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The Dynamics of the Ligula Intestinalis (Cestoda

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The Dynamics of the Ligula Intestinalis (Cestoda HACETTEPE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY Research Article Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem., 2010, 38 (4) 319-324 The Dynamics of the Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) in Three Cyprinid Species [Alburnus escherichii Steindachner, 1897; Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)] in Çamkoru Pond (Ankara-Turkey) Deniz İnnal1, Füsun Erk’akan2, Nevin Keskin2 1Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Burdur, Turkey 2Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey Article Info Abstract Article history: Pleurocercoids of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) were recorded from Received April 22, 2010 three fish species [Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Alburnus escherichii Steindachner, Received in revised form 1897 and Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758)] in Çamkoru Pond (Sakarya Basin-Turkey). This June 26, 2010 is the first record of L. intestinalis from G. gobio in Turkey. Infection prevelance is lower for Accepted S. cephalus (7.07%) and G. gobio (7.5%) when compared to A. escherichii (25.71%). The July 14, 2010 age composition of infected individuals of A. escherichii, G. gobio and S. cephalus, Available online September 20, 2010 populations was as follows: III-VII; IV-V and I-II. The parasitisation index varied in A. Key Words escherichii between 0 and 18%, in G. gobio between 0 and 11.07% and in S. cephalus between 0 and 3.57%. The aim of this study is to compare dynamics of L. intestinalis Ligula intestinalis, pleurocercoids in three fish species of Çamkoru Pond. For this purpose; prevelance and Squalius cephalus, intensity of infection, age and sex compositions of infected populations, seasonality of Alburnus escherichi, Gobio gobio, infection, the length and weight range of host species have been obtained and compared Çamkoru Pond with other studies. INTRODUCTION Gobio gobio for Turkey. A thorough search of the helminthological literature in Turkey reveals no Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda) is a common intestinal records of the occurrence of L. intestinalis in the parasite of many fish species in Turkey. Because of gudgeon, Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) the harmful effects on fish host, L. intestinalis has (Cyprinidae), although it has been reported from this been the subject of a number of studies. host in Northern Ireland [8], in England [9]. Plerocercoid larvae of L. intestinalis are common in Squalius cephalus (Previously known as L. The aim of the study is to compare dynamics of L. cephalus) [1-5] and Alburnus escherichii (Alburnus intestinalis pleurocercoids in three fish species of sp.) [2,6,7]. But for the first time it was observed in Çamkoru Pond (Çamlıdere-Ankara). For this purpose; prevelance and intensity of infection, age * Correspondence to: Deniz İnnal and sex compositions of infected populations, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Art and Science, seasonality of infection, the length and weight range Department of Biology, Burdur, Turkey of host species have been obtained and compared Tel: +90248 212 2780 Fax: +90248 212 2781 with other studies. E-mail: [email protected] 319 MATERIAL AND METHODS female, male). The prevelance (percentage of hosts infected) and the intensity (number of parasites per The data analysed in this study concerns a infected host) of them were calculated. The population of L. intestinalis from Çamkoru Pond parasitisation index (PI) (%PI) = (Parasite weight / (Çamlıdere-Ankara) located on the Kadınboğazı fish weight minus parasite weight) x (100) [12] was Creek, 105 km northwest of Ankara with a surface established in infected individuals. area of 7 ha. Fish species were caught monthly with nets of various mesh sizes (10, 17, 23, 30, 40 and 50 mm) between August 2002 and August 2003. RESULTS and DISCUSSION After the transfer to the Hacettepe University Natural Researches Laboratory in Çamkoru, immediately Prevelance and intensity of infection in different age the fish were visually inspected for the presence of groups of fish species are shown in Table 1. larval cestode infection in the body cavities and the Seasonal variation in prevelance and intensity of cestodes were identifed according to Chubb et al, infection are shown in Table 2. 1987 [10] as Ligula intestinalis. Initial results clearly indicated that the native fish species (S. cephalus, A total of 11 Cyprinus carpio, 1 Oncorynchus A. escherichii, G. gobio) were the intermediate host mykiss, 470 Tinca tinca, 315 A. escherichi, 40 G. of L. intestinalis in Çamkoru Pond, so further gobio and 368 S. cephalus were inspected for the analyses focused on this host-parasite system. Fish presence of larval cestode infection in the body and pleurocercoids were respectively measured and cavities. Pleurocercoids were not found in the mirror weighed to the nearest 1.0 mm and 0.1 g. Age and common carp (C. carpio), tench (T. tinca) and determination was carried out according to the rainbow trout (O. mykiss) which were introduced method of Lagler [11]. Fish were dissected to after reservoir construction. Pleurocercoids were determine the sexual state (immature, mature, detected in native cyprinid species (A. escherichii, Table 1. Prevelance and intensity of infection in different age groups of fish species. Age Alburnus escherichii Gobio gobio Squalius cephalus N N’ Pr (%) Int (np) N N’ Pr (%) Int (np) N N’ Pr (%) Int (np) I 57 20 35.09 1.1 (22) II 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 38 6 15.79 1.83 (11) III 162 18 11.11 1.56 (28) 14 0 0 0 179 0 0 0 IV 40 7 17.5 1.57 (11) 10 2 20 2.5 (5) 46 0 0 0 V 49 24 48.98 2.79 (67) 8 1 12.5 3 (3) 17 0 0 0 VI 43 26 60.47 2.85 (74) 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 VII 16 6 37.5 2.5 (15) 11 0 0 0 VIII 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 IX 3 0 0 0 X 4 0 0 0 Total 315 81 25.71 2.41 (195) 40 3 7.5 2.67 (8) 368 26 7.07 1.27 (33) N: Total number of individuals; N’: Number of infected individuals; Pr : Prevelance (Percentage of hosts infected); Int: Intensity (number of parasites per infested host); np: number of pleurocercoids 320 Table 2. Seasonal variation in prevelance and intensity of infection. Months Alburnus escherichii Gobio gobio Squalius cephalus N N’ Pr (%) Int (np) N N’ Pr (%) Int (np) N N’ Pr (%) Int (np) Aug.02 35 12 34.29 2.42 (29) 0 0 0 0 48 5 10.42 1.4 (7) Sep.02 13 6 46.15 1.83 (11) 5 0 0 0 28 5 17.86 1.2 (6) Oct.02 16 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 46 1 2.17 1 (1) Nov.02 23 1 4.35 1 (1) 5 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 Apr.03 60 21 35 2.9 (61) 5 0 0 0 28 3 10.71 1.67(5) May.03 31 10 32.26 2.3 (23) 7 0 0 0 34 1 2.94 1 (1) Jun.03 54 10 18.52 2.1 (21) 5 1 20 2 (2) 50 3 6 1 (3) Jul.03 53 10 18.87 2.2 (22) 5 2 40 3 (6) 65 3 4.62 1 (3) Aug.03 30 11 36.67 2.45 (27) 5 0 0 0 52 5 9.62 1.4 (7) Total 315 81 25.71 2.41 (195) 40 3 7.5 2.67 (8) 368 26 7.07 1.27 (33) S. cephalus and G. gobio). The plerocercoid larvae to sampling differences, feding habits of fish of Ligula intestinalis has not been recorded before species, host resistance and ecological from G. gobio in the Turkey. Of 40 G. gobio characteristics of the aquatic systems. examined in present study 3 (7.5%) contained plerocercoids. The prevelance of infection in G. Overall, the prevelance in age group of Anatolian gobio (Gudgeon) and S. cephalus (European Chub) bleak was as follows for females, males, both sexes populations in Çamkoru Pond were quite similar. combined, respectively: age 3., 7.95% (female), The highest prevelance of infection was determined 14.86% (male) and 11.11% (both sexes combined); in A. escherichii (Anatolian bleak) (25.71%). age 4., 18.75% , 16.67% and 17.5%; age 5., 56.52%, 42.31% and 48.98%; age 6., 60.87% , 60% The age composition in present study of Anatolian and 60.47%; age 7., 57.14%, 22.2% and 37.5% bleak, Gudgeon, European chub, populations was and the mean prevelance of all samples was as follows: II-VIII; II-VI, and I-X; Because of the 25.71%. Of all the infected Anatolian bleak large mesh size (≥10 mm), fish less than I year old examined, 41 were female, and 40 were male. The for European chub populations and II year old for VI age group was dominant in the prevelance. Anatolian bleak and gudgeon populations were not Pleurocercoids were not observed in female represented. The age composition of infected specimens of S. cephalus and male specimens of individuals of Anatolian bleak, Gudgeon and G. gobio. The prevelance in age class of Gudgeon European chub, populations was as follows: III-VII; was as follows for female, respectively; age 4., 20%; IV-V and I-II. Since host resistance and behavior age 5., 12.5%; and the mean prevelance of all dictate infection age, age range of infection in three samples was 7.5%. The IV age group was dominant fish species were different. The age composition of in the prevelance. The prevelance in age class of host fish species in previous studies was as follows: European chub was as follows for age groups, Tinca tinca in Mogan Lake, I-VII [13]; Acanthobrama respectively: age 1., 35.09% (immature); age 2., marmid in Keban Dam Lake, I-II [14]; L.
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