Appendix a Species Known Or Suspected

APPENDIX A: SPECIES KNOWN OR SUSPECTED ON THE REFUGE, INCLUDING SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN

Baltimore oriole: ©Les Brooks

.Birds of Conservation Concern for Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge

.Species List for Rappahannock River Valley Area

.Conservation List and Agency, Tier Categories, and Deﬁ nition Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern HABITAT TYPE (in project area) Wetland Forests 3 ** Deciduous Forest List AudubonWatch AudubonWatch 2 High Wetland Mixed Forest, Wooded High Riparian 2007 Highest X Shrub, Successional BCR 30 Moderate Mixed Forest Moderate Shrubby Wetland 1 2005 State Tier IITier Moderate X Deciduous Forest Tier IITier IITier Moderate Highest IITier ** Moderate X ** Emergent Wetland Open water Riparian WAP Tier IIITier Wooded Tier IIITier IIITier Open Vegetated X Open Water Tier IVTier High ** IVTier High IV Coniferous Forest Tier Moderate IVTier X High IVTier Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Mixed Forest Mixed, Coniferous, & Deciduous Tier IVTier High X IVTier Moderate Mixed Forest Coniferous Forest Tier IVTier Highest X Deciduous Forest Dendroica fusca Mniotiltia varia Nycticorax nycticorax Toxostoma rufrum Sitta pusilla Dendroica cerulean Chaetura Pelagica Caprimulgus Carolinensis Tyto alba Tyto Catharus bicknelli Coccyzus erythropthalmus Sitta pusilla pinus Vermivora Circus cyaneus Buteo platypterus Melospiza georgiana nigrescens Botaurus lentiginosus Anas rubripes Scolopax minor Haliaeetus leucocephalus Icterus galbula SPECIES & LOCAL STATUSSPECIES & LOCAL SCIENTIFIC NAME Blackburnian Warbler (M) Blackburnian Warbler (B, M) Black and White Warbler Black-crowned Night-Heron (B, M) Thrasher (B, M, W) Brown Brown-headed Nuthatch (M)Canada Warbler (M) Cerulean Warbler Chimney Swift (B, M) Widow (B, M) Chuck-Will’s Moderate X Mixed Forest, Shrub Successional Barn Owl (B, W) Thrush Bicknell’s (M) Black-billed Cuckoo (B, M) Brown-headed Nuthatch (M) Blue-winged Warbler Brant (W) Broad-winged Hawk (M) Coastal Plain Swamp Sparrow (B, M) American Bittern (B?, M) American Black Duck (B?, M, W) (B, M, W) American Woodcock Bald Eagle (B, M, W) Baltimore Oriole (B?, M) Table A.1. Birds of Conservation Concern for Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge National Wildlife A.1. Birds of Conservation Concern for Rappahannock River Valley Table Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-1 Appendix A HABITAT TYPE (in project area) Wetland Deciduous Forests Forest Open 3 X Open Grassland, Vegetated List AudubonWatch AudubonWatch 2 High Emergent Wetland High Mixed Forest High ** Deciduous Forest, Mixed Forest 2007 BCR 30 Moderate Open, Beach Moderate Emergent Wetland Moderate Emergent Wetland 1 2005 State Tier IITier Moderate Emergent Wetland WAP Tier IIITier Moderate Emergent Wetland Tier IIITier Open Vegetated Emergent Wetland, Tier IIITier Moderate Barren Emergent Wetland, Tier IVTier IVTier High ** X Emergent Wetland, Wooded Mixed, Coniferous & Tier IVTier High Open Water IVTier Wetland Mixed Forest, Wooded Tier IVTier IVTier IVTier IVTier High High Moderate IVTier Moderate ** ** Open Scrub, Vegetated Open Open Vegetated Vegetated Wetland, Wooded Emergent Wetland Shrub, Vegetated Wetland, Wooded IVTier IVTier High High IVTier High ** Mixed & Deciduous Forests Emergent Wetland Open Vegetated Tier IVTier IVTier High IVTier High ** Open Shrub, Vegetated Open Vegetated Mixed, Coniferous & Deciduous avipes ﬂ Butorides striatus Oporomis formosus Charadrius vociferus Aythya marila Aythya melanleuca Tringa Rallus elegans Ixobrychus exilis Tringa Parula americana Contopus virens Spizella pusilla Sterna forsteri Ammodramus savannanum Dumetella carolinensis Myiarchus crinitus Seiurus motacilla Cistothorus palustris Colinus virginianus Circus cyaneus Colaptes auratus Gallinago gallinago Sterna hirundo Spiza americana tyranus Tyranus Sternella Magna Pipilo erythrophthalmus SPECIES & LOCAL STATUSSPECIES & LOCAL SCIENTIFIC NAME Green Heron (B, M, W?) (B, M) Kentucky Warbler Killdeer (B, M, W) Greater Scaup (W) (B, M, W) Yellowlegs Greater King Rail (B, M) Least Bittern (B, M) (B?, M) Yellowlegs Lesser Northern Parula (B, M) Eastern Wood-Peewee (B, M) Eastern Wood-Peewee Field Sparrow (B, M, W) (M) Forster’s Tern Grasshopper Sparrow (B, M) Gray Catbird (B, M, W) Great-crested Flycatcher (B, M) (B, M) Louisiana Waterthrush (B, M, W) Marsh Wren Northern Bobwhite (B, W) Northern Harrier (M, W) Northern Flicker (B, W) Common Snipe (M, W) (M) Common Tern Dickcissel (B, M) Eastern Kingbird (B, M) Eastern Meadowlark (B, M, W) (B, M, W) Towhee Eastern

A-2 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern HABITAT TYPE (in project area) Deciduous Forests Forests Forests Wetland Forests, Wooded Deciduous Forests Wetland Vegetated Open Vegetated Open Vegetated Open, Mixed & Deciduous Forests & Deciduous Forests Open, Mixed & Deciduous Forests 3 List AudubonWatch AudubonWatch 2 High Emergent wetland, Riparian Beach 2007 BCR 30 Moderate X ** Mixed, Coniferous, & Deciduous Moderate Riparian/Beach Moderate X Grassland, 1 2005 Tier ITier Mixed, Coniferous & Deciduous State Tier IITier Moderate Open Water Tier IITier Moderate X Deciduous Forests WAP Tier IIITier IIITier Open water Moderate Shrubby Emergent Wetland, Tier IVTier IVTier Highest High IVTier X IVTier X Mixed, Coniferous & Deciduous IVTier High IVTier High Wetland Wooded Highest X ** X Mixed Forest Open Vegetated Wetland, Wooded Mixed & Wetland, Wooded Emergent Wetland Tier IVTier IVTier Open Vegetated Mixed, Coniferous & Tier IVTier IVTier Moderate Mixed & Deciduous Forests, Emergent Wetland Tier IVTier IVTier Moderate IVTier Highest IVTier High X X Deciduous Forest Wetland, Wooded X Shrub, Vegetated Wetland, Wooded Mixed, Coniferous Wetland, Wooded Shrub, Vegetated Wetland, Wooded ammeus ﬂ Falco peregrinus Dendroica discolor Protonotaria citrea americana Aythya Melanerpes eurythrocephalus Pheuctitus ludovicianus Sterna maxima Euphagus carolinus Piranga olivacea Ammodramus maritimus Cistothorus platensis Asio Stelgidopteryx serripennis Seiurus aurocapillus Actitus macularius Limnothylpis swainsonii Rallus limicola Caprimulgus vociferous Tringa solitaria Tringa Empidonax traillii Hylocichla mustelina Helmitheros vermivorus Coccyzus americanus SPECIES & LOCAL STATUSSPECIES & LOCAL SCIENTIFIC NAME Peregrine Falcon (B, M) (B, M) Prairie Warbler Prothonotary warbler (B, M) Redhead (W) (B, M, W) Red-headed Woodpecker Rose-breasted Grosbeak (M) (summer) Royal Tern Rusty Blackbird (M, W) (B, M) Tanager Scarlet Seaside Sparrow (B, M) (M) Sedge Wren Short-eared Owl (M, W) Northern Rough-winged Swallow (B, M) Ovenbird (B, M) Spotted Sandpiper (B, M) (M) Warbler Swainson’s Rail (B, M) Virginia Whip-Poor-Will (B, M) Solitary Sandpiper (B, M) Willow Flycatcher (B, M) Thrush (B, M) Wood (B, M) Warbler Worm-eating Cuckoo (B, M) Yellow-billed

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-3 Appendix A d/ ond, ond,

t 40 years. Non-breeding OR HABITAT TYPE (in project area) Forests, Shrub, Vegetated Open Forests, Shrub, Vegetated Deciduous Forests Sub-species of Regional Importance OR 3 List AudubonWatch AudubonWatch 2 2007 BCR 30 High BCR Concern and Low BCR Responsibility Regionally 1 High BCR Concern and Moderate BCR Responsibility OR OR 2005 State WAP Tier IVTier IVTier High ** Coniferous & Wetland, Wooded Mixed & Deciduous Forest Tier IVTier Mixed, Coniferous & Deciduous avifrons fl High BCR Responsibility and Low Concern Vireo Vireo Dendroica petechia Icteria virens OR nitions: Highest = High BCR Concern and High BCR Responsibility (High or Moderate Continental Concern); nitions: Tier I = critical conservation need; Tier II = very high conservation need; Tier III = high conservation need; SPECIES & LOCAL STATUSSPECIES & LOCAL SCIENTIFIC NAME High Continental Concern and Low BCR Responsibility Moderate BCR Concern and High BCR Responsibility Yellow-throated Vireo (B, M) Vireo Yellow-throated (B, M) Warbler Yellow Yellow-Breasted Chat (B, M) Yellow-Breasted State WAP Defi State WAP BCR 30 2007 Defi List; and the Audubon State of Birds Report list comes from two sources: The 2002 Audubon Watch for The Audubon Watch High Continental Concern species whose primary area of spring or fall migration overlaps the BCR ; Moderate = Concern and Moderate BCR responsibility OR Threatened Species (PIF Tier IIC) Sources for the Conservation List Used for This Table: (Wildlife Action Plan) of Virginia Department WAP of Game and Inland Fisheries. 2005. Virginia’s1. State of VA Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (from Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Richm Need in Virginia’s Coastal Plain) VDGIF, VA; Accessed August 17, 2007. List. http://www.audubon2.org/watchlist/viewWatchlist.jsp. 2. The 2002 Audubon Watch on the BBS or CBC. http://stateofthebirds.audubon.org/cbi3. All Common Virginia Birds Declining Greater than 50% over 40 Years 4. Steinkamp, M. 2007. BCR 30 Plan. Conservation (June 18 draft). priority categories for bird species in BCR 30. ACGV. Tier IV = moderate conservation need list column: Virginia. In the Audubon Watch List “X” represents a bird species on The 2002 Audubon Watch “**” represents a bird species that breeds or likely breeds in the project area and are declining at ≥70% per year over the pas High = Continental Concern and Moderate BCR Responsibility OR **Note: See Table A-3 for further**Note: See Table details on ranking criteria for State and Federal plans 1 2 3 A-4 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

Table A.2. Species List for Rappahannock River Valley Area

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ PART 1: BIRDS LOONS Common Loon Gavia immer Yes Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata Yes GREBES Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus Tier IV Yes Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps No Yes PELICANS Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis SSC

CORMORANTS Double-crested Phalacrocorax auritus No Yes Cormorant HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus Tier IIYes Yes Black-crowned Nycticorax nycticorax Tier III Yes Night-heron Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis No Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Yes Yes herodias Great Egret Ardea alba egretta SSC No Yes Green Heron Butorides virescens Tier IVNo Yes Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis exilis Tier IIINo Yes Yellow-crowned Nyctanassa violacea SSC Tier II No Yes Night-heron violacea DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS

American Black Anas rubripes Tier IINo Yes Duck American Goldfi nch Carduelis tristis No Yes American Wigeon Anas americana No Yes Blue-winged Teal Anas discors orphan No Yes Buffl ehead Bucephala albeola No Yes Canada Goose Branta canadensis No Yes Canvasback Aythya valisineria No Yes Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula No Yes americana Common Merganser Mergus merganser No Yes americanus Gadwall Anas strepera No Yes Greater Scaup Aythya marila Tier IVNo Yes Green-winged Teal Anas crecca No Yes carolinensis Hooded Merganser Lophotydes cucullatu Yes Lesser Scaup Aythya affi nis No Yes

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-5 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis No Yes Mallard Anas platyrhynchos No Yes Mute Swan Cygnus olor Yes Northern Pintail Anas acuta acuta No Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Yes Red-Breasted Mergus serrator No Yes Merganser serrator Redhead Aythya americana Tier IIINo Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Yes Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis No Yes Snow Goose Chen caerulescens No Yes Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus No Yes columbianus Wood Duck Aix sponsa No Yes RAPTORS American Kestrel Falco sparverius No Yes sparverius Bald Eagle Haliaeetus ST Tier II Yes Yes leucocephalus Black Vulture Coragyps atratus No Yes Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus No Yes Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii No Yes Merlin Falco columbarius Yes Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus SSC Tier III No Yes Osprey Pandion haliaetus Yes Yes carolinensis Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Yes Red-shouldered Buteo lineatus lineatus No Yes Hawk Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis No Yes Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus johannis No Yes Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus velox No Yes Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura No Yes TURKEY AND QUAIL Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus Tier IVNo Yes Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo No Yes silvestris RAILS AND COOTS American Coot Fulica americana No Yes Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis SOC Tier I No Yes Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris Tier IV Poss Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus SSC No Yes cachinnans King Rail Rallus elegans Tier IINo Yes Sora Rail Porzana carolina Yes Virginia Rail Rallus limicola Tier IVNo Yes

A-6 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ SHOREBIRDS American Woodcock Scolopax minor Tier IVNo Yes Dunlin Calidris alpina Tier IV Yes Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Yes Killdeer Charadrius vociferus No Yes Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla Ye s Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa ﬂ avipes Yes Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos Semipalmated Charadrius Yes Plover semipalmatus Short-billed Limnodromus griseus Tier IVNo Dowitcher Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria Yes Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia No Yes Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantipus Yes Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda ST No Wilson’s (Common) Gallinago delictata No Yes Snipe GULLS AND TERNS Black Tern Chlidonias niger Yes Bonaparte’s Gull Larus philadelphia Yes Caspian Tern Sterna caspia SSC No Yes Common Tern Sterna hirundo Tier III Yes Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri SSC Tier IV No Yes Great Black-backed Larus marinus No Yes Gull Herring Gull Larus argentatus No Yes Laughing Gull Larus atricilla No Yes Least Tern Sterna antillarum SSC Tier II No Yes Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis No Yes Royal Tern Sterna maxima maxima Tier IINo Yes

PIGEONS AND DOVES Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura No Yes carolinensis Rock Pigeon Columba livia No Yes CUCKOOS Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus No Yes erythropthalmus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Tier IVNo Yes

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-7 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ OWLS Barn Owl Tyto alba pratincola SSC Tier III No Yes Barred Owl Strix varia No Yes Eastern Screech Megascops asio No Yes Owl Great-horned Owl Bubo virginianus No Yes Long-eared Owl Asio otus SSC Yes Short-eared Owl Asio ﬂ ammeus No Yes

NIGHTHAWKS AND NIGHTJARS Chuck-will’s-widow Caprimulgus Tier IVNo Yes carolinensis Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor No Yes Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus Tier IVNo Yes SWIFTS Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Tier IVNo Yes HUMMINGBIRDS Ruby-throated Archilochus colubris No Yes Hummingbird KINGFISHERS Belted Kingﬁ sher Ceryle alcyon No Yes WOODPECKERS Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens No Yes medianus Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus No Yes Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus No Yes Pilieated Dryocopus pileatus No Yes Woodpecker Red-bellied Melanerpes carolinus No Yes Woodpecker Red-headed Melanerpes No Yes Woodpecker erythrocephalus Yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius No Yes Sapsucker FLYCATCHERS Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens No Yes Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Tier IVNo Yes Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe No Yes Eastern Wood Contopus virens Tier IVNo Yes Pewee Great-crested Myiarchus crinitus No Yes Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus Yes Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii Tier IV Yes Yellow-bellied Empidonax ﬂ aviventris SSC Yes Flycatcher

A-8 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ VIREOS Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius Yes Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus No Yes Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus Yes White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus No Yes Yellow-throated Vireo ﬂ avifrons Tier IVNo Yes Vireo CROWS AND JAYS American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos No Yes Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata No Yes Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula No Yes Fish Crow Corvus ossifragus No Yes LARKS Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris No Yes SWALLOWS AND MARTINS Bank Swallow Riparia riparia No Yes Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica No Yes Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon Yes pyrrhonota Northern Rough- Stelgidopteryx Tier IVNo Yes Winged Swallow serripennis Purple Martin Progne subis No Yes Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor No Yes CHICKADEES AND TITMICE Carolina Chickadee Poecile carolinensis No Yes Eastern Tufted Baeolophus bicolor No Yes Titmouse NUTHATCHES Brown-headed Sitta pusilla Tier IVNo Yes Nuthatch Red-breasted Sitta canadensis SSC No Yes Nuthatch White-breasted Sitta carolinensis No Yes Nuthatch CREEPERS Brown Creeper Certhia americana SSC No Yes WRENS Carolina Wren Thryothorus No Yes ludovicianus House Wren Troglodytes aedon No Yes Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris Tier IVNo Yes Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis SSC Tier III No Yes Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes SSC No Yes

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-9 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ KINGLETS Golden-crowned Regulus satrapa SSC No Yes Kinglet Ruby-crowned Regulus calendula No Yes Kinglet GNATCATCHERS Blue-gray Polioptila caerulea No Yes Gnatcatcher THRUSHES American Robin Turdus migratorius No Yes Bicknell’s Thrush Catharus bicknelli Tier IV Yes Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis No Yes Gray-cheeked Catharus minimus Yes Thrush Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus SSC No Yes Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus Yes Veery Catharus fuscescens Yes Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Tier IVNo Yes MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum Tier IVNo Yes Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Tier IVNo Yes Northern Mimus polyglottos No Yes Mockingbird STARLINGS European Starling Sturnus vulgaris No Yes PIPITS American Pitpit Anthus rubescens No Yes WAXWINGS Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum No Yes WARBLERS American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla No Yes Bay-breasted Dendroica castanea Yes Warbler Black-and-White Mniotilta varia No Yes Warbler Blackburnian Dendroica fusca Yes Warbler Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata No Yes Black-throated Blue Dendroica caerulescens No Yes Warbler Black-throated Dendroica virens No Yes Green Warbler Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus No Yes Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis No Yes

A-10 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina Yes Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea SOC Tier II No Yes Chestnut-sided Dendroica pensylvanica No Yes Warbler Common Geothlypis trichas No Yes Yellowthroat Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina No Yes Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus Tier IVNo Yes Louisiana Seiurus motacilla No Yes Waterthrush Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia SSC No Yes Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia SSC Yes Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruﬁ capilla No Yes Northern Seiurus noveboracensis No Yes Waterthrush Northern Parula Parula americana Tier IVNo Yes Olive Warbler Peucedramus taeniatus Yes Orange-crowned Vermivora celata Yes Warbler Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla Tier IVNo Yes Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum No Yes Pine Warbler Dendroica pinus No Yes Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor Tier IVNo Yes Prothonotary Protonotaria citrea Tier IVNo Yes Warbler Swainson’s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii SSC Tier II Yes Worm-eating Helmitheros vermivorus Tier IVNo Yes Warbler Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia Tier IVNo Yes Yellow-breasted Icteria virens virens Tier IVNo Yes Chat Yellow-rumped Dendroica coronata No Yes Warbler cornata Yellow-throated Dendroica dominica No Yes Warbler TANAGERS Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea Tier IVNo Yes Summer Tanager Piranga rubra No Yes NEW WORLD SPARROWS American Tree Spizella arborea Yes Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina No Yes Clay-colored Spizella pallida Yes Sparrow Coastal Plain Melospiza georgiana Yes Swamp Sparrow nigrescens Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis No Yes

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-11 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Tier IVNo Yes Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla Tier IVNo Yes Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca No Yes Grasshopper Ammodramus Tier IVNo Yes Sparrow savannarum pratensis LeConte’s Sparrow Ammodramus leconteii Yes Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Yes Savannah Sparrow Passerculus No Yes sandwichensis Seaside Sparrow Ammodramus Tier IVNo Yes maritimus Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia No Yes Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana No Yes Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus No Yes White-crowned Zonotrichia leucophrys No Yes Sparrow White-throated Zonotrichia albicollis No Yes Sparrow CARDINALS AND ALLIES Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea No Yes caerulea Dickcissel Spiza americana SSC No Yes Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea No Yes Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis No Yes Rose-breasted Pheucticus ludovicianus Tier IV Yes Grosbeak BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, AND ALLIES Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula No Yes Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus Yes Brown-headed Molothrus ater No Yes Cowbird Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna Tier IVNo Yes Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius No Yes Red-winged Agelaius phoeniceus No Yes Blackbird Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus Tier IV Yes FINCHES AND ALLIES Common Redpoll Carduelis ﬂ ammea Yes House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus No Yes Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus SSC No Yes White-winged Loxia leucoptera No Crossbill OLD WORLD SPARROWS House Sparrow Passer domesticus No Yes

A-12 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ PART 2: MAMMALS Bat, big brown Eptesicus fuscus fuscus No Bat, eastern red Lasiurus borealis No borealis Bat, evening Nycticeius humeralis No humeralis Bat, hoary Lasiurus cinereus No cinereus Bat, little brown Myotis lucifugus No lucifugus Bat, silver-haired Lasionycteris No noctivagans Beaver, American Castor canadensis No Yes Bobcat Lynx rufus rufus No Yes Chipmunk, Fisher’s Tamias striatus fi sheri No eastern Cottontail, eastern Sylvilagus fl oridanus No Yes mallurus Coyote Canis latrans No Deer, white-tailed Odocoileus virginianus No Yes Fox, common gray Urocyon No Yes cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus Fox, red Vulpes vulpes fulva No Yes Mink, common Mustela vison mink No Yes Mole, eastern Scalopus aquaticus No Yes aquaticus Mole, star-nosed Condylura cristata No Yes cristata Mouse, eastern Reithrodontomys No harvest humulis virginianus Mouse, house Mus musculus No Yes musculus Mouse, meadow Zapus hudsonius No jumping americanus Mouse, northern Peromyscus leucopus No Yes white-footed noveboracensis Muskrat, large- Ondatra zibethicus No Yes toothed macrodon Myotis, northern Myotis septentrionalis No septentrionalis Opossum, Virginia Didelphis virginiana No Yes virginiana Otter, northern river Lontra canadensis SSC No Yes lataxina Pipistrelle, eastern Pipistrellus subfl avus No subfl avus Raccoon Procyon lotor lotor No Yes

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-13 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Rat, marsh rice Oryzomys palustris No palustris Rat, Norway Rattus norvegicus No norvegicus Shrew, Kirtland’s Blarina brevicauda No short-tailed kirtlandi Shrew, least Cryptotis parva parva No Yes Shrew, pygmy Sorex hoyi winnemana No Shrew, southeastern Sorex longirostris No longirostris Shrew, southern Blarina carolinensis No Yes short-tailed carolinensis Skunk, striped Mephitis mephitis nigra No Yes Skunk, striped Mephitis mephitis No mephitis Squirrel, northern Sciurus carolinensis No Yes gray pennsylvanicus Squirrel, southern Glaucomys volans No Yes ﬂ ying volans Squirrel, talkative Tamiasciurus No red hudsonicus loquax Vole, dark meadow Microtus No pennsylvanicus nigrans Vole, meadow Microtus No Yes pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus Vole, pine Microtus pinetorum No scalopsoides Weasel, long-tailed Mustela frenata No noveboracensis Woodchuck Marmota monax monax No Yes PART 3: AMPHIBIANS Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana No Yes Frog, Brimley’s Pseudacris brimleyi No chorus Frog, southern Acris crepitans No Yes cricket crepitans Frog, northern green Rana clamitans No Yes melanota Frog, pickerel Rana palustris No Yes Frog, southern Rana sphenocephala No Yes leopard Frog, upland chorus Pseudacris feriarum No Yes feriarum Frog, wood Rana sylvatica No Yes Newt, red-spotted Notophthalmus No Yes viridescens viridescens Peeper, northern Pseudacris crucifer No Yes spring crucifer A-14 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Salamander, eastern Pseudotriton montanus Tier IVNo mud montanus Salamander, four- Hemidactylium No toed scutatum Salamander, Ambystoma opacum No Yes marbled Salamander, Desmognathus fuscus No northern dusky Salamander, Pseudotriton ruber No northern red ruber Salamander, Plethodon cinereus No Yes northern red-backed Salamander, Eurycea cirrigera No Yes southern two-lined Salamander, spotted Ambystoma maculatum No Yes Salamander, three- Eurycea guttolineata No lined Salamander, white- Plethodon cylindraceus No Yes spotted slimy Siren, greater Siren lacertina Tier IVNo Spadefoot, eastern Scaphiopus holbrooki Tier IVNo Toad, American Bufo americanus No Yes Toad, eastern Gastrophryne No narrow-mouthed carolinensis Toad, Fowler’s Bufo fowleri No Yes Treefrog, Cope’s Hyla chrysoscelis No Yes gray Treefrog, green Hyla cinerea No Yes PART 4: REPTILES Brownsnake, Storeria dekayi dekayi No northern Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix No Yes northern mokasen Cornsnake, red Elaphe guttata No Earthsnake, eastern Virginia valeriae No smooth valeriae Gartersnake, Thamnophis sirtalis No Yes eastern sirtalis Greensnake, Opheodrys aestivus No Yes northern rough aestivus Kingsnake, eastern Lampropeltis getula No Yes getula Kingsnake, mole Lampropeltis calligaster No rhombomaculata Lizard, eastern fence Sceloporus undulatus No Yes Milksnake, eastern Lampropeltis triangulum No triangulum

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-15 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Racer, northern Coluber constrictor No Yes black constrictor Racerunner, six- Cnemidophorus No lined sexlineatus sexlineatus Ratsnake, black Elaphe obsoleta No Yes obsoleta Ribbonsnake, Thamnophis sauritus Tier IVNo Yes common sauritus Scarletsnake, Cemophora coccinea Tier IVNo northern copei Skink, broadhead Eumeces laticeps No Skink, ﬁ ve-lined Eumeces fasciatus No Yes Skink, little brown Scincella lateralis No Skink, southeastern Eumeces inexpectatus No ﬁ ve-lined Snake, common Farancia erytrogramma No Yes rainbow erytrogramma Snake, eastern hog- Heterodon platirhinos Tier IVNo Yes nosed Snake, northern red- Storeria No bellied occipitomaculata occipitomaculata Snake, northern Diadophis punctatus No Yes ring-necked edwardsii Turtle, Stinkpot Sternotherus odoratus No Yes (Musk) Cooter, northern red- Pseudemys rubriventris No Yes bellied rubriventris Turtle, eastern box Terrapene carolina Tier IIINo Yes carolina Turtle, eastern mud Kinosternon subrubrum No Yes subrubrum Turtle, eastern Chrysemys picta picta No Yes painted Turtle, eastern Chelydra serpentina No Yes snapping serpentina Turtle, spotted Clemmys guttata Tier IIINo Yes Turtle, striped mud Kinosternon baurii No Watersnake, Nerodia sipedon No Yes northern sipedon Wormsnake, eastern Carphophis amoenus No Yes amoenus PART 5: FISH Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus Tier IVYes Yes Bass, largemouth Micropterus salmoides Yes Yes Bass, smallmouth Micropterus dolomieu No Bass, striped Morone saxatilis No Yes Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus No Yes

A-16 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Bowfi n Amia calva Yes Yes Bullhead, brown Ameiurus nebulosus Yes Yes Bullhead, yellow Ameiurus natalis No Yes Carp, common Cyprinus carpio Yes Yes Catfi sh, blue Ictalurus furcatus Yes Yes Catfi sh, channel Ictalurus punctatus Yes Yes Catfi sh, white Ameiurus catus Yes Chubsucker, creek Erimyzon oblongus Yes Yes Crappie, black Pomoxis No nigromaculatus Dace, blacknose Rhinichthys atratulus No Darter, tessellated Etheostoma olmstedi Yes Yes Eel, American Anguilla rostrata Tier IVYes Yes Fallfi sh Semotilus corporalis No Gar, longnose Lepisosteus osseus Yes Yes Herring, blueback Alosa aestivalis Yes Yes Killifi sh, banded Fundulus diaphanus Yes Lamprey, Least Lampetra aepyptera Tier IV Yes Brook Madtom, spotted- Noturus insignis ssp. 1 SOC No Yes margin Madtom, tadpole Noturus gyrinus No Yes Minnow, eastern Hybognathus regius Yes Yes silvery Mosquitofi sh, Gambusia holbrooki No Yes eastern Mudminnow, eastern Umbra pygmaea No Yes Perch, pirate Aphredoderus sayanus No Yes sayanus Perch, white Morone americana Yes Yes Perch, yellow Perca fl avescens Yes Yes Pickerel, chain Esox niger Yes Yes Pickerel, redfi n Esox americanus No Yes americanus Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus Yes Yes Shad, American Alosa sapidissima Tier IVYes Yes Shad, gizzard Dorosoma cepedianum Yes Yes Shad, hickory Alosa mediocris No Shiner, common Luxilus cornutus No Shiner, golden Notemigonus Yes Yes crysoleucas Shiner, ironcolor Notropis chalybaeus Tier IVNo Shiner, satinfi n Cyprinella analostana No Yes Shiner, spottail Notropis hudsonius No Shiner, swallowtail Notropis procne No Yes Silverside, inland Menidia beryllina Yes Sturgeon, Atlantic Acipenser oxyrhynchus SOC, SSC Tier II No Yes Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum FE, SE Tier I Yes

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-17 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Sunfi sh, bluespotted Enneacanthus gloriosus Yes Yes Sunfi sh, mud Acantharchus pomotis Tier IVNo Sunfi sh, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Yes Sunfi sh, redbreast Lepomis auritus No Yes Warmouth Lepomis gulosus No Yes PART 6: OTHER AQUATIC SPECIES Crayfi sh Fallicambarus uhleri No Crayfi sh Fallicambarus fodiens No Crayfi sh, devil Cambarus diogenes No diogenes Crayfi sh, no Cambarus acuminatus No common name Crayfi sh, spiny Orconectes limosus No cheek Crayfi sh, white river Procambarus acutus No Mussel, eastern Elliptio complanata No elliptio PART 7: MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES Armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta No Borer, European Ostrinia nubilatis No corn Butterfl y, American Vanessa virginiensis Yes lady Butterfl y, Aaron’s Poanes aaroni No skipper Butterfl y, Satyrodes appalachia No Appalachian brown Butterfl y, Black Papilio polyxenes Yes Swallowtail Butterfl y, Brazilian Calpodes ethlius No skipper Butterfl y, broad- Poanes viator No winged skipper Butterfl y, cabbage Pieris rapae No Yes white Butterfl y, Carlina Hermeuptychia Yes satyr sosybius Butterfl y, carus Polites carus No skipper Butterfl y, clouded Lerema accius No skipper Butterfl y, clouded Colias philodice No Yes sulphur Butterfl y, cloudless Phoebis sennae eubule No Yes sulphur Butterfl y, common Junonia coenia No Yes buckeye

A-18 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Butterfl y, common Cercyonis pegala No Yes wood-nymph Butterfl y, crossline Polites origenes No skipper Butterfl y, Delaware Anatrytone logan No skipper Butterfl y, eastern Everes comyntas No Yes tailed-blue Butterfl y, eastern Papilio glaucus No Yes tiger swallowtail Butterfl y, Edwards Satyrium edwardsii No hairstreak Butterfl y, falcate Anthocharis midea No Yes orangetip Butterfl y, gray Strymon melinus No Yes hairstreak Butterfl y, great Speyeria cybele No Yes spangled fritillary Butterfl y, hackberry Asterocampa celtis No emperor Butterfl y, Hayhurst’s Staphylus hayhurstii No scallopwing Butterfl y, Horace’s Erynnis noratius Yes duskywing Butterfl y, least Ancyloxypha numitor No Yes skipper Butterfl y, long-tailed Urbanus proteus No skipper Butterfl y, meadow Boloira bellona Yes fritillary Butterfl y, monarch Danaus plexippus No Yes Butterfl y, Northern Wallengrenia egeremet Yes broken dash Butterfl y, orange Colias eurytheme No Yes sulphur Butterfl y, Pearl Phyciodes tharos Yes Crescent Butterfl y, Peck’s Polites peckius No skipper Butterfl y, Pipevine Battus philenor Yes swallowtail Butterfl y, Question Polygonia Yes mark interrogationis Butterfl y, Rare Problema bulenta SOC Skipper Butterfl y, Red Vanessa atalanta Yes Admiral Butterfl y, red-spotted Limenitis arthemis No Yes purple astyanax

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-19 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Butterfl y, sachem Atalopedes campestris No Butterfl y, salt marsh Panoquina panoquin No skipper Butterfl y, silver- Epargyreus clarus No Yes spotted skipper Butterfl y, southern Thorybes bathyllus No cloudywing Butterfl y, southern Satyrium favonius No hairstreak Butterfl y, spicebush Papilio troilus No Yes swallowtail Butterfl y, spring Celastrina ladon No azure Butterfl y, swarthy Nastra lherminier No skipper Butterfl y, tawny Asterocampa clyton No emperor Butterfl y, variegated Euptoieta claudia fritillary Butterfl y, viceroy Limenitis archippus No Yes Butterfl y, zebra Eurytides marcellus No Yes swallowtail Earworm, corn Heliathis zea No Moth, cecropia Hyalophora cecropia Yes Moth, codling Cydia pomonella No Moth, green-striped Cryocampa rubicunda Yes mapleworm Moth, gypsy Lymantria dispar No Moth, Imperial Eacles imperialis Yes Moth, Luna Actias luna Yes Moth, Plebeian Paratrea plebeja No Yes sphinx Moth, Polyphemus Antheraea polyphemus Yes Moth, royal walnut Citheronia regalis Yes moth Moth, Virginia- Darapsa myron No Yes creeper sphinx Moth, sycamore Halysidoat harrisii Yes tussock Moth, tulip-tree Callosamia angulifera Yes PART 8: TICKS Tick, American dog Dermacentor variabilis No Tick, brown dog Rhipicephalus No sanguineus Tick, lone star Amblyomma No Yes americanum Tick, rabbit Haemaphysalis No leporispalustris Tick, winter Dermacentor albipictus No A-20 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ PART 9: DRAGONFLIES Banded pennant Celithemis fasciata Yes Black-mantled glider Tramea lacerata Yes Blue dasher Pachydiplax longipennis Yes Blue-fronted dancer Argia apicalis Yes Calico pennant Celithemis elisa Yes Common green Anax junius Yes darner Common whitetail Libellula lydia Yes Dragonhunter Hagenius brevistylus Yes Eastern amberwing Perithemis tenera Yes Eastern forktail Ischnura verticalis Yes Eastern pondhawk Erythemis simplicicollis Yes Ebony jewelwing Calopteryx maculata Yes Familiar bluet Enallagma civile Yes Four-spotted Brachymesia gravida Yes pennant Fragile forktail Ischnura posita Yes Great blue skimmer Libellula vibrans Yes Halloween pennant Celithemis eponina Yes Needham’s skimmer Libellula needhami Yes Painted skimmer Libellula semifasciata Yes Pied skimmer Libellula luctuosa Yes Prince baskettail Epitheca princeps Yes Royal river cruiser Macromia taeniolata Yes Saddlebag spp Tramea spp. Yes Seaside dragonlet Erythrodiplax berenice Yes Slaty skimmer Libellula incesta Yes Twin-spotted Cordulegaster maculata Yes spiketail Violet-masked glider Tramea carolina Yes White-spangled Libellula cyanea Yes skimmer Widow skimmer Libellula luctuosa Yes PART 10: BEETLES American carrion Yes beetle Sylpha americana Monochamus Yes Black pine sawyer scutallatus Common black Yes ground beetle Pterostichus spp. Dogbane leaf beetle Chryochus auratus Yes Eastern eyed click Yes beetle Alaus oculatus Hercules beetle Dynastes tityus Yes Ivory marked beetle Eburia quadrigeminata Yes Ladybug beetle Hippodamia spp Yes Longhorn beetle spp Family Cerambycidea Yes Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-21 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Odontotaenius Yes Patent leather beetle disjunctus Pennsylvania fi refl y Photuris pennsylvanicus Yes Tetraopes Yes Red milkweed beetle tetraophthalmus Stag beetle spp. Family Lucanidea Yes Tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris Yes Tiger beetle spp Cincidelidae spp Yes Wood borer spp. Family Buprestidae Yes PART 11: BEES Agapostemon virescens Yes Augochlora pura Yes Augochlorella aurata Yes Bombus griseocollis Yes Halictus ligatus/poeyi Yes Hylaeus affi nis/ Yes modestus Lasioglossum bruneri Yes Lasioglossum coreopsis Yes Lasioglossum Yes creberrimum Lasioglossum Yes versatumsensumitchell Melissodes bimaculata Yes Melissodes comptoides Yes Melisssodes denticulata Yes Ptilothrix bombiformis Yes Svastra atripes Yes Triepeolus lunatus Yes PART 12: PLANTS Red Maple Acer rubrum Yes Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yes Sensitive Joint Vetch Aeschynomene FT, ST Yes Yes virginica Buckeye species Aesculus sp. Yes Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima Yes Silktree Albizia julibrissin Yes Onion species Allium sp. Yes Alder species Alnus sp. Yes Ragweed Ambrosia sp. Yes Canadian Amelanchier Yes Serviceberry canadensis Serviceberry Amelanchier sp. Yes Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii Yes Little Bluestem Andropogon scoparius Yes Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus Yes Bluestem A-22 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Anemone species Anemone sp. Yes Pussytoes Antennaria Yes plantaginifolia Stinking Chamomile Anthemis cotula Yes (Dog Fennel) Indianhemp species Apocynum sp. Yes Devil’s Walkingstick Aralia spinosa Yes Jack in the Pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Yes Milkweed species Asclepias sp. Yes Swamp Milkweed Asclepius incarnata Yes Common Milkweed Asclepius syriaca Yes St. Andrews Cross Ascyrum hypercoides Yes Pawpaw Asimina triloba Yes Ebony Spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron Yes Aster species Aster sp. Yes Common Lady Fern Athyrium fi lix-femina Yes Eastern Baccharis Baccharis halimifolia Yes River Birch Betula nigra Yes Beggar Ticks Bidens leavis Yes False nettle Bohemeria cylindrica Yes Cutleaf Grapefern Botrychium dissectum Yes Sideoats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula Yes Trumpet Creeper Campsis radicans Yes Trumpetvine Campsis tagliabuana Lurid Sedge Carex lurida Yes Sedge species Carex sp. Yes American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana Yes Hickory species Carya sp. Yes Hackberry species Celtis sp. Yes Common Cephalanthus Yes Buttonbush occidentalis Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis Yes Lambsquarters Chenopodium album Yes Spotted Wintergreen Chimaphiia maculata Yes Sweet Woodreed Cinna arundinacea Yes Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense Yes Spring Beauty Claytonia virginica Yes Sweet Pepperbush Clethra alnifolia Yes Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Yes Lanceleaf Tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata Yes Flowering Dogwood Cornus fl orida Yes Bermuda Grass Cynodon dactylon Yes Pink Ladyslipper Cypripedium acaule Yes Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Yes Queen Anne’s Lace Daucus carota Yes Eastern Hayscented Dennstaedtia Yes Fern punctilobula Nakedfl ower Desmodium nudifl orum Yes Ticktrefoil Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-23 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Panicledleaf Desmodium Yes Ticktrefoil paniculatum Deertongue Dichanthelium Yes clandestinum Wild Yam Dioscorea villosa Yes Common Diospyros virginiana Yes Persimmon Woodfern species Dryopteris sp. Yes Eastern Purple Echinacea purpurea Yes Conefl ower Autumn Olive Elaeagnus umbellata Yes Field Horsetail Equisetum arvense Sand Lovegrass Eragrostis sp. Yes species Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Yes Eastern Daisy Erigeron annuus Yes Fleabane Canadian Erigeron canadensis Yes Horseweed Bursting-heart Euonymus americanus Yes White Snakeroot Ageratina altissima Yes Blue Mistfl ower Conoclinium Yes coelestinum Coastal Plain Joe Eupatoriadelphus Yes Pye Weed dubius Common Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Yes American Beech Fagus grandifolia Yes Fescue species Festuca sp. Yes Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Yes Ash species Fraxinus sp. Yes Bedstraw species Galium sp. Yes Eastern Teaberry Gaultheria procumbens Yes Huckleberry species Gaylussacia sp. Yes Closed Gentian Gentian clausa Yes Soybean Glycine max Yes Rattlesnake Plantain Goodyera pubescens Yes American Hamamelis virginiana Yes Witchhazel American False Hedeoma pulegioides Yes Pennyroyal Maximilian Helianthus maximiliani Yes Sunfl ower Swamp Pink Helonias bullata FT, SE Potential (perDNH) Wild Ginger Hexostylus virginica Yes Marshmallow Hibiscus moscheutos Yes St. Johnswort Hypericum sp. Yes species American Holly Ilex opaca Yes

A-24 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Common Ilex verticillata Yes Winterberry Jewelweed/ Touch- Impatiens sp. Yes me-not species Redstar Ipomoea coccinea Yes Paleyellow Iris Iris pseudacorus Yes Small Whorled Isotria medioloides FT, SE Potential Pogonia (perDNH) Black Walnut Juglans nigra Yes Needlegrass Rush Juncus roemerianus Yes Rush species Juncus sp. Yes Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana Yes Mountain Laurel Kalmia latifolia Yes Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides Yes Sericea Lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata Yes Fetterbush Leucothoe racemosa Yes Privet species Ligustrum sp. Yes Turk’s-cap Lily Lilium superbum Yes Northern Spicebush Lindera benzoin Yes Twayblade, large Liparis lilifolia Yes Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciﬂ ua Yes Tuliptree Liriodendron tulipifera Yes Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis Yes Japanese Lonicera japonica Yes Honeysuckle Running Clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum Yes Fan Clubmoss Lycopodium Yes ﬂ abelliforme Clubmoss species Lycopodium sp. Yes Maleberry Lyonia ligustrina Yes Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana Yes Indian Cucumber- Medeola virginiana Yes root Wild Cucumber Melothria pendula Yes Nepalese Browntop Microstegium vimineum Yes Climbing Hempvine Mikania scandens Yes Partridgeberry Mitchella repens Yes Bee Balm Monarda didyma Yes Mulberry species Morus sp. Yes Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera Yes Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica Yes Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Yes Pricklypear species Opuntia sp. Yes Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Yes Royal Fern Osmunda regalis Yes Violet Wood Sorrel Oxalis violacea Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum Yes American Ginseng Panax quinquefolius ST Yes Switchgrass Panicum virgatum Yes Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-25 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Yellow Passionﬂ ower Passiﬂ ora lutea Yes Princesstree Paulownia tomentosa Yes Arrow Arum Peltandra virginica Yes Eastern Smooth Penstemon laevigatus Yes Beard Tongue Common Reed Phragmites australis Yes Clammy Physalis heterophylla Yes Groundcherry American Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Yes Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda Yes Virginia Pine Pinus virginiana Yes Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea FT Yes Fringed Orchid American Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Yes Grass species Poa sp. Yes Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum Yes Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum Yes commutatum Halberdleaf Polygonum arifolium Yes Tearthumb Japanese Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum Yes Dotted Smartweed Polygonum punctatum Yes Arrowlleaf Polygonum sagittatum Yes Tearthumb Smartweed species Polygonum sp. Yes Christmas Fern Polystichum Yes acrostichoides Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides Yes Cinquefoil species Potentilla sp. Yes Black Cherry Prunus serotina Yes White Oak Quercus alba Yes Scarlet Oak Quercus coccinea Yes Southern Red Oak Quercus falcata Yes Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata Yes Swamp Chestnut Quercus michauxii Yes Oak Water Oak Quercus nigra Yes Pin Oak Quercus palustris Yes Willow Oak Quercus phellos Yes Chestnut Oak Quercus prinus Yes Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra Yes Black Oak Quercus velutina Yes Great Laurel Rhododendron Yes maximum Swamp Azalea Rhododendron viscosum Winged Sumac Rhus copallina Yes

A-26 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra Yes Staghorn Sumac Rhus hirta Yes Sumac species Rhus sp. Yes Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Yes Multiﬂ ora Rose Rosa multiﬂ ora Yes Swamp Rose Rosa palustris Yes Blackberry species Rubus spp. Yes Blackeyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Yes Common Sheep Rumex acetosella Yes Sorrel Dock species Rumex sp. Yes Arrowhead species Sagittaria sp. Yes Black Willow Salix nigra Yes Lyreleaf Sage Salvia lyrata Yes Elderberry Sambucus canadensis Yes Sassafras Sassafras albidum Yes Lizard’s Tail Saururus cernuus Yes Leafy Bulrush Scirpus polyphyllus Yes Bulrush species Scirpus sp. Yes Skullcap species Sculilaria eleptica Yes Foxtail species Setaria sp. Greenbrier species Smilax sp. Yes Tall Goldenrod Solidago hederacea Yes Hyssop-leaved Solidago hyssopfolia Yes Goldenrod Sweet Goldenrod Solidago odora Yes Goldenrod species Solidago sp. Yes Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans Yes Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense Yes Saltmeadow Spartina patens Cordgrass Prairie Cordgrass Spartinia pectinata Yes Sphagnum moss Sphagnum sp. Yes species Dropseed species Sporobolus sp. Yes Chickweed species Stellaria sp. Yes Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum Yes New York Fern Thelypteris Yes noveboracensis Fern species Thelypteris sp. Yes Jumpseed Tovara virginiana Yes Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Yes Red Clover Trifolium pratense Yes Venus Looking Triodanis sp. Yes Glass species Yellowfruit Horse- Triosteum angustifolium gentian Eastern Gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides Yes Narrowleaf Cattail Typha angustifolia Yes Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-27 Appendix A

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATE WILDLIFE CONFIRMED CONFIRMED AND ACTION PLAN BY FWIS3 BY REFUGE STATE RANK2 STATUS¹ Cattail species Typha sp. Yes Elm species Ulmus sp. Yes Perfoliated Bellwort Uvularia perfoliata Yes Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium Yes Highbush Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum Yes Creeping Blueberry Vaccinium crassifolium Yes Blueberry species Vaccinium sp. Yes Deerberry Vaccinium stamineum Yes White Vervain Verbena urticifolia Southern Arrowwood Viburnum dentatum Yes Blackhaw Viburnum Viburnum prunifolium Yes Vetch species Vicia sp. Grape species Vitis sp. Yes Netted Chainfern Woodwardia areolata Yes Chainfern species Woodwardia sp. Yes Corn Zea mays Yes Giant Cutgrass Zizaniopsis miliacea Yes

1FE=Federal Endangered; FT=Federal Threatened; FC=Federal Candidate; SOC=Federal Species of Concern (not a legal status; list maintained by USFWS Virginia Field Ofﬁ ce); SE=State Endangered; ST=State Threatened; GCN=Greatest Conservation Need and Tiers I-IV from State Wildlife Action Plan; SSC=State Special Concern (not a legal status); Virginia Division of Natural Heritage Program ranking from: (1) critically imperiled to demonstrably secure (5) at the global (G), national (N) or state (S) level. 2Tier 1=Critical need, extremely high risk of extinction or extirpation. Tier II=Very high conservation need. Tier III=High conservation need. Tier IV=Moderate conservation need. For more detailed information regarding these categories, please refer to table A.3. 3 FWIS - Fish and Wildlife Information Service; The following list was compiled from the Virginia Fish and Wildlife Information Services (FWIS) database (2003 version) for the Rappahannock River- Cat Point Creek area and includes additional species from Refuge surveys and other trusted sources. Species with blanks in the “Conﬁ rmed by FWIS” column are additions to the FWIS list by Sandy Spencer, Refuge Biologist. A “no” in this column means the State has no voucher for this species as of the date of the FWIS list. Contributors: Insecta: Ann Chazel, Connie Grimm, Teta Kain, Sandy Spencer, Va Tech (CMI). Avifauna: Bob Ake, Fred Atwood, Arun Bose, Steve Collins, Thelma Dalmas, Fenton Day, John Drummond, Teta Kain, Daniel Lee, John Spahr, Sandy Spencer, Mike Stinson, Bill Williams, Mike Wilson. Mammalia: Refuge staff. Aquatic: Gary Swihart, VCU. Herpetofauna: Mike Clifford, Connie Grimm, Don Schwab, Sandy Spencer, Kory Steele, Joy Ware (other members of the Virginia Herpetological Society). Plants: Allen Belden, Marie Minor, Sandy Spencer

A-28 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

Table A.3. Conservation List and Agency, Tier Categories, and Deﬁ nition CONSERVATION LIST CATEGORIES CRITERIA OR RULE

Virginia Wildlife Action Tier I Critical need. Extremely high risk of extinction or extirpation. Populations Plan (2005) are at critically low levels, face immediate threat(s), or occur within an extremely limited range. Intense and immediate management action is needed. Tier II Very high conservation need. High risk of extinction or extirpation. Populations of these species are at very low levels, face real threat(s), or occur within a very limited distribution. Immediate management is needed for stabilization and recovery. Tier III High conservation need. Extinction or extirpation possible. Populations are in decline, have declined to low levels, or are restricted in their range. Management action is needed to stabilize or increase these populations. Tier IV Moderate conservation need. Species may be rare in parts of its range, particularly in the periphery. Populations of these species have demonstrated a declining trend, or a declining trend is suspected, which, if continued, is likely to qualify the species for a higher trend in the foreseeable future. Long term planning is necessary to stabilize or increase populations. Partners in Flight (PIF) Tier IA High Continental Concern and High Regional Responsibility. Species for which this region shares in major conservation responsibility (i.e. Mid-Atlantic Coastal conservation in this region is critical to the overall health of this species). Plain (Area 44) Tier IB High Continental Concern and Low Regional Responsibility. Species for Bird Conservation which this region can contribute to range-wide conservation objectives Assessment where the species occurs. (2004) Tier IIA High Regional Concern. Species that are experiencing declines in the core of their range and that require short-term conservation action to reverse or stabilize trends. Tier IIB High Regional Responsibility. Species for which this region shares in the responsibility for long-term conservation, even if they are not currently declining or threatened. These are species of moderate overall priority with a disproportionately high percentage of their total population in the region. Tier IIC High Regional Threats. Species of moderate overall priority that are uncommon in a region and whose remaining populations are threatened, usually because of extreme threats to sensitive habitats. These are species with high breeding threat scores within the region, or in combination with high non-breeding threats outside the region. Tier III Additional Watch List. These species are on the U.S. National Watch List not included in the above tiers. These species score highly enough based on global criteria to warrant conservation attention wherever they occur in bird conservation regions with high area importance factors. This factor is based on two components: relative density in the region, and the proportion of the global population of a species that is contained within the region during the breeding season. Tier IV Additional Federally Listed. Species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act receive conservation attention wherever they occur. Tier V Additional State Listed. Species on state endangered, threatened, or special concern lists that did not meet any of above criteria. These are often rare or peripheral populations.

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-29 Appendix A

CONSERVATION LIST CATEGORIES CRITERIA OR RULE

North Atlantic Regional 5 Regional Priority Level: High Shorebird Plan (2001) 4 Regional Priority Level: Moderate-High 3 Regional Priority Level: Moderate 2 Regional Priority Level: Moderate-Low North American Highly This includes all species with signiﬁ cant population declines and either Waterbird Conservation Imperiled low populations or some other high risk factor. Plan (NAWCP; 2002) High Concern Species that are not highly imperiled. Populations of these species are known or thought to be declining, and have some other known or potential threats as well. Moderate Species that are not highly imperiled or high concern. Populations Concern of these species are either a) declining with moderate threats or distributions; b) stable with known or potential threats and moderate to restricted distributions; or c) relatively small with relatively restricted distributions. Low Concern Species that are not highly imperiled, of high concern or moderate concern. Populations of these species are either a) stable with moderate threats and distributions; b) increasing but with known or potential threats and moderate to restricted distributions; or c) of moderate size with known or potential threats and moderate to restricted distributions. Not Currently All other species for which information was available, that were not highly imperiled or of high, moderate or low concern. at Risk Information If both population trend and population size could not be estimated, Lacking species were not ranked. North American Highest Continental Priority – High and Geographic Importance – High Waterfowl Management High Continental Priority – Moderately High, Moderate, Moderately Low or Plan (NAWMP) Above Objective and Geographic Importance – High

Implementation OR Framework (2004) Continental Priority- High and Geographic Importance-Moderately High Moderately Continental Priority – Moderately High or Moderate and Geographic High Importance – Moderately High Moderate Continental Priority – Moderately Low or Above Objective and Geographic Importance – Moderately High

Continental Priority – High and Geographic Importance – Moderately Low Moderately Continental Priority – Moderately High or Moderate and Geographic Low Importance – Moderately Low Low Continental Priority – Moderately low or Above Objective and Geographic Importance – Moderately Low 1State WAP Deﬁ nitions: Tier I = critical conservation need; Tier II = very high conservation need; Tier III = high conservation need; Tier IV = moderate conservation need 2BCR 30 2007 Deﬁ nitions: Highest = High BCR Concern and High BCR Responsibility and (High or Moderate Continental Concern); High = High Continental Concern and Moderate BCR Responsibility 3The Audubon Watch list comes from two sources: The 2002 Audubon Watch List; and the Audubon State of the Birds Report for Virginia. In the Audubon Watch list column: “X” represents a bird species on The 2002 Audubon Watch List

A-30 Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Species Known or Suspected on the Refuge, Including Species of Conservation Concern

“**” represents a bird species that breeds or likely breeds in the project area and are declining at ≥70 percent per year over the past 40 years. Sources for the Conservation List Used for This Table: 1. WAP (Wildlife Action Plan) of Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 2005. Virginia’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (from Chapter 4: Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Virginia’s Coastal Plain) VDGIF, Richmond, VA; 2. The 2002 Audubon Watch List. http://www.audubon2.org/watchlist/viewWatchlist.jsp. Accessed August 17, 2007. 3. All Common Virginia Birds Declining Greater than 50 percent over 40 Years on the BBS or CBC. http://stateofthebirds. audubon.org/cbid/ 4. Steinkamp, M. 2007. BCR 30 Plan. Conservation priority categories for bird species in BCR 30. ACGV. (June 18 draft).

Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge A-31