Euripides' Bacchae —One of the Most Famous, and Puzzling, Plays by Euripides

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 In- ternational License GRK 24: Euripides’ Bacchae

Dartmouth College Classics Department Winter 2017 GRK 24: Theatre. Euripides’ Bacchae

Instructor: Michael Lurie

Office: 319 Reed Hall E-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Monday 3:30-4:30pm and by appointment

Teaching Arrangements

Schedule: 2 (MWF 2:10-3:15; x-period: Th 1:20-2:10) Room: Dartmouth Hall 212

Brief description of the course

The course offers an opportunity to study in detail Euripides' Bacchae —one of the most famous, and puzzling, plays by Euripides. This is how Karl Reinhardt described the Bacchae in 1958: ‘His last tragedy, the Bacchae, he [sc. Euripides] triumphantly forged from the very im- possibility of a solution. In that play he presented the god of the theatre himself as a stranger, an alien on the stage, through whose mask and seductive, sinister quality, reason and unreason and everything human is wrecked. The horrendous revenge of the god of en- chantment for the resistance of a tyrannically assertive reason—that of the unhappy Pen- theus—a poor reason which succumbs to sexual desire even in that very assertion; the dramatist has withdrawn behind this sanctimonious, all too sanctimoniously dramatized le- gend-—or shall we call it a griphos (a riddle)? People are puzzling over it to this day.’ We will read and discuss the stunning play in the context of Greek literary, cultural, and intellectual history of the 5th century BCE. Attention will also be paid to the reception of the play, and Euripides in general, in modern theatre and thought, from the Renaissance to the 21st century.

Course Objectives On successful completion of the course, students should be able to: – translate fluently and accurately from the prescribed texts into clear and appropriate English – produce problem-oriented, well-argued, well-researched, relevant, and coherent coursework essays on specific aspects of Euripides, Greek tragedy, and Greek intellectual history of the archaic and classical ages – demonstrate in written work and in class an informed understanding of the most important cultural, intellectual, theological, and literary issues raised by the study of M. Lurie W 2017

Euripides’ Bacchae, Greek tragedy, and Greek intellectual history as well as of the most important scholarly approaches in the interpretation of Euripides.

Transferable Skills

The goals of the course are also to give students opportunities to: – enhance their ability to think critically and creatively using qualitative information – enhance their ability to express themselves clearly and concisely by means of persuasive writing – enhance their ability to express themselves clearly and concisely using the spoken word in both informal discussion and formal presentation – enhance their research skills – display and develop important learner behaviors

Assessment Grades will be based on a take-home midterm exam, a three-hour final exam, one paper (ca. 3,500 words), class participation, and several research memos and presentations. Class Participation/Preparedness/Attendance 15% Research Memos and Presentations 15% Midterm 20% Final Paper 30% Final Examination 20%

Required Texts

Please make sure you have the prescribed edition [available for download on Canvas]: Euripidis Fabulae, ed. J. Diggle, vol. I–III [Oxford Classical Texts] (Oxford 1984–1994) Bacchae: vol. III (1994) 287–356; ISBN: 978-0198145950.

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Class Schedule (provisional)

Week 1 Enter Dionysus: Bliss, Madness, and Destruction

Wednesday: Intro: What is (Greek) tragedy? From Goat Singers to the Tragic Sense of Life Thursday [x-h.]: Enter Dionysus: Bliss, Madness, and Destruction

Friday: No Class

Week 2 To Dance or Not to Dance? On Militant Puritans, Optimistic Rationalists, and Cynics

Monday: The God’s Advent (Prologue: Bacchae 1–64). Myth and Tragedy Wednesday: Teiresias, Kadmos, and Pentheus: 1st Epeisodion I (Bacch. 170–247)

Thursday [x-h.] Euripides and Greek Intellectual History I: The World in Disarray

Friday: Teiresias, Kadmos, and Pentheus: 1st Epeisodion II (248–327)

Week 3 What is Happiness? On the Difference Between Cleverness and Wisdom

Monday: No Class [Martin Luther King Jr. Day] Wednesday: Teiresias, Kadmos, and Pentheus: 1st Epeisodion III (328–369)

Thursday [x-h.] On Militant Puritans, Optimistic Rationalists, Cynics, and Laughter, Human and Divine: Making Sense of the 1st Epeisodion Friday: On the Difference between Cleverness and Wisdom: 1st Stasimon (370–433)

Week 4 On Miracles, Hallucinations, and Tragic Theology

Monday: Pentheus and Stranger (1st encounter): Bacch. 434–518 (2nd Epeisodion)

Wednesday: Pentheus and Stranger (2nd encounter): Bacch. 576–659

Thursday [x-h.] God’s Cunning Deception: Miracles, Hallucinations, and Tragic Theology Friday: Staged Narrative: Bacch. 660–774 (Messenger Speech I)

Week 5 Falling into the Hands of a Living God

Monday: Staged Narrative: Bacch. 660–774 (Messenger Speech II)

Wednesday: Pentheus and Stranger (3rd encounter I): Bacch. 775–861

Thursday [x-h.] Pentheus and Stranger (3rd encounter II): Bacch. 775–861

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Friday: ‘A hidden spring in Pentheus' mind’? Greek Theology, Human Nature, and Psy- chology in Euripides

Take-Home Midterm Exam (due on Monday, Week 6, in Class)

Week 6 The Loss of Self or: Whom Gods Destroy

Monday: Sweet Revenge I: Bacch. 862–911 (3rd Stasimon) Wednesday: Pentheus and Stranger (3rd encounter III): Bacch. 911–976

Thursday [x-h.] Sweet Revenge II: Bacch. 977–1032 (4th Stasimon)

Friday: Theology, Personal Identity, and Transvestism: Making Sense of the Dressing Scene

Arrange to meet with me individually in Week 6 to review the Midterm and discuss your Final Paper

Week 7 Homo Necans: There Will Be Blood

Monday: The Kill: Bacch. 1024–1152 (2nd Messenger Speech I)

Wednesday: The Kill: Bacch. 1024–1152 (2nd Messenger Speech II)

Thursday [x-h.] The Kill: Bacch. 1024–1152 (2nd Messenger Speech III) Friday: Drama and Dromena: Tragedy and Sacrificial Ritual

Week 8 Playing the God of Theatre: From Euripides to Charlie Kaufman

Monday: The Mechanics of an Exodos: Bacch. 1153–1215

Wednesday: Recognitions: Bacch. 1216–1301

Thursday [x-h.] Meta-theatrical elements in Euripides’ Bacchae? From Euripides to Shakespeare and Charlie Kaufman

Friday: Guest Speaker: Prof. Robert Cioffi (Bard): ‘Epiphany and Meta-theatre’

Week 9 Euripides and his Detractors: From Aristophanes to Nietzsche

Monday: Deus ex machina: Bacch. 1301–1390

Wednesday: Making Sense of the Exodos: Bacch. 1301–1390 Thursday [x-h.] Euripides and His Detractors: From Aristophanes to Nietzsche

Friday: Presentations of the Final Paper Projects

Screening and discussion of Suzuki Tadashi’s ‘Dionsyus'

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Week 10 Dionysus Resurrected? On French Avant-Garde, Sexual Liberation, and Noh Theatre

Monday: Euripides and (Post-)Modernity Wednesday: The Riddle of the Bacchae. Final Discussion

Final paper due on Wednesday, March 8, by midnight

Final Examination: Sunday 12 March 11:30am–2:30pm, Dartmouth 212

Course Policies

Honor Principle

Any work that is not the sole work of the student will be considered plagiarism. To avoid the temptation that arises from last minute panic, students who are having difficulty keeping up should contact me immediately. All work submitted for evaluation in the course must be identified as your own. You should make sure that all assignments have your name, course title, term, my name, and date of submission. All your ideas and quotations should be cited properly in accordance with the MLA or Chicago manual of style or other recognised author- ity.

Attendance, Participation, and Contact

In most classes interaction and discussion rather than passive listening will be the norm. You are expected to prepare in advance for each meeting, in particular by reading thoroughly the relevant text. Attendance is of course expected. If an absence is inevitable, please notify me in advance, if possible, or as soon after the missed class as possible. Persistent absence without sufficient justification will be reported to the student's Assistant Dean. Some students may wish to take part in religious observances that occur during this academic term. If you have a religious observance that conflicts with your participation in the course, please meet with me before the end of the second week of the term to discuss appropriate accommodations. Messages about the course will be circulated to students by e-mail. It will be assumed that every member of the class can be contacted at their University e-mail address and checks incoming mail regularly.

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Coursework: Late Submissions

For late submissions, 5% of the maximum obtainable grade will be deducted for each working day, up to a maximum of five days, after which a grade of 0% is to be recorded. Thus, if a paper which is due in on a Friday and which is to be marked out of 100% is handed in on the following Monday, it will be given a grade 5% less than what it is worth; if it is handed in on the following Thursday, it will be given a grade 20% less than what it is worth. These penalties will always be deducted unless an extension has been agreed with the instructor. This should normally be done in advance of the submission date.

Student Disabilities

Students with disabilities who may need disability-related academic adjustments and services for this course are encouraged to see me privately as early in the term as possible. Students requiring disability-related academic adjustments and services must consult the Student Accessibility Services office (205 Collis Student Center, 646-9900, [email protected]).

Once SAS has authorized services, students must show the originally signed SAS Services and Consent Form and/or a letter on SAS letterhead to their professor. As a first step, if students have questions about whether they qualify to receive academic adjustments and services, they should contact the SAS office. All inquiries and discussions will remain confidential.

Electronics policy

No electronic devices may be used in class except in those rare instances explicitly au- thorised by me. Please ensure that your phone is switched off or put on silent at the be- ginning of class and kept in your bag.

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Select Bibliography

A&A = Antike und Abendland GRBS = Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies AJP = American Journal of Philology HSCP = Harvard Studies in Classical Philology BICS = Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies ICS = Illinois Classical Studies CJ = Classical Journal JHS = Journal of Hellenic Studies CP = Classical Philology PCPS = Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological CQ = Classical Quarterly Society CR = Classical Review RhM = Rheinisches Museum CW = Classical World TAPA = Transactions of the American Philological G&R = Greece and Rome Association

1. GREEK TRAGEDY: GENERAL

Introductions and companions

A. Lesky, Greek Tragic Poetry, transl. by M. Dillon (New Haven & London 1972) B. Knox & P. Easterling (eds.), The Cambridge History of Classical Literature, vol. 1: Greek Liter- ature (Cambridge 1985) 258–338

J. de Romilly, La tragédie grecque (Paris 1970; 6e éd. 1997) B. Zimmermann, Greek Tragedy (German ed. 1986, engl. transl. London 1991) A. H. Sommerstein, Greek Drama and Dramatists (London/New York 2002) N. Sorkin Rabinowitz, Greek Tragedy (Oxford 2008) E. Hall, Greek Tragedy: Suffering under the Sun (Oxford 2010)

S. Goldhill, Reading Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1986) R. B. Rutherford, Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language, and Interpretation (Cambridge 2012) Companions

P. E. Easterling (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1997) J. Gregory (ed.), A Companion to Greek Tragedy (Blackwell 2005) R. Bushnell (ed.), A Companion to Tragedy (Blackwell 2005) M. McDonald & M. Walton (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Theatre (Cam- bridge 2007)

Encyclopedia H. M. Roisman (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy, vols. 1-2. (Malden, MA 2014) available on-line: http://libcat.dartmouth.edu/record=b5959887~S1

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Collections of essays

E. Segal (ed.), Oxford Readings in Greek Tragedy (Oxford 1983) M. S. Silk (ed.) Tragedy and the Tragic (Oxford 1996) C. Pelling (ed.), Greek Tragedy and the Historian (Oxford 1997) A. Sommerstein et al. (eds.), Tragedy, Comedy, and the Polis (Bari 1993) J. Elsner, H. Foley, S. Goldhill, E. Hall, and C. Kraus (eds.), Visualizing the Tragic. Drama, Myth and Ritual in Greek Art and Literature (Oxford 2007) A. Markantonatos & B. Zimmermann (eds.), Crisis on Stage. Tragedy and Comedy in Late Fifth- Century Athens (Berlin/Boston 2011)

Context, performance, theatre

A. W. Pickard-Cambridge, The Dramatic Festivals of Athens (2nd ed., Oxford 1968) O. Taplin, Greek Tragedy in Action (London 1987) J. R. Green, 'Theatre Production: 1971–1986,' Lustrum 31 (1989) 7–95 J. R. Green, 'Theatre production: 1987–1995,' Lustrum 37 (1995) 7–202, 309–18 E. Csapo & W. Slater, The Context of Ancient Drama (Ann Arbor 1995) D. Wiles, Greek Theatre Performance: an Introduction (Cambridge 2000) P. Wilson, The Athenian Institution of the Khoregia: the Chorus, the City, and the Stage (Cam- bridge 2000) B. le Guen, Les associations de Technites dionysiaques à l'époque hellénistique (Nancy 2001) J.-Ch. Moretti, Théâtre et société dans la Grèce antique (Paris 2001) P. Easterling & E. Hall (eds.), Greek and Roman Actors (Cambridge 2002) C. Hugoniot, F. Hurlet, S. Milanezi (eds.), Le Statut de l'acteur dans l'antiquité grecque et ro- maine (Presses Universitaires François-Rabelais 2004) E. Csapo/M. Miller (eds.), The Origins of Theater in Ancient Greece and Elsewhere: From Ritual to Drama (Cambridge 2006) M. Revermann, ‘The competence of theatre audiences in ﬁfth- and fourth-century Athens’, JHS 126 (2006) O. Taplin, Pots and Plays: Interactions between Tragedy and Greek Vase-painting of the Fourth Century BC (Getty Publications 2007) P. Wilson (ed.), The Greek Theatre and Festivals: Documentary Studies (Oxford 2007) R. Wyles, Costume in Greek tragedy (London 2011) D. Wiles, Mask and Performance in Greek Tragedy. From Ancient Festival to Modern Experimenta- tion (Cambridge 2012) M. Mueller, Objects as Actors Props and the Poetics of Performance in Greek Tragedy (Chicago 2016)

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Tragedy and the Polis: The ‘social function’ and 'civic ideology' debate

J-P. Vernant & P. Vidal-Naquet, Mythe et tragédie en Grèce ancienne (Paris 1972) engl. transl.: Tragedy and Myth in Ancient Greece (1981), Myth and Tragedy in Ancient Greece (1988, 1990) C. Meier, Die politische Kunst der griechischen Tragödie (München 1988), engl. transl.: The Polit- ical Art of Greek Tragedy, transl. by A. Webber (Baltimore 1993) S. Goldhill ‘The Great Dionysia and civic ideology’ in J. Winkler & F. Zeitlin (eds.), Nothing to Do With Dionysus? (Princeton 1990) 97–129 R. Kannicht, ‘Polis und Tragödie. Die Thebanische Trilogie des Aischylos’, in his Paradeigmata. Aufsätze zur griechischen Poesie, hrsg. von L. Käppel & E. A. Schmidt (Heidelberg 1996) 100– 124 J. Griffin, ‘The social function of Greek tragedy’, CQ 48 (1998) 39–61 J. Griffin ‘Sophocles and the democratic city’, in J. Griffin (ed.), Sophocles Revisited: essays in honour of Hugh Lloyd-Jones (Oxford 1999) 73–94 S. Goldhill, ‘Civic ideology and the problem of difference: the politics of Aeschylean tragedy, once again’, JHS 120 (2000) 34–56 R. Seaford, ‘The social function of Attic tragedy: a response to Jasper Griffin’, CQ 50 (2000) 30–44 P. J. Rhodes, ‘Nothing to do with democracy: Athenian drama and the polis’, JHS 123 (2003) 104–119 M. Heath, ‘The ‘social function’ of tragedy: clarifications and questions’, in: D. Cairns & V. Liapis (eds.), Dionysalexandros. FS A. F. Gravie (Swansea 2006) 253–282 D. M. Carter. (ed.), Why Athens: A Reappraisal of Tragic Politics (Oxford 2011)

Religion, Theology, Ethics

K. Latte, ‘Schuld und Sünde in der griechischen Religion,’ ARW 20 (1920/21) 254–298, repr. in his Kleine Schriften (München 1968) 3–35 H. Fränkel, 'Man’s ›Ephemeros‹ nature according to Pindar and Others’, (1931), engl. transl. in TAPA 77 (1946) 131–144 K. Deichgräber, ‘Der listensinnende Trug des Gottes’, (1940); repr. in his Ausgewählte Kleine Schriften, hrsg. von H. Gärtner, E. Heitsch, U. Schindel (Hildesheim 1984) 226–264 E. R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (Berkeley/Los Angeles 1951) J. C. Kamerbeek, ‘Prophecy and Tragedy,’ Mnemosyne 18 (1965) 29–40 W. Burkert, ‘Greek tragedy and sacriﬁcial ritual’, GRBS 7 (1966) 87–121 H. Lloyd-Jones, The Justice of Zeus (Berkeley 1971, 21983) [rev. by W. Kraus, Gnomon 49 (1977) 241–249] P. E. Easterling & J. V. Muir (eds.), Greek Religion and Society (Cambridge 1985) M. Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness. Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy (Cambridge 1986, rev. ed. 2001)

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S. Halliwell, ‘Human Limits and the Religion of Greek Tragedy’, Literature and Theology 4 (1990) 169–180 J. Mikalson, Honor Thy Gods: Popular Religion in Greek Tragedy (North Carolina 1991) N. R. E. Fisher, Hybris: a study in the values of honour and shame in ancient Greece (Warminster 1992) B. Williams, Shame and Necessity (Berkeley 1993) C. Gill, Personality in Greek Epic, Tragedy, and Philosophy (Oxford 1996) R. Parker, ‘Gods cruel and kind: Tragic and civic theology’, in C. Pelling (ed.), Greek Tragedy and the Historian (Oxford 1997) 143–160 M. L. West, ‘Ancestral curses,’ in: J. Griﬃn (ed.), Sophocles Revisited (Oxford 1999) 31–45 S. Scullion, ‘“Nothing to do with Dionysus”: tragedy misconceived as ritual’, CQ 52 (2002) 102– 137 C. Sourvinou-Inwood, Tragedy and Athenian Religion (Lanham 2003) R. Parker, ‘Religion in the theatre,’ in his Polytheism and Society at Athens (Oxford 2005) 136– 152 N. J. Sewell-Rutter, Guilt by Descent. Moral Inheritance and Decision Making in Greek Tragedy (Oxford 2007) R. Buxton, ‘Tragedy and Greek Myth,’ in: R. Woodard (ed.), Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology (Cambridge 2007) 166–189; repr. in his Myths and Tragedies in their ancient Greek Contexts (Oxford 2013) 121–144 M. Flower, The Seer in Ancient Greece (Berkeley 2009) H. S. Versnel, Coping With the Gods: Wayward Readings in Greek Theology (Leiden 2011) J. Fletcher, Performing Oaths in Classical Greek Drama (Cambridge 2013) S. Lawrence, Moral awareness in Greek tragedy (Oxford 2013) R. Gagné, Ancestral Fault in Ancient Greece (Cambridge 2013) F. Meinel, Pollution and Crisis in Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 2015)

Dramatic Irony

C. Thirwall, ‘On the Irony of Sophocles,’ Philological Museum 2 (1833), repr. in his Remains, Literary and Philological, ed. J. Stewart Perowne (London 1878), vol. 3, 1–57 G. M. Kirkwood, ‘The Irony of Sophocles’, in his A Study of Sophoclean Drama (New York/Lon- don 2 1971) 247–287 T. G. Rosenmeyer, ‘Ironies in serious drama,’ in: M. S. Silk (ed.), Tragedy and the Tragic (Oxford 1996) 497–519 N. J. Lowe, ‘Tragic and Homeric Ironies: Response to Rosenmeyer,’ in: M. S. Silk (ed.), Tragedy and the Tragic (Oxford 1996) 520–533 R. B. Rutherford, Greek Tragic Style (Cambridge 2012) 323–364

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Character and characterization

J. Gould ‘Dramatic character and “human intelligibility” in Greek tragedy’, PCPS 24 (1978) 43– 63, repr. in his Myth, Ritual, Memory and Exchange (Oxford 2001) ch. 3 C. Gill, ‘The Question of Character and Personality in Greek Tragedy,’ Poetics Today 7 (1986) 251–273 S. Goldhill, ‘Mind and Madness,’ in his Reading Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1986) 168–198 C. Pelling (ed.), Characterization and Individuality in Greek Literature (Oxford 1990) P. E. Easterling, ‘Constructing character in Greek tragedy,’ in C. Pelling (ed.), Characterization and Individuality in Greek Literature (Oxford 1990) 83–99 S. Goldhill, ‘Character and action, representation and reading: Greek tragedy and its critics,’ in: C. Pelling (ed.), Characterization and Individuality in Greek Literature (Oxford 1990) 101– 127 B. Seidensticker, ‘Character and characterization in Greek tragedy’, in: M. Revermann & P. Wilson (eds.), Performance, Iconography, Reception (Oxford 2008) 333–346 R. B. Rutherford, Greek Tragic Style (Cambridge 2012) 283–322

Chorus

A. Henrichs, ‘Why Should I Dance? Choral Self-Referentiality in Greek Tragedy, Arion 3/1 (1995) 56–111 H. Foley, ‘Choral identity in Greek tragedy’, Classical Philology 98 (2003) 1–30 L. Batezzato, ‘Lyric’, in J. Gregory (ed.), A Companion to Greek Tragedy (Blackwell 2005) 149– 166 L. Swift, The Hidden Chorus. Echoes of Genre in Tragic Lyric (Oxford 2010) R. B. Rutherford, Greek Tragic Style (Cambridge 2012) 217–282 R. Gagné & M. Govers Hopman (eds.), Choral Mediations in Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 2013)

Women on the Tragic Stage

N. Loraux, Façons tragiques de tuer une femme (Paris 1985), engl. transl.: Tragic Ways of Killing a Woman, trans. by A. Forster (Cambridge Mass. 1987) F. Zeitlin, ‘Playing the other: theater, theatricality, and the feminine in Greek drama,’ in: J. J. Winkler & F. I. Zeitlin (eds.), Nothing to do with Dionysos? (Princeton 1990) 63–96 B. Seidensticker, 'Women on the Tragic Stage,' in: B. Goff (ed.), History, Tragedy, Theory: Dia- logues on Athenian Drama (Austin, TX 1995) F. Zeitlin, Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature (Chicago 1996) L. McClure, Spoken like a Woman: Speech and Gender in Athenian Drama (Princeton 1999) H. Foley, Female Acts in Greek Tragedy (Princeton 2001)

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Messenger Speech

J. Fischl, De nuntiis tragicis (Wien 1910) L. Bergson, ‘Episches in den ῥήσεις ἀγγελικαί,’ RhM 102 (1959) 9–32 J. Keller, Struktur und dramatische Funktion des Botenberichtes bei Aischylos und Sophokles (Tübingen 1959) J. M. Bremer, ‘Why Messenger-speeches?’, in S. L. Radt, J. M. Bremer, and C.J. Ruijgh (eds.), Miscellanea Tragica in Honorem J.C. Kamerbeek (Amsterdam 1976) 29–48 I. J.F. de Jong, Narrative in Drama. The Art of the Euripidean Messenger-speech (Leiden 1991) A. D. Stéfanis, Le Messager dans la tragédie grecque (Athens 1997) J. Barrett, Staged Narrative: Poetics and the Messenger in Greek Tragedy (Berkeley 2002) M. Dickin, A Vehicle for Performance: Acting the Messenger in Greek Tragedy (Lanham, Md. 2009)

Some other important aspects and studies

W. Schadewaldt, Monolog und Selbstgespräch. Untersuchungen zur Formgeschichte der griechischen Tragödie (Berlin 1926; repr. Berlin 1966) R. Lattimore, Story Patterns in Greek Tragedy (Ann Arbor 1964) J. de Romilly, Time in Greek Tragedy (Ithaca 1967) W. Jens (ed.), Die Bauformen der griechischen Tragödie (München 1971) B. Vickers, Towards Greek Tragedy (London 1973) R. Buxton, Persuasion in Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1982) B. Seidensticker, Palintonos Harmonia. Studien zu komischen Elementen in der griechischen Tragödie (Göttingen 1982) W. B. Stanford, Greek Tragedy and the Emotions (London 1983) T. C. W. Stinton, ‘The Scope and Limits of Allusion in Greek Tragedy’, (1986); repr. in his Col- lected Papers on Greek Tragedy (Oxford 1990) 454–492 O. Taplin, ‘Fifth-Century tragedy and comedy: A Synkrisis’, JHS 106 (1986) 163–174 M. Heath, The Poetics of Greek Tragedy (London 1987) R. Padel, In and Out of the Mind: Greek images of the Tragic Self (Princeton 1992) R. Seaford, Reciprocity and Ritual: Homer and Tragedy in the Developing city-state (Oxford 1994) B. Goward, Telling Tragedy: Narrative Technique in Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides (Duck- worth 1999) E. M. Harris, D. F. Leão & P.J. Rhodes (eds.), Law and Drama in Ancient Greece (London 2010) E. Allen-Hornblower, From Agent to Spectator. Witnessing the Aftermath in Ancient Greek Epic and Tragedy (Berlin et al. 2016)

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Metre

P. Maas, Griechische Metrik (Leipzig 1923), engl. transl.: Greek Metre, transl. by H. Lloyd-Jones (Oxford 1962) A. M. Dale, The Lyric Metres of Greek Drama (Cambridge 21968) —, Metrical Analyses of Tragic Choruses, BICS Suppl. 21.1-3 (London 1971-1983) *M. L. West, Greek Metre (Oxford 1982) —, Introduction to Greek Metre (Oxford 1987) R. Kannicht, 'Griechische Metrik', in: H.-G. Nesselrath (Hrsg.), Einleitung in die Griechische Philologie (Stuttgart/Leipzig 1997) 343–362 A basic introduction for beginners: D. Mastronarde, ‘Introduction to prosody and metre’, in: Euripides, Medea, ed. by D. J. Mas- tronarde (Cambridge 2002) 97–108

Lost Plays and Fragments

TrGF vol. 1 (Snell-Kannicht): Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta vol. 1: Didascaliae Tragicae, Catalogi Tragicorum et Tragoediarum, Testimonia et Fragmenta Tragicorum minorum, ed. B. Snell, editio correctior et addendis aucta, curavit R. Kannicht (Göttingen 1986) TrGF vol. 2 (Snell-Kannicht): Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta vol. 2: Fragmenta adespota, edd. R. Kannicht et B. Snell (Göttingen1981) B. Gauly, L. Käppel [et al.] (eds.), Musa Tragica. Die Griechische Tragödie von Thespis bis Ezech- iel. Ausgewählte Zeugnisse und Fragmente (Göttingen 1991) M. Wright, The Lost Plays of Greek Tragedy, vol. 1: Neglected Authors (London et al. 2016)

2. EURIPIDES’ BACCHAE

Text

*Euripidis Fabulae, ed. J. Diggle, vol. I–III [Oxford Classical Texts] (Oxford 1984–1994) Bacchae: vol. III (1994) 287–356; ISBN: 978-0198145950 Euripides, ed. and transl. by D. Kovacs. vol. I–VI [Loeb] (Cambridge Mass. 1994–2003) Bacchae: vol. VI (2003) 1–153

Fragments

Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, vol. 5.1–2: Euripides, ed. R. Kannicht (Göttingen 2004) Euripides, Fragments, ed. and transl. by C. Collard & M. Cropp [Loeb Classical Library, Eurip- ides vol. VII–VIII ] (Cambridge Mass. 2003–2009)

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Euripides, Selected Fragmentary Plays; with introductions, translations and commentaries by C. Collard, M. J. Cropp and K. H. Lee, vol. 1–2 [Aris and Phillips Classical Texts] (Warminster 2005–2009)

Studies on the textual tradition

A. Turyn, The Byzantine Manuscript Tradition of the Tragedies of Euripides (Urbana 1957) W. S. Barrett, Euripides: Hippolytos (Oxford 1964, corrected reprint 1966) 45–57 G. Zuntz, An Inquiry into the Transmission of the Plays of Euripides (Cambridge 1965) K. Matthiessen, Studien zur Textüberlieferung der Hekabe des Euripides (Heidelberg 1974) D. J. Mastronarde & J.M. Bremer, The Textual Tradition of Euripides’ Phoinissai (Berkeley 1982) J. Diggle, The Textual Tradition of Euripides’ Orestes (Oxford 1991) Introduction D. Kovacs, ‘Text and transmission’, in: J. Gregory (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Greek Tragedy (Malden, MA 2005) 379–393

Scholia

E. Schwartz, Scholia in Euripidem (Berlin 1887–1891) D. J. Mastronarde, Euripides Scholia (2010–) a searchable database under construction: http:// euripidesscholia.org

Commentaries

*Euripides, Bacchae, ed. with intr., transl. & comm. by E. R. Dodds (Oxford 1944, 21960) Euripides, Bacchae, with intr., transl. & comm. by R. Seaford (Aris & Phillips 1996)

Studies on the text of Euripides

D. L. Page, Actors’ Interpolations in Greek Tragedy (Oxford 1934) J. Jackson, Marginalia Scaenica (Oxford 1955) J. Diggle, Studies on the text of Euripides: Supplices, Electra, Heracles, Troades, Iphigenia in Tau- ris, Ion (Oxford 1981) J. Diggle, Euripidea (Oxford 1994) D. Kovacs, Euripidea tertia (Leiden 2003)

Concordance. Language

J. T. Allen & G. Italie, A Concordance to Euripides (Berkeley 1954, repr. 1970) C. Collard, Supplement to the Allen & Italie Concordance to Euripides (Groningen 1971)

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P. T. Stevens, Colloquial Expressions in Euripides (Wiesbaden 1976) W. S. Barrett, Euripides: Hippolytos (Oxford 1964, corr. repr. 1966) [contains many important and interesting observations on Euripidean language] C. Collard, Composite Index to the ‘Clarendon’ Commentaries on Euripides 1938-1971 (Gronin- gen 1981) A. C. Moorhouse, The Syntax of Sophocles (Leiden 1982) [contains much of relevance to Euri- pides]

Some Signiﬁcant English Translations of the Bacchae

G. Murray (1902); facsimile edition: J. Morwood (ed), Gilbert Murray’s Euripides (Exeter 2005) 385–470 W. Arrowsmith (1959), repr. in: M. Griﬃth & G. Most (eds.), The Complete Greek Tragedies, 3rd ed., Euripides V (Chicago 2013) 19–84 R. Gibbons & C. Segal (2000), repr. in: P. Burian & A. Shapiro (eds.), The Complete Euripides vol. IV (Oxford 2009) 233–346 D. Kovacs (2002), in: Euripides, ed. and transl. by D. K. vol. VI (Loeb, Cambridge Mass. 2003) A. Carson (2016): Euripides, Bakkhai, a new version by A. C. (London 2016)

Introductions and Companions (see also general introductions listed under 1)

G. Murray, Euripides and his Age (2nd ed. London 1946, repr.) J. Gregory, 'Euripidean tragedy', in: J. Gregory, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Greek Tragedy (Oxford 2005) 251–270 M. Hose, Euripides. Der Dichter der Leidenschaften (München 2008)

Companions L. K. McClure (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Euripides (Oxford 2017, forthcoming) A. Markontatos (ed.), Brill’s Companion to Euripides (Leiden, forthcoming)

Comprehensive Analytical Bibliography of Euripidean Scholarship 1970-2000

M. Hose [et al.], ‘Euripides 1970-2000', Lustrum 47 (2005) [on Bacchae, pp. 591–650]

Collections of articles

Euripide. Sept exposés et discussions par H. Diller [et al.]. Entretiens sur l’Antiquité classique 6 (Vandœuvres-Genève 1960) E. R. Schwinge (ed.), Euripides. Wege der Forschung 89 (Darmstadt 1968) P. Burian (ed.), Directions in Euripidean criticism (Duke UP 1985)

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M. Cropp, K. Lee, and D. Sansone (eds.), Euripides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century, ICS 24–25 (1999/2000) J. Mossman (ed.), Oxford Readings in Euripides (Oxford 2003) P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin et al. 2016)

Books and articles on Euripides

A. W. Verral, Euripides the Rationalist: A Study in the History of Art and Religion (Cambridge 1895) W. Nestle, Euripides. Der Dichter der Griechischen Aufklärung (Stuttgart 1901) Th. Zielinski, ‘Antike Humanität. Zweiter Aufsatz’, Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum, Geschichte und deutsche Literatur und für Pädagogik 5 (1902) 635-651 E. R. Dodds, 'Euripides the irrationalist', CR 43 (1929) 97–104, reprinted in his The Ancient Concept of Progress (Oxford 1973) 78–91 K. Reinhardt, 'Die Sinneskrise bei Euripides' [The Intellectual Crisis in Euripides] (1958): repr. in his Tradition und Geist. Gesammelte Essays zur Dichtung (Göttingen 1960) 227–256; engl. transl. in: J. Mossman (ed.), Oxford Readings in Euripides (Oxford 2003) 16–46 A. Lesky, 'Psychologie bei Euripides', in: Euripide, Entretiens 6 (Vandœuvres-Genève 1960) 123–150 A. Lesky, 'Zur Problematik des Psychologischen in der Tragödie des Euripides', Gymnasium 67 (1960) 10–26, repr. in his Gesammelte Schriften (Bern/München 1966) 247–263 D. Conacher, Euripidean Drama (Toronto 1967) R. Winnington-Ingram, 'Euripides: poiêtês sophos', Arethusa 2 (1969) 127–42 S. Barlow, The Imagery of Euripides (London 1971, repr. 1986) B. Seidensticker, Palintonos Harmonia. Studien zu komischen Elementen in der griechischen Tragödie (Göttingen 1982) H. Foley, Ritual Irony: Poetry and Sacriﬁce in Euripides (Cornell 1985) H. E. Yunis, New Creed: Fundamental Religious Beliefs in the Athenian Polis and Euripidean Drama (Göttingen 1988) M. R. Lefkowitz, '›Impiety‹ and ›Atheism‹ in Euripides', CQ 39 (1989) 70–82 M. Hose, Studien zum Chor bei Euripides, 2 vols. (Stuttgart 1990–91) J. Gregory, Euripides and the Instruction of the Athenians (Michigan 1991) M. Lloyd, The Agon in Euripides (Oxford 1992) C. Segal, Euripides and the Poetics of Sorrow (Durham/London 1993) B. Seidensticker, 'Peripeteia and tragic dialectic in Euripidean tragedy', in: M. S. Silk (ed.), Tragedy and the Tragic, Greek Theatre and Beyond (Oxford 1996) 377–96 D. Conacher, Euripides and the Sophists (London 1998) M. Ostwald, ‘Atheism and the religiosity of Euripides’, in T. Breyfogle (ed.), Literary Imagina- tion, Ancient and Modern. Essays in Honor of David Grene (Chicago 1999)

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J. Gregory, ‘Comic elements in Euripides’, in: M. Cropp, K. Lee, and D. Sansone (eds.), Eurip- ides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century, ICS 24/25 (1999/2000) 59–74 A. Henrichs, 'Drama and dromena: bloodshed, violence, and sacriﬁcial metaphor in Eurip- ides', HSCP 101 (2000) 173–188 D. J. Mastronarde, 'Euripidean tragedy and theology', Seminari Romani di cultura greca 5 (2002) 17–49 C. Wildberg, Hyperisie und Epiphanie. Ein Versuch über die Bedeutung der Götter in den Dramen des Euripides (München 2002) F. Egli, Euripides im Kontext zeitgenössischer intellektueller Strömungen: Analyse der Funktion philosophischer Themen in den Tragödien und Fragmenten (München/Leipzig 2003) J. Holzhausen, Euripides politikos: Recht und Rache in Orestes und Bakchen (München/Leipzig 2003) K. Matthiessen, Euripides und sein Jahrhundert (München 2004) C. Wildberg, ‘Socrates and Euripides’, in: S. Ahbel-Rappe & R. Kamtekar (eds.), A Companion to Socrates (Oxford 2005) 21–35 M. Wright, Euripides’ Escape-Tragedies: A Study of Helen, Andromeda, and Iphigenia among the Taurians (Oxford 2005) J. Holzhausen, ‘Religion bei Euripides? Bemerkungen zu seiner Darstellung der Götter’, in: l. Berner & I. Tanaseanu-Döbler (eds.), Religion und Krirtik in der Antike (Berlin 2009) 29–38 M. Hose, Euripides als Anthropologe (München 2009) D. J. Mastronarde, The Art of Euripides (Cambridge 2010) K. Matthiessen, ‘Zur Religiosität der Tragödien des Euripides’, Hermes 138 (2010) 152–170 M. Wright, ‘The tragedian as critic: Euripides and early Greek poetics’, JHS 130 (2010) 165–184 M. Stieber, Euripides and the Language of Craft (Leiden et al. 2011) I. Torrance, Metapoetry in Euripides (Oxford 2013) V. Wohl, Euripides and the Politics of Form (Princeton 2015) L. Battezzato, ‘Euripides the antiquarian’, in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin 2016) 3–20 M. Hose, ‘Euripides-poet of irritations’, in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin 2016) 21–36 G. Hutchinson, ‘Gods wise and foolish: Euripides and Greek literature from Homer to Plut- arch’, in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly (Berlin 2016) 37–44 M. R. Lefkowitz, Euripides and the Gods (NYC 2016) P. Pucci, Euripides’s revolution under cover: an essay (Ithaca 2016)

Books and articles on Euripides’ Bacchae

G. Norwood, The Riddle of the Bacchae. The Last Stage of Euripides’ Religious Views (Manchester 1908)

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E. R. Dodds, ‘The place of the Bacchae in Euripides’ work’, in: Euripides, Bacchae, ed. with intr., transl. & comm. by E. R. Dodds (Oxford 1944, 21960) xxxix–l R. P. Winnington-Ingram, Euripides and Dionysus (Cambridge 1948; repr. with preface by P. E. Easterling, 1997) H. Diller, 'Die Bakchen und ihre Stellung im Spätwerk des Euripides' (1955); repr. in his Kleine Schriften (München 1971) 369–387 B. Seidensticker, 'Pentheus', Poetica 5 (1972) 35–63, repr. in his Über das Vergnügen an tragischen Gegenständen (München/Leipzig 2005) 181–192 B. Seidensticker, 'Comic elements in Euripides' Bacchae', AJP 99 (1978) 303–320, repr. in his Über das Vergnügen an tragischen Gegenständen (München 2005) 121–140 B. Seidensticker, 'Sacriﬁcial ritual in the Bacchae,' in G. W. Bowersock [et al.] (eds.), Arktouros (Berlin 1979) 181–190, repr. in his Über das Vergnügen an tragischen Gegenständen (Mün- chen 2005) 181–192 H. Foley, ‘The masque of Dionysus’, TAPA 110 (1980) 107-133; repr. in: J. Mossman (ed.), Ox- ford Readings in Euripides (Oxford 2003) 342–368 C. Segal, Dionysiac Poetics and Euripides’ Bacchae (Princeton 1982, 21997) H. Oranje, Euripides’ Bacchae. The Play and its Audience (Leiden 1984) H. Foley, ‘The Bacchae’, in her Ritual Irony: Poetry and Sacriﬁce in Euripides (Ithaca NY 1985) 205–258 [ch. 5] J. Gregory, 'Some aspects of seeing in Euripides' Bacchae', G&R 32 (1985) 23–31 C. Segal, ‘The Bacchae as meta-tragedy’, in: P. Burian (ed.), Directions in Euripidean Criticism (Duke UP 1985) 154–171 [= C. Segal, Dionysiac Poetics and Euripides’ Bacchae (Princeton 1982, 21997) ch. 7: ‘Meta-tragedy: Art, Illusion, Imitation’] J.-P. Vernant, ‘Le Dionysos masqué des Bacchantes d’Euripide’ , L’Homme 25 (1985) 31-58; repr. in: J-P. Vernant & P. Vidal-Naquet, Mythe et tragédie en Grèce ancienne, t. 2 (Paris 1986) 237–270; engl. Myth and Tragedy in Ancient Greece (NYC 1988) 381–412 [‘The masked Dionysus of Euripides’ Bacchae’] D. J. Mastronarde, 'The Optimistic Rationalist in Euripides: Theseus, Jocasta, Teiresias', in: M. Cropp [et al.] (eds.), Greek Tragedy and its Legacy. FS D. Conacher (Calgary 1986) 201–221 C. Segal, 'Euripides' Bacchae. The Language of self and the language of the mysteries’, in his Interpreting Greek Tragedy: Myth, Poetry, Text (Cornell 1986) 294–312 [ch. 9] J. March, 'Euripides' Bakchai: A reconsideration in the Light of Vase-Paintings', BICS 36 (1989) 33–65 H. S. Versnel, ‘ΕΙΣ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ. the tragic paradox pf the Bacchae’, in his Inconsistencies in Greek and Roman Religion I: Ter Unus (Leiden 1990) 96–205 R. Buxton, 'News from Cithaeron: Narrators and narratives in the Bacchae', Pallas 37 (1991) 39–48 R. K. Fisher, ‘The ‘Palace Miracles’ in Euripides’ Bacchae: A reconsideration’, AJPh 113 (1992) 179–188

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W. Kullmann, ‘Die “Rolle” des euripideischen Pentheus: Haben die Bakchen eine “metatheat- ralisch” Bedeutung?’, in: G. W. Most [et al.] (eds.), Philanthropia kai eusebeia: FS Albrecht Dihle (Göttingen 1993) 248–263 C. Wildberg, ‘Piety as Service, Epiphany as Reciprocity: Two Observations on the Religious Meaning of the Gods in Euripides’, Illinois Classical Studies 24/25, Euripides and Tragic Theatre in the Late Fifth Century (1999-2000) 235-256 A. Henrichs, 'Drama and dromena: bloodshed, violence, and sacrificial metaphor in Eurip- ides', HSCP 101 (2000) 173–18 C. Wildberg, Hyperesie und Epiphanie. Ein Versuch über die Bedeutung der Götter in den Dramen des Euripides (München 2002) J. Holzhausen, Euripides politikos. Recht und Rache in Orestes und Bakchen (München/Leipzig 2003) V. Wohl, ‘Beyond Sexual Difference: Becoming-Woman in Euripides' Bacchae’, in: V. Pedrick & S. M. Oberhelman (eds.), The Soul of Tragedy: Essays on Athenian Drama (Chicago 2005) 137–154 G. Β. Donzelli, ‘Il riso amaro di Dioniso. Euripide, Baccanti, 170–369’, in· E. Medda et al. (eds.), ΚΩΜΩΙΤΡΑΓΩΙΔΙΑ: intersezioni del tragico e del comico nel teatro del V secolo a.C. (Pisa 2006) 1–17 S. Mills, Euripides: Bacchae, Duckworth Companions (London 2006) C. Thumiger, Hidden paths: Self and characterization in Greek tragedy; Euripides' Bacchae (Lon- don 2007) F. Dunn, ‘Metatheatre and metaphysics in two late Greek tragedies’, in: K. Gounaridou (ed.), Text & Presentation, 2010 (2011) 5–18 R. Buxton, ‘Feminized males in Bacchae: the importance of discrimination’, in: S. Goldhill & E. Hall (eds.), Sophocles and the Greek Tragic Tradition (Cambridge 2009) 232-250; repr. in his Myths and Tragedies in their ancient Greek Contexts (Oxford 2013) 219–240 M. C. Encinas Reguero, ‘The names of Dionysos in Euripides' Bacchae and the rhetorical language of Teiresias’, in: A. Bernabé [et al.] (eds.), Redefining Dionysos (Berlin 2013) 349–365 A. Lamari, ‘Madness narrative in Euripides' Bacchae’, in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin 2016) 241–256 S. M. Otero, ‘The image of Dionysos in Euripides' Bacchae: The God and his epiphanies', in: A. Bernabé [et al.] (eds.), Redefining Dionysos (Berlin 2013) 329–348 N. Schwartz, ‘Under the spell of the Dionysian: Some meta-tragic aspects of the Xenos at- tributes in Euripides´ Bacchae’, in: A. Bernabé [et al.] (eds.), Redefining Dionysos (Berlin 2013) 301–328 I. de Jong, ’Euripides, Bacchae 1043-1152 (The Death of Pentheus)’, in her Narratology and Classics (Oxford 2014) 197–224 S. Schein, ‘The language of wisdom in Sophokles' Philoktetes and Euripides' Bacchae,' in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin 2016) 257–274

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B. Seidensticker, ‘The ﬁgure of Teiresias in Euripides' Bacchae,' in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin 2016) 275–284 D. Stuttard (ed.), Looking at Bacchae (London 2016) [Contents: D. Stuttard, ‘Bacchae in Context’ — 1. E. Hall , ’Perspectives on the Impact of Bacchae in its Original Performance’ — 2. A. H. Sommerstein, ’Bacchae and Earlier Tragedy’ — 3. I. Karamanou, ’Family Reunion or Household Disaster? Exploring Plot-Diversity in Euripides' Last Production’ — 4. R. Wyles, ’Staging in Bacchae’ — 5. C. Carey, ’Looking at the Bacchae in Bacchae’ — 6. R. Seaford, ’Mysteries and Politics in Bacchae’, — 7. J. Morwood, ’'A Big Laugh': Horrid Laughter in Euripides' Bacchae’, — 8. D. Kovacs, ’New Religion and Old in Euripides' Bacchae’ — 9. A. Garvie, ’Paradoxes and Themes in Bacchae’ — 10. H. Roisman, ’Euripides' Bacchae – a Revenge Play’ — 11. S. Mills, ’The Grandsons of Cadmus’ — 12. B. van Zyl Smit, ’Bacchae in the Modern World’] D. Susanetti, ‘The Bacchae: manipulation and destruction,’ in: P. Kyriakou & A. Rengakos (eds.), Wisdom and Folly in Euripides (Berlin 2016) 285–298 L. Reitzammer, ‘Bacchae’, in: L. K. McClure (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Euripides (Oxford 2017) 298–312

3. Greek Religion, Dionysus

W. Burkert, Greek Religion (Oxford 1985) J. N. Bremmer, Greek religion (Oxford 1994) E. Eidinow & J. Kindt (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion (Oxford 2015)

Dionysus

A. Henrichs, ‘Greek Maenadism from Olympias to Messalina’, in: HSCP 82 (1978) 121-160 —, ‘Changing Dionysiac identities', in B. F. Meyer and E. P. Sanders (eds.), Jewish and Christian Self-Definition, vol. 3: Self-Definition in the Greco-Roman World (London 1982) 137–160 —, ‘Loss of Self, Suffering, Violence: The Modern View of Dionysus from Nietzsche to Girard', HSCP 88 (1984) 205-240 T. H. Carpenter & C. A. Faraone (eds.), Masks of Dionysus (Ithaca/London 1993) R. Parker, Athenian Religion: A History (Oxford 1996) Ch. 9 R. Seaford, Dionysos (London and New York 2006) R. Schlesier & A. Schwarzmaier (eds.), Dionysos: Verwandlung und Ekstase (Berlin 2008) R. Schlesier (ed.), A different God? Dionysos and Ancient Polytheism (Berlin et al. 2011) A. Bernabé [et al.] (eds.), Redefining Dionysos (Berlin et al. 2013)

Iconography

C. Gasparri et al., ‘Dionysus’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC) vol. 3.1 (1986) 414-566

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A. Henrichs, 'Myth Visualized: Dionysos and His Circle in Sixth-Century Attic Vase-Painting', in: Papers on the Amasis Painter and His World (Malibu 1987) 92–124 T.H. Carpenter, Dionysian Imagery in Archaic Greek Art (Oxford 1986) —, Dionysian Imagery in Fifth-Century Athens (Oxford 1997) C. Isler-Kerenyi, Dionysos in Archaic Greece. An Understanding Through Images (Leiden 2006) —, Dionysos in Classical Athens: An Understanding Through Images (Leiden 2015) A. Heinemann, Der Gott des Gelages: Dionysos, Satyrn und Mänaden auf attischem Trinkgeschirr des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. (Berlin 2016) R. R. R. Smith, Hellenistic Sculpture (London 1991), ch. 8: 'The World of Dionysos'

4. (GREEK) TRAGEDY AND THE TRAGIC. TRAGEDY AND PHILOSOPHY

P. Friedländer, Die griechische Tragödie und das Tragische (1925-26), repr. in his Studien zur antiken Literatur und Kunst (Berlin 1969) 107–182 K. von Fritz, ‘Tragische Schuld und poetische Gerechtigkeit in der griechischen Tragödie’, Studium Generale 8 (1955) 194–218; repr. in his Antike und moderne Tragödie. Neun Abhand- lungen (Berlin 1962) 1–112 G. Steiner, The Death of Tragedy (New Haven & London 1961) P. Szondi, Versuch über das Tragische (1961), engl. transl. An Essay on the Tragic, transl. P. Fleming (Stanford 2002) T. Cave, Recognitions. A study in Poetics (Oxford 1988) T. Eagleton, Sweet Violence. The Idea of the Tragic (Oxford 1988) I. Soll, ‘Pessimism and the tragic view of life: Reconsiderations of Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy,’ in: R. C. Solomon & K. M. Higgins (eds.), Reading Nietzsche (Oxford 1990) 104–131 M. S. Silk (ed.), Tragedy and the Tragic (Oxford 1996) B. Williams, ‘The Women of Trachis: Fictions, Pessimism, Ethics’, (1996), repr. in his The Sense of the Past: Essays in the History of Philosophy, ed. and with an intro. by M. Burnyeat (Prin- ceton 2006) 49–59 G. Most, 'Generating genres: The idea of the tragic,' in M. Depew & D. Obbink (eds.), Matrices of Genre. Authors, Canons, and Society (Cambridge, MA 2000) 15–35 S. Halliwell, ‘Plato’s repudiation of the tragic’, in his The Aesthetics of Mimesis. Ancient Texts and Moderns Problems (Princeton 2002) 98–117 R. Rehm, Radical Theatre: Greek Tragedy and the Modern World (London 2003) J. Dienstag, ‘Tragedy, pessimism, Nietzsche,’ New Literary History 35 (2004) 83–101 M. Lurie, Die Suche nach der Schuld. Sophokles’ Oedipus Rex, Aristoteles’ Poetik und das Tragödi- enverständnis der Neuzeit (München/Leipzig 2004; repr. Berlin/New York 2013) A. Henrichs, ‘Nietzsche on Greek tragedy and the tragic’, in: J. Gregory (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Greek Tragedy (Oxford 2005) 444–458

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R. Felksi (ed.), Rethinking Tragedy (Baltimore 2007) M. Lurie, ‘Facing up to tragedy: Toward an intellectual history of Sophocles in Europe from Camerarius to Nietzsche’, in: K. Ormand (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Sophocles (Ox- ford 2012) 440–461 C. C. Raymond, ‘Nietzsche on tragedy and morality,’ in: D. Came (ed.), Nietzsche on Art and Life (Oxford 2014) 57–78 G. Billings, Genealogy of the Tragic. Greek Tragedy and German Philosophy (Princeton 2014) B. Hoxby, What Was Tragedy? Theory and the Early Modern Canon (Oxford 2015) M. Leonard, Tragic Modernities (Cambridge, Mass. 2015)

5. RECEPTION(S), TRANSFORMATION(S), AND PERFORMANCE(S)

General

W. Schadewaldt, ‘Antike Tragödie auf der modernen Bühne. Zur Geschichte der Rezeption der griechischen Tragödie auf der heutigen Bühne’ (1955); repr. in his Hellas und Hesperi- en. Gesammelte Schriften zur Antike und zur neueren Literatur, vol. 2 (Zürich/Stuttgart 21970) 622–649 H. Flashar, Inszenierung der Antike. Das griechische Drama auf der Bühne der Neuzeit 1585–1990 (München 1991) M. McDonald, Ancient Sun, Modern Light: Greek Drama on the Modern Stage (New York 1992) A. S. Green, The Revisionist Stage: American Directors Reinvent the Classics (New York 1994) P. Burian, ‘Tragedy adapted for stages and screens: the Renaissance to the present’, in: P. E. Easterling (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1997) 228– 283 F. Macintosh, ‘Tragedy in performance: nineteenth- and twentieth-century productions’, in: P. E. Easterling (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy (Cambridge 1997) 284– 323 M. McDonald & J. M. Walton (eds.), Amid Our Troubles: Irish Versions of Greek Tragedy (London 2002) R. Garland, Surviving Greek Tragedy (London 2004) E. Hall, F. Macintosh, A. Wrigley (eds.), Dionysus Since 69: Greek Tragedy at the Dawn of the Third Millennium (Oxford 2004) E. Hall & F. Macinotsh, Greek Tragedy and the British Theatre, 1660–1914 (Oxford 2005) P. France & S. Gillespie (eds.), The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English, vol. 1–5 (Ox- ford 2005–) [vol. 1: To 1500 — vol. 2: 1550–1660 — vol. 3: 1660–1790 — vol. 4: 1790–1900] M. Walton, Found in Translation Greek Drama in English (Cambridge 2006) S. Goldhill, How to Stage Greek Tragedy Today (Chicago 2007) H. Foley, Reimagining Greek Tragedy on the American Stage (Berkeley 2012)

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The Oxford History of Classical Reception in English Literature, vol. 1–5 (Oxford 2012–) [v. 1: 800- 1558 — v. 2: 1558–1660 — v. 3: 1660–1790 — v. 4: 1790–1880] P. Michelakis, Greek Tragedy on Screen (Oxford 2013) K. Bosher et al. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Greek Drama in the Americas (Oxford 2015)

Euripides

M. Heath, '‘Jure principem locum tenet’: Euripides’ Hecuba', BICS 34 (1987) 40–68: repr. in: J. Mossman (ed.), Euripides. Oxford Readings in Classical Studies (Oxford 2003) 218–260 B. Garnier, Pour une poétique de la traduction. L’Hécube d’Euripide en France, de la traduction humaniste à la tragédie classique (Paris 1999) N. McDowell, 'Milton’s Euripides and the superior rationality of the heathen’, The Seventeenth century 31 (2016) 215–237 U. Petersen, Goethe und Euripides. Untersuchungen zur Euripides-Rezeption in der Goethezeit (Heidelberg 1974) A. N. Michelini, Euripides and the Tragic Tradition (Madison, Wis. 1987) A. Henrichs, 'The Last of the Detractors: Friedrich Nietzsche’s Condemnation of Euripides', in: GRBS 27 (1986) 369–387

M. McDonald, Euripides in Cinema: The Heart Made Visible (Philadelphia 1983) E. Hall, F. Macintosh, O. Taplin (eds.), Medea in Performance 1500-2000 (Oxford 2000) H. Foley, ‘Twentieth-Century Performance and Adaptation of Euripides,’ Illinois Classical Stud- ies, 24/25 (1999/2000) 1–13 Companion

R. Lauriola & K. Demetrio (eds.), Brill's Companion to the Reception of Euripides (Leiden 2015)

Euripides’ Bacchae

Books

M. Fusillo, Il dio ibrido: Dioniso e le "Baccanti" nel Novecento (Bologna 2006) E. Fischer-Lichte, Dionysus Resurrected: Performances of Euripides' The Bacchae in a Globalizing World (Blackwell 2014) C. J. P. Friesen, Reading Dionysus. Euripides' Bacchae and the cultural contestations of Greeks, Jews, Romans, and Christians (Tübingen 2015) S. Perris, The Gentle, Jealous God: Reading Euripides' Bacchae in English (London 2016) O. Leege & T. Poiss (eds.), Moderne Transformationen der Bakchen des Euripides (Berlin, forthcoming)

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Articles

M. McDonald, ‘Suzuki Tadashi’s Bacchae: No(h) Bacchae’, in her Ancient Sun, Modern Light: Greek Drama on the Modern Stage (New York 1992) 59–74 I. Carruthers, ‘Suzuki’s Euripides (II): The Bacchae’, in: I. Carruthers & T. Yasunari (eds.), The Theatre of Suzuki Tadashi (Cambridge 2004) 154–179 F. Zeitlin, ‘Dionysus in 69’, in: Dionysus Since 69: Greek Tragedy at the Dawn of the New Milleni- um, ed. E. Hall, F. Macintosh & A. Wrigley (Oxford 2004) 49–76 J. Carlevale, ‘The Dionysian revival in American ﬁction of the sixties’, IJCT 12 (2006) 364–391 G. A. H. van Steen, ’Bloody (Stage) Business: Matthias Langhoff's Sparagmos of Euripides' Bacchae (1997),’ in: G. W. M. Harrison & V. Liapis (eds.), Performance in Greek and Roman Theatre (Leiden 2013) 501–516 S. Perris, ‘Bacchant Women’, in K. Demetriou & R. Lauriola (eds.), Brill’s Companion to the Re- ception of Euripides (Leiden 2015) 507–548 S. P. Oakley, ‘Dodds’ Bacchae’, in: C. S. Kraus and C. Stray (eds.), Classical Commentaries: Explo- rations in a Scholarly Genre (Oxford 2016) 84–112 F. Schironi, ‘Staging, interpreting, speaking through Euripides: Ingmar Bergman directs the Bacchae,’ IJCT 23.2 (2016) 127-157

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