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By Stoyanow (1936) at the Excellent Exposure of the Beds on Mount Martin in the Male Mountains

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By Stoyanow (1936) at the Excellent Exposure of the Beds on Mount Martin in the Male Mountains The Devonian stratigraphy of Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona and Hidalgo County, New Mexico Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors LeMone, David V., 1932- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 09:43:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553919 THE DEVONIAN STRATIGRAPHY CF COCHISE, PIMA, SANTA CRUZ COUNTIES, ARIZONA AND HIDALGO COUNTY, NEW MEXICO by David V* I# Mona v«ndU So .'.noA A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1958 t H8lHC0D YH4?/ fOITAHTci i!? im v sa S;IT OOJAGIH OHA AHQ^I:1A ,S ITfUOD SURD ATHAfi ODIX^f V-3K t YTi'UDD xrf f'tioM «J • V 61vrti Univ. of Arizona Library ed^ to *>dvt o i eleedT A Y00J3SD RO THSMTflA^M ain^-®ti;up»H dd^ to ^narllltlirl nl t o e d i t o R lOWKIDB F3T2Ar •seJIoD efsubmit) mdj nl AWSI9A V) YTI8RSVB U / I STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fu lfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the library• Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable with­ out special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quo­ tation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their Judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship# In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: %/Kg - APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: 2- ^ Date ofessor of Geology TAB IE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Purpose and Scope of Investigation .... Nature and Extent of the Devonian Rocks Acknowledgements............................................ PRB-DEVONIAN ROCKS .............................................................. Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona and Hidalgo County, New Mexico ........................... ..... Ahrigo Formation ................. ..... Rincon Limestone ................. .. Peppersauoe Canyon Sandstone El Paso Formation ................. Southwestern New Mexico ........................ Southern Arizona and Northern Sonora, Mexico ... Central Arizona ........................ Northern Arizona ............................... Four Corners Area and Southwestern Colorado •••• DEVONIAN ROCKS ........................................ .. Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona and Hidalgo County, New M exico......................... .. Southwestern New Mexico ..................... Southern Arizona and Northern Sonora, Mexico ... Central Arizona .............................................. Northern Arizona ........... Four Corners Area and Southwestern Colorado •••• PAIEONTOLOGY ...................................... MSTAMGRPHISM . .......................................... ....................... .. STRUCTURE ............. DEPOSITI0NAL ENVIRONMENT ......................................... .. POST-DEVONIAN ROCKS ................................ Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona and Hidalgo County, New Mexico PAIEOGBOGRAPHT, ............................................................... .. Page APESNDIX----DESCRIPTIONS OF MEASURED SECTIONS .... 63 REFERENCES CITED ............................................ .............. 105 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS P late 1. Correlation of Upper Devonian Rocks ......... in pocket Figure 1* Location of Thesis Area ...................................... in pocket 2 . Generalised Devonian Lithofacies Map ........ in pocket 3. Pre-Devonian Paleogeographie Map ............ in pocket *+• Distribution of Devonian Rocks in pocket 5. Basal Post-Devonian Paleoge©graphic Map ..... in pocket , ill ABSTRACT The Devonian rocks of the southwest consist of essen­ tially five basic facies and formations• They are: the euxinio black shale Fereha formation, the marginal geosynclinal facies of the Cerros de Murcielagos sequence and the Muddy Peak lime* sto n e, the coarse c la s tic Swisshelm form ation, the embayment or near shore Northeastern Arizona and Southwestern Colorado se­ quence, and the stable shelf Martin formation* Numerous other formations have been described in the literature, but represent only minor lithologic variations and paleontological subdivisions* late Devonian seas advanced across Arizona from the south­ west in the Caborea region of Northern Sonora, Mexico and from the northwest from the area of the Cordllleran Geosyncline* A positive area existed in East Central and Northern and Central Western New Mexico* Evidence of arching with closure towards the southwest along the trend of "Mazatzal land" is shown in the post- Devonian Mississippian erosion surface. The existence of positive movements in th is arch is not e stab lish ed fo r Devonian sediments* Mazatzal land existed probably only as a few offshore islands in Devonian time in Central Arizona* INTRCDUCTICE Pnrtiose and Scone of laygtlgatlop The purpose of this paper is to present results of a study of Devonian roeks in southeastern Arizona and adja­ cent lev Mexico* A series of sections measured hy the writer are given in the appendix# These show stratigraphic vari­ ation in the Devonian within the area studied, and have been used in interpreting the sedimentary history# Available data from the literature have been compiled for the thesis area and bordering areas in an attempt to establish a concept of the regional framework of Devonian sedimentation, distribu­ tion of facies, and valid usage of formations! names. Problems of regional and local correlation of Devonian rooks are discussed. Regional correlations are shown to depend on the concept of the sedimentary framework accepted, but local correlations can be more securely based on details of lithol­ ogy. (fete result of the study has been the delineation of areas that would probably be most advantageous for further research on the Devonian of the region# Nature and Extent of the Devonian Rocks Within the thesis area, Southeastern Arizona and South­ western New Mexico, the Devonian rocks consist largely of carbonate 2 formations, predominantly dolomite, in the western part, and clastic rocks, predominantly shales, in the eastern part. Devonian stratigraphy and lithology Is regionally com­ plex (Plate 1), bat the rocks consist for the most part of fine elastics and dolomites with local variations. The thickness of the Devonian sequence ranges from over 1300 feet in the ex* trams northwestern corner of Arizona to a feather edge in the southern extension of the transcontinental arch, (Bardley, 1951), in northeastern Arizona, southwestern Colorado and Northwestern Hew Mexico. The exposures of the Devonian rocks are discontinuous . in the southwestern half of Arizona, southwestern Hew Mexico, Mexico, Nevada and p o rtio n s of southw estern Colorado. The rocks are exposed commonly in belts along the fronts of the ranges• Correlation within a belt is excellent, but regional correlation is questionable. The distance between outcrop belts ranges from several miles to hundreds of miles. The Colorado River drainage system, and the western edge of the Colorado Plateau have continuous outcrops. In other areas the Devonian rocks are known from subsurface information. The nomenclature of the Devonian is complex and not clearly understood, not only in the thesis area, but region­ ally. A number of formations described in the literature are based largely on faunal variation or peculiar facies. The lower contact of the Devonian is locally difficult to determine despite the fact that a time gap of two periods 3 exists between the Devonian and the underlying formations* Certain non*fossiliferous sandstone w its in Central and Northwestern Arizona, now considered to be Cambrian, nay aetually belong to the Devonian sequanta* The upper eon* taet is also difficult to determine precisely* Initial guidance on the thesis was given by Mr* R* M* Byington of the Pan American Petroleum Corporation* The writer wishes to acknowledge the stimulating discussions and helpful suggestions concerning the many aspects of the Devonian he has enjoyed with his fellow graduate students and others* Dr. John lance, Dr. Donald Bryant, Dr* E* B. Mayo, Dr* W illard Pye and D r. Halsey M ille r, as w ell as other members of the faculty of the University of Arizona are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in the prep* aration of this thesis* FRS ^DEVONIAN ROCKS Cochisef Pima, Santa Cruz Countiesf Arizona and Hidalgo County, New Mexico The relative ineessabillty of stratlgraphle sections, the pattern of economic development of mineral resources in Arizona and southern New Mexico, and the use of paleontolog­ ical evidence to indicate formation boundaries, have led to the present confusion that exists in the stratigraphic ter-- mlnology of the lower Paleozoic. The Devonian rocks of the thesis area are underlain by e ith e r the tipper Cambrian and Lower' Ordovician B1 Paso fo r­ mation, which occurs east of the Sulfur Springs valley in cen­
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