarlyBuddhism, by whichis meant the teachingsof the Buddha as found in the PallCanon and the AgamaSutras, isdistinguished from other tradifions. The paperclarifies the error of equating Early Buddhism with the so-called Theravada Tradition of South and SoutheastAsia. Historically, the independent Theravada Tradifion with whatever specificity it had in doctrines came to an end when the three Buddhist schools (Mahavihara, Abhayagiri andJetavana) of SriLanka were unifiedin the twelfth century. What developed since then and spread to South andSoutheast Asia is an amalgam of allBuddhist traditions with the Pall Canon andits commentaries as the scriptures. With the reform measures in the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, the kind of modern Buddhism prevalent as "Theravada" is flexible, tolerant and reinforced by modernizing influence of Western Christian values. The paper analyses references to the Buddha's own autobiographical statements and other data in the Pali Canon and Commentaries and shows that the Buddha stood as a man before human beings to demonstrate how they could develop themselves by their own effort and reach the end of suffering. This final goal of peefedion is within the reach of every human being. -
The Effect of Water Bodies As a Determinant Force in Generating Urban Form
The Effect of Water Bodies as a Determinant Force in Generating Urban Form. A Study on Creating a Symbiosis between the two with a case study of the Beira Lake, City of Colombo. K. Pradeep S. S. Fernando. 139404R Degree of Masters in Urban Design 2016 Department of Architecture University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka The Effect of Water Bodies as a Determinant Force in Generating Urban Form. A Study on Creating a Symbiosis between the two with a case study of the Beira Lake, City of Colombo. K. Pradeep S. S. Fernando. 139404R Degree of Masters in Urban Design 2016 Department of Architecture University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka THE EFFECT OF WATER BODIES AS A DETERMINANT FORCE IN GENERATING URBAN FORM - WITH A STUDY ON CREATING A SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN THE TWO WITH A CASE STUDY OF THE BEIRA LAKE, CITY OF COLOMBO. Water bodies present in Urban Contexts has been a primary determinant force in the urban formation and settlement patterns. With the evolutionary patterns governing the cities, the presence of water bodies has been a primary generator bias, thus being a primary contributor to the character of the city and the urban morphology. Urban form can be perceived as the pattern in which the city is formed where the street patterns and nodes are created, and the 03 dimensional built forms, which holistically forms the urban landscape. The perception of urban form has also been a key factor in the human response to the built massing, and fabric whereby the activity pattern is derived, with the sociological implications. DECLARATION I declare that this my own work and this dissertation does not incorporate without acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a Degree or Diploma in any University or any Institute of Higher Learning and to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any materials previously published or written by another person except where acknowledgement is made in the text. -
And Dasa-Silas in Sinhala
3 Pañipatti 4 5 Arhant Mahinda as Redactor of the Buddhapåjàva and the Pa¤ca-, Aññhangika- and Dasa-sãlas in Sinhala Buddhism Trinity College, Suwanda H J Sugunasiri University of Toronto; Nalanda College Abstract of Buddhist Studies (Canada) Buddha Påjà ‘Homage to the Buddha’ is a religious practice found in every Buddhist temple and many a Buddhist household around the world. Over the last two millennia or more, it has taken many a shape and turn. This treatment, however, relates to the Buddha Påjà in the particular cultural context of Sinhala Buddhism, writing it as a single word, Buddhapåjàva (with a -va Canadian Journal of denoting the Sinhalizing suffix) to distinguish it from the ritual in Buddhist Studies, Number Eight, 2012 other cultural contexts. It is as practiced in Sri Lanka, ironically, not in Sinhala but in Pali, Buddhism being introduced in the 3rd c. BCE by Arhant Mahinda during the reign of Devanampiya Tissa in the Anuradhapura period. It is not the Buddhapåjàva itself, however, that is the topic of this paper, but its authorship. Finding no evidence of its authorship, or origin, in India, it comes to be located in Sri Lanka. Seeking evidence for its Redactor from within the ritual itself, we are led to none other than Arhant Mahinda who introduces the Buddhadhamma to the island. It is also established how, in the very process of creating the Buddhapåjàva, the pa¤ca-, aññhangika- and dasa-sãlas also come to be systematized into a coherent pattern. Two alternative dates for the possible launch of the ceremony © 2012 are suggested, making it the oldest living Buddhapåjà ritual in the by Nalanda College world. -
The Four Assemblies in Pāli Buddhism Bhikkhu Anālayo
The Four Assemblies in Pāli Buddhism Bhikkhu Anālayo The expression “four assemblies” refers to a basic division of the members of a Buddhist society, which could be monastic or lay, male or female. Hence the full set of four comprises monks, nuns, male lay followers, and female lay followers. The importance of these four emerges in a passage in the Mahāparinibbāna-sutta, according to which the Buddha declared that he would not pass away until he had achieved his mission of having competent disciples from each of these four assemblies (DN 16 at DN II 104). The im- portance this statement carries in the Theravāda tradition is reflected in the fact that it recurs again in other discourse collections in the Pāli canon, namely in the Saṃyutta-nikāya, the Aṅguttara-nikāya, and the Udāna.1 The rationale underlying this need concerns both the lay/monastic and the male/female divide. The teachings given by the Buddha, in the way these have come down in the Pāli discourses, were not limited to only privileged members of society. Caste, for example, was considered to be of no direct 1 SN 51.10 at SN V 261, AN 8.70 at AN IV 310, and Ud 6.1 at Ud 63. In the printed version of this article the bibliography was lost and changes to the text were made without consultation. For this reason, the present file is based on the original manuscript, formatted in such a way that it corresponds closely to the pagination of the printed version. 9 relevance for the ability to realize awakening, and so was gender.