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Geologic History of an Ash-Flow Sequence and Its Source Area in the Basin and Range Province of Southeastern Arizona

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Geologic History of an Ash-Flow Sequence and Its Source Area in the Basin and Range Province of Southeastern Arizona Geologic history of an ash-flow sequence and its source area in the Basin and Range province of southeastern Arizona Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic); Maps Authors Marjaniemi, Darwin Keith, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 23:27:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558744 GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF AN ASH-FLOW SEQUENCE AND ITS SOURCE AREA IN THE BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE OF SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA by Darwin Keith M arjaniemi A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 0 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by _____Darwin Keith Marjaniemi_______________________ entitled GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF AN ASH-FLOW SEQUENCE AND ITS SOURCE AREA IN THE BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE OF SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of ________ Doctor of Philosophy________________________ __ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* O c ^ 7 / 7 O D<J 7. 190 QcJ: csjlS This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted- in partial fulfillment of requirem ents for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowlegment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the m aterial is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, per­ mission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was carried out while the author was employed in the Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry at The University of Arizona. The Laboratory is under the supervision of Professor Paul E. Damon. Financial support was provided by the U .S.A .E.C ., under contract AT(11-l)-689, and by the State of A riz o n a . The author extends foremost appreciation to Professor Damon, who suggested the Rhyolite Canyon problem, a problem so challenging and appropriate to the author's interests and abilities. Professional advice and assistance throughout the research program is acknowledged. Members of the Department of Geology assisted on many occasions. Dr. S. R. Titley advised on several problems and Dr. Evans B. Mayo's continued interest in the Rhyolite Canyon problem is acknowledged. Review of the dissertation by the examination committee is also acknowledged. The author's colleagues in the Geochemistry Laboratory assisted in laboratory aspects of the research. Dr. A. W. Laughlin was influential in the initial development of the author's interest in iii iv geochemistry, trained him in professional techniques, and assisted in the mass spectrometric analyses. Dennis Coleman and Judith Percious conducted flame photometric analyses of potassium and also assisted in mass spectrometric analyses. Raymond Eastwood and Robert Scarborough performed the X-ray fluorescence analyses. Dr. Paul Pushkar attempted to obtain strontium isotopic data on the very low strontium rocks. The Graduate College, through Dean Bonneville, made available financial support for two weeks of field trips in areas of current ash-flow and caldera research in the Southwest. The author considers that the experience gained from these trips greatly enhanced the efficiency of the research and that this experience was essential to the correct interpretation of the field data. In connection with the field trips, the author is pleased to acknowledge the cooperation and hospitality of volcanologists well-known in ash-flow research: Robert L. Smith, Ray A. Bailey, Wolfgang E. Elston, Peter W. Lipman, Thomas Steven, Robert Christiansen, Mike Sheridan, and Donald W. Peterson. All of these geologists indirectly assisted in the Chiricahua research. Professor Damon and Robert L. Smith were generous with their time in accompanying the author on a 3-day field trip in the area. Robert Smith shared his interest in the problem throughout the research. Robert A. Zeller provided unpublished information on volcanics in southwestern New Mexico. Superintendent Ray B. Ringenbach and staff of the Chiricahua National Monument were helpful at every opportunity. Residents of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico were hospitable and helpful, even to the extent of providing informa­ tion on the location of contacts. The Charles Smiths generously made available living facilities in the field area. Brenda M arjaniemi assisted in tasks such as typing and showed admirable interest, understanding and patience. TABLE OF CONTENTS P a g e L IST O F IL L U S T R A T I O N S ................................................................................ x L IS T O F T A B L E S ..........................................................................................................x iv A B S T R A C T ......................................................................................................................... x v i I. I N T R O D U C T I O N ..................................................................................... 1 N o m e n c la tu r e ............................................................................................... 3 Location and Physiographic Setting ►tx G eo lo g ic S e ttin g ......................................... S u b je c t of R e s e a r c h ................................................................. 9 Approach to the Problem .................................................................. 10 P re v io u s W o r k ...................................................................... 11 Organization of Research and D issertation .............................. 16 II. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RHYOLITE CANYON F O R M A T I O N ........................................................................................... 18 III. REGIONAL INVESTIGATIONS ....................................................... 27 IV. TERTIARY GEOLOGY OF THE CHIRICAHUA AND NORTHERN PEDREGOSA MOUNTAINS .................... 31 U n d e rly in g R o c k s ...................................................................................... 32 M o n u m e n t-C o c h ise H e a d ....................................................................... 33 C ave C re e k A r e a ...................................................................................... 35 H o rs e s h o e C anyon A r e a ...................................................................... 41 L o w e r R h y o l i t e s ............................................................................ 42 Rhyolite Canyon F o rm atio n .................................................. 45 U p p er R h y o lite s ............................................................................ 46 S hake G u lch A r e a ...................................................................................... 46 B ru n o C anyon A r e a ................................................................. 49 T u rk e y C re e k C a l d e r a ............................................................................ 54 The Distribution of Rhyolite Canyon Formation in the Chiricahua and Northern Pedregosa M o u n ta in s --A S u m m a r y .................................................................. 58 vi v ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) P a g e V. STRATIGRAPHY IN THE TURKEY CREEK C A L D E R A .............................. 61 Rocks Forming the Caldera Walls . 6l R h y o lite C an y o n T u f f s ............................................................................ 63 T h i c k n e s s ........................................................................................... 63 P e t r o g r a p h y ...................................................................................... 63 Upper and Lower Units: Characteristics an d D i s t r i b u t i o n ............................................................................ 65 Characteristics near Contact with the M o n z o n ite ........................................................................................... 70 Porphyritic R hyolites ............................................ 74 Moat Rhyolites ........................................................................................... 75 G e n e ra l C h a r a c te r is tic s and T h i c k n e s s ............................... 75 Lower Flows .....................................................................................
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