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A New Species of the Genus Gobio Cuvier, 1816 (Actynopterigii, Cyprinidae) from the Iberian Peninsula and Southwestern France

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A New Species of the Genus Gobio Cuvier, 1816 (Actynopterigii, Cyprinidae) from the Iberian Peninsula and Southwestern France Graellsia, 60(1): 107-116 (2004) A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS GOBIO CUVIER, 1816 (ACTYNOPTERIGII, CYPRINIDAE) FROM THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND SOUTHWESTERN FRANCE I. Doadrio1 and M. J. Madeira2 ABSTRACT Iberian and southern French populations of the genus Gobio, considered in the past to be populations of Gobio gobio, are assigned to a new species (Gobio lozanoi n. sp.) based on genetic and morphological characters. This new species of the genus Gobio is found in the basins of the Rivers Adour in France and Bidasoa, Duero, Ebro, Guadalete, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Júcar, Llobregat, Mondego, Mijares, Nalón, Nansa, Miño, Segura, Tajo, and Turia in the Iberian Peninsula. The new species is distinguished from Gobio gobio by a combination of the following characters: 36-39 scales on the lateral line, 3 scales below the lateral line. The distance between the pectoral and ventral fins is greater than that between the ventral and anal fins (VAL/PVL≤0.8). The preorbital dis- tance is short and the head is wide (ED/PrOL≥0.56; PrOL/HH≤0.69; PrOL/HW≤0.68). Divergence distances in cytochrome b between Gobio gobio and the new species are “p”=4.8-5.9%. Key words: Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Taxonomy, Gobio gobio, Iberian Peninsula, South France. RESUMEN Una nueva especie del género Gobio Cuvier, 1816 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) de la Península Ibérica y sur de Francia Se describe una nueva especie del género Gobio de la Península Ibérica y sur de Francia (Gobio lozanoi n. sp.), considerada hasta ahora una población de Gobio gobio, en base a caracteres genéticos y morfológicos. La nueva especie del género Gobio pro- cede de las cuencas de los ríos Adour en Francia y Bidasoa, Duero, Ebro, Guadalete, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Júcar, Llobregat, Mondego, Mijares, Nalón, Nansa, Miño, Segura, Tajo y Turia en la Península Ibérica. Esta nueva especie se diferencia de Gobio gobio por una combinación de los siguientes caracteres: 36-39 escamas en la línea late- ral, 3 escamas por debajo de la línea lateral. La distancia entre la aleta pectoral y ven- tral es siempre mayor que entre la aleta ventral y la anal (VAL/PVL≤0.8). La distancia preorbital es corta y la cabeza ancha (ED/PrOL≥0.56; PrOL/HH≤0.69; PrOL/HW≤0.68). Para el citocromo b la divergencia entre Gobio gobio y la nueva espe- cie fue de “p”=4.8-5.9%. Palabras clave: Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Taxonomía, Gobio gobio, Península Ibérica, Sur de Francia. 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2. 28006 Madrid. Spain. [email protected] 2 Dep. Zoología y Dinámica Celular Animal. Fac. Farmacia. Universidad del País Vasco (U.P.V). Paseo de la Universidad 7. 01006 (Vitoria-Gasteiz) Spain. [email protected] (c) Sociedad de Amigos del Museo http://graellsia.revistas.csic.es Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España (by-nc) 108 DOADRIO and MADEIRA Introduction ses previously, it had not been named until this study was made. Gobio (Cuvier, 1816) is a genus of approxima- tely 20 species distributed throughout Europe and Asia. Within this genus, Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, Material and Methods 1758) with its numerous described subspecies and local forms, is one of the most variable fish species The description of this new Gobio species is in all of Europe owing to its phenotypic plasticity. based on the study of sixty-three adults from the The common gudgeon (Gobio gobio) is a Eresma River in Coca, Segovia. The holotype and a Palaearctic species whose distribution area series of paratypes were deposited in Museo extends throughout most of Europe, Anatolia, Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Spain). For the Siberia and Central Asia. In the Iberian Peninsula morphometric analysis we studied the following it was cited for the first time in Matosinho, Gobio gobio material: MNCN20568-20573, six Portugal (Osorio, 1896) and later in the Duero individuals from Vltava River, Brno, Czech basin in Spain (Lozano-Rey, 1919). Its dispersal Republic. MNCN20698-20707, 10 individuals capacity and ability to colonize new areas favou- from Elbe River, Cernylev, Czech Republic. red its rapid expansion throughout the entire geo- MNCN20588-20594, 7 individuals from Elbe graphical area of the Iberian Peninsula over the River, Nova Ves, Czech Republic. 94253-94263, 11 last decades. As a result, the common gudgeon individuals from Mures River Lunca-Bradului, was considered to be an introduced species in the Romania. MNCN94322-94335, 14 individuals Iberian Peninsula. Only one study, based on bio- from Mures River Brancovenesti (Romania). metrical analyses, considered the allochthonous MNCN195547-195556, 10 individuals from Tha- nature of gudgeon populations in the Iberian mes River, Lombard Road, England. Peninsula (Coelho, 1981). Twenty-five morphometric variables were mea- However, in the course of recent genetic studies sured. All measurements were in millimetres and of different species of the genus Gobio, using a were log-transformed for morphometric analysis. mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b) marker, the G. The following abbreviations were used for gobio populations from the Iberian Peninsula and morphometric and meristic characters: SL, stan- southern France (Adour basin) were found to be dard length; HL, head length; HH, head height; genetically different from G. gobio populations in HW, head width; PrOL, preorbital length; ED, eye England and Central Europe (Madeira et al., in diameter; ID, interorbital distance; PRDD, predor- press). This last study confirms a phylogeographic sal distance; PrPD, prepectoral distance, PrVD, genetic discontinuity between Iberian and other preventral distance; PrAD, preanal distance; CPL, European populations. Thus, Iberian and Adour caudal peduncle length; APL, anal peduncle Basin G. gobio populations seem to have endemic length; PVL, pectoral-ventral length; VAL, ven- origins. However, the majority of the endemic tral-anal length; DFL, dorsal fin length; DFH, dor- freshwater fishes of the Iberian Peninsula have sal fin height; PFL, pectoral fin length; VFL, narrower distributions ranges. ventral fin length ; AFL, anal fin length; AFH, anal Gobio gobio populations from the Iberian fin height; CFL, caudal fin length, BD body depth; Peninsula have a decidedly wider distribution BLD, body least depth; BL, barbel length; D, dor- range, and have been reported in all the main river sal fin rays; A, anal fin rays; P, fin rays; V, fin rays; basins of Spain (Doadrio & Elvira, 1986) and C, fin rays; LLS, lateral line scales; LTU, upper Portugal (Almaça, 1965). This may be due to its use transversal scales; LTL, lower transversal scales; as live-bait in sport fishing and to having been PT, pharyngeal teeth. Only branched fins rays were translocated from basin to basin by human activity. counted. As a consequence, there is low genetic variation Differences in body shape between populations between the populations from the Iberian Peninsula were analysed using Principal Component Analysis and southern France (Adour basin), making it diffi- (PCA). The Shear method was used to correct size cult to determine in what basin the native popula- effects (SPCA) (Humphries et al., 1981) using the tions originated. programme SHEAR PCA available from N. The purpose of this study was describe the spe- MacLeod Natural History Museum London cimens from the Iberian Peninsula and Adour Basin (http//www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/paleonet/ftp/ftp.html). as new species of the genus Gobio. Although this Institutional acronyms: MNCN Museo Nacional species had been defined through molecular analy- de Ciencias Naturales. (c) Sociedad de Amigos del Museo http://graellsia.revistas.csic.es Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España (by-nc) A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS GOBIO 109 Fig. 1.— Gobio lozanoi sp. nov. Holotype MNCN153558; Eresma River, Duero Basin, Coca, Segovia. Spain. Scale = 10 mm. Fig. 1.— Gobio lozanoi sp. nov. Holotype MNCN153558; río Eresma, Cuenca del río Duero, Coca, Segovia. España. Escala = 10 mm. Gobio lozanoi, new species 1.4-1.8 (1.5) times the head height and 1.45-1.82 (Fig. 1) (1.61) the width head (Table 3a-c). The eye dia- meter length is 1.4-2.1 (1.8) times the preorbital HOLOTYPE. MNCN153558, 88.2 mm SL; Eresma River, Duero Basin, Coca, Segovia. Spain. Leg J. Lobón, S. Torres and I. distance. Ventral fin is inserted posteriorly to the Doadrio. 14.VIII.1984 (Table 1). origin of the dorsal fin, on the same axis (Table 3d). Predorsal length is 1-1.1 (1.1) times the pre- PARATYPES. MNCN153557, 153559-153620. Eresma River, ventral length. Distance between pectoral and Duero Basin, Coca, Segovia. Spain. Leg J. Lobón, S. Torres and I. Doadrio. 14.VIII.1984. ventral fin is longer than ventral-anal distance. Pectoral-ventral distance is 1.1-1.5 (1.2) times DIAGNOSIS. Differs from all other known species ventral-anal distance. Fin size moderately large. of Gobio by the following: 36-39 scales in the late- There is a pair of maxillary barbels of variable ral line, 3 scales below the lateral line, distance bet- size. All populations of this species except those ween pectoral and ventral fin is greater than ventral from the Bidasoa River in the Iberian Peninsula anal distance (VAL/PVL≤0.8), the preorbital dis- and those from the Adour River in France have tance is short and the head is wide (ED/PrOL≥0.56, longer barbels than G. gobio. Barbels reach the PrOL/HH≤0.69; PrOL/HW≤0.68). Divergence dis- posterior border of the eye. Scales larger than tances in cytochrome b between G. gobio and the those of G. gobio and there are only 3 scales on new species are “p”=0.48-0.59. the transversal rows under the lateral line.
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