DOCSLIB.ORG

Neither Phoebe Nor Cinnamomum - the Tetrasporangiate Species of Aiouea (Lauraceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Neither Phoebe Nor Cinnamomum - the Tetrasporangiate Species of Aiouea (Lauraceae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320588407 Neither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum - the tetrasporangiate species of Aiouea (Lauraceae) Article in Taxon · October 2017 DOI: 10.12705/665.6 CITATION READS 1 167 7 authors, including: Randi Rohde Barbara Rudolph University of Hamburg University of Hamburg 1 PUBLICATION 1 CITATION 35 PUBLICATIONS 274 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Pedro Moraes Jie Li São Paulo State University Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden 88 PUBLICATIONS 403 CITATIONS 1,162 PUBLICATIONS 9,645 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Studies on Pteridium from South America View project REDS-II View project All content following this page was uploaded by Randi Rohde on 28 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. TAXON 66 (5) • October 2017: 1085–1111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae) Neither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum – the tetrasporangiate species of Aiouea (Lauraceae) Randi Rohde,1 Barbara Rudolph,1 Kristina Ruthe,1 Francisco G. Lorea-Hernández,2 Pedro Luis Rodrigues de Moraes,3 Jie Li4 & Jens G. Rohwer1 1 Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany 2 Instituto de Ecología, Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico 3 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, CEP 13506-900, Caixa Postal 199, Brazil 4 Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Rd., Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Author for correspondence: Jens G. Rohwer, [email protected] ORCID JGR, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-9015 DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/665.6 Abstract Cinnamomum is among the largest genera of the Lauraceae, including species from tropical to temperate Asia and from tropical to subtropical America. However, previous studies indicated that Cinnamomum might not be monophyletic in its current circumscription. We therefore re-investigated the genus and possible relatives with an increased taxon sample, particularly of the Neotropical species. Our results, based on sequences of the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast spacers psbA-trnH and trnG-trnS, show that the Neotropical Cinnamomum species indeed do not form a monophyletic group with the Paleotropical species. Instead, the American species form a clade in which most species of the Neotropical genus Aiouea are nested within several subclades. According to the ITS data the Aiouea/Cinnamomum clade is sister to the likewise predominantly Neotropical Ocotea complex, rather than the two Paleotropical Cinnamomum clades. Therefore, Cinnamomum cannot be upheld in its cur- rent circumscription. As the type C. verum, is from Asia, the Neotropical species need to be placed in a different genus. We decided to transfer them to Aiouea here, because this is the oldest generic name in the Aiouea/Cinnamomum clade, and the only character separating Aiouea from Neotropical Cinnamomum is the number of pollen sacs per anther (di- vs. tetrasporangiate), a feature that is known to be variable within several other genera as well. This transfer requires 42 new combinations and two nomina nova. In addition, six species described in the unpublished Ph.D. thesis of one of the authors (FLH) are validated in Aiouea here, and the only species of the genus Mocinnodaphne is transferred to Aiouea as well. Keywords Aiouea; Cinnamomum; cpDNA; ITS; Lauraceae; Mocinnodaphne; Neotropics; phylogeny; psbA-trnH; trnG-trnS Supplementary Material Electronic Supplement (results of maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference, and maximum likeli- hood analyses of the ITS, cpDNA and combined datasets, and the full descriptions, paratype data and discussions of the newly described species) and DNA sequence alignments, are available in the Supplementary Data section of the online ver- sion of this article at http://ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax INTRODUCTION (Rohwer, 2000; Chanderbali & al., 2001; Chanderbali, 2004; Rohwer & al., 2009; Li & al., 2011). According to the results of The Lauraceae are the largest woody family of the Chanderbali & al. (2001), Groth (2003) and Huang & al. (2016), Magnoliidae and are commonly found in moist tropical and Cinnamomum Schaeff. appears to be one of those doubtfully subtropical forests of Central and South America, Africa, delimited genera. As currently circumscribed (Kostermans, Madagascar, the Canary Islands, Asia, and Australia (Rohwer, 1961; Rohwer, 1993a), it includes an Old World group, predomi- 1993a). The family consists of about 50 genera and approxi- nantly distributed in subtropical to tropical Asia, plus a few spe- mately 2500 to 3500 species as estimated by Rohwer (1993a). cies in Australia and the western Pacific area, as well as a New In the past, morphology-based delimitations of genera appeared World group in Central and South America. Rohwer (1993a) complicated and resulted in divergent classifications based on estimated the total number of species to about 350, including the importance of specific characters emphasized by differ- about 60 American species. Lorea-Hernández (1996), however, ent authors (Rohwer, 1993a; Van der Werff & Richter, 1996). recognized only 47 Neotropical species, and many names for Molecular studies, however, turned out to be largely congruent, Asian species have since been reduced to synonymy, especially and revealed that several traditional genera were polyphyletic by Li & al. (2008). The American species currently placed in Received: 2 Dec 2016 | returned for (first) revision: 20 Jan 2017 | (last) revision received: 22 May 2017 | accepted: 22 May 2017 || publication date(s): online fast track, n/a; in print and online issues, 24 Oct 2017 || © International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) 2017 Version of Record 1085 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae) TAXON 66 (5) • October 2017: 1085–1111 Cinnamomum had been included in Phoebe Nees by Nees (1836 Cinnamomum, but at the same time raised doubts about the – except Cinnamomum montanum (Sw.) Bercht. & J.Presl), current circumscription of Cinnamomum. The Paleotropical Meissner (1864) and Mez (1889). Kostermans (1961) transferred and Neotropical species did not form a monophyletic group, but them to Cinnamomum based on characters of the fruit. Already were rather placed in different clades consisting exclusively of Nees (1836) had noted that there were two distinct groups in either Paleotropical or Neotropical species. A few Neotropical Phoebe (in his circumscription): in the Asian species (now Cinnamomum species appeared nested among Ocotea Aubl., Phoebe s.str.) the fruit does not have a cupule, and its base whereas the majority formed a clade with species of Aiouea is clasped by enlarged, indurate tepals (Fig. 1A), whereas in Aubl. and Mocinnodaphne Lorea-Hern. (Chanderbali & al., the American species there is a cupule of variable size with 2001; Groth, 2003), but the nodes separating these clades were or without remnants of the tepals on its margin, or at least a only weakly supported. thickened and more or less fleshy pedicel (Fig. 1B). The latter Previous molecular studies including Cinnamomum were characters are also found in the Asian species of Cinnamomum conducted using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) (Fig. 1C, D). In addition, the American and Asian species cur- of nuclear ribosomal DNA (Chanderbali & al., 2001; Groth, rently placed in Cinnamomum share trimerous flowers with 2003; Rohwer & al., 2009; Lee & al., 2010 [ITS2]) and chloro- six equal tepals, nine fertile stamens, each with (mostly) four plast markers such as matK, trnL-trnF, rpoB, rbcL and rpl16 pollen sacks placed in two pairs above each other, and three (Rohwer, 2000; Chanderbali & al., 2001; Kuo & al., 2010; internal staminodes with sagittate glandular heads. These Sudmoon & al., 2014; Swetha & al., 2014). These markers, floral characters, however, are likely to be plesiomorphic, as however, did not yield substantial support values for the nodes they are also found in the Persea group, the sister group of the separating the main clades of Cinnamomum. Better support core Lauraceae (Cinnamomeae, Laureae). Molecular studies for some of the main clades was found in a recent study by (Rohwer, 2000; Chanderbali & al., 2001; Groth, 2003; Rohwer Huang & al. (2016) using ITS as well as two low-copy nuclear & al., 2009; Huang & al., 2016) confirmed that the American gene regions, the second intron of the LEAFY gene and a part species do not belong to the genus Phoebe and are closer to of the rpb2 gene. This study, however, was focused on the Fig. 1. Fruits of Phoebe and Cinnamomum species. A, Phoebe sp., almost mature (Indonesia, Bogor Botanical Garden); B, Aiouea hirsuta (“Cinnamomum hirsutum”), immature (Brazil, São Paulo, Serra da Cantareira); C, Cinnamomum wilsonii, immature (sect. Cinnamomum; China, Kunming Botanical Garden); D, Cinnamomum glanduliferum, mature (sect. Camphora; China, yard of Kunming Institute of Botany). — Scales: A, Black and white squares 1 cm wide; B–D, scale bar = 1 cm. All photos by Jens G. Rohwer. 1086 Version of Record TAXON 66 (5) • October 2017: 1085–1111 Rohde & al. • Transfer of Neotropical “Cinnamomum” to Aiouea (Lauraceae) Asian species and did not include Neotropical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cryptocarya of Thedirectorategeneral for Cryptocarya Development Cooperation , a Large, Pantropical Genus of Genus Pantropical Large, a , Cryptocarya Species
    Taxonomy of Cryptocarya species of Brazil Taxonomy of Cryptocarya This revision of Brazilian species of Cryptocarya, a large, pantropical genus of species of Brazil Lauraceae, comes highly recommended. Lauraceae is an extensive family of trees that has remained poorly studied because large trees with small fl owers are often ignored by fi eld workers. In a time when so much botanical research is focused on relationships between taxa, it is refreshing to see such a detailed work on species delimitation in a previously inaccessible group. Everything one could want to know about neotropical Cryptocarya species is included: keys, descriptions, illustrations, use, etc. In short, this is a monograph in the classical sense. Pedro L.R. de Moraes The author has studied the species extensively in the fi eld and this fi eld knowledge adds much to the value of this taxonomic review and sets it apart from most revisions that often are largely based on studies of dried specimens. Here, detailed discussions of fi eld characters and photographs of fresh specimens are aptly integrated. In conclusion, this is an excellent contribution to our knowledge of Lauraceae and the author is to be congratulated. One could only wish for more publications on the same high level! December 2007 Dr H. Van der Werff Curator & Assistant Director of Research Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA – Volume 3 (2007) – Volume Produced with the fi nancial support of the Directorate General for Development Cooperation Volume 3 (2007) 0885-07_ABC-TAXA3_Cover.indd 1 28-02-2008 14:40:08
    [Show full text]
  • Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation
    Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation Oswaldo Tellez1,*, Efisio Mattana2,*, Mauricio Diazgranados2, Nicola Kühn2, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo2, Rafael Lira1, Leobardo Montes-Leyva1, Isela Rodriguez1, Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz1, Michael Way2, Patricia Dávila1 and Tiziana Ulian2 1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico 2 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, RH17 6TN, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people's livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods. A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Vision Cracks the Leaf Code
    Computer vision cracks the leaf code Peter Wilfa,1, Shengping Zhangb,c,1, Sharat Chikkerurd, Stefan A. Littlea,e, Scott L. Wingf, and Thomas Serreb,1 aDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; bDepartment of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; cSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; dAzure Machine Learning, Microsoft, Cambridge, MA 02142; eLaboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and fDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 Edited by Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved February 1, 2016 (received for review December 14, 2015) Understanding the extremely variable, complex shape and venation species (15–19), and there is community interest in approaching this characters of angiosperm leaves is one of the most challenging problem through crowd-sourcing of images and machine-identifi- problems in botany. Machine learning offers opportunities to analyze cation contests (see www.imageclef.org). Nevertheless, very few large numbers of specimens, to discover novel leaf features of studies have made use of leaf venation (20, 21), and none has angiosperm clades that may have phylogenetic significance, and to attempted automated learning and classification above the species use those characters to classify unknowns. Previous computer vision level that may reveal characters with evolutionary significance. approaches have primarily focused on leaf identification at the species There is a developing literature on extraction and quantitative level. It remains an open question whether learning and classification analyses of whole-leaf venation networks (22–25).
    [Show full text]
  • Sinopse Taxonômica Da Família Lauraceae No Estado Do Rio De Janeiro, Brasil
    Acta bot. bras. 19(3): 563-572. 2005 Sinopse taxonômica da família Lauraceae no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Alexandre Quinet¹ Recebido em 13/07/2004. Aceito em 07/01/2005 RESUMO – (Sinopse taxonômica da família Lauraceae no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). O presente trabalho consiste de uma sinopse taxonômica dos gêneros da família Lauraceae no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Constatou-se a ocorrência de cerca de 109 espécies distribuídas em 16 gêneros: Aniba Aubl., Aiouea Aubl., Beilschmiedia Nees, Cassytha L., Cinnamomum Schaeff., Cryptocarya R. Br., Endlicheria Nees, Licaria Aubl., Mezilaurus Kuntze ex Taub., Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb., Ocotea Aubl., Persea Mill., Phyllostemonodaphne Kosterm., Pleurothyrium Nees, Rhodostemonodaphne Rohwer & Kubitzki e Urbanodendron Mez. Foi elaborada uma chave para identificação dos gêneros, fornecidos descrições e comentários sobre cada um deles, com distribuição geográfica, número de espécies no Brasil e no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, como também é disponibilizada uma lista preliminar das espécies ocorrentes no Estado. Palavras-chave: taxonomia, sinopse, Lauraceae, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil ABSTRACT – (Taxonomic synopsis of the family Lauraceae in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). The present work consists of a taxonomic synopsis of the genera of the family Lauraceae in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. It was verified the occurrence of about 109 species of 16 genera: Aniba Aubl., Aiouea Aubl., Beilschmiedia Nees, Cassytha L., Cinnamomum Schaeff., Cryptocarya R. Br., Endlicheria Nees, Licaria Aubl., Mezilaurus Kuntze ex Taub., Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb., Ocotea Aubl., Persea Mill., Phyllostemonodaphne Kosterm., Pleurothyrium Nees, Rhodostemonodaphne Rohwer & Kubitzki, Urbanodendron Mez. A key was elaborated for identification of genera, and also descriptions and comments on each one of them, with geographical distribution, number of species in Brazil and in the Rio de Janeiro State, and a preliminary list of the species that occur in the State.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae
    PHYLOGENY Andre'S. Chanderbali,2'3Henk van der AND HISTORICAL Werff,3 and Susanne S. Renner3 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LAURACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR GENOMES1 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among 122 species of Lauraceae representing 44 of the 55 currentlyrecognized genera are inferredfrom sequence variation in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The trnL-trnF,trnT-trnL, psbA-trnH, and rpll6 regions of cpDNA, and the 5' end of 26S rDNA resolved major lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rDNA resolved a large terminal lade. The phylogenetic estimate is used to assess morphology-based views of relationships and, with a temporal dimension added, to reconstructthe biogeographic historyof the family.Results suggest Lauraceae radiated when trans-Tethyeanmigration was relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on either Gondwanan or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan histories place in Cryptocaryeae, but a small group of South American genera, the Chlorocardium-Mezilauruls lade, represent a separate Gondwanan lineage. Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum may be the only extant representatives of the ancient Lauraceae flora docu- mented in Mid- to Late Cretaceous Laurasian strata. Remaining genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Laureae lade that radiated in Early Eocene Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera associate as the Persea group, and cupuliferous genera sort to Laureae of most classifications or Cinnamomeae sensu Kostermans. Laureae are Laurasian relicts in Asia. The Persea group
    [Show full text]
  • Endemic Angiosperm Lineages in Mexico: Hotspots for Conservation
    Acta Botanica Mexicana 100: 293-315 (2012) ENDEMIC ANGIOSPERM LINEAGES IN MEXICO: HOTSPOTS FOR CONSERVATION Victoria SoSa1,4 and J. arturo de-noVa2,3 1Instituto de Ecología A.C., Biología Evolutiva, Apdo. postal 63, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. 2Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Instituto de Investigación en Zonas Desérticas, Altair 200, 78377 San Luis Potosí, Mexico. 3Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Agronomía, km 14.5 carretera San Luis Potosí-Matehuala, 78321 San Luis Potosí, Mexico. 4Autor para la correspondencia: [email protected] ABSTRACT As a megadiverse country, Mexico harbors 4 to 8% of the flora of the world and of this, 51% is endemic. There is concern because several factors are impeding its conservation. In this paper, areas of endemism for the flowering plants of Mexico are identified to prioritize regions for conservation. To categorize zones for preservation, the approach followed takes biodiversity, weighted endemism and evolutionary history into account. Lineages of angiosperms, families, genera, and formal or informal groups within genera previously retrieved as monophyletic are selected to represent evolutionary history in equivalent spatial units. A database with 9416 entries based on specimens of species belonging to 259 monophyletic groups of angiosperms from Mexico was compiled, and their presence-absence recorded for every unit area. Species richness and weighted endemism index was calculated for each of these units. The results indicate that the majority of the regions with
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Identification of Cyclic Polyketides From
    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIC POLYKETIDES FROM ENDIANDRA KINGIANA GAMBLE (LAURACEAE), AS BCL-XL/BAK AND MCL-1/BID DUAL INHIBITORS, AND APPROACHES TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF KINGIANINS Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib, Yvan Six, Marc Litaudon, Khalijah Awang To cite this version: Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib, Yvan Six, Marc Litaudon, Khalijah Awang. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIC POLYKETIDES FROM ENDIANDRA KINGIANA GAMBLE (LAURACEAE), AS BCL-XL/BAK AND MCL-1/BID DUAL INHIBITORS, AND APPROACHES TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF KINGIANINS . Chemical Sciences. Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique; Laboratoires de Synthase Organique (LSO), 2015. English. tel-01260359 HAL Id: tel-01260359 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01260359 Submitted on 22 Jan 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIC POLYKETIDES FROM ENDIANDRA KINGIANA GAMBLE (LAURACEAE), AS BCL-XL/BAK AND MCL-1/BID DUAL INHIBITORS, AND APPROACHES TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF KINGIANINS MOHAMAD NURUL AZMI BIN MOHAMAD TAIB FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of Lauraceae from Espírito Santo, Brazil
    TWo NeW SPeCIeS oF LAuRACeAe FRoM eSPíRITo SANTo, BRAzIL PEDRO LUÍS RODRIGUES DE MORAES,1, 2 TAMIRIS BIANCA FERNANDES,3 IGOR HENRIQUE FREITAS AZEVEDO,4 AND TIAGO DOMINGOS MOUZINHO BARBOSA5 Abstract. Two new species from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest of Espírito Santo State, Licaria spiritusanctensis and Ocotea teresae, are described and illustrated. Their putative relationships within the respective genera are discussed. We also provide illustrations and comments on micromorphological and anatomical features of leaves of these new species, comparing them to those of congenerics and showing that they can be useful for recognition of different taxa. Keywords: leaf cuticle, leaf vascular bundle, Licaria, Ocotea, taxonomy In this study, two new species are described respectively published a synopsis of the genus, proposing its subdivision for Licaria Aubl. and Ocotea Aubl. The work is a by-product into smaller informal entities, which encompassed 29 groups of the treatment of the Lauraceae for the Flora of Espírito of species sharing morphological affinities, and 54 species Santo, Brazil. The descriptions and illustrations of the new treated singly. No subsequent monographic treatments of species are presented below, as well as a discussion on their these groups have been published, except for the study of possible relationships with congenerics. the Ocotea indecora (Schott) Mez group (Assis and Mello- Licaria is a Neotropical genus of about 65 species Silva, 2010). A synopsis of the Central American species was (Trofimov and Rohwer, 2018 [although 77 names are published by van der Werff (2002), but the South American currently in use by different authors]), distributed from species are still less well known (Moraes and van der Werff, southern Florida and Mexico to southern Brazil and Bolivia 2011; van der Werff, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Molecular Dating, and Floral Evolution of Magnoliidae (Angiospermae)
    UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE : SCIENCES DU VÉGÉTAL Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution DISCIPLINE : BIOLOGIE THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Soutenue le 11/04/2014 par Julien MASSONI Phylogeny, molecular dating, and floral evolution of Magnoliidae (Angiospermae) Composition du jury : Directeur de thèse : Hervé SAUQUET Maître de Conférences (Université Paris-Sud) Rapporteurs : Susanna MAGALLÓN Professeur (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Thomas HAEVERMANS Maître de Conférences (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Examinateurs : Catherine DAMERVAL Directeur de Recherche (CNRS, INRA) Michel LAURIN Directeur de Recherche (CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Florian JABBOUR Maître de Conférences (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Michael PIRIE Maître de Conférences (Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz) Membres invités : Hervé SAUQUET Maître de Conférences (Université Paris-Sud) Remerciements Je tiens tout particulièrement à remercier mon directeur de thèse et ami Hervé Sauquet pour son encadrement, sa gentillesse, sa franchise et la confiance qu’il m’a accordée. Cette relation a immanquablement contribuée à ma progression humaine et scientifique. La pratique d’une science sans frontière est la plus belle chose qu’il m’ait apportée. Ce fut enthousiasmant, très fructueux, et au-delà de mes espérances. Ce mode de travail sera le mien pour la suite de ma carrière. Je tiens également à remercier ma copine Anne-Louise dont le soutien immense a contribué à la réalisation de ce travail. Elle a vécu avec patience et attention les moments d’enthousiasmes et de doutes. Par la même occasion, je remercie ma fille qui a eu l’heureuse idée de ne pas naître avant la fin de la rédaction de ce manuscrit.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 General Natural products could be any biological molecule, but the term is usually reserved for secondary metabolites or small molecules produced by an organism.1 They are not strictly necessary for the survival of the organism but they could be for the basic machinery of the fundamental processes of life.2 Many phytochemicals have been used as medicines such as for cardiovascular drugs, reserpine and digitoxin which were isolated from Rauwolfia serpentine and Digitalis purpurea.3,4 The natural antimalarial drug, quinine from Cinchona species together with the synthetic drugs, chloroquine and antabrin are still widely used until today to treat malaria.5 Plants are of great importance to many local communities in Malaysia and Asia, either used as health supplements or for therapeutic purposes. Concoctions of several species in the form of jamu are consumed daily. Herbal medicine is now becoming more popular as alternative to western medicine and is now available in many forms. As a result, there has been rapid development of herbal industries utilizing locally available plants, either wild or introduced.6 Malaysian tropical forest is home to a large number of plants and considered to be one of the oldest and richest in the world. The rich Malaysian flora provides opportunities for the discovery of novel compounds, some of which could have useful bioactivities. The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known biological activities, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. Lauraceae plants are known to be prolific producers of many interesting alkaloids such as the rare proaporphine-tryptamine dimers; phoebegrandines A-B and (-)-phoebescortechiniine isolated from Phoebe grandis and Phoebe scortechinii, and bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids; oxoperakensimines A-C and 3, 4-dihydronorstephasubine isolated from Alseodaphne perakensis and Alseodaphne corneri 1 Chapter 1: Introduction respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins and Evolution of Cinnamon and Camphor: a Phylogenetic and Historical Biogeographical Analysis of the Cinnamomum Group (Lauraceae) Q
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 96 (2016) 33–44 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Origins and evolution of cinnamon and camphor: A phylogenetic and historical biogeographical analysis of the Cinnamomum group (Lauraceae) q Jian-Feng Huang a,h, Lang Li a, Henk van der Werff b, Hsi-Wen Li c, Jens G. Rohwer d, Darren M. Crayn e, ⇑ Hong-Hu Meng a,h, Marlien van der Merwe f, John G. Conran g, Jie Li a, a Plant Phylogenetics & Conservation Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China b Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA c Herbarium (KUN), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, PR China d Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany e Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia f National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia g Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity & Sprigg Geobiology Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia h University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China article info abstract Article history: Tropical and subtropical amphi-Pacific disjunction is among the most fascinating distribution patterns, Received 7 October 2015 but received little attention. Here we use the fossil-rich Cinnamomum group, a primarily tropical and sub- Revised 4 December 2015 tropical Asian lineage with some species distributed in Neotropics, Australasia and Africa to shed light Accepted 11 December 2015 upon this disjunction pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Lauraceae) Lato Sensu E Restabelecimento De Clinostemon Kuhlm
    Flávio Macêdo Alves Estudo Taxonômico e Filogenético de Mezilaurus Taub. (Lauraceae) lato sensu e Restabelecimento de Clinostemon Kuhlm. & A. Samp. São Paulo 2011 Flávio Macêdo Alves Estudo Taxonômico e Filogenético de Mezilaurus Taub. (Lauraceae) lato sensu e Restabelecimento de Clinostemon Kuhlm. & A. Samp. Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Ciências, na área de Botânica. Orientador: Dr. Vinícius Castro Souza São Paulo 2011 Ficha Catalográfica Alves, Flávio Macêdo Estudo Taxonômico e Filogenético de Mezilaurus Taub. (Lauraceae) lato sensu com Restabelecimento de Clinostemon Kuhlm. & A. Samp. 234p. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica 1. Lauraceae, 2. Mezilaurus, 3. Sistemática, 4. Taxonomia Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Comissão Julgadora Prof (a). Dr. (a). Prof (a). Dr. (a). Prof (a). Dr. (a). Prof (a). Dr. (a). Prof. Dr. Vinícius Castro Souza Orientador Agradecimentos Agradeço a DEUS, pois sinto Ele sempre ao meu lado, Ao meu orientador Dr. Vinícius Castro Souza por acreditar em mim e por fazer parte da minha formação, Ao CNPq pela bolsa de Doutorado no Brasil (141913/2007–0) e Doutorado Sandwich na Inglaterra (201587/2009–2), Ao programa de pós-graduação em Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo e seus professores pela minha formação, Ao Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) por me permitir visitar a coleção e servir como base para a visita aos outros herbários europeus, À Dra. Daniela Zappi por me receber tão bem no Kew e abrir as portas da instituição para mim, À Dra.
    [Show full text]