Using Hypermedia to Enrich the Learning Experience of College Students in a Music Appreciation Course

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Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USING HYPERMEDIA TO ENRICH THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN A MUSIC APPRECIATION COURSE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Henry Edgar Duitman, B.M.E., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1993 Dissertation Committee: Approved by A. Peter Costanza Judith K. Delzell Adviser Ann Blombach School of Music Copyright by Henry E. Duitman 1993 To my mother, Ethel Duitman and to my father, Hubert Duitman. They continue to teach me all of the important lessons. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express sincere and deep appreciation to the following persons: Dr. A. Peter Costanza, advisor, for his patience and wise guidance during this project and throughout my doctoral studies. Dr. Judith K. Delzell, for the inspiration she provides to all music educators who have the good fortune of studying with her. Dr. Ann Blombach, for her interest in and supervision of my music technology projects. Professor Marshall Haddock for his model of intense musical integrity. Professor Craig Kirchhoff for his model of conducting excellence. Steve Naber for his understanding and guidance on the statistical portion of this study. Dr. John Van Rys for his helpful editorial comments on the manuscript. Dr. Karen DeMol for her direct and indirect support throughout the project. My wife Lisa, my daughter Elayna, and my daughter Jennifer for their encouragement, support, and love throughout my graduate studies. They fill every day of my life with joy. ui VITA October 2, 1952 ..................................................Bom-Fond du Lac, Wisconsin 1974 .........................................................................B.M.E., The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 1974-1985 ..............................................................Instrumental Music Director, Bradenton Christian School, Bradenton, Florida 1979 ..........................................................................M.A. in Music Education, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 1985-presen t .......................................................... Associate Professor of Music, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa 1986-presen t .......................................................... Music Director and Conductor, The Sioux County Orchestra 1990-presen t.......................................................... Founder and President, MuDiSoft, a software company for music educators 1991-9 2................................................................... Graduate Administrative Associate, School of Music, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music Studies in Music Education: Professors A. Peter Costanza, Judith K. Delzell, Jere Forsythe Studies in Wind Conducting and Literature: Professors Harvey Benstein, Richard Blatti, Craig Kirchhoff Studies in String and Orchestral Conducting and Literature: Professors Robert Gillespie, Marshall Haddock iv Studies in Music and Technology: Professors Ann Blombach, Robert Carpenter Studies in Trumpet Performance and Brass Literature: Professor Richard Burkart TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................... üi V ITA ....................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................... x CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 1 Need for the Study .......................................................................... 2 Statement of the Problem .............................................................. 4 Purpose of the Study ...................................................................... 5 Q uestions .............................................................................................. 5 H ypotheses........................................................................................... 6 Definitions ........................................................................................... 7 Limitations ........................................................................................... 10 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE................................................. 11 Strengths and Weaknesses of Hypermedia ..................................... 11 Use of Hypermedia in Education ................................................... 13 Use of Hypermedia in Music Education ......................................... 16 III. METHOD.............................................................................................. 20 B ackground ........................................................................................... 20 Development of an Instructional Strategy Which Utilizes Hypermedia in a Music Appreciation Course .................................................... 22 D esign .................................................................................................... 25 Subjects ................................................................................................. 26 Development of Subcourse Materials ............................................ 27 Development of Primary Measurement Instruments ........................ 30 Validation and Pilot-testing ............................................................. 31 Equipm ent ............................................................................................ 36 Procedures ............................................................................................ 37 vi rV. PRESENTATION OF THE DATA................................................ 41 Statistical Methodology .................................................................... 42 Random Assignment of Subjects .................................................... 42 Test of General Musical Knowledge .............................................. 44 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50 Introduction ........................................................................................... 50 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................... 51 Research Design ................................................................................ 52 Hypotheses for the Study................................................................ 52 Methodology .......................................................................................... 53 Results and Discussion ..................................................................... 55 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 58 Recommendations for Further Research ........................................... 60 Implications ........................................................................................... 61 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 62 APPENDIXES A. Examiner Trial, Preface ...................................................................... 66 B. Examiner Trial, Interview Transcript ................................................ 69 C. Complete GEN 200 Music Subcourse Schedule ............................... 94 D. GEN 200 Syllabus.............................................................................

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