GUADALUPE RIVER BASIN STRATEGIC CONSERVATION PLAN Produced for the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment ǁŝƚŚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞdĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĞLJŶƚŚŝĂĂŶĚ'ĞŽƌŐĞDŝƚĐŚĞůů&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ by Siglo Group Fall 2019 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

WƌŽũĞĐƚdĞĂŵ͗ DĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌ͗:ĞŶŶĂtĂůŬĞƌ͕ZLJĂŶ^ƉĞŶĐĞƌ͕ŵŝůLJtĂƌƌĞŶ͕ĂŶĚĂƌŽŶZĂƉĞƌ ^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉ͗:ŽŶĂƚŚĂŶKŐƌĞŶ͕ůĂƌĞŽĂŬůĞLJ͕ĂǀĞWŝĞƚƌƵƐnjLJŶƐŬŝ͕:ĂĚĞ&ůŽƌĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚ<ĂƌŝŶĂ'ŽŶnjĂůĞnj dĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞ͗dƌĂǀŝƐdŝĚǁĞůůĂŶĚdŝŵŝƌĚƐŽŶŐ

www.MeadowsWater.org, 512.245.9200

dŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌtĂƚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝƐŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƚŚĂƚĞŶƐƵƌĞƐĐůĞĂŶ͕ĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚ water for the environment and all humanity.

www.siglogroup.com, [email protected], 512.699.5986

^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉƵƐĞƐƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽĨŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŽŚĞůƉĐůŝĞŶƚƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞůĂŶĚƵƐĞǁŝƚŚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘^ŝŐůŽƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝnjĞƐŝŶĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͕ƐŝƚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ĐĂƌƚŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ͕ĂŶĚƐƉĂƟĂůĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͘dŚĞŝƌǁŽƌŬŚĂƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽůĂŶĚďĞŝŶŐƐĞƚĂƐŝĚĞŝŶƉĞƌƉĞƚƵŝƚLJĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚǁŽƌŬƚŽǁĂƌĚƐŵŽƌĞƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞůĂŶĚƵƐĞ͕ŐŽŽĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚĂŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƐ and value of land.

www.tpwd.texas.gov

The mission of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is to manage and conserve the natural and cultural resources of Texas and to provide hunt- ŝŶŐ͕ĮƐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚŽƵƚĚŽŽƌƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƵƐĞĂŶĚĞŶũŽLJŵĞŶƚŽĨƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂŶĚĨƵƚƵƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘

www.cgmf.org

dŚĞdĞdžĂƐͲďĂƐĞĚLJŶƚŚŝĂĂŶĚ'ĞŽƌŐĞDŝƚĐŚĞůů&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶŝƐĂŐƌĂŶƚŵĂŬŝŶŐĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƐĞĞŬƐŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ͕ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŚƵŵĂŶĂŶĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͘dŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬƐĂƐĂŶĞŶŐŝŶĞŽĨĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶďŽƚŚƉŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶdĞdžĂƐ͕ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐŚŝŐŚͲŝŵƉĂĐƚƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂƚƚŚĞŶĞdžƵƐŽĨĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ƐŽĐŝĂůĞƋƵŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐǀŝďƌĂŶĐLJ͘

ŽǀĞƌ/ŵĂŐĞ͗WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJdĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚΞϮϬϬϲ

2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS

^hDDZz 5 /EdZKhd/KE 9 'h>hW^/E^dhzZ 11 Dd,K^ 23 FINDINGS 33 /^h^^/KEΘKE>h^/KE^ 39 ^KhZ^ 42 PROJECT GOALS 1. Provide an overview of the Guadalupe Basin, its relevant ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ͕ůĂŶĚƵƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵů decision making.

2. hƟůŝnjĞĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚĚĂƚĂĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨŚŝŐŚĞƐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͘

3. /ĚĞŶƟĨLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJĂŶĚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ wildlife within the Guadalupe Basin.

4. ZĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƉĂƚŚƐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶƚƵƐĞŽĨǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ĂŶĚĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů resources.

5. WƌŽǀŝĚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƐŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ ĨƵŶĚƌĂŝƐŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐŽŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞ outcome of the next phase of the project. Photo courtesy Texas Parks and Wildlife Department © 2006 5

SUMMARY dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůǀĂůƵĞĂŶĚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƒ ϯϬ͕ϱϭϱĂĐƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ^ĂŶ to over 600,000 and growing basin residents. Ecologically, it is home to DĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐ͖ numerous endemic species, along with Guadalupe bass and freshwater ƒ 31,273 acres of lands within the Western Gulf Coastal Plains. ŵƵƐƐĞůƐ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ŝƚĞŵƉƟĞƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽĂLJ͕ǁŚĞƌĞŽŶĞŽĨ the most endangered bird species in the world—the Whooping Crane— dŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐĂĐƌŝƟĐĂůƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ breeds every winter. The basin also provides ecosystem services that are ŐĂƉĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘WůĂŶŶŝŶŐŐĂƉƐĂƌĞĂƌĞĂƐĨŽƌǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƐ ǀŝƚĂůƚŽŚƵŵĂŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘^ƵƌĨĂĐĞĂŶĚŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂͲďĂƐĞĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐǁŚĞƌĞƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJĂŶĚ water, while open, unpaved spaces have the demonstrated ability to ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůLJĂƉƉůLJƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŶƵƟůŝnjĞĚĨŽƌŝŶƚĞƌͲ ŵŝƟŐĂƚĞŇŽŽĚĚĂŵĂŐĞ͘EƵŵĞƌŽƵƐĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJ ĂŶĚŝŶƚƌĂͲũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶĂůĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘LJĐŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐƚŚŝƐĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĨĂƌŵŝŶŐ͕ƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐ͕ŚƵŶƟŶŐ͕ďŝƌĚǁĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ͕ĮƐŚŝŶŐ͕ ŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨůĂŶĚƵƐĞ ĂŶĚƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƌĂƉŝĚŐƌŽǁƚŚĂƌŽƵŶĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůŚŝŐŚǁĂLJĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ ƚƌĞŶĚƐŽŶƚŚĞŵ͕ƚŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶƐƚŽƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůLJĚĞŐƌĂĚĞƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ůŝŵŝƟŶŐƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌ͛Ɛ ĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůŽƐŝŶŐƚŚŝƐƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐŐĂƉ͘KŶĐĞƚŚĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝƐ ability to provide these services. ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƐǁŝůůĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŐĂƉ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ is the space between knowing what needs to be done and determining LJĂŶĂůLJnjŝŶŐƚŚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞǀĂůƵĂďůĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞ ŚŽǁƚŽĚŽŝƚ͘dŚŝƐƐƚĂŐĞŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶŝƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐĨŽƌĐŽŵƉůĞƟŶŐƚŚĞǁŽƌŬ͕ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐƚŽ ƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌtĂƚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŝƚƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŝŶƚĂŬŝŶŐĂƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ͕ƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͘dŚĞŐŽĂůŽĨƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬŝƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŐĂƉƐ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƐĐĂŶƵƟůŝnjĞĂƉƌŽǀĞŶĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌ ƚŽƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶďLJŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽƵƐ ŵŽǀŝŶŐƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐĨƌŽŵĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƚŽŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘dŚŝƐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ůĂŶĚƐĨŽƌƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͘dŚŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚŽǀĞƌϯŵŝůůŝŽŶĂĐƌĞƐŽĨůĂŶĚŝŶ can serve as a catalyst for that work to begin. ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶƵƐŝŶŐĂŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĂůŵŽĚĞů͘DŽĚĞůŝŶƉƵƚƐ included variables associated with water, cultural, and ecological resources. dŚŝƐĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŚĂƐŵƵůƟƉůĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ͘&ŝƌƐƚ͕ƚŚĞďƌĞĂĚƚŚŽĨ dŚĞƐĞŝŶƉƵƚƐǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJĂŶĚƌĂŶŬƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĂƐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚďLJĂŶLJƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚĂƌĞĂĂůůŽǁƐĨŽƌ ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϭͿ͘dŚŽƐĞĂƌĞĂƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƌĂŶŬƌĞŇĞĐƚĞĚƚŚĞĐŽŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŽĨ ĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨĚŝƐƟŶĐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶͲĨŽĐƵƐĞĚŐƌŽƵƉƐƚŽƉĂƌƚŶĞƌŝŶůĂŶĚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ͕ŚŝŐŚͲǀĂůƵĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ĂƌĞƉƌŝŵĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ďLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐĂŶLJƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂ͕ ĂƌĞĂƐƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůLJĂƉƉůLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĚŽůůĂƌƐ͘dŚĞƚŽƉ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐĂƌĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚƚŽŵĞĞƚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ϭϬйŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚůĂŶĚƐ;ĂƉƉƌŽdž͘ϯϴϬ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐͿŝŶĐůƵĚĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚĨŽƌ along with numerous other ecological goals. Finally, top priority areas 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ͕ĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌŵƵƐƐĞůƐ͕ŇŽŽĚŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͕ůĂŶĚƐĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂŶĞĸĐŝĞŶƚƉĂƚŚǁĂLJƚŽĂƉƉůLJůŝŵŝƚĞĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶ ƚŽĞdžŝƐƟŶŐŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ͕ƌĂŶĐŚůĂŶĚƐ͕ĂƌĞĂƐƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚďLJĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŚŝŐŚͲŝŵƉĂĐƚƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͘LJĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐŽŶ ĂŶĚƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚŚĞƌĞ͕ƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌĂŶĚŝƚƐƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐǁŝůůďĞ ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϮͿ͘^ƉĞĐŝĮĐŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĂƌĞĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĨŽƌ ǁĞůůͲĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨǀĂůƵĂďůĞůĂŶĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ͘/ŶĚŽŝŶŐƐŽ͕ƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌǁŝůůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƒ ƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐŽĨEĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐ͖ ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͛ƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚǀŝƚĂůŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞ ƒ ĐŽŵƉůĞdžŽĨϰϬ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐĂƚƚŚĞŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͖ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌĨƵƚƵƌĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ϲ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

Austin PARCEL PRIORITIZATION

Kerrville Bl an co Gu River ada P lupe San Marcos lu Riv m er S P a C e n a r c M e h e

a k C r S a r New Braunfels co n s e R d e

y k iv F er or Seguin k Gonzales San Antonio

S a n d i es Cre ek G u a d a lu p e R iv er

0 20 Miles Victoria ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ >ĂŶĚsĂůƵĞ/ŶĚĞdž ,ŝŐŚsĂůƵĞ

>ŽǁsĂůƵĞ

&ŝŐƵƌĞϭ͘WĂƌĐĞůƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ>ĂŶĚsĂůƵĞ/ŶĚĞdžŽĨĞĂĐŚƉĂƌĐĞůŝŶƚŚĞWƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ͘

2019 7

Austin TOP PRIORITY PARCELS

Kerrville B la nc G o River ua dal P upe San Marcos lu River m S P a C e n r a e c M h e

k a C r S New Braunfels co a r s n e R d e

y k iv F er or Seguin k Gonzales San Antonio

S a n d i es Cre ek G u a d a lu p e R iv er

Victoria

0 20 Miles ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ Top Priority Parcels ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ

&ŝŐƵƌĞϮ͘dŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƉĂƌĐĞůƐĂƌĞƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ>ĂŶĚsĂůƵĞ/ŶĚĞdžƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŽƚĂůŝŶŐϭϬйŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͘ ϴ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌ

2019 9

INTRODUCTION ǁĞůůͲĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽ partnerships with private landowners, these myriad services upon which community health ƚŚĞŝƌǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŚĂǀĞĂůůŽǁĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ ŝƐďƵŝůƚ͘dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚŝƚƐƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ historic investments, basins in the Catskills, open lands while allowing the landowner to ďĂƐŝŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌ͕ŇŽŽĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů͕ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ^ŝĞƌƌĂƐ͕ĂƐĐĂĚĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĨŽŽƚŚŝůůƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĨĂƌŵŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐ͕ƚŚƵƐŵĞĞƟŶŐĂ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂůŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŶĂƚƵƌĂů to provide safe drinking water for millions of broader societal need. beauty.1ƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌŝƐĂ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƐƚŽƚŚŝƐĚĂLJ͘3 This same process is healthy body of water, capable of providing these currently occurring throughout the country ĐƟŽŶͲŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐƐƵĐŚ services. However, ongoing growth around the and even in our own backyard. The City of San as these must strike a balance between the I-35, I-10, and 281 highway corridors threatens ŶƚŽŶŝŽ͛ƐĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵ4 ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƚŽĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͛ƐĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞƐĞ ŝƐĂƉƌŝŵĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨǁĂƚĞƌͲĨŽĐƵƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ opportunity if they are to be successful. This vital services. Furthermore, the Texas Water in Texas and has led to more than 200,000 acres ƉƌŽũĞĐƚĂŝŵƐƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĂƌĚ;dtͿƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ being permanently conserved to date. Much of Water and the Environment and watershed ƐƚĞĂĚLJŐƌŽǁƚŚŽĨĐŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ ƚŚŝƐĂĐƌĞĂŐĞǁĂƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐďLJƚĂŬŝŶŐĂƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ͕ ĂƐŝŶǁŝůůŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞǁĂƚĞƌĚĞŵĂŶĚďLJϯϯйŽǀĞƌ procedural model5ƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞŽŶĞƵƟůŝnjĞĚŝŶ ƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ the next 50 years.2/ƚŝƐŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƚŚĂƚƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ this study. ŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͘dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƚŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂĚũƵƐƚĐŽƵƌƐĞďLJ ĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶŝƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƐLJƐƚĞŵƐƚŚĂƚƵƟůŝnjĞ tŝƚŚĂǁŝĚĞƌůĞŶƐ͕EĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƐĞƌǀĞĂƐĂŐƵŝĚĞƚŽĨƵƚƵƌĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚůŝǀĂďŝůŝƚLJ͘ ƌĞĂƐ;E&ƐͿƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƚŽ ŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘/ƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƐŝƚĞĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͕ dŚŝƐǁŝůůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĂĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚĂŶĚƉĞƌƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚdĞdžĂƐ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͕ŬŶŽǁŶĂŶĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐŝƚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ and the country. This ecologically-focused values, data analysis, and geographic modeling ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐƚŚŝƐŶĞĞĚďLJ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬƚĂƌŐĞƚƐĮƐŚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĂƌĞŇĞdžŝďůĞĂŶĚĂůůŽǁ delivering a data-based analysis of regional lands ĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĂŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƚŽŵŽǀĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌƌĞƉĞĂƚĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐƌĞƐƵůƚƐƚŽďĞ ĂŶĚŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƵƉŵŽƐƚ ĨƌŽŵĂƌĞĂĐƟǀĞƚŽĂƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚĂƐŶĞǁŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐŽŵĞƐƚŽůŝŐŚƚŽƌ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐĨŽƌŵŽƌĞĞĸĐŝĞŶƚƵƐĞŽĨĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů ĂƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ resources over the long-term. This work can ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚĨŽƌƵƐĞďLJ WƌŝŽƌŝƟnjŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝŶŐŬĞLJĂƌĞĂƐŽĨůĂŶĚ then be implemented through on-the-ground ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶŵĂŬĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ has precedence. Studies and historical accounts ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ĂƐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂ ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐĂƚƚŚĞůŽĐĂů͕ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů͕ĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞ ŚĂǀĞĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨ stakeholder process. levels. Its intended outcome is to assist water, ecological, and cultural resources serves stewards in applying their limited resources ĂƐĂĐŽƐƚͲĞīĞĐƟǀĞǁĂLJƚŽŵĞĞƚĂǁŝĚĞǀĂƌŝĞƚLJ For cultural resources, success has already ƚŽƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƌĞĂƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŝĐŚĞƐƚ ŽĨƐŽĐŝĞƚĂůŶĞĞĚƐ͘ƐĨĂƌďĂĐŬĂƐƚŚĞϭϴϬϬƐ͕ been demonstrated by federal and state farm ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞĂŶĚƚŽĐĂƚĂůLJnjĞŐƌĂƐƐƌŽŽƚƐ ĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐĐŝƟĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞh͘^͘ŵĂĚĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂů ĂŶĚƌĂŶĐŚůĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͘dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘ ϭϬ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

MENARD STUDY AREA AND CONTEXT MASON LLANO BURNET WILLIAMSON GRIMES SUTTON BURLESON KIMBLE MONTGOMERY Austin LEE GILLESPIE BLANCO TRAVIS WASHINGTON

KERR BASTROP KENDALL WALLER Kerrville G HAYS EDWARDS ua HARRIS dalu AUSTIN pe River San Marcos FAYETTE REAL COMAL CALDWELL Houston BANDERA New Braunfels GUADALUPE COLORADO FORT BEND Gonzales GALVESTON San Antonio GONZALES BEXAR LAVACA G KINNEY WHARTON UVALDE MEDINA u a d BRAZORIA a l WILSON u p e DEWITT R i ve JACKSON r MATAGORDA ATASCOSA ZAVALA FRIO KARNES MAVERICK Victoria VICTORIA

GOLIAD Matagorda CALHOUN DIMMIT Bay BEE REFUGIO San Antonio LA SALLE MCMULLEN Bay 0 30 Miles LIVE OAK ARANSAS ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ SAN PATRICIO hƌďĂŶƌĞĂƐ JIM Gulf of hƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ WELLS WEBB DUVAL Corpus Christi Mexico ĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ NUECES >ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ

&ŝŐƵƌĞϯ͘ŽŶƚĞdžƚŵĂƉŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͘

2019 11

GUADALUPE BASIN STUDY AREA dŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂĞdžƚĞŶĚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJƚŽƚŚĞĐŽĂƐƚĂŶĚŝƐĚĞĮŶĞĚ ĂůůŽǁƚŚĞůĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĂŶĚ͕ŝŶŵĂŶLJĐĂƐĞƐ͕ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ďLJƚŚĞŇŽǁŽĨǁĂƚĞƌŝŶƚŽĂŶĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ͘dŚĞ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ǁŚŝůĞƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞ northwest boundary of the study area begins at the headwaters of the ǀŝƚĂůŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽƵƌƐƚĂƚĞĚĞƉĞŶĚƐŽŶƐƵĐŚĂƐŇŽŽĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů͕ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͕ǁĞƐƚŽĨ<ĞƌƌǀŝůůĞ͘/ƚĞdžƚĞŶĚƐĞĂƐƚƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐŽĨ^ĂŶ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ĂŶĚĐůĞĂŶĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͘dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞ DĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŚƚŽǁĂƌĚƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐŽĨ^ĞŐƵŝŶ͕'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͕ ĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŬĞLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐďLJƉƌŝǀĂƚĞ ĂŶĚsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ͕ĞŶĚŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨDĞdžŝĐŽ͘dŚĞŵĂũŽƌƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐŽƌďLJƉƵďůŝĐĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͘/ŶŵĂŶLJĐĂƐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƌĞƚŚĞ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ͕ůĂŶĐŽ͕ĂŶĚŽŵĂůƌŝǀĞƌƐ͘DĂũŽƌ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƐĂŶĚƉĂƌŬƐĂůůŽǁĨŽƌƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŶĂƚƵƌĞĂůŽŶŐ ĐƌĞĞŬƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞ:ŽŚŶƐŽŶ͕'ĞƌŽŶŝŵŽ͕WůƵŵ͕WĞĂĐŚ͕^ĂŶĚŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŽůĞƚŽ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘EƵŵĞƌŽƵƐĐŝƚLJĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƉĂƌŬƐĂƌĞ ĐƌĞĞŬƐ͘ŽƵŶƟĞƐǁŝƚŚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂƌĞĂǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞ<Ğƌƌ͕<ĞŶĚĂůů͕ ƐĐĂƩĞƌĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͕ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐĂƐ ŽŵĂů͕,ĂLJƐ͕ĂůĚǁĞůů͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ͕'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͕ĞtŝƩ͕sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ͕ĂŶĚĂůŚŽƵŶ ǁĞůůĂƐŚĂďŝƚĂƚĨŽƌŇŽƌĂĂŶĚĨĂƵŶĂ͘ (Figure 3). &ƵƚƵƌĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬĐĂŶďĞŐƵŝĚĞĚďLJƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂƚĞŽŶĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽƵŶƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͘ EXISTING CONSERVATION LANDS dŚĞĐŽƵŶƚLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶŝƐ<Ğƌƌ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƚŽƚĂů ŽĨϭϵ͕ϯϳϬĂĐƌĞƐ͘KĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƟĞƐƚŚĂƚĨĂůůƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ƚŚĞ ƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJ͕ƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂŚĂƐϱϰ͕ϬϯϰĂĐƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐƉĂƌŬŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ ŽŶĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĞĂƐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶŝƐĞtŝƩ͕ǁŝƚŚϭϱϳĂĐƌĞƐ͘ ůĂŶĚƐͶĂĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐĨŽƌĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϭ͘ϰйŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͘dŚĞƐĞůĂŶĚƐ tŝůƐŽŶ͕>ĂǀĂĐĂ͕&ĂLJĞƩĞ͕ĂƐƚƌŽƉ͕'ŝůůĞƐƉŝĞ͕ĂŶĚĞƌĂ͕dƌĂǀŝƐ͕ĂŶĚ<ĂƌŶĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞƐĨŽƌƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͕ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƐ͕ƐƚĂƚĞƉĂƌŬƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŝǀĂƚĞůLJ ŽƵŶƟĞƐĨĂůůƉĂƌƟĂůůLJǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ďƵƚŚĂǀĞŶŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚǁŝƚŚŝŶ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚĂƌĞĂƐ͘DĂũŽƌŽǁŶĞƌƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚ͕ďĂƐĞĚŽŶĂĐƌĞĂŐĞ͕ ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘LJĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐǁŝƚŚĨĞĞƐŝŵƉůĞƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞƐ include the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), Texas State ĂŶĚůĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ƐƚĞǁĂƌĚƐŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽĨŽƌŵĂŶ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ^LJƐƚĞŵ͕ĂƚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĨŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞƐƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞĞīĞĐƚƐŽĨ ŝƚLJŽĨ<ĞƌƌǀŝůůĞ͕<ĞŶĚĂůůŽƵŶƚLJ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚ rapid suburban development and contribute invaluable ecosystem services ƚŚĞŝƚLJŽĨ^ĞŐƵŝŶ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞŚĞůĚŽŶ ƚŽƚŚĞŝƌƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞůLJŽǁŶĞĚůĂŶĚƐďLJƚŚĞEĂƚƵƌĞŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕ƚŚĞEĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ;EZ^Ϳ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌdƌƵƐƚ͕ƚŚĞdĞdžĂƐ Upper Basin >ĂŶĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͘ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϮϳ͕ϬϱϳĂĐƌĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϭϯĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚϭϯ͕ϴϮϲĂĐƌĞƐ͘>ĂŶĚƚƌƵƐƚƐ KĨƚŚĞŵĂŶLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞdĞdžĂƐ>ĂŶĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕dŚĞEĂƚƵƌĞ have become a powerful tool for bringing together willing landowners ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕ŝďŽůŽŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌdƌƵƐƚ͕'ƌĞĞŶ ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ͘KǀĞƌƚŚĞƉĂƐƚĨŽƵƌĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞ ^ƉĂĐĞƐůůŝĂŶĐĞŽĨ^ŽƵƚŚdĞdžĂƐ͕ĂŶĚ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚLJ>ĂŶĚdƌƵƐƚ͘ partnerships have resulted in over one million acres being put into ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶdĞdžĂƐ͘/ŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ^ƚŽǁĞƌƐZĂŶĐŚ͕ůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶ<ĞƌƌŽƵŶƚLJ͕ŝƐƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŵĂŬĞƵƉĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJŚĂůĨŽĨĂůůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚ͘ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐ easement in the basin (10,620 acres). The property includes 1.5 miles of ϭϮ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

Guadalupe riverfront, springs, as well as habitat for rare black-capped ǀŝƌĞŽƐ͕ŐŽůĚĞŶͲĐŚĞĞŬĞĚǁĂƌďůĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ͘dŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚǁĂƐĚŽŶĂƚĞĚŝŶϮϬϬϳďLJ'͘͘^ƚŽǁĞƌƐ͛ĚĞƐĐĞŶĚĂŶƚƐƚŽdŚĞ Nature Conservancy.6

ĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽ^ƚŽǁĞƌƐZĂŶĐŚŝƐƚŚĞϲ͕ϱϬϬͲĂĐƌĞ<ĞƌƌtŝůĚůŝĨĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƌĞĂĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚďLJdWtŝŶϭϵϱϬ͘dŚŝƐĂƌĞĂŝƐƵƐĞĚƚŽƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ͕ ĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞǁŝůĚůŝĨĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ͘dWtƵƐĞƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐĂƌĞĂƚŽ advise resource managers, landowners, and other interested groups or ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐŽŶďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĨŽƌǁŝůĚůŝĨĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘

>ŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶ<ĞŶĚĂůůĂŶĚŽŵĂůĐŽƵŶƟĞƐ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬ ŝƐƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐƐƚĂƚĞƉĂƌŬŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͕ǁŝƚŚϭ͕ϵϰϬĂĐƌĞƐŽĨ ůĂŶĚŝŶĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘/ƚůŝĞƐĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽ,ŽŶĞLJƌĞĞŬ^ƚĂƚĞEĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞĂ͕ which increases the combined conserved area to 4,200 acres. Guadalupe ZŝǀĞƌ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬǁĂƐƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚĨƌŽŵƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŽǁŶĞƌƐŝŶϭϵϳϱĂŶĚƐĞƌǀĞƐĂƐ habitat for diverse wildlife including raccoons, white-tailed deer, golden- cheeked warblers, and many migratory birds.

Central Basin dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϮϬ͕ϮϮϵĂĐƌĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϭϱĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐŽǀĞƌϲ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐ͘>ĂŶĚƚƌƵƐƚƐĂĐƟǀĞŝŶ ƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞdĞdžĂƐ>ĂŶĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕dŚĞEĂƚƵƌĞŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕ ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚLJ>ĂŶĚdƌƵƐƚ͕,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJŽŶƐĞƌǀĂŶĐLJ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞtŝŵďĞƌůĞLJsĂůůĞLJ tĂƚĞƌƐŚĞĚƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͘

dŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚŝƐϮ͕ϮϯϵĂĐƌĞƐŝŶ,ĂLJƐŽƵŶƚLJ͘/ƚŝƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶĂƌĞĂƐ ĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞƐŚŽƌĞƐŽĨƚŚĞůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌ͘dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚůĂƌŐĞƐƚĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚŝƐϭ͕ϰϬϭ acres in Comal County. This property protects valuable riparian areas along ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚůĂƌŐĞĂƌĞĂƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚĂƐƉƌŝŵĞĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚƐŽŝůƐ͘

&ƌĞĞŵĂŶZĂŶĐŚ͕ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚďLJƚŚĞdĞdžĂƐ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ŝƐ comprised of over 3,000 acres. The land is intended for farm, ranch, game ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů͕ĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŝƐŚŽŵĞƚŽƚŚĞ dĞdžĂƐ^ƚĂƚĞ&ŽƌĞŶƐŝĐŶƚŚƌŽƉŽůŽŐLJZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ&ĂĐŝůŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂůĂŶĚ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĨĂƌŵĚĞǀŽƚĞĚƚŽƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘dŚĞĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐƵƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐ dŚĞ<ĞƌƌtŝůĚůŝĨĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƌĞĂƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŚĂďŝƚĂƚĨŽƌŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐďŝƌĚƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ 7 ƚŚĞ'ŽůĚĞŶͲĐŚĞĞŬĞĚtĂƌďůĞƌ͘WŚŽƚŽďLJĞƫŶĂƌƌŝŐŽŶŝ;>ŝĐĞŶƐĞ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĐƌĞĂƟǀĞĐŽŵŵŽŶƐ͘ŽƌŐͬ ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚLJŚĂƐƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶŶĞĂƌůLJϲϬĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ůŝĐĞŶƐĞƐͬďLJͬϮ͘ϬͬůĞŐĂůĐŽĚĞͿ 2019 13

^ƉƌŝŶŐ>ĂŬĞWƌĞƐĞƌǀĞŝƐĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŶŽƚĞǁŽƌƚŚLJŐƌĞĞŶƐƉĂĐĞŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶͶ ŵŝůĞƐŽĨƐŚŽƌĞůŝŶĞ͘ŽŵŵŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƚƚŚĞƉĂƌŬŝŶĐůƵĚĞĮƐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚ ŶŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůLJĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐƐŝnjĞ;ŝƚ͛ƐϮϱϭĂĐƌĞƐͿ͕ďƵƚĚƵĞƚŽŝƚƐƉƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽ hiking.12 ^ƉƌŝŶŐ>ĂŬĞ͕ƚŚĞŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌ͘8 This preserve is also ǀŝƐŝƚĞĚďLJ'ŽůĚĞŶͲĐŚĞĞŬĞĚtĂƌďůĞƌƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŶĞƐƚŝŶƚŚĞƐŚĞũƵŶŝƉĞƌĂŶĚ ŽĂŬĨŽƵŶĚŽŶƐŝƚĞ͘/ŶĂŶĞīŽƌƚƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞƐĞƌĂƌĞďŝƌĚƐ͕ƐŽŵĞƚƌĂŝůƐŝŶƚŚĞ ECOLOGY vicinity are closed every spring.8 Several archeological digs have taken place ĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐŐƌĞĂƚůLJŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐ͛ƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶƚŚĞ Ecoregions ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚŚĂƐLJŝĞůĚĞĚĂƌƟĨĂĐƚƐĚĂƟŶŐďĂĐŬϭϯ͕ϱϬϬLJĞĂƌƐ͘9 dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌƚƌĂǀĞůƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵƵůƟƉůĞĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝƚƐ ŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨDĞdžŝĐŽ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϰͿ͘ůŽŶŐƚŚŝƐƉĂƚŚ͕ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ͕ KǀĞƌĂůůƚŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽƚĂŐƌĞĂƚĚĞĂůŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ ƐŽŝůƚLJƉĞ͕ƐŽŝůĚĞƉƚŚ͕ĂŶĚƌĂŝŶĨĂůůǀĂƌLJǁŝĚĞůLJ͘ŶŶƵĂůƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ ǁŚĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽĐŽƵŶƟĞƐďŽƚŚŶŽƌƚŚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŚŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ ĂďŽƵƚϯϬŝŶĐŚĞƐǁĞƐƚŽĨ<ĞƌƌǀŝůůĞĂŶĚĞdžĐĞĞĚƐϰϬŝŶĐŚĞƐŶĞĂƌƚŚĞŵŽƵƚŚ ǁŚĞƌĞŵĂũŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐŚĂǀĞĂůƌĞĂĚLJůĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ ŽĨƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌ͘dŚĞĂůĐŽŶĞƐƐĐĂƌƉŵĞŶƚĚŝǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶŝŶƚŽ ŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐŽĨƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨĂĐƌĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞ͘ the Edwards Plateau to the west and the prairies and plains to the east. ^ŝŶĐĞϭϵϵϮ͕dƌĂǀŝƐ͕ĞdžĂƌ͕,ĂLJƐ͕ĂŶĚ<ĞŶĚĂůůŽƵŶƟĞƐŚĂǀĞĞĂĐŚƉĂƐƐĞĚ WŽƌƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶŝŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐWůĂƚĞĂƵŚĂǀĞĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶƐĞdžĐĞĞĚŝŶŐ ďĂůůŽƚŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐĚĞĚŝĐĂƟŶŐŵŽŶĞLJƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŽŵĂůŽƵŶƚLJ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬĨĞĞƚ͘dŚŝŶƐŽŝůƐ͕ŽŌĞŶůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϭϬŝŶĐŚĞƐĚĞĞƉ͕ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂĐŽŵƉůĞdž ŚĂƐŶŽƚ͘KǀĞƌΨϯϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞďŽŶĚĨƵŶĚƐĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚďLJ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ ŽĨƐĂǀĂŶŶĂŚƉůĂŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚďLJŽĂŬĂŶĚũƵŶŝƉĞƌ͘ĚũĂĐĞŶƚ ǀŽƚĞƌƐŚĂǀĞĂůƌĞĂĚLJŐŽŶĞƚŽǁĂƌĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐůĂŶĚƐŝŶĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ ĂŶĚĞĂƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĞƐĐĂƌƉŵĞŶƚŝƐƚŚĞůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞǁŝƚŚĚĞĞƉ͕ĨĞƌƟůĞ͕ ŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐĂŶĚZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞƐŝŶĞdžĂƌ͕DĞĚŝŶĂ͕hǀĂůĚĞ͕ĂŶĚĞƌĂ͕ĂŶĚ ZĞĂůŽƵŶƟĞƐ͘10LJďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůĂŶĚƐŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƋƵŝĨĞƌ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞŐƌĞĂƚůLJĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ͘ Austin ECOREGIONS

Kerrville Lower Basin dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϲ͕ϳϰϴĂĐƌĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ San Marcos includes 3 easements that protect 4,249 acres. The region only has one New Braunfels ĂĐƟǀĞůĂŶĚƚƌƵƐƚͶWŝŶĞƐĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞƐ>ĂŶĚdƌƵƐƚ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ƉƵďůŝĐůLJ Seguin ŽǁŶĞĚƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĨŽƌϳϭϲĂĐƌĞƐĂŶĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞWĂůŵĞƩŽ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬ Gonzales ĂŶĚŽůĞƚŽƌĞĞŬWĂƌŬΘ&ŝĞůĚƐ͘ San Antonio

WĂůŵĞƩŽ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬ͕ŽƉĞŶĞĚŝŶϭϵϯϲďLJdWt͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƐϮϰϲĂĐƌĞƐŽĨWŽƐƚ KĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚŝŶ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐŽƵŶƚLJ͘dŚĞƉĂƌŬĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶ 0 20 Miles ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ĂƌĞĂƐƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ƌƵŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉĂƌŬ͕ĂŶĚKdžďŽǁ>ĂŬĞ͘&ůŽƌĂĂŶĚĨĂƵŶĂŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚǁĂƌĨ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ Victoria ƉĂůŵĞƩŽ͕ƌĞĚďƵĐŬĞLJĞ͕ĂŶĚŽǀĞƌϮϰϬƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨďŝƌĚƐ͘11 Edwards Plateau ůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞ WŽƐƚKĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚ ŽůĞƚŽƌĞĞŬWĂƌŬΘ&ŝĞůĚƐĂƌĞŽǁŶĞĚďLJƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌ Western Gulf Coastal Plain ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJĂŶĚĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĨŽƌĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϰϳϬĂĐƌĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚƐ ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ ŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͘dŚĞƉĂƌŬĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĂƌĞƐĞƌǀŽŝƌǁŚŝĐŚ͕ĂƚŶŽƌŵĂůƉŽŽů &ŝŐƵƌĞϰ͘ĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͘DĂƉƉĞĚďĂƐĞĚŽŶW>ĞǀĞů/// ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ͕ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐϯ͕ϭϬϬƐƵƌĨĂĐĞĂĐƌĞƐŽĨǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŝƐďŽƌĚĞƌĞĚďLJϲϭ Ecoregions. ϭϰ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ dark alkaline clay soil that historically supported ƚŚĞh͘^͘&ŝƐŚΘtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞĂŶĚdĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐΘ an expansive tall grass prairie that included The eastern edge of the Wildlife Department that live in the San Marcos ďŝŐďůƵĞƐƚĞŵ͕ůŝƩůĞďůƵĞƐƚĞŵ͕ĂŶĚ/ŶĚŝĂŶŐƌĂƐƐ͘ (GZDUGV3ODWHDXLVÀOOHG ƌĞŐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ͕^ƉƌŝŶŐ>ĂŬĞ͕ĂŶĚ &ĂƌƚŚĞƌĞĂƐƚŝƐƚŚĞWŽƐƚKĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐ ƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌĨŽƵƌŵŝůĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌ͘14 ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJƌŽůůŝŶŐ͕ůŝŐŚƚĐŽůŽƌĞĚ͕ƐůŝŐŚƚůLJ with abundant springs and These species include the Comal Spring Dryopid ĂĐŝĚŝĐ͕ƐĂŶĚLJƐŽŝůƐƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŵŽƩĞƐŽĨƉŽƐƚ supports a large number ĞĞƚůĞ͕WĞĐŬ͛ƐĂǀĞŵƉŚŝƉŽĚ͕^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ oaks and savannahs of bunch grasses. The river 'ĂŵďƵƐŝĂ͕ŽŵĂů^ƉƌŝŶŐƐZŝŋĞĞĞƚůĞ͕&ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶ ƚŚĞŶŇŽǁƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ƵůĨŽĂƐƚĂůWůĂŝŶ of rare plant and animal ĂƌƚĞƌ͕^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ^ĂůĂŵĂŶĚĞƌ͕dĞdžĂƐůŝŶĚ where the river estuary turns to marsh. species. ^ĂůĂŵĂŶĚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚdĞdžĂƐtŝůĚZŝĐĞ͘14ƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ in many of their names, all of these species are Flora and Wildlife ůŽŶŐƚŚĞďĂŶŬƐŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJ͛ƐƌŝǀĞƌƐ͕ endemic to Central Texas. The Fountain Darter dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐŵĂŶLJƉůĂŶƚĂŶĚ ƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƐŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞŽĂƐĞƐĨŽƌ ĮƐŚĂŶĚŽŵĂůZŝŋĞĞĞƚůĞ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ĂƌĞ ĂŶŝŵĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƵŶŝƋƵĞůLJĂĚĂƉƚĞĚƚŽŝƚƐ swimming and play. These forests include tree ĨŽƵŶĚŽŶůLJŝŶƚŚĞŽŵĂůĂŶĚ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌƐ͘ varied ecoregions. These species, along with species such as cedar elm, bur oak, sycamore, The Fountain Darter lives amidst the rare and other generalist species, work together to form ĂŶĚďĂůĚĐLJƉƌĞƐƐ͖ǁŚŝůĞĚƌŝĞƌƵƉůĂŶĚĂƌĞĂƐ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐdĞdžĂƐtŝůĚZŝĐĞďĞĚƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŐƌŽǁ an integrated web of biodiversity that sustains ŵŽƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶůLJƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐŚĞũƵŶŝƉĞƌ͕dĞdžĂƐ ƵŶĚĞƌǁĂƚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐƉƌŝŶŐͲĨĞĚƌŝǀĞƌƐ͘ŽƚŚƚŚĞ the living systems of the basin. Many of these persimmon, and mountain laurel. In the rocky &ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĂƌƚĞƌĂŶĚdĞdžĂƐtŝůĚZŝĐĞĂƌĞŽŶƚŚĞ 15,16 ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂƌĞĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĚĂƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ravines of the basin, canyon forests dominate federal list of endangered species. ĂŶĚǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚĂƌĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJƐŚĞũƵŶŝƉĞƌ͕dĞdžĂƐ process. oak, Texas ash, and cedar elm.13ĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞ dŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂƐƚƌŝƉŽĨ ŵƵůƟƚƵĚĞŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƚŽƚŚĞ,ŝůů ůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞƌƵŶŶŝŶŐĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞĞĂƐƚĞƌŶ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ Country, many of which thrive around the seeps ĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞ/ͲϯϱĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ͘/ƚ͛ƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚ The Edwards Plateau, the iconic ecoregion of and springs that originate here, healthy riparian ĂŚĞĂůƚŚLJůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐŽǀĞƌϱϬϬ ƚŚĞdĞdžĂƐ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ĐŽǀĞƌƐƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞhƉƉĞƌ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚŝŶƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJŝƐƵŶŝƋƵĞůLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ species of plants and animals with complex 17 ĂƐŝŶĂŶĚŝƐŚŽŵĞƚŽŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭϬϬŽĨdĞdžĂƐ͛ interdependencies. dŚĞƐĞĚĞĞƉ͕ĨĞƌƟůĞƐŽŝůƐ͕ threatened plant species. Protected valleys ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐŽĨƚŚĞůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞ͕ŵĂĚĞ ƐŚĞůƚĞƌŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨdĞdžĂƐŵĂĚƌŽŶĞ͕ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ ŝƚĂƉƌŝŵĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ dĞdžĂƐƐŵŽŬĞƚƌĞĞ͕ǁŝƚĐŚŚĂnjĞů͕ĂŶĚďŝŐͲƚŽŽƚŚ dŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶĂƌLJnjŽŶĞ homesteaders from across the US to farm its ŵĂƉůĞƐ͖ǁŚŝůĞƌŝǀĞƌĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐĂƌĞůŝŶĞĚǁŝƚŚďĂůĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐWůĂƚĞĂƵĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂĐŬůĂŶĚ ƐŽŝůƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ǁŝƚŚŽǀĞƌϵϵйŽĨůĂĐŬůĂŶĚ cypress, pecan, hackberry, and sycamore. This Prairie. The eastern edge of the Edwards Plateau Prairie being converted to development region is host to some of the most spectacular ŝƐĮůůĞĚǁŝƚŚĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚƐƉƌŝŶŐƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂ or agriculture, this ecosystem is at risk of 18 ǁŝůĚŇŽǁĞƌďůŽŽŵƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞ͕ĨĞĂƚƵƌŝŶŐ large number of rare plant and animal species. disappearing completely. bluebonnets, Indian paintbrush, gaillardia, and Some of these areas, like the massive upwelling ŐŽůĚĞŶǁĂǀĞƚŽŶĂŵĞĂĨĞǁ͘dŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ of springs at the headwaters of the Comal and ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ is also home to the Golden-cheeked Warbler, ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌƐ͕ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƵŶŝƋƵĞƉůĂŶƚĂŶĚ dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌŇŽǁƐƐŽƵƚŚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ ǁŚŝĐŚďƵŝůĚƐŝƚƐŶĞƐƚƐĨƌŽŵŽůĚͲŐƌŽǁƚŚƐŚĞ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĐŽͲĞǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶ >ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶďĞĨŽƌĞĞŵƉƚLJŝŶŐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^ĂŶ ũƵŶŝƉĞƌƚƌĞĞƐ͘ ƚŚĞƐĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĞŝŐŚƚŬŶŽǁŶ ŶƚŽŶŝŽĂLJĂŶĚ'ƵůĨŽĨDĞdžŝĐŽ͘ůŽŶŐŝƚƐ species listed as endangered or threatened by ǁĂLJ͕ŝƚƉĂƐƐĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞWŽƐƚKĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚ͕ 2019 15

ůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞ͕ĂŶĚtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ƵůĨŽĂƐƚĂů species such as muskrat, mink, gulls, terns, and ƚŚĞ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽĂLJ͘ƐŽĨϭϵϰϭ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞŽŶůLJ WůĂŝŶƐĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ͘dŚĞWŽƐƚKĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚŝƐ pelicans.20 15 remaining in the world.21 However, over many ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJƉĂƚĐŚĞƐŽĨŽĂŬǁŽŽĚůĂŶĚ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞǁŝůĚǁŚŽŽƉŝŶŐĐƌĂŶĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ interspersed amongst grasslands. Post, bur, ƐƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌůĞĂǀĞƐƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ has increased due to a concerted breeding ďůĂĐŬũĂĐŬ͕ĐŚŝŶŬĂƉŝŶ͕ĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶƌĞĚŽĂŬƐĂƌĞ 'ƵůĨŽĂƐƚĂůWůĂŝŶƐ͕ŝƚĞŵƉƟĞƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^ĂŶ ĞīŽƌƚĂŝĚĞĚďLJďŽƚŚŚƵŵĂŶŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶĂŶĚ common in this ecoregion, where wild turkeys ŶƚŽŶŝŽĂLJ͕ĂŶĚƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨ ůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞŽĨdĞdžĂƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽ feed on their acorns.19 In the southernmost DĞdžŝĐŽ͘&ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌŝŶŇŽǁƚŽƚŚŝƐďĂLJŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂůůLJ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌďŽƚŚǁĂƚĞƌŇŽǁĂŶĚĞƐƚƵĂƌLJŚĞĂůƚŚŝŶ ƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͕ƚŚĞĐŽĂƐƚĂůƉůĂŝŶƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚŝƐĂƋƵĂƟĐŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ĂƚƚŚĞĨĂƌ order to maintain this vital habitat.22 ŚĂǀĞŶŽƚĂďůLJŵŽƌĞĂŶŶƵĂůƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƟŽŶƚŚĂŶ ĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ŽƚŚĞƌĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͘dŚĞ ĂĐƌĂďƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƵƉŽŶǁŚŝĐŚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚ Biodiversity in the Guadalupe River Western Gulf Coastal Plains ecoregion supports endangered bird species in the world, the ǁŚŽŽƉŝŶŐĐƌĂŶĞ͕ĨĞĞĚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŵĂũĞƐƟĐĐƌĂŶĞƐ ĂǁŝĚĞǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶͶƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƌĞĚ dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ chokecherry to Texas madrone—and animal ǁŝŶƚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞƌĂŶƐĂƐEĂƟŽŶĂůtŝůĚůŝĨĞZĞĨƵŐĞŝŶ Within the greater context of conserving and dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐ͘WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJdŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌΞϮϬϭϴ͕:ĞŶŶŝĨĞƌ/ĚŽů͘ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐŚĂďŝƚĂƚĨŽƌǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͕ƚŚŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞƐƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ suitable habitat for Guadalupe bass (Micropterus treculiiͿĂƐĂĨŽĐĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐŝƐĂŶĞŶĚĞŵŝĐĮƐŚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ found only in streams of the Edwards Plateau ecoregion.

ƐĂŶĂƉĞdžƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌ͕ƚŚĞLJƐĞƌǀĞĂǀŝƚĂůĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƌŽůĞŝŶƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐƉƌĞLJƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐĞŶĞƟĐŚĞĂůƚŚďLJƌĞŵŽǀŝŶŐǁĞĂŬ individuals.23,24 Species that the Guadalupe ĂƐƐƉƌĞLJƐƵƉŽŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƉŚĞŵĞƌŽƉƚĞƌĂ͕ DĞŐĂůŽƉƚĞƌĂ͕ĐƌĂLJĮƐŚ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĮƐŚ͘25,26ŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ƉŚĞŵĞƌŽƉƚĞƌĂ;ŵĂLJŇŝĞƐͿ͕ DĞŐĂůŽƉƚĞƌĂ;ůĂĐĞǁŝŶŐƐͿ͕ĂŶĚĐƌĂLJĮƐŚĂƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJǁĞůůͲŬŶŽǁŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƌĂŶŐĞĨƌŽŵŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJƚŽƌĞĐLJĐůŝŶŐŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐƚŽƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ as important food sources for numerous other species.27–29LJƌĞŐƵůĂƟŶŐƚŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ Guadalupe bass increase the resiliency of the ecosystems in which they are found. Many gaps in knowledge remain regarding the full ďƌĞĂĚƚŚŽĨƚŚĞĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐŵĂĚĞ ϭϲ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ by Guadalupe bass and much more is yet to be EĂƚŝǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶƌĞĂƐ ĨŽƌĮƐŚ͕ďŝƌĚƐ͕ĂŶĚƌĂĐŽŽŶƐ͘33DĂũŽƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽ discovered. ŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƚŚĂƚďĞŶĞĮƚƐďŽƚŚƚŚĞ ĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌŵƵƐƐĞůƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͕ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚĚƌŽƵŐŚƚ͘32 Culturally, Guadalupe bass are important due to ĂƌĞEĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐ;E&ƐͿ͕Ă ƚŚĞŝƌƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂƐƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞĮƐŚŽĨdĞdžĂƐĂŶĚĂƐĂ dWtŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘E&ƐĂƌĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ;ƚĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů dWt^ƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨ'ƌĞĂƚĞƐƚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶEĞĞĚ͘ ŽƌĂƋƵĂƟĐͿƚŚĂƚĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞůLJƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͗;ϭͿƚŚĞ WATER IN THE BASIN &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ĂůŵŽƐƚŚĂůĨŽĨĂůůĂŶŐůĞƌƐ͕ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ maintenance of processes that create habitat ƚŽƚŚĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚΨϳϭŵŝůůŝŽŶͬLJĞĂƌŝŶǀĂůƵĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞdžŝƚLJ͖;ϮͿƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĂůůůŝĨĞƐƚĂŐĞƐŽĨ /ŶĂϮϬϭϵƐƚƵĚLJƟƚůĞĚ͕,ŽǁDƵĐŚtĂƚĞƌŝƐŝŶƚŚĞ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶŐůŝŶŐŝŶĞŶƚƌĂů ƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͖;ϯͿƚŚĞůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵƉĞƌƐŝƐƚĞŶĐĞ Guadalupe?,34 ƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ Texas, target this species. ŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͖ĂŶĚ;ϰͿĂĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌ ƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟǀĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ŝŵƉƌŽƉĞƌ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ͘31 Individual management, and incomplete knowledge were ĞƚǁĞĞŶϭϵϳϬĂŶĚϮϬϬϬ͕ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚƚŚĂƚ E&ƵŶŝƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŵƉŽƐĞĚŽĨŚŝŐŚǀĂůƵĞƐƚƌĞĂŵ ŬĞLJƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͛ƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ ƚŚŝƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁĂƐĞdžƟƌƉĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƉŽƌƟŽŶƐŽĨŝƚƐ ƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͘ prosperity. These water uses alter the hydrology ŶĂƟǀĞƌĂŶŐĞĚƵĞƚŽƐƚƌĞĂŵŚĂďŝƚĂƚĂůƚĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ dŚĞƐĞE&ƵŶŝƚƐĐĂŶƐĞƌǀĞĂƐƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŽĨƚŚĞĂƐŝŶ͕ĂŶĚŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĞ ŚLJďƌŝĚŝnjĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŶŽŶͲŶĂƟǀĞ͕ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ďůŽĐŬƐŽĨĂĐŽŚĞƐŝǀĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂĐƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ͕ƐƉƌŝŶŐŇŽǁƐ͕ĂŶĚ 30 smallmouth bass. However, over the past two ĨŽƌƐĞƚƐŽĨŶĂƟǀĞĮƐŚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͚͛ƐƚƌŽŶŐŚŽůĚƐ͛͘ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŇŽǁƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐŝŶ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͕dWtŚĂƐŵĂĚĞĂĐŽŶĐĞƌƚĞĚĞīŽƌƚƚŽ dŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞLJĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŝŵƉĞƌǀŝŽƵƐĐŽǀĞƌĂŶĚůĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶŇŽŽĚͲ restore the Guadalupe bass by stocking nearly ĂĐƟŽŶďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂƐƉĂƟĂůͲĂŶĚĂƐƐĞŵďůĂŐĞͲ ƉƌŽŶĞĂƌĞĂƐĞƐĐĂůĂƚĞŇŽŽĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐ one million individuals of this species in the ďĂƐĞĚĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƐĞǀĞƌŝƚLJŽĨŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ͘ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶĂŶĚƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐŝƚƐŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘31 ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͘ƵĞƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĞīŽƌƚƐ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐ /ŶLJĞĂƌƐƚŽĐŽŵĞ͕ƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJ͛ƐƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚ ŚĂƐƌĞƚƵƌŶĞĚƚŽƉĂƌƚƐŽĨŝƚƐŶĂƟǀĞƌĂŶŐĞ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞ Freshwater Mussels ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJǁŝůůďĞĂƉƌŝŵĂƌLJůŝŵŝƟŶŐĨĂĐƚŽƌĨŽƌ ĨĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐŝƐƐƟůůƚĞŶƵŽƵƐ͘ dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌŝƐŚŽŵĞƚŽĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ development and long-term economic prosperity freshwater mussel species, some of which are in Central Texas. Furthermore, demand on water, dŽĚĂLJ͕ƚŚĞdWtĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ threatened—including the Guadalupe orb, for drinking as well as for other uses, is predicted ƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨĂϭϬͲLJĞĂƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ Guadalupe fatmucket, and false spike. Not ƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĂƐƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ͘/ĨŬĞƉƚ 30 plan for the species. dŚŝƐƉůĂŶŽīĞƌƐĂ only are mussels the most globally threatened in good health and managed responsibly, the ǁĞůůͲĚĞĮŶĞĚĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ freshwater organism, but they also perform 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͛ƐƐƵƌĨĂĐĞĂŶĚŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌƐ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ͕ǁŝƚŚĂŵĂũŽƌŐŽĂůŽĨƌĞƐƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŝŶǀĂůƵĂďůĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĂƋƵĂƟĐŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ͘32 can serve as sustainable, complementary water ŶĂƟǀĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞ Mussels are considered “ecosystem engineers” sources. To achieve this end, new policies and 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶŝƐĂƉƌŝŵĂƌLJŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞLJŵŽĚŝĨLJƚŚĞŝƌĂƋƵĂƟĐŚĂďŝƚĂƚďLJ site monitoring should acknowledge the impacts unit in the plan, which is used by TPWD to guide ĮůƚĞƌŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐŝƚŵŽƌĞƐƵŝƚĂďůĞĨŽƌ of ground water pumping,35 impermeable ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐŝŶ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐƌĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ themselves and others. They feed on organic surface expansion,36 and increased water ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞ>ĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌ material in the water, thus building their body ŶŝƚƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘37,38 /ŶĐĞŶƟǀĞWƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕dĞdžĂƐ&ĂƌŵĂŶĚZĂŶĐŚ>ĂŶĚƐ ĂŶĚƐŚĞůůĂŶĚĞdžĐƌĞƟŶŐŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞZŝǀĞƌĐĐĞƐƐĂŶĚ available for other plants and animals. Even Springs ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐWƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘ ĂŌĞƌĂŵƵƐƐĞůĚŝĞƐ͕ŝƚƐƐŚĞůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽĂĐƚĂƐĂ ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌĂƌĞĂ substrate for algae and insect larvae and as food ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŽƌƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͛Ɛ 2019 17

ŇŽǁĂŶĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞŽŵĂů^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ͕^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐƵƌĨĂĐĞǁĂƚĞƌĨŽƌĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐĨƌŽŵ>ĂŬĞ ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ͕,ƵĞĐŽ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ͕WůĞĂƐĂŶƚsĂůůĞLJ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ͕ Dunlap, an impoundment on the Guadalupe Due to the availability of ĂŶĚ:ĂĐŽď͛ƐtĞůů͘dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌ ZŝǀĞƌ͘dŚĞƐĞƐĂŵĞĐŝƟĞƐĂůƐŽƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚ a clean, alternate water ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚŝŶϮϬϭϵƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƚǁŽůĂƌŐĞƐƚ ƐƵƌĨĂĐĞǁĂƚĞƌǁŝƚŚĂƋƵŝĨĞƌŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌ͘42–44 springs—the Comal and San Marcos—discharge In San Marcos, the standard city water supply source and redundancy 205,607 and 127,418 acre-feet of water per is a mixture of 80% surface water and 20% planning, these towns were LJĞĂƌ͕ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ͕ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͕ groundwater. When a dam failed in May 2019 ĂĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐĨŽƌĂďŽƵƚϮϱйŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ͛Ɛ ĂŶĚĚƌĂŝŶĞĚ>ĂŬĞƵŶůĂƉ͕^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚ<LJůĞ able to sustain themselves ƚŽƚĂůŇŽǁ͘39 However, during periods of drought, ƌĞůŝĞĚĞŶƟƌĞůLJŽŶŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐ on aquifer water for ƚŚŝƐďĂůĂŶĐĞƐŚŝŌƐ͘/ŶĂϭϵϵϲĚƌŽƵŐŚƚ͕ƚŚĞƐƉƌŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚdƌŝŶŝƚLJƋƵŝĨĞƌƐ͘45 Due to the availability of multiple days. ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĞĚĨŽƌϳϬйŽĨƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌŇŽǁƚŚĂƚƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ a clean, alternate water source and redundancy sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ͘40dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌŝƚƐĞůĨĚŝƐĐŚĂƌŐĞƐ planning, these towns were able to sustain 1.53 million acre-feet of water per year, as ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŽŶĂƋƵŝĨĞƌǁĂƚĞƌĨŽƌŵƵůƟƉůĞĚĂLJƐ͘ various ecosystems, known as environmental ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂŐĂƵŐĞ͘ dŚĞĚĂŵĨĂŝůƵƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ŇŽǁ͘ŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨƚŚŝƐĐĂŶďĞƐĞĞŶĂůŽŶŐ response highlights how resiliency can be ƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĂƐƚ͘/ŶƐƉŝƚĞŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚ Drinking Water Supplies enhanced by waterwise resource planning and ĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶĐŝƟĞƐĞŶĂĐƚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐĚƌŽƵŐŚƚ tĂƚĞƌŇŽǁŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶŝƐŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůLJ ƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞŚĞĂůƚŚLJǁĂƚĞƌƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐĨŽƌtŚŽŽƉŝŶŐƌĂŶĞ important as the drinking water supply for the ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĐŽŶƟŶƵĂůůLJĂƐƐĞƌƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŝƐ ďĂƐŝŶ͛Ɛϲϯϯ͕ϬϬϬƉůƵƐƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͘41 Fast-growing Environmental Flows ŝŶƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚŇŽǁƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞĞƐƚƵĂƌLJǁŚĞƌĞ ƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐͶƐƵĐŚĂƐ<LJůĞ͕^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ͕ĂŶĚ džƚƌĂĐƟŶŐǁĂƚĞƌĨƌŽŵƌŝǀĞƌƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶŚĂǀĞ the cranes winter healthy.46ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ƚǁŽ EĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐͶƉůĂĐĞƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞŽŶƚŚĞŝƌǁĂƚĞƌ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐŶĞŐĂƟǀĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶǁŝůĚůŝĨĞďLJ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨĐůĂŵ;'ĞŶƵƐ͗ZĂŶŐŝĂ) live in the ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐďLJĂůůŽĐĂƟŶŐǁĂƚĞƌƌŝŐŚƚƐƉĞƌŵŝƚƐĂŶĚ ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌŇŽǁŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽƐƵƐƚĂŝŶ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͛ƐĞƐƚƵĂƌLJƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘47 These clams ƉƌĞĨĞƌƐŽŌƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĂƌĞŶŽŶͲƐĞůĞĐƟǀĞ ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌƐƉƌŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞŐƌĞĂƚůLJƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͛ƐŇŽǁ͘ ĮůƚĞƌĨĞĞĚĞƌƐ͘>ŽǁĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌŝŶŇŽǁŚĂƐďĞĞŶ WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨdŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌΞϮϬϭϴ͕:ĞŶŶŝĨĞƌ/ĚŽů͘ ƐŚŽǁŶƚŽĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĚĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĐŽŵƉĂĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ erosion.47dŚŝƐĐĂŶŚĂǀĞŶĞŐĂƟǀĞĞīĞĐƚƐŽŶ ƚŚĞĐůĂŵƐ͛ĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽĨĞĞĚ͘/ŶŚĞĂůƚŚLJƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ƚŚĞƐĞĐůĂŵƐƌĞŵŽǀĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌ͕ which greatly improves the water clarity and ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐǁŚŝĐŚĂƋƵĂƟĐŇŽƌĂĂŶĚĨĂƵŶĂĐĂŶ ŇŽƵƌŝƐŚ͘dŚĞĐůĂŵƐ͛ƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐŚŽǁŶ ƚŽŚĂǀĞĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƉŚLJƚŽƉůĂŶŬƚŽŶ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂLJĂŶĚĐŽƵůĚďĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŝŶĂŵĞůŝŽƌĂƟŶŐƚŚĞŶĞŐĂƟǀĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨĞƵƚƌŽƉŚŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂĐŽŵŵŽŶƐŝĚĞͲĞīĞĐƚŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͘47ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚ ƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚĨŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝŶŐƉƌĞĐŝƐĞŝŶŇŽǁ ϭϴ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

ĂŶĚŽƵƞůŽǁƌĂƚĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶ͘dŚĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞŽĨ ensuring the stability of its ecological health.34 ƐƚĞǁĂƌĚƐŚŝƉƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŽŶĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ Tens of thousands of Paleo- ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƐƚĂďŝůŝnjĞĚƐŽŝůƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶ Indian artifacts have been Flooding ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚŝŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞĚƌƵŶŽī͘dŚĞƐĞ dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĐƚƐĂƉĂƌƚŽĨ ĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵďĞŶĞĮƚƐĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƚŽƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ discovered in Spring Lake, ĞŶƚƌĂůdĞdžĂƐŬŶŽǁŶĂƐ&ůĂƐŚ&ůŽŽĚůůĞLJ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐ ǁĂƚĞƌƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĐŽƐƚƐ͕ŵŝŶŝŵŝnjĞĚƉĞĂŬŇŽǁƐ the spring-fed headwaters ƌĞŐŝŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌĂŶĚŝƚƐƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐŇŽǁƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐƌĂŝŶĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶ 50 of the San Marcos River, ůĂŶĚƐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJŚĞĂǀLJƌĂŝŶĨĂůůĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ ŝŵƉŽƵŶĚŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƚĂďŝůŝnjĞĚǁĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƐ͘ ƐƚĞĞƉƐůŽƉĞƐ͕ƚŚŝŶƐŽŝůƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƉĂƌƐĞǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ͕ indicating human activity ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶĂŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚƐƵƐĐĞƉƟďŝůŝƚLJƚŽ Effects of Climate Change up to 13,500 years ago. ƐĞǀĞƌĞŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ͘džĐĞƉƚĨŽƌĂŶLJŽŶĂŵ͕ƚŚĞ dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂďƌŽĂĚƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĐŽŶƐĞŶƐƵƐƚŚĂƚ ŝŵƉŽƵŶĚŵĞŶƚƐĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͕ŵĂŶLJ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞǁŝůůƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŚŽƩĞƌ͕ĚƌŝĞƌ ďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŚĞϭϵϮϬ͛ƐĂŶĚϭϵϯϬ͛Ɛ͕ǁĞƌĞŶŽƚĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚdĞdžĂƐ͘51,52dŚĞƐĞŚŽƩĞƌ͕ ϮϬϲϬĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌĚĞŵĂŶĚĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ĨŽƌŇŽŽĚĐŽŶƚƌŽů͘DĂũŽƌŇŽŽĚŝŶŐĞǀĞŶƚƐŚĂǀĞ ĚƌŝĞƌĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐǁŝůůůŝŬĞůLJďĞƉƵŶĐƚƵĂƚĞĚďLJ by 27%,41,53ŝƚŝƐŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƚŚĂƚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ occurred in 1869, 1998, 2002, 2004, and 2015, more extreme rainfall events.53ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŽŶƚŚĞ ŽĸĐŝĂůƐ͕ůĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƚĞǁĂƌĚƐĂůŝŬĞƚĂŬĞ with water levels reaching between 26 to 42 feet 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌŚĂƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƌŝǀĞƌŇŽǁǁŝůů ƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŽĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂŶĚƐƉĞĂƌŚĞĂĚ ĂďŽǀĞŇŽŽĚƐƚĂŐĞ͘48,49 Flooding in urban areas be marked by increased periods of drought and ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƚŚĞƉƌĞĐŝŽƵƐǁĂƚĞƌ is costly and upstream development, with its ŝŶƚĞŶƐĞ͕ŚŝŐŚƌŝǀĞƌŇŽǁĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘51 This increased ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͘ associated impervious cover, exacerbates the ǀĂƌŝĂďŝůŝƚLJŝŶƌŝǀĞƌŇŽǁǁŝůůŚĂǀĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ůŝŬĞůŝŚŽŽĚŽĨŇŽŽĚƐĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵ͘ ŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚ HISTORY & LAND USE ƚŚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͛ƐĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůĂŶĚƐƚĞǁĂƌĚƐŚŝƉŽŶƉƵďůŝĐ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŽŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ Relevant Site History and private lands have the demonstrated ability has concluded that an increase in temperature dŽƉƵƚƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͛ƐŐƌŽǁƚŚŝŶ ƚŽŵŝƟŐĂƚĞŇŽŽĚĚĂŵĂŐĞďLJŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ would cause an increase in water demand for ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚŚŝƐƚŽƌLJŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶŝŶƐŽŝůĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůƵƐĞ͕ďƵƚǁŽƵůĚĂůƐŽ ŝŶĐŚƌŽŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŽƌĚĞƌǁŝƚŚĂĮŶĂůƐĞĐƟŽŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĞǀĂƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚƵƐůŽǁĞƌŝŶŐƌƵŶŽīĂŶĚ addressing the impact of the I-35 highway 7KHVHHFRV\VWHPEHQHÀWV ĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞ͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐ corridor. This historical overview will illustrate ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĂϮϭͲϯϯйƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶĚƌŽƵŐŚƚ ǁŚLJƚŚĞƐĞƐƵďƌĞŐŝŽŶƐĨĂĐĞĚŝīĞƌŝŶŐƌĂƚĞƐ directly translate to LJĞĂƌƐĂŶĚĂϮϰͲϰϵйƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶĚƵƌŝŶŐ ŽĨŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͛Ɛ reduced water treatment ǁĞƚLJĞĂƌƐ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ƚŚĞŽŵĂůƐƉƌŝŶŐŇŽǁƐ ƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚŚŝƐƚŽƌLJŚĂƐŝŵƉĂĐƚĞĚůĂŶĚƵƐĞĂŶĚ ĂƌĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞďLJϭϬͲϭϲйŝŶϮϬϯϬ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ͘ costs, minimized peak ĂŶĚϮϬͲϮϰйďLJϮϬϵϬ͘dŚŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ ÁRZVGXULQJUDLQHYHQWV ŝŶƐƉƌŝŶŐŇŽǁǁŽƵůĚƉƵƚƚŚĞĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ /ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐWĞŽƉůĞƐ in the spring emergence areas in great peril. To dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶĂŶĚĂůůŽĨdĞdžĂƐŚĂǀĞĂŶ reduced sedimentation ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐƉƌŝŶŐŇŽǁ͕ ĞdžƚĞŶƐŝǀĞŚŝƐƚŽƌLJŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ͘EĂƟǀĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƉƵŵƉŝŶŐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞ in impoundments, and peoples lived in Texas for at least 11,000 years reduced by 9-20% annually.54 With the state before the arrival of Spanish explorers in the stabilized waterways. ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨdĞdžĂƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĚŽƵďůĞďLJ

2019 19

ŽƌƉƵƐŚƌŝƐƟͶĂŶĚĂŵĂũŽƌƉŽƌƚŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂŶŽůĂ͘dŚĞƐĞĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐŵĂĚĞ sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂĂĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůŚƵďĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƚƌĂĚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌ͘DĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞ'ĞƌŵĂŶ ŝŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐǁŚŽĂƌƌŝǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞh^ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ/ŶĚŝĂŶŽůĂ͛ƐƉŽƌƚƚƌĂǀĞůĞĚŶŽƌƚŚ ĂŶĚĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJƐĞƩůĞĚŝŶĐŽĂƐƚĂůƉƌĂŝƌŝĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ƵƐŝŶŐ wagons to transport farm products back to the port.

Fate arrived in the form of a hurricane in 1875 and nearly destroyed /ŶĚŝĂŶŽůĂ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁĂƐũƵƐƚĂĨĞǁĨĞĞƚĂďŽǀĞƐĞĂůĞǀĞů͘ŌĞƌĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞŝŶϭϴϴϲĂŶĚĂĮƌĞŝŶϭϴϴϳ͕ƚŚĞƚŽǁŶǁĂƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůLJĂďĂŶĚŽŶĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚƚŚĞĨŽĐĂůƉŽŝŶƚĨŽƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚŵŽǀĞĚĂǁĂLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ,ŽƵƐƚŽŶͲ'ĂůǀĞƐƚŽŶĂƌĞĂ;ϭϮϳŵŝůĞƐĞĂƐƚͿ͘&ĂƌŵŝŶŐ ĂŶĚƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞůŽƐƐŽĨĂŶĞĂƌďLJƉŽƌƚ meant products needed to travel a greater distance. To this day, the ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶŝƐƐƟůůŐƌŽǁŝŶŐƐůŽǁůLJĂŶĚ͕ŝŶƐŽŵĞĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĞǀĞŶĚĞĐůŝŶŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƚŽǁŶŽĨ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ůŝĞƐĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚŚĂĚϳ͕ϭϱϮƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐŝŶϭϵϴϬ͘LJϮϬϭϴ͕ƚŚĞĐĞŶƐƵƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĂƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŽĨŽŶůLJϱϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞ͘57 In contrast to the ƌĂƉŝĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĞdžƉĂŶƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJĂŶĚĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞ/ͲϯϱĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ͕ ƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚĨĂĐĞĐŽŵƉĂƌĂďůĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ͘

ůŽǀŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƟůĞĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚŝŶ^ƉƌŝŶŐ>ĂŬĞ͘WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨdŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐ ^ĞƚƚůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ ĞŶƚĞƌ͘ dŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶƐŝƚƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞdĞdžĂƐ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ƐƵƌŽƉĞĂŶ homesteaders displaced indigenous peoples, newcomers found themselves 1500s.55ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ/ŶĚŝĂŶƚƌŝďĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞ<ĂƌĂŶŬĂǁĂ͕ĂĚĚŽ͕ƉĂĐŚĞ͕ ŝŶŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ůŝŬĞƚŚĞǁŽŽĚƐŵĞŶŽĨƉƉĂůĂĐŚŝĂ͘dŚŝƐƌƵŐŐĞĚ Comanche, Wichita, Coahuiltecan, Neches, and Tonkawa are all recorded ůŝĨĞƐƚLJůĞŵĂĚĞĨŽƌĂŚĂƌĚƐĐƌĂďďůĞůŝĨĞ͕ďƵƚĂůƐŽŽīĞƌĞĚĂŵĂnjŝŶŐŶĂƚƵƌĂů as living in Texas.55/ŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂů'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶŝŶƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ͕ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚǁŝĚĞͲŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘WƌŝŽƌƚŽƚŚĞƉŽůŝƟĐĂůĐĂƌĞĞƌŽĨ>LJŶĚŽŶ͘ ƐƉƌŝŶŐƐŚĂǀĞůŽŶŐĂƩƌĂĐƚĞĚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽƚŚĞĂƌĞĂ͘dĞŶƐŽĨƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJǁĞƌĞĐĂƉƟǀĂƚĞĚďLJŝƚƐďĞĂƵƚLJ͕ 58 WĂůĞŽͲ/ŶĚŝĂŶĂƌƟĨĂĐƚƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚŝŶ^ƉƌŝŶŐ>ĂŬĞ͕ƚŚĞƐƉƌŝŶŐͲĨĞĚ but struggled with the poor farming soils and lack of basic services. ŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌ͕ŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐŚƵŵĂŶĂĐƟǀŝƚLJƵƉƚŽϭϯ͕ϱϬϬ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶƐƉĞŶƚŚŝƐĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂ͕ĂŶĚĂƐŚĞŐĂŝŶĞĚƉŽůŝƟĐĂůƉŽǁĞƌ͕ years ago.9,56 ŚĞǀŽǁĞĚƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞůŝǀŝŶŐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ƐĂĐŽŶŐƌĞƐƐŵĂŶ͕ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞĚĮĞƌĐĞůLJĨŽƌĂZƵƌĂůůĞĐƚƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ>ŽĂŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨĞĚĞƌĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚďLJƌĞůĂdžŝŶŐŝƚƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĚĞŶƐŝƚLJƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘,ĞĂůƐŽ ^ĞƚƚůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ ĐŽŶǀŝŶĐĞĚ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƉŽǁĞƌĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƐ͘ /ŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲϭϴϬϬ͛Ɛ͕ƐĞƩůĞƌƐƉŽƵƌĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐŽĨsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ;ŽŶƚŚĞďĂŶŬƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ͕ ,ŝƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƚĂƉƵůƚĞĚŚŝŵƚŽƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂů ϰϬŵŝůĞƐŝŶůĂŶĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌ͛ƐŵŽƵƚŚͿĂŶĚ/ŶĚŝĂŶŽůĂ;ũƵƐƚϯϬŵŝůĞƐ ƐƚĂŐĞĂŶĚĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJƚŚĞƉƌĞƐŝĚĞŶĐLJ͘zĞĂƌƐůĂƚĞƌ͕ŚĞƐƟůůĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞ ƐŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚŽĨƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͛ƐƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶŵŽƐƚƉŽŝŶƚͿ͘sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂǁĂƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐĂůůLJ ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJƚŽďĞŽŶĞŽĨŚŝƐŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘58 ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐĞǀĞƌĂůĐŝƟĞƐͶ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͕ƵƐƟŶ͕,ŽƵƐƚŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ dŚŝƐǁŽƌŬŵĂƌŬĞĚĂŵĂũŽƌĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ ϮϬ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

ƐůŽǁ͘&ŽƌƚŚĞŶĞdžƚϲϬLJĞĂƌƐ͕ƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŶĞǀĞƌ almost 37% since 2010. This growth has resulted The Upper and Central exceeded 20,000. In 1962, Interstate Highway 35 ŝŶ<ĞŶĚĂůůŽƵŶƚLJďĞŝŶŐƌĂŶŬĞĚƐĞǀĞŶƚŚĂŵŽŶŐ Basins contain three (I-35) was built and changed everything. h͘^͘ĐŽƵŶƟĞƐĨŽƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚ͕ǁŝƚŚŝƚƐ largest increase occurring between 2010 and counties with the highest The Guadalupe Basin Today 2018.57,63,ĂLJƐŽƵŶƚLJŚĂƐŽǀĞƌϭϬƟŵĞƐƚŚĞ growth rate in Texas: ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝƚŚĂĚŝŶϭϵϲϬ;ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚĂƚϮϮϮ͕ϲϮϭ Comal, Kendall, and Hays. A Growing Population ŝŶϮϬϭϴͿ͘ĞƚǁĞĞŶϮϬϭϬĂŶĚϮϬϭϴĂůŽŶĞ͕ƚŚĞ /ͲϯϱŝƐƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌŶŽƌƚŚͲƐŽƵƚŚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨ,ĂLJƐŽƵŶƚLJƌŽƐĞďLJŽǀĞƌϰϬй͕ 57 corridor within the study area and connects growing from 158,275 to 222,621. This is due ŝŶůĂƌŐĞƉĂƌƚƚŽƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚŝŶĐŝƟĞƐĂůŽŶŐ ĂŶĚƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƉŽǁĞƌĂƩƌĂĐƚĞĚŵĂŶLJ ƚǁŽĐŽŵŵƵƚĂďůĞƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐͶ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ ĂŶĚƵƐƟŶͶǁŝƚŚŽǀĞƌϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬŝŶŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚƐ /ͲϯϱƐƵĐŚĂƐ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ;ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶϲϯ͕ϱϬϵͿĂŶĚ wealthy city-dwellers who would transform the 57 60 <LJůĞ;ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶϰϲ͕ϴϳϰͿ͘ landscape. Many of these newcomers created each. This interstate is a vital link for trade their own private refuges, which increased ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞh͘^͘ĂŶĚDĞdžŝĐŽ͕ĂŶĚĂŶĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ /ŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƚŽƚŚĞƌĂƉŝĚůLJŐƌŽǁŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƟĞƐ ƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͛ƐƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶĂŶĚĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝƚĂƐ 125,000 cars travel north or south daily in the ŽĨƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂŶĚĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ͕ƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚͲ a popular tourism hub. Even today, tourists ƐĞĐƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƉĂƐƐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚ 61 ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƟĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶͶ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ from the US and abroad arrive year-round to EĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐ͘ ĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ 59 ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĂůůLJĂŌĞƌŝƚƐĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂͶŚĂǀĞϱйĂŶĚϲйŐƌŽǁƚŚƌĂƚĞƐ experience the beauty of the Hill Country. 57 ŝŶϭϵϲϮĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJĨƌŽŵϮϬϭϬƚŽϮϬϭϴ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƟĞƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚƌĂƉŝĚůLJ͘,ŝŐŚǁĂLJƐϮϵϬĂŶĚ >ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶŝƐĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐŝŶŐƐůŽǁĞƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ^ĞƚƚůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ͕ƚŚĞŝƚLJŽĨsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂŝƐƐƟůůƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚ dŚĞůĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƵƐƟŶĂŶĚ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͕ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ϮϴϭĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂǀĞůƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ and open the door to further development in ůĂƌŐĞƐƚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĐĞŶƚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ǁŝƚŚ ǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚŝƚƐƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐ 67,015 residents in 2018.57 ŇŽǁ͕ǁĂƐƐƉĂƌƐĞůLJƐĞƩůĞĚƵŶƟůϭϴϰϴ͕ǁŚĞŶ,ĂLJƐ the north and west corners of the study area. ŽƵŶƚLJǁĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͘dŚĞůĂŶĚǁĂƐĨĞƌƟůĞͶ Ɛ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽĞdžƉĂŶĚŶŽƌƚŚǁĂƌĚ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶnjŽŶĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĚĞĞƉ along 281, with I-35 and Highway 46 providing ƐŽŝůƐŽĨƚŚĞůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƚŚŝŶ͕ƌŽĐŬLJ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ͕ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚǁĞƐƚŽĨEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐǁŝůů soil of the Edwards Plateau. However, in contrast ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽĞdžƉĂŶĚ͘ If this development ƚŽƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJĨĂƌŵƐŽĨƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ continues without the only way to export produce was by driving ox dŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂŶĚĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƚŚƌĞĞ carts to the Indianola port nearly 150 miles away. ĐŽƵŶƟĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚŐƌŽǁƚŚƌĂƚĞŝŶdĞdžĂƐ͗ thoughtful ecological Farms that existed in Hays County produced ŽŵĂů͕<ĞŶĚĂůů͕ĂŶĚ,ĂLJƐ͘ŽŵĂůŽƵŶƚLJ planning, the characteristics ƐƵƌƉĂƐƐĞĚďŽƚŚ,ĂLJƐĂŶĚ<ĞŶĚĂůůŽƵŶƟĞƐŝŶ ǀĞŐĞƚĂďůĞƐĂŶĚĐŽƩŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐĂƌĞĂ͕ of the Guadalupe Basin— ĂŶĚĐĂƩůĞƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĚŽƩĞĚƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘/ŶƚŚĞ 2018, becoming the second fastest-growing 62 ϭϴϴϬ͛ƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƌĂŝůƌŽĂĚǁĂƐďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚLJ͘ county in the country. Comal County runs along quiet and beautiful /ƚ͕ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƌŽĂĚƐ͕ƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ/ͲϯϱĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌĂŶĚEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐ͕ƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚ landscapes, abundant clean ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĐĞŶƚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶǁŝƚŚ 57 ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨ,ĂLJƐŽƵŶƚƌLJŐƌŽǁŝŶŐĨƌŽŵϮ͕ϬϬϬ 84,612 residents in 2018, ŚĂƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ water, and native wildlife— in 1860 to 14,000 in 1900.60 Further growth was ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽŝƚƐŐƌŽǁƚŚ͘<ĞŶĚĂůůŽƵŶƚLJŚĂƐ ƐŚŽǁŶƐŝŵŝůĂƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚͶŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ may disappear forever. 2019 21

ĞŶƚƌĂůdĞdžĂƐ͛ĞdžƉůŽƐŝǀĞŐƌŽǁƚŚǁĂƐƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞƐ͕ĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚĐůĞĂŶǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚŶĂƟǀĞ successful fracking site of the Eagle Ford ŝŶĂϮϬϬϱƐƚƵĚLJƚŚĂƚĂŶĂůLJnjĞĚƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚůĂŶĚ wildlife may disappear forever. Shale—one of the richest oil and gas deposits development changes throughout the southeast in the US—was established in Cuero, TX.1,70 This U.S. It concluded that development in the I-35 ŚĂŶŐĞƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ ŵƵůƟŵŝůůŝŽŶĚŽůůĂƌŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJŵĂĚĞƚŚĞŝƚLJŽĨ ĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌǁŽƵůĚƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶĂĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐďůĂŶŬĞƚŽĨ are occurring most rapidly in the Upper and ƵĞƌŽ͕ǁŚŝĐŚůŝĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐĂŶĚsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ͕ low-density development along its margins.64 ĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶ͕ĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͘/Ŷ ĂŵĂũŽƌŚƵďŽĨŽŝůĂŶĚŐĂƐĞdžƚƌĂĐƟŽŶ͘70 Since ŽŶƟŶƵĞĚĐŚĂŶŐĞŝƐĂůƐŽĐŽƌƌŽďŽƌĂƚĞĚďLJ the process, large ranches are being fragmented then, numerous other fracking sites have popped ƉƌĞĚŝĐƟŽŶƐŵĂĚĞďLJƚŚĞdt͘ƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƚŽƐŵĂůůĞƌƉĂƌĐĞůƐ͘&ƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝƐĂŶ ƵƉƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶĐŽƵŶƟĞƐŽĨ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ƚŚĞLJĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƚŚĂƚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌŽĨŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚ ĞtŝƩĂŶĚ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͘dŚĞǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞ ŐƌŽǁƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶǁŝůůŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂĸůŝĂƚĞĚŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨĨƌĂĐŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶŚĂƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ double in the next 50 years.41 ŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐůŽĐĂůǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐ͕ ŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌǁĂƚĞƌŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ĂƐƚŚŝƐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ĂŶĚĞdžĂĐĞƌďĂƟŶŐŇŽŽĚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJƚǁŽŵŝůůŝŽŶŐĂůůŽŶƐŽĨ Agricultural Production damage. Highways and pipelines—known as ĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌĞĂĐŚƟŵĞĨƌĂĐŬŝŶŐƚƌŝŐŐĞƌƐƚŚĞŇŽǁŽĨ tŚŝůĞĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞǁĂƐĂŵĂũŽƌĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚŽĨ ůŝŶĞĂƌĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐͶĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶƚŽŶĞŐĂƟǀĞůLJ oil or gas into a well.70,71 This may disrupt other ǁŚĂƚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůLJďƌŽƵŐŚƚƐĞƩůĞƌƐƚŽƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ ŝŵƉĂĐƚǁĂƚĞƌƐŚĞĚƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ͕57–61 commercial uses of water—for industries such as ŝƚŶŽǁƉůĂLJƐĂƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ͕LJĞƚƐƟůůƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ͕ fragment habitat,62,63 damage streams through ĨĂƌŵŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐͶǁŚŝůĞŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŇŽǁ ƌŽůĞŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͛ƐϭϬ crossings, disrupt natural drainage systems,59,64 and supply of surface water and underground ĐŽƵŶƟĞƐŚĂǀĞϯ͘ϵŵŝůůŝŽŶĂĐƌĞƐƵŶĚĞƌĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů escalate soil erosion,65 increase noise drinking water sources.1,70>ĂŶĚƵƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƐΨϴϯϵŵŝůůŝŽŶǁŽƌƚŚ ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͕66,67 and introduce invasive species.68 such as these impair local natural resources. of farm products.56KĨƚŚŝƐƚŽƚĂů͕ΨϳϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶ dŚŝƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐŬĞLJĂƌĞĂƐƚŽŝŶǀĞƐƚ ŝƐĨƌŽŵůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬĂŶĚΨϭϯϵŵŝůůŝŽŶŝƐĨƌŽŵĐƌŽƉ ĞƚǁĞĞŶϭϵϵϳĂŶĚϮϬϭϮ͕ĐŽƵŶƟĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ resources and to help sustain the health of the sales.56KĨƚŚĞΨϳϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶŝŶůŝǀĞƐƚŽĐŬƐĂůĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶƐĂǁŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂƐůĂƌŐĞƌ watershed as a whole. ΨϰϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƉŽƵůƚƌLJĨĂƌŵŝŶŐŝŶ ranches were broken up into smaller units. The ƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶĐŽƵŶƚLJŽĨ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͘56 When combined area of larger ranches (those over 100 ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐĂƩůĞƐĂůĞƐĂƌĞĨĂĐƚŽƌĞĚŝŶ͕'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ acres) went from 2.9 million acres in 1997 to 2.6 County accounts for more than half of all million acres by 2012—a 10% decrease. During ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘ the same period, the number of smaller farms ĂŶĚƌĂŶĐŚĞƐ;ĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨďŝŐŐĞƌ >ĂŶĚhƐĞdƌĞŶĚƐ ranches) increased in total acreage from 181,470 Current land use conversion in the Guadalupe acres in 1997 to 216,582 acres in 2012—a 19% ĂƐŝŶĐŽŵŵŽŶůLJŽĐĐƵƌƐŶĞĂƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŚƵďƐ͕ increase.69KŌĞŶƚŚĞƐĞůĂƌŐĞƌĂŶĐŚĞƐĂƌĞƐŽůĚĂƐ ĨŽůůŽǁƐƚƌĂĸĐĂƌƚĞƌŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĞŶĐƌŽĂĐŚĞƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ families reclaim landlocked wealth near urban open space surrounding urban areas, including centers. These sold lands are then divided— ĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞƐĂŶĚĂƌĞĂƐƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ some as small farms and others as future used for ranching and agriculture.56 If this ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚůĂŶĚƐ͘55 ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵů ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐŽĨ /ŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͕ĨƌĂĐŬŝŶŐŝƐĂŵĂũŽƌĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶͶƋƵŝĞƚĂŶĚďĞĂƵƟĨƵů ĚƌŝǀĞƌŽĨůĂŶĚƵƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘/ŶϮϬϬϴ͕ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ ϮϮ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJdŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌΞ^ĐŽƩĂƵĞƌ

2019 23

METHODS dŚŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ ŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞŚŝŐŚͲǀĂůƵĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶǁĂƚĞƌŇŽǁǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ ĨŽƌƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶƵƐŝŶŐĂŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ ĂŶĚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƉƌŝŵĞĂƌĞĂƐƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐǁŚĞƌĞŇŽǁƌĂƚĞƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůLJ procedural model (Figure 5). The procedure ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůLJĂƉƉůLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĚŽůůĂƌƐ͘ ŇƵĐƚƵĂƚĞ͘^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉůĞĚƚŚĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ follows methodologies used by the San ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͕ ŶƚŽŶŝŽĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵ Stakeholder engagement was managed through ƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĚĂƚĂĨŽƌ ƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞǁĂƚĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌ ƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂƌĞĂƐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞĂŶĚ Water and the Environment, Texas Parks and ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐnjŽŶĞƐǁĞƐƚŽĨ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͘5 In Wildlife Department (TPWD), and Siglo Group. ƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶ͘^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉĂůƐŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞĚ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞŵĞƚŚŽĚŚĂƐďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚƚŽƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞ dŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌůĞĚƚŚĞĞīŽƌƚďLJŝŶǀŝƟŶŐ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨ ůĂŶĚƐĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĐŽ͕hƉƉĞƌ^ĂŶ ŬĞLJƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjŝŶŐůŽŐŝƐƟĐƐ͕ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚƐŽůŝĐŝƚĞĚ Marcos, and Pedernales Watersheds, as well ŵŽĚĞƌĂƟŶŐĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐĨŽƌĂǁĞďŝŶĂƌĂŶĚĂŶ ŶĞǁƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŽŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ ĂƐůĂŶĚƐŝŶƚŚĞ<ĂƚLJWƌĂŝƌŝĞ͘81–83 Model inputs ŝŶͲƉĞƌƐŽŶŵĞĞƟŶŐŝŶEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐ͘dWt process from stakeholders. include variables associated with water, culture, ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ ĂŶĚĞĐŽůŽŐLJ͘dŚĞƐĞŝŶƉƵƚƐǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJ ĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚĂŶĚĞdžƉůĂŝŶĞĚŚŽǁƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ Numerous stakeholders and professionals ĂŶĚƌĂŶŬƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĂƐ͘ƌĞĂƐ ĐŽƵůĚĮƚŝŶƚŽƐƚĂƚĞͲǁŝĚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ provided feedback and data for this process. ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƌĂŶŬƌĞŇĞĐƚƚŚĞĐŽŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚE&Ɛ͘dŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ dŚĞLJŚĞůƉĞĚĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ

CONSERVATION PRIORITIES DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

&ŝŐƵƌĞϱ͘ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ Ϯϰ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐǁŽƵůĚďĞĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĞĂĐŚ ŽĨƌĞƐƵůƚƐĂƚϭϬϬͲĨŽŽƚƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞĂǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐŽĨƚŚŽƐĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐǁŝƚŚŝŶ resource in the procedural model. Stakeholders included experts and parcels. To evaluate data layers for feasibility of use, data was considered ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐĨƌŽŵdWt͕h͘^͘&ŝƐŚĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕dĞdžĂƐ^ƚĂƚĞ ďĂƐĞĚŽŶŝƚƐƌĞůĂƟǀĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ƌĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͕ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͕^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ͕'ƌĞĂƚĞƌĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞŶĞƐƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͕ƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚĞŵƉŽƌĂů ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͕ŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͕ŝƚLJŽĨEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐ͕ŽŵĂůŽƵŶƚLJ accuracy. ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůůŝĂŶĐĞ͕^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͕ŽŵĂůͲdƌŝŶŝƚLJ 'ƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͕ŽŵĂůŽƵŶƚLJ͕hƉƉĞƌ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ dŚĞĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚƌƵŶŶŝŶŐŵƵůƟƉůĞĚŝƐƟŶĐƚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͕ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞ'ƌĞĞŶ^ƉĂĐĞƐůůŝĂŶĐĞŽĨ^ŽƵƚŚdĞdžĂƐ͘ ǁŚŝůĞŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŶŐƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬƚŽƌĞĮŶĞƚŚĞĞīĞĐƚƐŽĨŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞůĂƟǀĞǀĂůƵĞƐ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϲͿ͘ĂĐŚƟŵĞƚŚĞŵŽĚĞůǁĂƐ The geographic procedural model used for this study builds upon ƌƵŶ͕ŝƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚĂƐƚƵĚLJͲǁŝĚĞŵĂƉ͕ŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ͕ĐŽŶƐŝƐƟŶŐ ^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉ͛ƐƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘5,81,82 The ŽĨĂ>ĂŶĚsĂůƵĞ/ŶĚĞdž;>s/ͿĨŽƌĞĂĐŚϭϬϬͲĨŽŽƚďLJϭϬϬͲĨŽŽƚĂƌĞĂ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁĂƐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂĚĂƉƚĞĚƚŽĮƚƚŚĞĞĐŽůŽŐLJŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ then averaged by parcel (Figure 7). These repeated runs also provided ĂƐŝŶƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐŽĨŝƚƐƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘/ŶůŝŶĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƐĞŶƐŝƟǀŝƚLJĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͕ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŶŽŽŶĞǀĂƌŝĂďůĞŽǀĞƌůLJ ƉĂƐƚƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞŵŽĚĞůŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞŝŶƉƵƚŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ŝŵƉĂĐƚĞĚƚŚĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ͘dŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞǀĂůƵĞƐ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂǁĞŝŐŚƚĞĚƐƵŵ͕ƚŚĞĚŝƐƉůĂLJ ǁĞƌĞĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ

STEPS IN RUNNING THE GEOGRAPHIC PROCEDURAL MODEL 1. ǀĂůƵĂƚĞĂŶĚĂĚũƵƐƚƚŚĞĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐĮůĞŝĨ ŶĞǁůĂŶĚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚŽƌŶĞǁŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ĂďŽƵƚĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͖

2. ĚũƵƐƚĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ͖

3. ĚĚŽƌĚĞůĞƚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ͖

4. ĚũƵƐƚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞƐͬǁĞŝŐŚƚƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ͖

5. ZƵŶŵŽĚĞů͖ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶsĂůƵĞ 6. ǀĂůƵĂƚĞWƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶZĞƐƵůƚƐ;ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐͿ͖ High

7. ZĞƉĞĂƚĂƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ;ĮŶĂůƌĞƐƵůƚ͗ƚŚĞWƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽͿ͘ >Žǁ &ŝŐƵƌĞϲ͘^ĞǀĞŶŬĞLJƐƚĞƉƐĨŽƌŵƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŵŽĚĞůŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ &ŝŐƵƌĞϳ͘ĐŽŵƉĂƌŝƐŽŶŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽŝƚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘

2019 25

ƚŚĞWƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ͕ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ&ŝŶĚŝŶŐƐƐĞĐƟŽŶ͘ dĂďůĞϭ͘dŚĞǀĂůƵĞŽĨĞĂĐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŝŶƚŚĞƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ WĂƌĐĞůƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ>s/ǁĞƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŽďĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ͘ ƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶŵŽĚĞů͘ dŚĞWƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƚŚĞďĞƐƚďĂůĂŶĐĞŽĨ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ tĞŝŐŚƟŶŐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͘ DĂũŽƌ^ƉƌŝŶŐƵīĞƌƐ High Aquifer Recharge Areas High Karst Areas Moderate CONSERVATION RESOURCES dŚŝƐŵŽĚĞůƵƟůŝnjĞĚĚĂƚĂĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ Water Public Water Supply Surface Intakes Moderate ŚŝŐŚůLJŝŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͘&ŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͕ Riparian Corridors High ƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐǁĞƌĞƐƵďĚŝǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚƌĞĞĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ͗ǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ĂŶĚ ϯϬϯ/ŵƉĂŝƌĞĚtĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƵīĞƌƐ >Žǁ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͘ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌǀĂůƵĞƐĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶdĂďůĞϭ͕ WĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ High ǁŚŝůĞdĂďůĞϮƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂũƵƐƟĮĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͘ĂƐŝŶͲ Proximity to Conserved Land Moderate ǁŝĚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐŽĨƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞƐŚŽǁŶŝŶ&ŝŐƵƌĞƐ Development Corridors Moderate 8-13. Cultural Prime Farmland Soils Moderate Water Resources EĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐ High tĂƚĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞůŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗DĂũŽƌ^ƉƌŝŶŐƵīĞƌƐ͕ƋƵŝĨĞƌ Guadalupe Bass Fish Priority Areas High ZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐ͕<ĂƌƐƚƌĞĂƐ͕WƵďůŝĐtĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ/ŶƚĂŬĞƐ͕ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶ Mussel Priority Areas Moderate Ecological ƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚϯϬϯ/ŵƉĂŝƌĞĚtĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƵīĞƌƐ͘ Terrestrial Fauna Ecological Index High

DĂũŽƌ^ƉƌŝŶŐƵĨĨĞƌƐrepresent the vital lands surrounding springs, ƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌĨŽƌ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽĂŶĚŝƐĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞ where freshwater emerges from the earth. These areas support ĂƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌĨŽƌƐĞǀĞƌĂůƌĂƉŝĚůLJŐƌŽǁŝŶŐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ a wide array of flora and fauna, some of which only exist in the ĐĞŶƚĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ŵĂŬŝŶŐƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞ͕ ƵŶŝƋƵĞĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶƐŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůLJƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐƉƌŝŶŐƐ͘^ƉƌŝŶŐƐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞďLJƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌŇŽǁŝŶŐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĂƋƵŝĨĞƌ͕ĞǀĞŶ also important hydrologically, draining into rivers and contributing ŵŽƌĞĐƌŝƟĐĂů͘ substantially to base flows throughout the basin. Furthermore, they are culturally important outdoor spaces where people gather, swim, Karst AreasͶĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐůŝŵĞƐƚŽŶĞůĂŶĚĨŽƌŵƐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJƐŝŶŬƐ͕ and recreate. ravines, and underground streams—are dynamic systems with ƌĂƉŝĚǁĂƚĞƌĐŽŶǀĞLJĂŶĐĞĂŶĚĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽĮůƚĞƌƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ͘84 ƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐƌĞƉůĞŶŝƐŚĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƐ͕ƌĞŶĞǁŝŶŐƚŚĞĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌ dŚĞƐĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐŚĂǀĞĂƵŶŝƋƵĞĂŶĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶǁĂƚĞƌ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŚĂƚŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐƵƐĞĨŽƌĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů͕ĂŶĚ ŇŽǁĂŶĚƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ĂƐǁĂƚĞƌŵŽǀĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚŝŶƚŽ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůƵƐĞƐ͘dǁŽŵĂũŽƌĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞ groundwater sources below. 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌͶƚŚĞdƌŝŶŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐ͘dŚĞƌŝǀĞƌŝƐĨĞĚ ďLJƐƉƌŝŶŐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌĂŶĚƚŽĂůĞƐƐĞƌĞdžƚĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞ WƵďůŝĐtĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ/ŶƚĂŬĞƐĂƌĞĂƌĞĂƐǁŚĞƌĞǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJŝƐŽĨ dƌŝŶŝƚLJƋƵŝĨĞƌ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐŚĞĂůƚŚLJǁĂƚĞƌůĞǀĞůƐŝŶ particular importance, because drinking water for communities is ƚŚĞƐĞĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕ŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ drawn from them. For this model, the HUC-12 watersheds upstream ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚǁĂƚĞƌŇŽǁŝŶƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌ͘dŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌŝƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJ of Public Water Supply Surface Intakes were used as inputs. Ϯϲ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

dĂďůĞϮ͘dŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͕ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͕ĂŶĚƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ͘ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ Purpose and Criteria Source ƵīĞƌƐǁĞƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚŵĂũŽƌƐƉƌŝŶŐƐƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐƉƌŝŶŐŇŽǁƐ͘ tŝĞƌŵĂŶ͕͕͘͘ƌŽƵŶ͕͘^͕͘,ƵŶƚ͕͕͘͘ϮϬϭϬ͕,LJĚƌŽŐĞŽůŽŐŝĐƚůĂƐŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝůů Major Spring DĂƉƉŝŶŐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ϭŵŝůĞƌĂĚŝƵƐĂƌŽƵŶĚŵĂũŽƌƐƉƌŝŶŐƐ͘ ŽƵŶƚƌLJdƌŝŶŝƚLJƋƵŝĨĞƌ͕ůĂŶĐŽ͕,ĂLJƐ͕ĂŶĚdƌĂǀŝƐŽƵŶƟĞƐ͕ĞŶƚƌĂůdĞdžĂƐ͘,ĂLJƐͲdƌŝŶŝƚLJ ƵīĞƌƐ 'ƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘tĂƚĞƌͲYƵĂůŝƚLJĂƚĂĨŽƌ^ĞůĞĐƚĞĚ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐŝŶdĞdžĂƐďLJ ĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘ϮϬϬϲ͖h͘^͘'ĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂů^ƵƌǀĞLJ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĨŽƌŚƵŵĂŶǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐĂŶĚŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞůĂŶĚƐŚĞůƉƐ DĂũŽƌƋƵŝĨĞƌƐ͕ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϵĨƌŽŵdĞdžĂƐtĂƚĞƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĂƌĚ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ Aquifer Recharge ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚƋƵĂŶƟƚLJƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƐĂŶĚƐƉƌŝŶŐƐ͘ZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞƐĨŽƌĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕dƌŝŶŝƚLJ͕ ƚǁĚď͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬŵĂƉƉŝŶŐͬŐŝƐĚĂƚĂ͘ĂƐƉ Areas ĂŶĚĚǁĂƌĚƐͲdƌŝŶŝƚLJĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǀĂůƵĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐ ƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐ;ŚŝŐŚĞƐƚǀĂůƵĞͿ͕dƌŝŶŝƚLJ;ŚŝŐŚǀĂůƵĞͿ͕ĂŶĚĚǁĂƌĚƐͲdƌŝŶŝƚLJ;ŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞǀĂůƵĞͿ͘ ,ŝŐŚƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞͬŬĂƌƐƚĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ͘WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞůĂŶĚƐŚĞůƉƐƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ĂƌŶĞƐ͕s͘͘ϭϵϴϭ͘'ĞŽůŽŐŝĐƚůĂƐŽĨdĞdžĂƐ͘dŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨdĞdžĂƐĂƚƵƐƟŶ͕ƵƌĞĂƵ Karst Areas ƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƐĂŶĚƐƉƌŝŶŐƐ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ĞĮŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJĂƐƚŚĞĂƌĞĂƐŵĂƉƉĞĚĂƐ>ŽǁĞƌ ŽĨĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ'ĞŽůŽŐLJ͕ƵƐƟŶ͕dĞdžĂƐ͘h^'^͘ϮϬϭϲ͘'ĞŽůŽŐŝĐƚůĂƐŽĨdĞdžĂƐ;'dͿ͘ 'ůĞŶƌŽƐĞŽƌĚǁĂƌĚƐůŝŵĞƐƚŽŶĞ͘ ŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚŶƌŝƐ͘ŽƌŐͬĚĂƚĂͲĐĂƚĂůŽŐͬĞŶƚƌLJͬŐĞŽůŽŐŝĐͲĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞͲŽĨͲƚĞdžĂƐͬ͘

Public Water Supply /ŶƚĂŬĞĂƌĞĂƐĨŽƌƉƵďůŝĐǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJĂƌĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨŽƌǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞĂƌĞĂ dY'/^ĂƚĂĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϳ͕ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚĐĞƋ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬŐŝƐͬĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚͲƚĐĞƋͲŐŝƐͲ Water Water ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ͕ƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŶŐĞŶĐƌŽĂĐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ƉŽŝŶƚĂŶĚŶŽŶͲƉŽŝŶƚƐŽƵƌĐĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͘ ĚĂƚĂͬηǁĂƚĞƌ Surface Intakes DĂƉƉŝŶŐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ƐƵďͲďĂƐŝŶϭϮͲĚŝŐŝƚ,hƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵŽĨWƵďůŝĐtĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ/ŶƚĂŬĞƐ͘ ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶƉůĂŶƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŽīĞƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ŚŝŐŚͲƋƵĂůŝƚLJŚĂďŝƚĂƚĂŶĚĨŽƌĂŐĞ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ &DϭϬϬͲLJĞĂƌ&ůŽŽĚŽŶĞƐsŝĞǁĞĚĂŶĚĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϵ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬŵƐĐ͘ĨĞŵĂ͘ŐŽǀͬ ƌĞĂƐĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶŝŶƚŚĞdĞdžĂƐĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůDĂƉƉŝŶŐ^LJƐƚĞŵƐ͕&DϭϬϬͲLJĞĂƌ&ůŽŽĚŽŶĞƐ͕ĂŶĚϭϬϬͲ ƉŽƌƚĂůͬĂĚǀĂŶĐĞ^ĞĂƌĐŚ͘dĞdžĂƐĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůDĂƉƉŝŶŐ^LJƐƚĞŵƐ͗dWtĂŶĚDŝƐƐŽƵƌŝ ŌďƵīĞƌƐĂƌŽƵŶĚƐƚƌĞĂŵƐŇŽǁůŝŶĞƐĨƌŽŵdY͘ ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚWĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘ϮϬϭϰ͘dĞdžĂƐĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůDĂƉƉŝŶŐ^LJƐƚĞŵƐŽĨdĞdžĂƐ͘ Riparian Corridors sŝĞǁĞĚĂŶĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϲ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚƉǁĚ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬůĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌͬůĂŶĚͬƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐͬ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞͲĞĐŽůŽŐLJͬĞŵƐͬ͘dYŇŽǁůŝŶĞƐĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϳ͕ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚĐĞƋ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ ŐŽǀͬŐŝƐͬĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚͲƚĐĞƋͲŐŝƐͲĚĂƚĂͬ ^ƚƌĞĂŵƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞdYĂƐϯϬϯ;ĚͿ͕ĂƌĞǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐǁŚŝĐŚĚŽŶŽƚŵĞĞƚĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ dY/ŵƉĂŝƌĞĚtĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƐϮϬϭϰ͕ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϳ͕ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚĐĞƋ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬŐŝƐͬ 303D Impaired ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĨŽƌůŝƐƚĞĚƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ͘/ŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞůƚŚĞƐĞƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞŐŝǀĞŶĂϯϬϬͲĨŽŽƚďƵīĞƌǁŚŝĐŚƐĞƌǀĞƐĂƐĂĮůƚĞƌƚŽ ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚͲƚĐĞƋͲŐŝƐͲĚĂƚĂͬ tĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƵīĞƌƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƐƐŽƌLJďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐŚĂďŝƚĂƚĂŶĚŇŽŽĚŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ͘ >ĂƌŐĞƌƐŝnjĞĚƉĂƌĐĞůƐĐƌĞĂƚĞǀĂůƵĂďůĞĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐŚĂďŝƚĂƚƚŚĂƚŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚďLJŵĂŶLJƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘KǀĞƌϭ͕ϮϴϬĂĐƌĞƐǁĞƌĞŐŝǀĞŶ ŽƵŶƚLJĂƉƉƌĂŝƐĂůĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚƐŚĂƉĞĮůĞƐĂŶĚƚĂdžƌŽůůƐ WĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ ĂǀĞƌLJŚŝŐŚǀĂůƵĞ͕ϲϰϬͲϭ͕ϮϴϬĂĐƌĞƐǁĞƌĞǀĂůƵĞĚŚŝŐŚ͕ϯϮϬͲϲϰϬĂĐƌĞƐǁĞƌĞǀĂůƵĞĚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞ͕ĂŶĚϭϬϬͲϯϮϬĂĐƌĞƐǁĞƌĞ ŐŝǀĞŶĂůŽǁǀĂůƵĞ͘ /ŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞůĂƌŐĞƌŶŽĚĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŵŽƌĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞŝŶƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƐƵƉƉůLJŝŶŐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJ͕dĞdžĂƐ>ĂŶĚdƌƵƐƚŽƵŶĐŝů͘ Proximity to ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐŽĨŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ϰϬϬͲŌĂŶĚϭ͕ϮϬϬͲŌďƵīĞƌƐĂƌŽƵŶĚ Conserved Land ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚ͘ Development ĞĮŶŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐƚŚĂƚǁŝůůďĞŝŵƉĂĐƚĞĚŝŶĐŽŵŝŶŐĚĞĐĂĚĞƐďLJĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƵƌďĂŶĂŶĚƐƵďƵƌďĂŶůĂŶĚƵƐĞ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ DĂũŽƌƌŽĂĚƐĂŶĚƵƌďĂŶŝnjĞĚĂƌĞĂƐ͕ĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϵĨƌŽŵdĞdžĂƐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨ Cultural dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬŐŝƐͲƚdžĚŽƚ͘ŽƉĞŶĚĂƚĂ͘ĂƌĐŐŝƐ͘ĐŽŵͬ͘ Corridors hƌďĂŶŝnjĞĚĂƌĞĂƐĂŶĚϭŵŝůĞĂƌŽƵŶĚŵĂũŽƌƌŽĂĚĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͘ WƌŝŵĞĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚƐŽŝůƐƉůĂLJĂĐƌƵĐŝĂůƌŽůĞŝŶĂƌŽďƵƐƚĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƐLJƐƚĞŵĂŶĚĂƌĞĂŶŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌŽĨĂƌĞĂƐŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞůLJƚŽƋƵĂůŝĨLJ EĂƚƵƌĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ϮϬϭϲ͘WƌŝŵĞ&ĂƌŵůĂŶĚ^ŽŝůƐ͘^^hZ'KͲEZ^Ͳ Prime Farmland ĨŽƌƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚĨĞĚĞƌĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ƌĞĂƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĨŽƌĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶĂƐ h^͘ŽǁŶůŽĂĚĞĚϮϬϭϲ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚŶƌŝƐ͘ŽƌŐͬĚĂƚĂͲĐĂƚĂůŽŐͬĞŶƚƌLJͬƐŽŝůƐͬ Soils ĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐƉƌŝŵĞĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƐŽŝůďLJEZ^ EĂƟǀĞĮƐŚŚĂďŝƚĂƚŽƌŶĂƟǀĞĮƐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĂƐ;E&ƐͿĂƌĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĨŽƌƚŚĞŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨĞŶĚĞŵŝĐ E&ƐďĂƐĞĚƵƉŽŶĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŽĨtŝůůŝĂŵƐĞƚů͘ϮϬϭϭĂŶĚ>ĂďĂLJĂŶĚ,ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬƐŽŶϮϬϭϰ͘ EĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚ ĮƐŚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘E&ƐƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞůŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶƐŽĨƚŚĞ>ůĂŶŽĂŶĚWĞĚĞƌŶĂůĞƐZŝǀĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƉŽƌƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞ DŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬŶĂƟǀĞĮƐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ŽƌŐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐ hƉƉĞƌĂŶĚůŽǁĞƌŽůŽƌĂĚŽZŝǀĞƌ͘

Guadalupe Bass /ŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚŽƚĂƌŐĞƚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶĂƌĞĂƐŽĨ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐƐĐŽƌĞƐĨƌŽŵ>ĂďĂLJĂŶĚ &ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐďĂƐĞĚƵƉŽŶĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŽĨtŝůůŝĂŵƐĞƚů͘ϮϬϭϭĂŶĚ>ĂďĂLJĂŶĚ ,ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬƐŽŶϮϬϭϰ͘DŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬŶĂƟǀĞĮƐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ŽƌŐ Fish Priority Areas ,ĞŶĚƌŝĐŬƐŽŶϮϬϭϰǁĞƌĞƐĐĂůĞĚĨƌŽŵϬƚŽϭϬϬƚŽďĞƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͘ WƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞŽƌď͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĨĂƚŵƵĐŬĞƚ͕ĂŶĚĨĂůƐĞƐƉŝŬĞĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌŵƵƐƐĞůƐ͘ ĂƐĞĚŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ'ĂƌLJWĂŶĚŽůĮ͕h^&ŝƐŚĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ Mussel Priority DƵƐƐĞůƐĂƌĞĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ĮůƚĞƌŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĨŽŽĚĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗ϲϬϬͲŌĂŶĚϭϮϬϬͲŌ

Ecological Areas ďƵīĞƌƐĂƌŽƵŶĚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐŽĨ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞŽƌď͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĨĂƚŵƵĐŬĞƚ͕ŽƌĨĂůƐĞƐƉŝŬĞ͘dŚĞϲϬϬͲŌďƵīĞƌǁĂƐŐŝǀĞŶ ĂŚŝŐŚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞϭϮϬϬͲŌďƵīĞƌ͘ WƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ͘dŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂƌĞĞŝƚŚĞƌ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨ'ƌĞĂƚĞƐƚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶEĞĞĚŽƌ 'ĞƌŵĂŶ͕Ăƌů͕͘ŵŝĞdƌĞƵĞƌͲ<ƵĞŚŶ͕ĂŶĚ>ĂƵƌĂŚĂƉĂ͘ϮϬϭϯͲϮϬϭϵ͘dĞdžĂƐĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů Terrestrial Fauna ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞĂƐĚĞĮŶĞĚďLJdĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͘DĂƉƉŝŶŐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͗dŚĞdĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů /ŶĚŝĐĞƐ͕ŝŶƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ͘dĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐΘtŝůĚůŝĨĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕ƵƐƟŶ͕dĞdžĂƐ͘ Ecological Index &ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdžĂŐŐƌĞŐĂƚĞƐƚŚĞƐĐŽƌĞƐĨŽƌƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚĨŽƌĨŽĐĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂƐĚĞĮŶĞĚďLJdĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚtŝůĚͲ ůŝĨĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞŝŶĚĞdžǁĂƐƐĐĂůĞĚĨƌŽŵϭƚŽϭϬϬĨŽƌƵƐĞŝŶƚŚŝƐŵŽĚĞů͘

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AQUIFER RECHARGE AREAS ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ were incorporated into the model to protect water ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ͕ŇŽŽĚĚĂŵĂŐĞŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ͕ĐƌŝƟĐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ĂŶĚ Kerrville ĨŽƌĂŐŝŶŐŐƌŽƵŶĚƐĨŽƌďŽƚŚĂƋƵĂƟĐĂŶĚƚĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘dŽĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ San Marcos ĨŽƌƚŚŝƐ͕ƚŚĞdWtĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů^LJƐƚĞŵƐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ85 was used to ĚĞĮŶĞƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶĂŶĚŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶĂƌĞĂƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƐǁĞƌĞĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ New Braunfels ǁŝƚŚ&DϭϬϬͲLJĞĂƌ&ůŽŽĚŽŶĞƐĂŶĚϭϬϬͲĨŽŽƚďƵīĞƌƐĂƌŽƵŶĚĂůů Seguin ƐƚƌĞĂŵƐƚŽĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĂƌĞĂƐǁŚĞƌĞƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŇŽŽĚƉůĂŝŶƐ Gonzales could be restored. San Antonio

ϯϬϯ/ŵƉĂŝƌĞĚtĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƵĨĨĞƌƐ, are the areas around waterways that, ĂƐĐůĂƐƐŝĮĞĚďLJƚŚĞůĞĂŶtĂƚĞƌĐƚ^ĞĐƟŽŶϯϬϯ;ĚͿ͕ĞdžĐĞĞĚĨĞĚĞƌĂů 0 20 Miles limits for total maximum daily loads for nutrients, pollutants, or ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ďĂĐƚĞƌŝĂ͘ϯϬϬͲĨŽŽƚďƵīĞƌĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞƐĞƐƚƌĞĂŵƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ Victoria ĂƌĞĂƐǁŚĞƌĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨůĂŶĚĨƌŽŵŶĂƚƵƌĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚǁŽƵůĚ ĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂ ůŝŬĞůLJĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŵƉĂŝƌǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚůĂŶĚ dƌŝŶŝƚLJƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞďƵīĞƌĂƌĞĂƐĐŽƵůĚŚĞůƉŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ĚǁĂƌĚƐͲdƌŝŶŝƚLJƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂ ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ ǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ ,ĞĂůƚŚLJƌŝƉĂƌŝĂŶĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐĂƌĞĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌŚĞĂůƚŚLJǁĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƐ͘WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨ &ŝŐƵƌĞϴ͘džĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͗ƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐ͘ ƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌ͘ &ŝŐƵƌĞϵ͘džĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͗ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͘ RIPARIAN CORRIDORS

Kerrville

San Marcos

New Braunfels Seguin Gonzales San Antonio

0 20 Miles Victoria ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ Ϯϴ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

Cultural Resources Austin PARCEL SIZE dŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĂůŵŽĚĞůŝŶĐůƵĚĞWĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ͕ WƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ>ĂŶĚ͕ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ĂŶĚWƌŝŵĞ&ĂƌŵůĂŶĚ Kerrville Soils. San Marcos

WĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ represents how land is divided for ownership. These dividing New Braunfels ůŝŶĞƐŚĂǀĞŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͕ƵƐĞ͕ĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ Seguin >ĂƌŐĞƌƉĂƌĐĞůƐĂƌĞĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽĂĐƋƵŝƌĞƚŚĂŶƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŵĂůůĞƌŽŶĞƐ͕ŚĂǀĞ Gonzales San Antonio ĂƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶĂůůLJůĂƌŐĞƌĞīĞĐƚŽŶŚLJĚƌŽůŽŐLJ͖ĂŶĚĐĂŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƌŽďƵƐƚ habitat for more species, thereby making land management more 78 ĞĸĐŝĞŶƚ͘ WƌŝŽƌŝƟnjŝŶŐůĂƌŐĞƌƉĂƌĐĞůƐƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ 0 20 Miles ŽĨƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ;ĂĐŽŵŵŽŶƐŝĚĞĞīĞĐƚŽĨŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌͿ͕ǁŚŝůĞĂůůŽǁŝŶŐůĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ living and working on the land.65WĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞǁĂƐŐƌŽƵƉĞĚŝŶƚŽϰ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ KǀĞƌϭ͕ϮϴϬĂĐƌĞƐ Victoria ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ͕ǁŝƚŚůĂƌŐĞƌƉĂƌĐĞůƐĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚŚŝŐŚĞƌǀĂůƵĞĂƐĂĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ 640–1280 acres resource. 320–640 acres 100–320 acres ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ WƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ>ĂŶĚis a gateway to enhanced open spaces ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘džƉĂŶĚŝŶŐĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐďLJ &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϬ͘džĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͗WĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ͘ ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĂŶĚ &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϭ͘džĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͗ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͘ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞǁĂLJƐƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͘EŽƚ ŽŶůLJĚŽĞƐƉƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJĐƌĞĂƚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚĂƌĞĂƐ DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕ŝƚĂůƐŽĐƌĞĂƚĞƐŵŽƌĞƌŽďƵƐƚŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ŽīĞƌƐ Kerrville ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůǁŝůĚůŝĨĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƌŽƵƚĞƐ͕ƌĞĚƵĐĞƐŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĐŽƐƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚĐĂŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĨŽƌŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂůŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘dŚŝƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ San Marcos is established by increasing the value of those areas that lie within New Braunfels ϭ͕ϮϬϬĨĞĞƚŽĨĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐŝŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͕ǁŝƚŚĂŶĞǀĞŶ Seguin higher priority assigned to lands within 400 feet. Gonzales San Antonio ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĨŽĐŝŽĨůĂŶĚƵƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ĂƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚ development increases over the coming decades. Therefore, this ŵŽĚĞůƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞƐĂƌĞĂƐǁŝƚŚĂŚŝŐŚƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘/Ŷ ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ůĂŶĚƵƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĞdžƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĨŽůůŽǁ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ͕ŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƐƵďĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŶƐĞůĂŶĚƵƐĞƌĂĚŝĂƚĞƐ 0 20 Miles Victoria ŽƵƚĨƌŽŵŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĞdžŝƐƟŶŐƌŽĂĚĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͘ZĞĐŽŐŶŝnjŝŶŐ ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ƚŚŝƐƚƌĞŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƚŽƐŚĂƉĞůĂŶĚƵƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJnjŽŶĞƐĨŽƌƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǁĞƌĞĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ ůĂŶĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐŽƌǁŝƚŚŝŶŽŶĞŵŝůĞŽĨŵĂũŽƌŚŝŐŚǁĂLJƐ͘ Development Corridors

2019 29

WƌŝŵĞ&ĂƌŵůĂŶĚ^ŽŝůƐĂƌĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƚŽƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ GUADALUPE BASS FISH PRIORITY AREAS agriculture throughout the country.86ƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐĂŶĚ ĂŐƌŽǁŝŶŐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͛ĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌĨŽŽĚƌŝƐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĨĞƌƟůĞƐŽŝůƐǁŝůů Kerrville ďĞĐŽŵĞĞǀĞŶŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ƌĂŶĐŚŝŶŐŝƐĂƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ San Marcos cultural cornerstone within the basin and the establishment of ǁŝŶĞƌŝĞƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂŐƌŽǁŝŶŐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ͘WƌŝŵĞĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚƐŽŝůƐŽīĞƌ New Braunfels immense cultural and economic value, while also providing the open Seguin space that many wildlife species consider home. Gonzales San Antonio Ecological resources ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞEĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ 0 20 Miles ĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕DƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞdĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů&ĂƵŶĂ ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ Ecological Index. ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ Victoria 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&W^ĐŽƌĞ EĂƚŝǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶƌĞĂƐ;E&ƐͿ ĂƌĞƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĨĂƐLJƐƚĞŵĂƟĐ͕ ,ŝŐŚsĂůƵĞ ŵƵůƟͲƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŵĞƚŚŽĚŽĨĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶ͘LJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ

ĂŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂĐƟŽŶƚŚĂƚďĂůĂŶĐĞƐƚŚĞ >ŽǁsĂůƵĞ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚŶĞĞĚƐŽĨŵĂŶLJƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ͕E&ƐŵĂŬĞŝŵƉĂĐƞƵůĮƐŚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ͘31 Species included in the assessment &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϮ͘džĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͗'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͘ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ;Micropterus treculii) and the following &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϯ͘džĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͗dĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů&ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdž͘ ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚŽƌĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚĮƐŚ͗ůůŝŐĂƚŽƌ'Ăƌ;Atractosteus spatulaͿ͖ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶĞů;Anguilla rostrataͿ͖WĂůůŝĚ^ŚŝŶĞƌ;,LJďŽƉƐŝƐ TERRESTRIAL FAUNA ECOLOGICAL INDEX amnisͿ͖/ƌŽŶĐŽůŽƌ^ŚŝŶĞƌ;EŽƚƌŽƉŝƐĐŚĂůLJďĂĞƵƐͿ͖ƵƌƌŚĞĂĚŚƵď Kerrville (DĂĐƌŚLJďŽƉƐŝƐŵĂƌĐŽŶŝƐͿ͖'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŽƵŶĚŶŽƐĞDŝŶŶŽǁ;Dionda San Marcos ŇĂǀŝƉŝŶŶŝƐͿ͖,ĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌĂƞŝƐŚ;/ĐƚĂůƵƌƵƐůƵƉƵƐͿ͖tŝĚĞŵŽƵƚŚůŝŶĚĐĂƚ (^ĂƚĂŶĞƵƌLJƐƚŽŵƵƐͿ͖dŽŽƚŚůĞƐƐůŝŶĚĐĂƚ;dƌŽŐůŽŐůĂŶŝƐƉĂƩĞƌƐŽŶŝͿ͖^ĂŶ New Braunfels Marcos Gambusia ('ĂŵďƵƐŝĂŐĞŽƌŐĞŝͿ͖&ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĂƌƚĞƌ;Etheostoma Seguin ĨŽŶƟĐŽůĂͿ͖'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƌƚĞƌ;WĞƌĐŝŶĂĂƉƌŝƐƟƐͿ͖ĂŶĚZŝǀĞƌĂƌƚĞƌ Gonzales (Percina shumardi). San Antonio

'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐĂƌĞŐŝǀĞŶƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ 0 20 Miles ŝŶƚŚŝƐŵŽĚĞůĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŝƌƵŶŝƋƵĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ĂŶĚ ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ economic importance. The dataset for this work was based on a ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ ƐƉĂƟĂůĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŵŽĚĞůƚŚĂƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĐůŝŵĂƟĐ͕ŚLJĚƌŽůŽŐŝĐ͕ĂŶĚ Victoria ƚŽƉŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŚŝŐŚƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚLJĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶĂƌĞĂƐ TFEI Score for this species.87dŚĞƉƌĞĚŝĐƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞƚŚĞŶĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶĞĚďĂƐĞĚŽŶ ,ŝŐŚsĂůƵĞ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĂĐĐŽƵŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞͬĂďƐĞŶĐĞŽĨ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐŝŶ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌǁĂƚĞƌƐŚĞĚƐ͘ >ŽǁsĂůƵĞ ϯϬ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

Mussel Priority Areas ĂƌĞďƵīĞƌƐĂƌŽƵŶĚ dĂďůĞϯ͘&ŽĐĂů^ƉĞĐŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞdĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů&ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdž͘ ƐĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨƌŝǀĞƌǁŝƚŚŬŶŽǁŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ Edwards Western Gulf WŽƐƚKĂŬ ůĂĐŬůĂŶĚ ŽĨƚŚƌĞĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJŵƵƐƐĞůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͗ĨĂůƐĞ ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐEĂŵĞ Common Name Plateau Coastal Plain Savannah Prairie spike (Fusconaia mitchelli), Guadalupe ŝŵŽƉŚŝůĂďŽƩĞƌŝŝ ŽƩĞƌŝΖƐ^ƉĂƌƌŽǁ X ŝŵŽƉŚŝůĂƌƵĮĐĞƉƐ ZƵĨŽƵƐͲĐƌŽǁŶĞĚ^ƉĂƌƌŽǁ X orb (LJĐůŽŶĂŝĂƐŶĞĐŬŝ), and Guadalupe ŵŵŽĚƌĂŵƵƐůĞĐŽŶƚĞŝŝ >ĞŽŶƚĞƐ^ƉĂƌƌŽǁ X X fatmucket (>ĂŵƉƐŝůŝƐďĞƌŐŵĂŶŶŝͿ͘ŽƚŚ ŵŵŽĚƌĂŵƵƐŵĂƌŝƟŵƵƐ Seaside Sparrow X ƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŵŵŽĚƌĂŵƵƐƐĂǀĂŶŶĂƌƵŵ Grasshopper Sparrow X ǁĞƌĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŶĂƐĂĐƵƚĂ Northern Pintail X ǁŝƚŚ&ŝƐŚĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚĂī͘dŚĞƐĞ ŶĂƐĨƵůǀŝŐƵůĂ DŽƩůĞĚƵĐŬ X ŶĂdžLJƌƵƐŚŽƵƐƚŽŶĞŶƐŝƐ Houston toad X X priority areas were included because of the ŶƚŚƵƐƐƉƌĂŐƵĞŝŝ ^ƉƌĂŐƵĞΖƐWŝƉŝƚ X X vital ecological role mussels play in streams ŶƚƌŽƐƚŽŵƵƐĐĂƌŽůŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ ŚƵĐŬΖƐͲǁŝůůΖƐͲǁŝĚŽǁ X ĂŶĚƌŝǀĞƌƐ͘ƐĮůƚĞƌĨĞĞĚĞƌƐ͕ŵƵƐƐĞůƐŚĞůƉ ƌĞƚŚĂĞĂƉŚĂŶƚĂƐŵĂ ZŝŽ'ƌĂŶĚĞdŚƌĞĂĚͲůĞŐŐĞĚŬĂƚLJĚŝĚ X keep water clear and provide an important ƵƚŽŵĞƌŝƐůŽƵŝƐŝĂŶĂ >ŽƵŝƐŝĂŶĂĞLJĞĚƐŝůŬŵŽƚŚ X LJƚŚLJĂĂŵĞƌŝĐĂŶĂ ZĞĂĚŚĞĂĚ X ĨŽŽĚƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘WŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŽŵďƵƐƉĞŶƐLJůǀĂŶŝĐƵƐ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶĞĞ X X of many Texas freshwater mussels are ƵƚĞŽůŝŶĞĂƚƵƐ ZĞĚƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌĞĚŚĂǁŬ X X ĚĞĐůŝŶŝŶŐĚƵĞƚŽ͗ĚĞĐƌĞĂƐĞĚƐƚƌĞĂŵŇŽǁ͖ ƵƚĞŽƉůĂŐŝĂƚƵƐ Gray Hawk X ƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͖ĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͖ůĂĐŬŽĨ ĂůĐĂƌŝƵƐƉŝĐƚƵƐ ^ŵŝƚŚƐ>ŽŶŐƐƉƵƌ X ŶĂƟǀĞĮƐŚŚŽƐƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŵƵƐƐĞůƐ͛ůĂƌǀĂů ĞŵŽƉŚŽƌĂĐŽĐĐŝŶĞĂůŝŶĞƌŝ Texas Scarlet Snake X ĞŶŽƉŚĞŶŐƵƐƉĂůůŝĚƵƐ Glowworm beetle X ƐƚĂŐĞ͖ĂŶĚŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŚĂƌĂĚƌŝƵƐŵĞůŽĚƵƐ Piping Plover X ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞnjĞďƌĂŵƵƐƐĞů͘88 ŚĂƌĂĚƌŝƵƐǁŝůƐŽŶŝĂ tŝůƐŽŶΖƐWůŽǀĞƌ X ŽůŝŶƵƐǀŝƌŐŝŶŝĂŶƵƐ EŽƌƚŚĞƌŶŽďǁŚŝƚĞ X X X X dŚĞdĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů&ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdž was ŽŶĞƉĂƚƵƐŵĞƐŽůĞƵĐƵƐ Hog-nosed Skunk X ŽƚĂůƉĂĐŽŶĐůĂŵĂƌĂ 'ŽůĚƐŵŝƚŚĞĞƚůĞ X X created by the TPWD, who assessed and ŽƟŶŝƐďŽLJůĞŝ Scarab beetle X X X assigned a score for various habitat areas ƌŽƚĂůƵƐŚŽƌƌŝĚƵƐ dŝŵďĞƌZĂƩůĞƐŶĂŬĞ X X based on the range and known habitat LJŶŽŵLJƐůƵĚŽǀŝĐŝĂŶƵƐ ůĂĐŬͲƚĂŝůĞĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞŽŐ X preferences of focal wildlife species in LJƌƚŽŶLJdžŵŽŶƚĞnjƵŵĂĞ DŽŶƚĞnjƵŵĂYƵĂŝů X each of the four ecoregions. The Edwards ĂŶĂƵƐƉůĞdžŝƉƉƵƐ Monarch X ĞŶĚƌŽŝĐĂĐŚƌLJƐŽƉĂƌŝĂ Golden-cheeked Warbler X WůĂƚĞĂƵŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϮϭĨŽĐĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ůĂĐŬůĂŶĚ ƌLJŵĂƌĐŚŽŶŵĞůĂŶƵƌƵƐĞƌĞďĞŶŶƵƐ Texas Indigo Snake X Prairie includes 25 focal species, Post ƌLJŽĐŽƉƵƐƉŝůĞĂƚƵƐ Pileated Woodpecker X KĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϮϳĨŽĐĂůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ŐƌĞƩĂĐĂĞƌƵůĞĂ >ŝƩůĞůƵĞ,ĞƌŽŶ X X and Coastal Prairie Includes 45 focal ƵŐůĂŶĚŝŶĂƚĞdžĂƐŝĂŶĂ Glossy wolfsnail X &ĂůĐŽĨĞŵŽƌĂůŝƐ ƉůŽŵĂĚŽ&ĂůĐŽŶ X species. For a full list of focal species in the &ĂůĐŽƉĞƌĞŐƌŝŶƵƐ Peregrine Falcon X 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ƐĞĞdĂďůĞϯ͘ 'ĞŽŵLJƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂƚƵƐ ĂƌƌŝĞƌ/ƐůĂŶĚWŽĐŬĞƚ'ŽƉŚĞƌ x 'ĞŽŵLJƐƚĞdžĞŶƐŝƐƚĞdžĞŶƐŝƐ >ůĂŶŽƉŽĐŬĞƚŐŽƉŚĞƌ X 'ůĂƵĐŝĚŝƵŵďƌĂƐŝůŝĂŶƵŵ &ĞƌƌƵŐŝŶŽƵƐWLJŐŵLJͲKǁů X 'ƌĂƉƚĞŵLJƐĐĂŐůĞŝ CaglesMapTurtle X X 'ƌƵƐĂŵĞƌŝĐĂŶĂ Whooping Crane X ,ĞƚĞƌŽĚŽŶŶĂƐŝĐƵƐ Western hognosed snake X X ,ŽůďƌŽŽŬŝĂůĂĐĞƌĂƚĂ ^ƉŽƚƚĂŝůĞĂƌůĞƐƐůŝnjĂƌĚ X

2019 31 dĂďůĞϯĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ͘&ŽĐĂů^ƉĞĐŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞdĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů&ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdž͘ Edwards Western Gulf WŽƐƚKĂŬ ůĂĐŬůĂŶĚ ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐEĂŵĞ Common Name Plateau Coastal Plain Savannah Prairie ,ŽůďƌŽŽŬŝĂƉƌŽƉŝŶƋƵĂƉƌŽƉŝŶƋƵĂ EŽƌƚŚĞƌŶŬĞĞůĞĚĞĂƌůĞƐƐůŝnjĂƌĚ X X /ĐƚĞƌƵƐŐƌĂĚƵĂĐĂƵĚĂ ƵĚƵďŽŶΖƐKƌŝŽůĞ X >ĂŶŝƵƐůƵĚŽǀŝĐŝĂŶƵƐ >ŽŐŐĞƌŚĞĂĚ^ŚƌŝŬĞ X X X >ĞŽƉĂƌĚƵƐƉĂƌĚĂůŝƐ KĐĞůŽƚ X >ĞƉŝĚŽĐŚĞůLJƐŬĞŵƉŝŝ <ĞŵƉΖƐZŝĚůLJ^ĞĂdƵƌƚůĞ X >ĞƉƚŽĚĞŝƌĂƐĞƉƚĞŶƚƌŝŽŶĂůŝƐƐĞƉƚĞŶƚƌŝŽŶĂůŝƐ northern cat-eyed snake X >ŝƚŚŽďĂƚĞƐĂƌĞŽůĂƚƵƐ;ZĂŶĂĂƌĞŽůĂƚĂͿ ƌĂǁĮƐŚĨƌŽŐ X X X >ŝƚŽƌŝĂŝŶĨƌĂĨƌĞŶĂƚĂ tŚŝƚĞ>ŝƉƉĞĚ&ƌŽŐ X >ƵƚƌĂĐĂŶĂĚĞŶƐŝƐ ZŝǀĞƌKƩĞƌ X X DĂĐƌŽĐŚĞůLJƐƚĞŵŵŝŶĐŬŝŝ ůůŝŐĂƚŽƌ^ŶĂƉƉŝŶŐdƵƌƚůĞ X DĂůĂĐůĞŵLJƐƚĞƌƌĂƉŝŶ Diamondback Terrapin X DĞůĞĂŐƌŝƐŐĂůůŽƉĂǀŽ Wild Turkey X EŽƚŽƉŚƚŚĂůŵƵƐŵĞƌŝĚŝŽŶĂůŝƐ ďůĂĐŬͲƐƉŽƩĞĚEĞǁƚ X EƵŵĞŶŝƵƐĂŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƵƐ >ŽŶŐͲďŝůůĞĚƵƌůĞǁ X KƌƚĂůŝƐǀĞƚƵůĂ Chachalaca X WĂƌŬĞƐŝĂŵŽƚĂĐŝůůĂ >ŽƵŝƐŝĂŶĂtĂƚĞƌƚŚƌƵƐŚ X WĂƐƐĞƌŝŶĂĐŝƌŝƐ WĂŝŶƚĞĚƵŶƟŶŐ X X WŚƌLJŶŽƐŽŵĂĐŽƌŶƵƚƵŵ dĞdžĂƐŚŽƌŶĞĚůŝnjĂƌĚ X X WŝƌĂŶŐĂƌƵďƌĂ Summer Tanager X X X WŽŐŽŶŽŵLJƌŵĞdžĐŽŵĂŶĐŚĞ Comanche harvester ant X X WƌŽƚŽŶŽƚĂƌŝĂĐŝƚƌĞĂ Prothonotary Warbler X X WƵŵĂĐŽŶĐŽŶůŽƌ DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶ>ŝŽŶ X ZĂůůƵƐĞůĞŐĂŶƐ <ŝŶŐZĂŝů X ZLJŶĐŚŽƉƐŶŝŐĞƌ ůĂĐŬ^ŬŝŵŵĞƌ X ^ĞƚŽƉŚĂŐĂĚŽŵŝŶŝĐĂ zĞůůŽǁdŚƌŽĂƚĞĚtĂƌďůĞƌ X ^ŝƌĞŶ/ŶƚĞƌŵĞĚŝĂ >ĞƐƐĞƌ^ŝƌĞŶ X ^ŽŵĂƚŽĐŚůŽƌĂŵĂŐĂƌŝƚĂ Texas Emerald X X ^ƉŝůŽŐĂůĞƉƵƚŽƌŝƵƐ ĂƐƚĞƌŶ^ƉŽƩĞĚ^ŬƵŶŬ X X ^ƉŝnjĂĂŵĞƌŝĐĂŶĂ Dickcissel X X ^ƉŝnjĞůůĂƉƵƐŝůůĂ Field Sparrow X X ^ƚƵƌŶĞůůĂŵĂŐŶĂ Eastern Meadowlark X X ^LJůǀŝůĂŐƵƐĂƋƵĂƟĐƵƐ ^ǁĂŵƉZĂďďŝƚ X dĂdžŝĚĞĂƚĂdžƵƐ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶĂĚŐĞƌ X dĞƌƌĂƉĞŶĞŽƌŶĂƚĂ KƌŶĂƚĞďŽdžƚƵƌƚůĞ X dŚĂŵŶŽƉŚŝƐƐŝƌƚĂůŝƐĂŶŶĞĐƚĞŶƐ Texas Garter Snake X X X dLJŵƉĂŶƵĐŚƵƐĐƵƉŝĚŽĂƩǁĂƚĞƌŝ Greater Prairie-Chicken X dLJƌĂŶŶƵƐĨŽƌĮĐĂƚƵƐ Scissor-tailed Flycatcher X X hƌƐƵƐĂŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƵƐ ůĂĐŬĞĂƌ X sŝƌĞŽĂƚƌŝĐĂƉŝůůĂ ůĂĐŬͲĐĂƉƉĞĚsŝƌĞŽ X sŝƌĞŽďĞůůŝŝ ĞůůΖƐsŝƌĞŽ X ϯϮ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌ

2019 33

FINDINGS dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƐĞĐƟŽŶƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ^ŝnjĞĐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶǁĂƐŽǀĞƌϭ͕ϮϴϬĂĐƌĞƐ͘KĨƚŚĞϮϯϭƉĂƌĐĞůƐŽĨƚŚĂƚƐŝnjĞ͕ϳϲ ĂŶĚůŽŽŬƐĂƚŚŽǁƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ ǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ;ϯϯйͿ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ŽĨƚŚĞϰϭ͕ϰϴϴĂĐƌĞƐŝŶ WƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϭͿ͘dŚĞƐĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐĂƌĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶ ƚŚĞďƵīĞƌƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚũĂĐĞŶĐLJƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĚĂƚĂ͕ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚďĞƐƚĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ĂƌĞĂ͕ϵ͕ϯϰϮĂĐƌĞƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ;ϮϯйͿ͘ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌŝŶƉƵƚ͘ tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞWƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ͕ǁĂƚĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ dĂďůĞϰ͘^ƵŵŵĂƌLJŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ approximately 37% of the value in the model, while cultural and ecological areas along with the total amount of each resource within the study area. resources each contributed approximately 32% and 31% of the value Total Amount Amount of ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ͘dŚĞƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƐϯϴϬ͕ϲϯϬĂĐƌĞƐĂƐƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ of Resource Resource in Top ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĂƐͶĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJϭϬйŽĨƚŚĞϯ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϲϵϳͲĂĐƌĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ in Study Area priority areas ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϮͿ͘dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϮ͕ϲϳϰ͕ϮϲϯĂĐƌĞƐ;ϳϬйͿ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ (% of total) ƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚϭ͕ϭϮϲ͕ϰϯϰĂĐƌĞƐ;ϯϬйͿƚŚĂƚĚŝĚŶŽƚ dŽƚĂůĐƌĞĂŐĞ 380,630 ŵĞĞƚƚŚĞĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂĨŽƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞLJǁĞƌĞĞŝƚŚĞƌ Number of Parcels 876 ŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂƌĞĂƐ͕ƵŶĚĞƌϭϬϬĂĐƌĞƐŝŶƐŝnjĞ͕ŽƌĂůƌĞĂĚLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘dŚĞƚŽƉ Total ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĂƌĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝnjĞĚďLJƚŚĞŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ǀĞƌĂŐĞƉĂƌĐĞůƐŝnjĞ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 435 ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐ DĂũŽƌ^ƉƌŝŶŐƵīĞƌƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 8,402 2,209 (26%) ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƟŵĞĂŶĚŵŽŶĞLJĐĂŶďĞƉƵƚƚŽŵĂdžŝŵƵŵĞīĞĐƚ͘ ƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 934,782 112,622 (12%) <ĂƌƐƚƌĞĂƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 382,052 64,253 (17%) dĂďůĞϰůŝƐƚƐƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞŽĨĞĂĐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŝŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͕ƚŚĞƚŽƚĂů

Water Public Water Supply Surface Intakes (acres) 414,842 131,987 (32%) acreage of each resource within the study area, and the percentage of each ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 787,486 137,427 (17%) resource found within the top priority areas. Water resources contained in the top priority areas ranged from 12% to 32% of total resource acreage ϯϬϯ/ŵƉĂŝƌĞĚtĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƵīĞƌƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 15,025 3,258 (22%) ŝŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘KĨƚŚĞƐĞ͕WƵďůŝĐtĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ/ŶƚĂŬĞƐŚĂĚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚ EƵŵďĞƌŽĨWĂƌĐĞůƐKǀĞƌϭ͕ϮϴϬĂĐƌĞƐ 231 76 (33%) ůĞǀĞůŽĨƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐŝƐůŝŬĞůLJĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨŝƚƐĐŽͲŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ WƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ>ĂŶĚƵīĞƌ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 41,488 9,342 (23%) ǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ĂƐŝƚŚĂĚŽŶůLJĂŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞǀĂůƵĞŝŶ Development Corridors (acres) 1,106,671 178,156 (16%) Cultural ƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͘ƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐ͕<ĂƌƐƚƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ Prime Farmland Soils (acres) 1,133,323 130,512 (12%) ŚĂĚůŽǁĞƌůĞǀĞůƐŽĨƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐŝƐůĂƌŐĞůLJĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞƚŽƚĂů EĂƟǀĞ&ŝƐŚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĂƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 2,975,987 369,655 (12%) amount of these resources within the study area. 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 8,274 3,936 (48%) ƵůƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƌĂŶŐĞĚĨƌŽŵϭϮйƚŽϯϯйƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞ DƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ;ĂĐƌĞƐͿ 119,259 44,065 (37%)

WƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ͘dŚĞƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĚϭϲйŽĨ Ecological High Terrestrial Fauna Ecological Index 389,621 64,249 (16%) Development Corridors and 12% of Prime Farmland Soils. The largest Parcel (acres) ϯϰ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

KǀĞƌĂůů͕ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵϭϮ to 48%, were most strongly represented in the WƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ^ĐĞŶĂƌŝŽ;dĂďůĞϰͿ͘dŽƉ priority areas captured 48% of the areas with ĂŚŝŐŚƐĐŽƌĞĨŽƌ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ ƌĞĂƐĂŶĚϯϳйŽĨDƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͘>ŽǁĞƌ percentages of the areas with high Terrestrial &ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdžƐĐŽƌĞƐ;ϭϲйͿĂŶĚE&Ɛ (12%) are captured in the top priority areas. For E&Ɛ͕ƚŚŝƐŝƐĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJůĂƌŐĞĂƌĞĂ covered by the resource within the study area (nearly 3 million acres).

ŝīĞƌŝŶŐƉĂƩĞƌŶƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ are evident across the basin due to the varied ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ĞůŽǁ͕ǁĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌ͕ĞŶƚƌĂů͕ĂŶĚ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶƐ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůLJƚŽĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĞdžƉůŽƌĞƚŚĞƉĂƩĞƌŶŽĨŚŝŐŚ ǀĂůƵĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐŝŶĞĂĐŚĂƌĞĂ͘

UPPER BASIN dŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϭϭϲ͕ϴϱϵĂĐƌĞƐŽĨ top priority areas (Figure 14). These areas are ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJĚŝƐƉĞƌƐĞĚ͕ĂƐĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƚŚŽƐĞŝŶƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂůĂŶĚ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĚƵĞŝŶůĂƌŐĞƉĂƌƚ ƚŽƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐ͕ <ĂƌƐƚƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚE&ƐƚŚĂƚĐŽǀĞƌůĂƌŐĞƐǁĂƚŚƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐƐƟůůƐŽŵĞĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͘dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞĂƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞDƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ ĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ĂŶĚ ϯϬϯ/ŵƉĂŝƌĞĚtĂƚĞƌǁĂLJƵīĞƌƐ͘DĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ areas also fall within the Development Corridor.

ǁĂLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͕ŵĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞ dŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚϰϴйŽĨĂƌĞĂƐǁŝƚŚŚŝŐŚƐĐŽƌĞƐĨŽƌ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͘WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJ top priority areas are large with moderate or dŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌΞϮϬϭϴ͕:ĞŶŶŝĨĞƌ/ĚŽů͘ high Terrestrial Fauna Ecological Index scores. 2019 35

WƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ>ĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞŽĨƐŽŵĞ CENTRAL BASIN of the top priority areas. There is a cluster of top priority areas around dŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϭϯϲ͕ϯϱϴĂĐƌĞƐŽĨƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂ;&ŝŐƵƌĞ ,ŽŶĞLJƌĞĞŬ^ƚĂƚĞEĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞĂĂŶĚ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬ;ŝŶŽŵĂů ϭϱͿ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐϯϭ͕ϮϳϱĂĐƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞ͕ ŽƵŶƚLJͿ͕ǁŝƚŚŚŝŐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŝƌWƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ which is split between 18,121 acres in Comal County and 13,154 acres >ĂŶĚƐ͕ǀĞƌLJŚŝŐŚdĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů&ĂƵŶĂĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů/ŶĚĞdžƐĐŽƌĞƐ͕ZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶ ŝŶ,ĂLJƐŽƵŶƚLJ͘dŽƚŚĞĞĂƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞ͕ƚŽƉ ŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚDƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͘ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĂƌĞƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJƐŵĂůůĂŶĚĐůƵƐƚĞƌĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶĂŶĚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJďĞƚǁĞĞŶEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐĂŶĚ^ĞŐƵŝŶ ƚƚŚĞŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͕ĂĐŽŵƉůĞdžŽĨƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚ>ƵůŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƐĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞǁŝƚŚWƵďůŝĐ ĂƌĞĂƐĐŽǀĞƌƐŽǀĞƌϰϭ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽŽǀĞƌϭϲ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐŽĨĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ Water Supply Surface Intakes, areas with high Terrestrial Fauna Ecological ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐŝŶ<ĞƌƌŽƵŶƚLJ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƐŽīĞƌƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ /ŶĚĞdžƐĐŽƌĞƐ͕WƌŝŵĞ&ĂƌŵůĂŶĚ^ŽŝůƐ͕ĂŶĚ͕ƚŽĂůĞƐƐĞƌĞdžƚĞŶƚ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ ƚŽďƵŝůĚƵƉŽŶĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚ͕ĞdžƉĂŶĚŝŶŐǁŝůĚůŝĨĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚĂŶĚ &ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͘KĨĮƐŚͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞǀŝƚĂůŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͘EŽƚĂďůLJ͕ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞĂƐĂƌĞŶŽƟĐĞĂďůLJƵŶĚĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ͕ǁŚŝůĞĂůŵŽƐƚƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞĞŶƚƌĂů ĐůƵƐƚĞƌĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞďĂƐƐĂŶĚƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJŚŝŐŚ ĂƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐE&Ɛ͘ƵĞƚŽƚŚĞĂďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞŽĨE&ƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͕ Terrestrial Fauna Ecological Index scores. Much of this land also occurs ƚŚŝƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĞůƉĚŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƐŚďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚŝƐ within the Development Corridor.

UPPER BASIN PRIORITY AREAS GILLESPIE BLANCO EDWARDS

Blanco River

KERR Kerrville KENDALL REAL

er Gua lupe Riv 0 10 Miles da ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ BANDERA ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ Top Priority Parcels ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ COMAL &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϰ͘dŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶƚŽƚĂůŝŶŐϭϭϲ͕ϴϱϵĂĐƌĞƐ͘ ϯϲ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

region. It does, however, add to their overall ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞ͘ CENTRAL BASIN PRIORITY AREAS TRAVIS ŶŽƚŚĞƌĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͕WƌŽdžŝŵŝƚLJƚŽ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ>ĂŶĚ͕ĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚŽƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞŽĨƚŚĞƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐ ĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞŵ͘ŽƚŚ&ƌĞĞŵĂŶZĂŶĐŚĂŶĚ ,ĂůŝĨĂdžZĂŶĐŚŝŶ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂďƵƚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƚŽƉ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƉĂƌĐĞůƐ͘ŶŽƚŚĞƌŶŽƚĂďůĞĮŶĚŝŶŐŝƐƚŚĂƚ HAYS r ive of the 25,116 acres of top priority areas in San Bla o R Marcos, nearly 60% (14,100 acres) of these lands nc contain Prime Farmland Soils. COMAL Plum C reek The Development Corridor that runs between Canyon San Marcos ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚ>ƵůŝŶŐĐůŽƐĞůLJĨŽůůŽǁƐƚŚĞ^ĂŶ Lake DĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐ͕ DƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ &ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͘^ĞǀĞƌĂůƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐŝŶ 35 S ĂŶĚĂƌŽƵŶĚ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĨĂůůǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞDĂũŽƌ a ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐƵīĞƌƐnjŽŶĞ͕ƐŽŵĞŽĨǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂůƌĞĂĚLJ n CALDWELL M ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ͕ůŝŬĞ^ƉƌŝŶŐ>ĂŬĞEĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞĂ͘ a ĐůƵƐƚĞƌŽĨƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚůĂŶĚũƵƐƚŶŽƌƚŚŽĨEĞǁ rc os ƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĂDĂũŽƌ^ƉƌŝŶŐƵīĞƌ͕ R ĂŶĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůůĂƌŐĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐŝŶƚŚĞǁĞƐƚĞƌŶ New Braunfels iv GUADALUPE er ƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĂŝŶǀŝƚĂůǁĂƚĞƌ Luling ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƌĞĂƐĂŶĚ <ĂƌƐƚƌĞĂƐ͘

LOWER BASIN 0 5 Miles Seguin /ŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͕ϭϮϳ͕ϰϭϯĂĐƌĞƐŽĨƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ĂƌĞĂƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ;&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϲͿ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ G ua 40,564 acres within the Western Gulf Coastal ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ da lupe Plains ecoregion. Top priority areas follow the Top Priority Parcels River 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂŶĚ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZŝǀĞƌƐ͕ǁŝƚŚĚĞŶƐĞ ĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞ ĐůƵƐƚĞƌƐƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐŽĨ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐĂŶĚ ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ GONZALES sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ͘dŚĞƐĞƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐŚĂǀĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŚŝŐŚ &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϱ͘dŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶƚŽƚĂůŝŶŐϭϯϲ͕ϯϱϴĂĐƌĞƐ͘ ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐĨŽƌƐĞǀĞƌĂů 2019 37 reasons. First, these areas lie largely within the Development Corridor ;ǁŚŝĐŚĐůŽƐĞůLJĨŽůůŽǁƐƌŝǀĞƌƐͿĂŶĚƐĞĐŽŶĚ͕ƚŚĞZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶŽƌƌŝĚŽƌĂůŽŶŐ LOWER BASIN PRIORITY AREAS ƐƚƌĞƚĐŚĞƐŽĨƌŝǀĞƌĐůŽƐĞƚŽďŽƚŚĐŝƟĞƐĂƌĞŵŽƌĞĞdžƉĂŶƐŝǀĞƚŚĂŶĂůŽŶŐŽƚŚĞƌ͕ CALDWELL more rural, stretches. This proximity to the river also results in high scores ĨŽƌE&Ɛ͕DƵƐƐĞůWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ&ŝƐŚWƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƌĞĂƐ͕ FAYETTE ǁŚŝĐŚĂůůĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂƐ͘

ƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐŝŵƉĂĐƚƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌŚĂƐŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞĚůĂŶĚƐ͕ƚŚĞĂƌĞĂƐ LAVACA ĂƌŽƵŶĚ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐĂŶĚsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚWƌŝŵĞ&ĂƌŵůĂŶĚ^ŽŝůƐĂŶĚ Gonzales ƚŚĞsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂĂƌĞĂŚĂƐŵĂŶLJƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐǁŝƚŚůĂƌŐĞWĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ ƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĂƌĞĂƐĂƌŽƵŶĚsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂĂůƐŽŚĂǀĞǀĞƌLJŚŝŐŚƐĐŽƌĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ Sa Terrestrial Fauna Ecological Index. nd GONZALES ie s C Notably, there are few top priority areas situated away from rivers in this re ek ƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘dŚŝƐŝƐůĂƌŐĞůLJĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJŽĨůĂŶĚƐƐŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚ ŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌďĞŝŶŐŵĂĚĞƵƉŽĨǀĞƌLJƐŵĂůůƉĂƌĐĞůƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĞƌĞŶŽƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵŽĚĞů͘KĨƚŚŽƐĞĂƌĞĂƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞůĂƌŐĞĞŶŽƵŐŚ ƚŽďĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ͕ŵŽƐƚǁĞƌĞŝŶƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƐƚƐŝnjĞĐůĂƐƐĨŽƌƚŚĞWĂƌĐĞů^ŝnjĞ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͘

G tĞůĚĞƌ&ůĂƚƐĂƚ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽĂLJŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶ͘WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨƚŚĞ DEWITT u a DĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌ͘ d a VICTORIA lu pe KARNES R iv er Victoria

0 10 Miles GOLIAD ^ƚƵĚLJƌĞĂŽƵŶĚƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ>ĂŶĚƐ ŽƵŶƚLJ>ŝŶĞƐ Top Priority Parcels ZŝǀĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞĞŬƐ REFUGIO &ŝŐƵƌĞϭϲ͘dŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶƚŽƚĂůůŶŐϭϮϳ͕ϰϭϯĂĐƌĞƐ͘ ϯϴ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

WŚŽƚŽďLJŚƌŝƐKƐǁĂůƚ

2019 39

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS /ŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶǁŝůů ǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJĨŽƌLJĞĂƌƐƚŽĐŽŵĞ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞ ZĞĐŚĂƌŐĞŽŶĞŚĂǀĞĂůƌĞĂĚLJďĞĞŶĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͘ ƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ͕ĂƌŐƵĂďůLJ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐŝŶŽŵĂůŽƵŶƚLJƐŚŽƵůĚ͕ This imminent development will take many ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͛ƐŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƋƵŝĨĞƌ͕ŝƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚ therefore, be increased to enhance the forms, much of which will be detrimental to the ũƵƐƚǁĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞ/ͲϯϱĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐĞǀĞŶĂ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůǁŽƌŬĂůƌĞĂĚLJŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐŝŶhǀĂůĚĞ͕ ĂƌĞĂ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ĂŶĚĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ percentage of the 30,515 acres of top priority DĞĚŝŶĂ͕ĞdžĂƌ͕,ĂLJƐ͕ĂŶĚdƌĂǀŝƐŽƵŶƟĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞ /ƚŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƚŚĂƚƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐƚĂŬĞ ĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞŝŶŽŵĂůĂŶĚ,ĂLJƐ ĐŽƵŶƟĞƐŚĂǀĞƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĂĐƟŽŶƚŽƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͛ƐĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ŽƵŶƟĞƐǁŝůůƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƚŚŝƐŐƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞnjŽŶĞĂĐƌĞĂŐĞ͕ƐŽ and natural features, which are vital to its and support waterwise resource planning. expanding this work will not only bring new ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ͘dŚĞƐĞĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ůĂŶĚƐŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶďƵƚǁŝůůĂůƐŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͛ƐďĞĂƵƚLJĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ǁŚŝůĞ This work is vital because there is not a great ƚŚĞŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚĂůƌĞĂĚLJŵĂĚĞŝŶŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƟĞƐ͘ providing raw materials for industry, high- ĚĞĂůŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂůĂƐŝŶĂƐ WŽƚĞŶƟĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐŝŶŽŵĂůŽƵŶƚLJ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ŇŽŽĚĚĂŵĂŐĞŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽĐŽƵŶƟĞƐďŽƚŚŶŽƌƚŚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚŚ could be further enhanced through the use of a ƐŽŝůƐƚĂďŝůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůůĂŶĚ͘1LJ ŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ǁŚĞƌĞŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐŽĨ green infrastructure framework, ƵƟůŝnjŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨĂĐƌĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ where rural and urban interests can be combined stewards can expediently conserve these vital ƚŽƌĞĂůŝnjĞƚŚĞŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚǀĂůƵĞŽĨŽƉĞŶ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐďLJƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐůĂŶĚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŝĐŚĞƐƚ Potential conservation ƐƉĂĐĞ͕ŶŽƚŽŶůLJĨŽƌƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶďƵƚĨŽƌĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀĂůƵĞ͘ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ďLJŽǀĞƌůĂLJŝŶŐ ecosystem services as well. top priority areas with known history, current efforts in Comal County ĂĐƟǀŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚĨƵƚƵƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ could be further enhanced /ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐĐĂŶďĞ should also include terrestrial resources. discovered. through the use of a green Flooding is of great concern in the Central infrastructure framework, ĂƐŝŶ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞDĞŵŽƌŝĂůĂLJŇŽŽĚƐŽĨϮϬϭϱ If the goal is to maintain a healthy region, the ĐŽƐƟŶŐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶΨϯϰŵŝůůŝŽŶŝŶ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚ /ͲϯϱĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌŝƐĐƌŝƟĐĂů͘ƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚŝƐĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌĂƌĞ where rural and urban Wimberley.89LJƐƚĂďŝůŝnjŝŶŐƐŽŝůƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ under high risk of development, but there is also interests can be combined ŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞ͕ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐĐĂŶƌĞĂƉƚŚĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞǁŽƌŬƚŽ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚǁĂƚĞƌŝŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶ͕ďĞƩĞƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘KĨƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŝƐ to realize the multifaceted ĮůƚĞƌĞĚƌƵŶŽī͕ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚǁĂƚĞƌƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĐŽƐƚƐ͕ access to clean and abundant water. Two of the value of open space, not ĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐĞĚƉĞĂŬŇŽǁƐĚƵƌŝŶŐƌĂŝŶĞǀĞŶƚƐ͘50 ƚĞŶŵĂũŽƌǁĂƚĞƌŝŶƚĂŬĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ Conserving prime agricultural farmland in areas lie along the I-35 corridor. These intakes provide only for recreation but ŽĨĨĂƐƚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚĐĂŶďĞĂŐƌĞĂƚǁĂLJ ǁĂƚĞƌĨŽƌƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůŽƵƐĐŝƟĞƐŽĨ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ for enhanced ecosystem to achieve this. The health of these lands is not ĂŶĚEĞǁƌĂƵŶĨĞůƐ͘LJƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞƐĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ services as well. ŽŶůLJŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞĨŽƌĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚLJ waters, stewards can help ensure a healthy (which will become increasingly important as ϰϬ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶͲĚƌŝǀĞŶĨŽŽĚĚĞŵĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŶƐŝĮĞƐͿ͕ďƵƚ ƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ ŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͕ĂƐŚĞĂůƚŚLJĂƋƵĂƟĐ ĐĂŶĂůƐŽŚĞůƉŵŝƟŐĂƚĞŇŽŽĚŝŶŐďLJĂůůŽǁŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ could protect an even broader array of endemic ĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶŚĞůƉĮůƚĞƌƚŚĞŚŝŐŚƉŽůůƵƟŽŶůŽĂĚ from impermeable surfaces to soak into the ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚĂŶĂƌĞĂůƌĞĂĚLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘KŶĞ ĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌ͛ƐƉĂƚŚ͘dŚŝƐ ground. For example, of the 25,116 acres of top noteworthy example highlighted by this analysis work is vitally important, because it will help priority area in San Marcos, nearly 60% (14,100 ŝƐĂŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJƚŽĂĚĚŽǀĞƌϰϬ͕ϬϬϬĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐ protect the precarious Whooping Crane breeding ĂĐƌĞƐͿĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƉƌŝŵĞĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ͘LJ ĂĐƌĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐƉĂĐĞƚŽƚǁŽĂůƌĞĂĚLJ grounds along the coast, along with countless ĂůŝŐŶŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĚĂƚĂǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ͛ ƐŝnjĂďůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶďůŽĐŬƐŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ͘ ŽƚŚĞƌŵĂƌŝŶĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐůŝǀŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞŐƵůĨ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐ͘ established goal of conserving environmentally These areas would create a far larger complex ƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞĂƌĞĂƐŝŶŝƚƐd:ĂŶĚǁŝƚŚŝŶŝƚƐĐŝƚLJůŝŵŝƚƐ͕ ŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͕ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚŝŶŐ dŚĞƐĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚũƵƐƚĂƐŵĂůůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ stewards can take advantage of an opportunity ƚŚĞŚĞĂĚǁĂƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂŶĚ of the numerous ways that this analysis can be ƚŽůĞǀĞƌĂŐĞĚŝƐƟŶĐƚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐƚŽ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝŶŐĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƵƐĞĚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŶĞǁĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƐĂƟƐĨLJŵƵůƟƉůĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŐŽĂůƐ͘ ĞīĞĐƚƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶ͘ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ƚŚƵƐĐůŽƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐŐĂƉ͘KŶĐĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƌĞĂƐŽĨǁŽƌŬ >ŝŬĞǁŝƐĞ͕ƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐŶĞĂƌ ƐǁĂƚĞƌƐƚƌĂǀĞůϮϱϬŵŝůĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚŽƐĞ are devised, stewards can then address the ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐŝŶƚŚĞhƉƉĞƌĂƐŝŶ headwaters to the Gulf of Mexico, they are ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŐĂƉďLJĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝŶŐŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂƵŶŝƋƵĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJƚŽĞdžƉĂŶĚĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ŝŶƵŶĚĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƌƵŶŽīĂŶĚƉŽůůƵƚĂŶƚƐ͘dŚŝƐ͕ĂůŽŶŐ needed to move this process forward. This ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ǁŝƚŚƐƚƵŶƚĞĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚůŝŵŝƚĞĚ work can be achieved through development resources. Stewarding larger areas is important, ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJŵĂŬĞƚŚĞ>ŽǁĞƌĂƐŝŶĂ ŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚƉŽůŝĐLJͲďĂƐĞĚƐƚĞǁĂƌĚƐŚŝƉ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƐǀĂůƵĂďůĞĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐ ƵŶŝƋƵĞůLJǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͖ƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ habitat while reducing management costs. This several features that can be leveraged to greatly ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ͖ĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ŝƐďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂůĨŽƌŵĂŶLJǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ĂƐƐŽŵĞ increase its cultural, ecological, and economic ǁŝƚŚǁŝůůŝŶŐůĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌƐ͖ĂŶĚĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞůĂƌŐĞƌƐƉĂĐĞƐĨŽƌďƌĞĞĚŝŶŐ͕ŚƵŶƟŶŐ͕ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐLJ͘EĞĂƌƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŽĨ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͕ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ƚŚĞE& and territorial behavior. Expanding refuges in top priority areas contain prime farmland soils, workshop framework has proven to be successful which provides an opportunity to partner in other basins and has resulted in research, with local agricultural groups and farmers to invasive species removal, wildlife habitat These areas would create ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƚŽĐŽŵĞ͘ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂů a far larger complex LJƉĂƌƚŶĞƌŝŶŐƵŶĚĞƌĂŐƌĂŶƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐ acreage that provides ecosystem services.90 ƚŚĞEZ^ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ/ŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ'ƌĂŶƚŽƌƚŚĞ of conservation lands, dĞdžĂƐ&ĂƌŵΘZĂŶĐŚůĂŶĚWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĨĞĞƐŝŵƉůĞƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞƐ͕ further safeguarding ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞďĞƩĞƌŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ and landowner engagement can all be leveraged management regimes of these farms. ƚŽďƌŝŶŐĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůĂŶĚƐŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ the headwaters of the dŚĞŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͛ƐĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ Guadalupe River and ^ŽƵƚŚŽĨ'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵĂŶLJƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵ4 is a prime example of Texas delivering compounding ĂƌĞĂƐĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞƐƚƌĞƚĐŚŽĨƌŝǀĞƌƚŚĂƚŇŽǁƐĨƌŽŵ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǀŝĂĂĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ 'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂƚŽƚŚĞ'ƵůĨŽĨDĞdžŝĐŽ͘ ĞĂƐĞŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĨĞĞƐŝŵƉůĞĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶƐ͘ positive ecological effects This includes 40,564 acres of top priority areas There, rural landowners are working with throughout the basin. in the Western Gulf Coastal Plains ecoregion. ƵƌďĂŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĞƚŚĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂůŽŶŐƚŚŝƐƐƚƌĞƚĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌ upon which they all depend. Through their

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/ŶƚŚĞĐĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐŝŶ͕ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ƉŚŝůĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŝĐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶďƵLJĞƌƐ͕ĂĚǀŽĐĂĐLJ The results of active ƚŽƉƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJĂƌĞĂƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂŵĂũŽƌƐƚĞƉƚŽ groups, and land trusts. In doing so, they will conservation aligned with ƉƵƐŚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ͘tŝƚŚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚ bolster the ecosystem services this basin has to funding and support, the current interests of ŽīĞƌ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐǁŝůĚůŝĨĞŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ƐƉƌŝŶŐƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ WKHSULRULWLHVLGHQWLÀHG landowners in the area can be harnessed to ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚŇŽŽĚĚĂŵĂŐĞ͕ŶĂƚƵƌĂůďĞĂƵƚLJ͕ĂĐůĞĂŶ here will be a landscape ĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĂůůLJĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞĨĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ ǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ͘1 The ĂƐŝŶŽǀĞƌƚŚĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͘ƌŵĞĚǁŝƚŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨĂĐƟǀĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂůŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ composed of working land, ƚŚŝƐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐƚŽŽů͕ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚŚĞƌĞǁŝůůďĞĂůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ FOHDQÁRZLQJULYHUVDQG ĐĂŶĨŽĐƵƐƚŚĞŝƌĞīŽƌƚƐƚŽŵĂdžŝŵŝnjĞŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĐŽŵƉŽƐĞĚŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐůĂŶĚ͕ĐůĞĂŶŇŽǁŝŶŐƌŝǀĞƌƐ͕ as they form partnerships with landowners, and robust habitats that support community robust habitats that support ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ͕ƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚĨĞĚĞƌĂůĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨŽƌŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƚŽĐŽŵĞ͘ community success for generations to come. dŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͛ƐŶĂƚƵƌĂůďĞĂƵƚLJĂŶĚĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƌŽůĞĂƌĞŝƌƌĞƉůĂĐĞĂďůĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝŶ͘WŚŽƚŽĐŽƵƌƚĞƐLJŽĨƚŚĞDĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌ͘ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ŽǀĞƌϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬĂĐƌĞƐŽĨƌĂŶĐŚĂŶĚ ĨĂƌŵůĂŶĚ͕ĐƌŝƟĐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ĂŶĚĂƋƵŝĨĞƌƌĞĐŚĂƌŐĞ areas have been protected in perpetuity. ZĞĐĞŶƚůLJ͕ǀŽƚĞƌƐƌĞŶĞǁĞĚƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁŝƚŚĂŶ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůΨϵϬŵŝůůŝŽŶĂůůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ years.

ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĐŽ͕hƉƉĞƌ San Marcos, and Pedernales Watersheds, ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐĂƌĞƵƐŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶƐ͕ůŝŬĞƚŚĞŽŶĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐ document, to strategically assemble a network ŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚƚŽŐĂůǀĂŶŝnjĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚĚŽŶŽƚƐŚĂƌĞďŽƌĚĞƌƐďƵƚ do share common interests associated with clean drinking water sources, development, ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶůĂŶĚƐ͘dŚĞƐĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĞƐĐĂŶ ďĞƌĞƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐŐƌĞĂƚůLJ ĞdžƉĂŶĚĞĚ͕ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƵƟůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĂƟŽŶƐŝŶŶĞŝŐŚďŽƌŝŶŐ watersheds to complement this work. ϰϮ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

SOURCES ϭ͘ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJΘdĞdžĂƐŽŵŵŝƐ- ϵ͘ dĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐΘtŝůĚůŝĨĞ͘WĂůŵĞƩŽ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬͶdĞdžĂƐ ϭϳ͘dWt<ŝĚƐ͗dĞdžĂƐ'ƵůĨŽĂƐƚ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚƉǁĚ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ ƐŝŽŶŽŶŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůYƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ϮϬϭϯůĞĂŶƌŝǀĞƌƐ WĂƌŬƐΘtŝůĚůŝĨĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͘dĞdžĂƐWĂƌŬƐĂŶĚtŝůĚ- ŐŽǀͬŬŝĚƐͬĂďŽƵƚͺƚĞdžĂƐͬƌĞŐŝŽŶƐͬŐƵůĨͺĐŽĂƐƚͬďŝŐͺŬŝĚƐͬ͘ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵďĂƐŝŶƐƵŵŵĂƌLJƌĞƉŽƌƚ͗'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ ůŝĨĞ͕WĂůŵĞƩŽ^ƚĂƚĞWĂƌŬŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚƉǁĚ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬ ĂŶĚ>ĂǀĂĐĂͲ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞŽĂƐƚĂůĂƐŝŶƐ͘;ϮϬϭϯͿ͘ ƐƚĂƚĞͲƉĂƌŬƐͬƉĂůŵĞƩŽ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ϭϴ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ&ŝƐŚĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ŶŶƵĂů tŚŽŽƉŝŶŐƌĂŶĞ^ƵƌǀĞLJͲƌĂŶƐĂƐͲh͘^͘&ŝƐŚĂŶĚ Ϯ͘ dĞdžĂƐtĂƚĞƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĂƌĚ͘ŽŵƉůĞƚĞtĂƚĞƌ ϭϬ͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘ŽůĞƚŽƌĞĞŬ tŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ƌĂŶƐĂƐEĂƟŽŶĂůtŝůĚůŝĨĞZĞĨƵŐĞ͗ ĞŵĂŶĚWƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐŝŶdĞdžĂƐďLJZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ͗ϮϬϮϬͲ WĂƌŬ͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͕tĞůĐŽŵĞ dĞdžĂƐŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĨǁƐ͘ŐŽǀͬƌĞĨƵŐĞͬĂƌĂŶƐĂƐͬƐĐŝ- ϮϬϳϬǁĂƚĞƌĚĞŵĂŶĚƉƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐďLJƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐƌĞŐŝŽŶ ƚŽŽůĞƚŽƌĞĞŬWĂƌŬŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŐďƌĂ͘ŽƌŐͬĐŽůĞƚŽ- ĞŶĐĞͬǁŚŽŽƉŝŶŐͺĐƌĂŶĞͺƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ͘Śƚŵů;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ǁŝƚŚĮŐƵƌĞƐĨŽƌĐŽƵŶƟĞƐ͕ĐŝƟĞƐ͕ƵƟůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĐŽƵŶƚLJͲ ĐƌĞĞŬƉĂƌŬͬĚĞĨĂƵůƚ͘ĂƐƉdž;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ŽƚŚĞƌƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐ͘dĞdžĂƐtĂƚĞƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĂƌĚ ϭϵ͘dĞdžĂƐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůYƵĂůŝƚLJΘ'ƵĂ- ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚǁĚď͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬǁĂƚĞƌƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐͬĚĂƚĂͬ ϭϭ͘ƐŚĞƌ͕:͕͘ĞƌƚĞůƐĞŶ͕D͘ΘK͛dŽŽůĞ͕D͘ZĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘ϮϬϭϴůĞĂŶZŝǀĞƌƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐͬϮϬϮϮͬĚĞŵĂŶĚƉƌŽũ͘ĂƐƉ;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘ ĞƐŝŐŶ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĨŽƌdĞdžĂƐ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJZŝƉĂƌŝĂŶ WƌŽŐƌĂŵĂƐŝŶ^ƵŵŵĂƌLJZĞƉŽƌƚ͗'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ ƌĞĂƐ͘;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘ ĂŶĚ>ĂǀĂĂͲ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞŽĂƐƚĂůĂƐŝŶƐ͘ϭϯϮ;ϮϬϭϴͿ͘ ϯ͘ dƌƵƐƚĨŽƌWƵďůŝĐ>ĂŶĚƐ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ͕ůĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨŵĞƌŝĐĂ͛ƐĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ϭϮ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ&ŝƐŚΘtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘^ƉĞĐŝĞƐWƌŽĮůĞ ϮϬ͘dŚŽŶŐĚĂ͕t͘ĞƚĂů͘^ƉĞĐŝĞƐͲĚŝĂŐŶŽƐƟĐ^EWŵĂƌŬĞƌƐ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘;ϮϬϬϰͿ͘ ĨŽƌdĞdžĂƐǁŝůĚͲƌŝĐĞ;ŝnjĂŶŝĂƚĞdžĂŶĂͿ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŵĞŶƚĂů ĨŽƌƚŚĞďůĂĐŬďĂƐƐĞƐ;DŝĐƌŽƉƚĞƌƵƐƐƉƉ͘Ϳ͗ĂŶĞǁƚŽŽů ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶKŶůŝŶĞ^LJƐƚĞŵŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĞĐŽƐ͘ĨǁƐ͘ŐŽǀͬ ĨŽƌďůĂĐŬďĂƐƐĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ŽŶ- ϰ͘ ŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͘ĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĞĐƉϬͬƉƌŽĮůĞͬƐƉĞĐŝĞƐWƌŽĮůĞ͍ƐƉĐŽĚĞсYϮϰ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ'ĞŶĞƚZĞƐŽƵƌ;ϮϬϭϵͿĚŽŝ͗ϭϬ͘ϭϬϬϳͬƐϭϮϲϴϲͲ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ;WWͿ͘ŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽ͕WĂƌŬƐĂŶĚZĞĐ- ϬϭϵͲϬϭϭϬϵͲϴ͘ ƌĞĂƟŽŶĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƐĂŶĂŶƚŽŶŝŽ͘ŐŽǀͬ ϭϯ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ&ŝƐŚΘtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘^ƉĞĐŝĞƐWƌŽĮůĞ ĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ĨŽƌ&ŽƵŶƚĂŝŶĚĂƌƚĞƌ;ƚŚĞŽƐƚŽŵĂĨŽŶƟĐŽůĂͿ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŶ- Ϯϭ͘h^^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ>ŝŶĞ͘h^ĂŶƚĂĂƌďĂƌĂŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ- ŵĞŶƚĂůŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶKŶůŝŶĞ^LJƐƚĞŵŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĞĐŽƐ͘ ůŝŶĞ͘ƵĐƐď͘ĞĚƵͬŐĞƚŬĞLJ͘ƉŚƉ͍ŬĞLJсϰϱϯϮ;ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ ϱ͘ ^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉ͘ŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽƐƉĂƟĂůŵŽĚĞůƚŽ ĨǁƐ͘ŐŽǀͬĞĐƉϬͬƉƌŽĮůĞͬƐƉĞĐŝĞƐWƌŽĮůĞ͖ũƐĞƐƐŝŽŶŝĚсϲ ŝĚĞŶƟĮLJŚŝŐŚͲƉƌŝŽƌŝƚLJƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĚǁĂƌĚƐ ϭϵϬϭϴϮ&ϱϮϳϴϭϮϲϮϳϯϯϱϭϮϰ͍ƐƉĐŽĚĞсϬϬd ϮϮ͘ŶƌŝƋƵĞnj͕͘:͕͘'ĞůǁŝĐŬ͕&͘W͘ΘWĂĐŬĂƌĚ͕:͘D͘ZĞ- ƋƵŝĨĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽŐƌĂŵWƌŽũĞĐƚ^ƵŵŵĂƌLJ͘ ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ^ĞĂƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͕ŽƵƌƚƐŚŝƉĂŶĚEĞƐƟŶŐŝŶ ;ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ;DŝĐƌŽƉƚĞƌƵƐƚƌĞĐƵůŝŝͿ͘ĂŵŝĚϭϳϲ͕ ϭϰ͘ŝĚƐŽŶ͕:ĂŶĚ^ŵĞŝŶƐ͕&͘͘dĞdžĂƐůĂĐŬůĂŶĚWƌĂŝƌŝĞƐ͘ ϭϳϯʹϭϴϱ;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘ ϲ͘ ^ƚŽǁĞƌƐZĂŶĐŚ>ĂŶĚĂŶĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ tŽƌůĚtŝůĚůŝĨĞ&ƵŶĚŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ǁŽƌůĚǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ͘ŽƌŐͬ WŝĞĐĞŽĨdĞdžĂƐ^ŝŶĐĞϭϵϬϰ͘^ƚŽǁĞƌƐZĂŶĐŚ>ĂŶĚĂŶĚ ĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐͬŶĂϬϴϭϰ͘ Ϯϯ͘ŽŶŶĞƌ͕d͘,͘ΘĞĂŶ͕W͘d͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐ;Dŝ- tŝůĚůŝĨĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƐƚŽǁĞƌƐƌĂŶĐŚ͘ ĐƌŽƉƚĞƌƵƐƚƌĞĐƵůŝŝͿ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŝŽůŽŐLJŽĨ&ŝƐŚĞƐ ĐŽŵͬĂďŽƵƚ;ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ ϭϱ͘^ŵĞŝŶƐ͕&͘͘ΘŝĂŵŽŶĚ͕͘͘ZĞŵŶĂŶƚ'ƌĂƐƐůĂŶĚƐ ;ϮϬϬϳͿĚŽŝ͗ϭϬ͘ϭϬϬϳͬƐϭϬϲϰϭͲϬϬϴͲϵϯϱϭͲϵ͘ ŽĨƚŚĞ&ĂLJĞƩĞWƌĂŝƌŝĞ͕dĞdžĂƐ͘dŚĞŵĞƌŝĐĂŶDŝĚůĂŶĚ ϳ͘ dĞdžĂƐ^ƚĂƚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘&ƌĞĞŵĂŶĞŶƚĞƌ͘dĞdžĂƐ^ƚĂƚĞ͕ EĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐƚϭϭϬ͕ϭʹϭϯ;ϭϵϴϯͿ͘ Ϯϰ͘^ƵƐƚĂŝŶŝŶŐŵĞƌŝĐĂ͛ƐƋƵĂƟĐŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJͲƌĂLJĮƐŚ KĸĐĞŽĨZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚ^ƉŽŶƐŽƌĞĚWƌŽŐƌĂŵƐͬͬǁǁǁ͘ ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƉƵďƐ͘ ƚdžƐƚĂƚĞ͘ĞĚƵͬĨƌĞĞŵĂŶƌĂŶĐŚͬ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ϭϲ͘dWt͗WůĂŶƚ'ƵŝĚĂŶĐĞďLJĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐͲͲĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶϯ Ğdžƚ͘ǀƚ͘ĞĚƵͬĐŽŶƚĞŶƚͬƉƵďƐͺĞdžƚͺǀƚͺĞĚƵͬĞŶͬϰϮϬͬϰϮϬͲ ʹWŽƐƚKĂŬ^ĂǀĂŶŶĂŚ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚƉǁĚ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬŚƵŶƚ- ϱϮϰͬϰϮϬͲϱϮϰ͘Śƚŵů͘ ϴ͘ ^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉ͘^ƚĂƚĞŽĨƚŚĞ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘;ŝŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐͿ͘ ǁŝůĚͬǁŝůĚͬǁŝůĚůŝĨĞͺĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJͬǁŝůĚƐĐĂƉĞƐͬĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶƐͬ ĞĐŽƌĞŐŝŽŶͺϯ͘ƉŚƚŵů͘

2019 43

Ϯϱ͘ZŝǀĞƌĂͲ'ĂƐƉĞƌşŶ͕^͘>͕͘ƌĚŝůĂͲĂŵĂĐŚŽ͕͘ΘŽŶƚƌĞ- ϯϱ͘ŝĞƚnj͕D͘͘ΘůĂƵƐĞŶ͕:͘͘^ƚŽƌŵǁĂƚĞƌƌƵŶŽīĂŶĚ ϰϯ͘ZŽĐŚĂ͕͘ƌŽƵŐŚƚůĞĂǀĞƐ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞƚƵďĞƌƐ͕ďƵƐŝ- ƌĂƐͲZĂŵŽƐ͕͘ŝŽŶŽŵŝĐƐĂŶĚĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽĨ ĞdžƉŽƌƚĐŚĂŶŐĞƐǁŝƚŚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶĂƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ŶĞƐƐŚŝŐŚĂŶĚĚƌLJͮ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐDĞƌĐƵƌLJͮ>ŽĐĂů DĞŐĂůŽƉƚĞƌĂ>ĂƌǀĂĞ;ŽďƐŽŶŇŝĞƐ͕&ŝƐŚŇŝĞƐ͕ůĚĞƌ- ĂŶĚůŽǁŝŵƉĂĐƚƐƵďĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͘:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶ- EĞǁƐĨƌŽŵ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐĂŶĚ,ĂLJƐŽƵŶƚLJ͕dĞdžĂƐ͘^ĂŶ ŇŝĞƐͿ͘/ŶƐĞĐƚƐϭϬ͕;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ƚĂůDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚϴϳ͕ϱϲϬʹϱϲϲ;ϮϬϬϴͿ͘ DĂƌĐŽƐDĞƌĐƵƌLJ;ϮϬϭϯͿ͘ Ϯϲ͘DĂĐĂĚĂŵ͕͘Z͘Θ^ƚŽĐŬĂŶ͕:͘͘DŽƌĞƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚĮƐŚ ϯϲ͘DĞĂĚŽǁƐĞŶƚĞƌĨŽƌtĂƚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ ϰϰ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů&ůŽǁƐZĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐZĞ- ĨŽŽĚ͗ĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌ ,ŽǁŵƵĐŚǁĂƚĞƌŝƐŝŶƚŚĞWĞĚĞƌŶĂůĞƐ͍ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƉŽƌƚ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚĐĞƋ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬĂƐƐĞƚƐͬ ŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ͘ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŶƚŽŵŽůŽŐLJϰϬ͕ϭϭϯʹϭϮϯ;ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĂĐƟŽŶ ƉƵďůŝĐͬƉĞƌŵŝƫŶŐͬǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJͬǁĂƚĞƌͺƌŝŐŚƚƐͬ ƉůĂŶ͘;ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ ĞŇŽǁƐͬϮϬϭϭϬϯϬϭŐƵĂĚďďĞƐƚͺƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ƉĚĨ Ϯϳ͘ŝƌĚƐŽŶŐ͕d͘ĞƚĂů͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂƐƐZĞƐƚŽƌĂƟŽŶ/ŶŝƟĂ- ;ϮϬϭϭͿ͘ ƟǀĞϮϬϭϴŶŶƵĂůZĞƉŽƌƚ͘ϴŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚƉǁĚ͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬ ϯϳ͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲ ƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐͬƉǁĚƉƵďƐͬŵĞĚŝĂͬƉǁĚͺƌƉͺƚϯϮϬϬͺϮϬϳϵ͘ ůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ෴͗ĚǁĂƌĚƐƋƵŝĨĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞ ϰϱ͘'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞͲůĂŶĐŽZŝǀĞƌƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘/ŶƚĞƌŝŵ&ůŽŽĚ ƉĚĨ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŐďƌĂ͘ŽƌŐͬĚƌŽƵŐŚƚͬ WƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐWůĂŶ͘ϯϬŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬŐďƌĂ͘ŽƌŐͬĂďŽƵƚͬĐŽŶ- ĞĚǁĂƌĚƐĂƋƵŝĨĞƌ͘ĂƐƉdž͘ ƚĂĐƚ͘ĂƐƉdž;ϮϬϬϱͿ͘ Ϯϴ͘^ŝŐůŽ'ƌŽƵƉ͘ZŝŽ'ƌĂŶĚĞ&ŝƐŚĞƐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐƐĞƐƐ- ŵĞŶƚĂŶĚDĂƉƉŝŶŐ͘;ϮϬϭϴͿ͘ ϯϴ͘dĞdžĂƐtĂƚĞƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĂƌĚ͘ϮϬϮϭZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ϰϲ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ'ĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂů^ƵƌǀĞLJ͘&ůŽŽĚƐŝŶƚŚĞ tĂƚĞƌWůĂŶͲWŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐWƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌϮϬϮϬͲ 'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞĂŶĚ^ĂŶŶƚŽŶŝŽZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶƐŝŶdĞdžĂƐ͕ Ϯϵ͘KďƌŝĞŶ͕D͘ΘtĂůƚŽŶ͕D͘DƵƐƐĞů>ŽƐƐͲ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞEĂ- ϮϬϳϬĨŽƌǁĂƚĞƌƵƐĞƌŐƌŽƵƉƐďLJƌĞŐŝŽŶ͕ĐŽƵŶƚLJ͕ KĐƚŽďĞƌϭϵϵϴ͘ϰŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƉƵďƐ͘ƵƐŐƐ͘ŐŽǀͬĨƐͬ&^ͲϭϰϳͲ ƟŽŶͮEĂƟŽŶĂů^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͘EĂƟŽŶĂů^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚďĂƐŝŶŝŶdĞdžĂƐ͘ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁϮ͘ƚǁĚď͘ƚĞdžĂƐ͘ŐŽǀͬ ϵϵͬηĨŽŽƚйϮϬϯ;ϭϵϵϵͿ͘ &ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͕tŚĞƌĞŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐĞŐŝŶŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ ZĞƉŽƌƚ^ĞƌǀĞƌdžƚͬWĂŐĞƐͬZĞƉŽƌƚsŝĞǁĞƌ͘ĂƐƉdž͍й ŶƐĨ͘ŐŽǀͬŶĞǁƐͬƐƉĞĐŝĂůͺƌĞƉŽƌƚƐͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͺŶĂƟŽŶͬŵƵƐ- ϮĨWƌŽũĞĐƟŽŶƐйϮĨϮϬϮϮнZĞƉŽƌƚƐйϮĨƉŽƉͺth'ͺ ϰϳ͘WŝƩ͕Z͕͘>ĂŶƚƌŝƉ͕:͕͘,ĂƌƌŝƐŽŶ͕Z͕͘,ĞŶƌLJ͕͘>͘ΘyƵĞ͕ ƐĞůůŽƐƐ͘ũƐƉ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ĂƐŝŶΘƌƐ͗ŽŵŵĂŶĚсZĞŶĚĞƌ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ͘/ŶĮůƚƌĂƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŝƐƚƵƌďĞĚhƌďĂŶ^ŽŝůƐĂŶĚ ŽŵƉŽƐƚͲŵĞŶĚĞĚ^ŽŝůīĞĐƚƐŽŶZƵŶŽīYƵĂůŝƚLJ ϯϬ͘DĂĐŚƟŶŐĞƌ͕͘EĂƟǀĞ&ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌDƵƐƐĞůƐ͘;ϮϬϬϳͿ͘ ϯϵ͘^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐtĂƚĞƌͬtĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌĞƉĂƌŵĞŶƚ͘^ƵƌĨĂĐĞ ĂŶĚYƵĂŶƟƚLJ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŽƚĞĐ- ϯϭ͘tŝĞƌŵĂŶ͕͕͘tĂůŬĞƌ͕:͘ΘDŽƌĞŶŽ͕:͘,ŽǁŵƵĐŚǁĂ- tĂƚĞƌdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚWůĂŶƚ͘ŝƚLJŽĨ^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐ͕dy ƟŽŶŐĞŶĐLJϭϭ;ϭϵϵϵͿ͘ ƚĞƌŝƐŝŶƚŚĞ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ͗ƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJĚĂƚĂĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƐĂŶŵĂƌĐŽƐƚdž͘ŐŽǀͬĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐͬĨĂĐŝůŝƚLJͬĚĞƚĂŝůƐͬ ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞͲtĂƚĞƌͲdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚͲWůĂŶƚͲϮ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ϰϴ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĞŶƐƵƐƵƌĞĂƵ͘h͘^͘ĞŶƐƵƐƵƌĞĂƵ ĂŶĚŐĂƉĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͘ϰϵŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬŐĂƚŽͲĚŽĐƐ͘ŝƚƐ͘ƚdžƐƚĂƚĞ͘ YƵŝĐŬ&ĂĐƚƐ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĐĞŶƐƵƐ͘ŐŽǀͬƋƵŝĐŬĨĂĐƚƐͬ ĞĚƵͬũĐƌ͗ĨϯϱĂĚϭĂĨͲϴĚĞϵͲϰďĐĚͲďϰϳϮͲϱĞĨϰϵϯĨϵϮďĚϳ ϰϬ͘'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐŽƵŶƚLJhŶĚĞƌŐƌŽƵŶĚtĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĨĂĐƚͬƚĂďůĞͬůŽĐŬŚĂƌƚĐŝƚLJƚĞdžĂƐ͕ƐĞŐƵŝŶĐŝƚLJƚĞdžĂƐ͕ŶĞǁďƌĂ ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWůĂŶ͗'ŽŶnjĂůĞƐŽƵŶƚLJhŶĚĞƌ- ƵŶĨĞůƐĐŝƚLJƚĞdžĂƐ͕ǀŝĐƚŽƌŝĂĐŝƚLJƚĞdžĂƐ͕ŬĞƌƌǀŝůůĞĐŝƚLJƚĞdžĂƐ͕ƐĂ ϯϮ͘,ƵŶƚ͕͘hŶƐƚĞĂĚLJ^ƚƌĞĂŵĞƉůĞƟŽŶĨƌŽŵ'ƌŽƵŶĚ ŐƌŽƵŶĚtĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘;ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ ŶŵĂƌĐŽƐĐŝƚLJƚĞdžĂƐͬW^dϬϰϱϮϭϴ͘ tĂƚĞƌWƵŵƉŝŶŐ͘'ƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌϯϳ͕ϵϴʹϭϬϮ;ϭϵϵϵͿ͘ ϰϭ͘ĂůŚŽƵŶŽƵŶƚLJ'ƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘ ϰϵ͘>:WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů>ŝďƌĂƌLJ͘džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĂĚƌĂŵĂƟĐ ϯϯ͘<ŽŶƌĂĚ͕͘W͘īĞĐƚƐŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽŶ ĂůŚŽƵŶŽƵŶƚLJ'ƌŽƵŶĚǁĂƚĞƌŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƐƚŽƌLJŽĨdĞdžĂƐĂƚƚŚĞ>:>ŝďƌĂƌLJĂŶĚDƵƐĞƵŵ͘>: &ůŽŽĚƐ͘ϰŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƉƵďƐ͘ƵƐŐƐ͘ŐŽǀͬĨƐͬĨƐϬϳϲϬϯͬ;ϮϬϬϯͿ͘ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWůĂŶ͘;ϮϬϭϳͿ͘ WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů>ŝďƌĂƌLJŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ůďũůŝďƌĂƌLJ͘ŽƌŐͬƉƌĞƐƐͬ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞͲĂͲĚƌĂŵĂƟĐͲƐƚŽƌLJͲŽĨͲƚĞdžĂƐͲĂƚͲƚŚĞͲůďũͲ ϯϰ͘EĂƐƐĂƵĞƌ͕:͘/͕͘ůůĂŶ͕:͕͘͘:ŽŚĞŶŐĞŶ͕d͕͘<ŽƐĞŬ͕^͘ ϰϮ͘tŝŶƚĞƌ͕>͘ŝƚLJƐĂLJƐŶŽƚƚŽǁŽƌƌLJĂďŽƵƚǁĂƚĞƌ ůŝďƌĂƌLJ͘ ͘Θ/ŶĨĂŶƚĞ͕͘džƵƌďĂŶƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐƵďĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘^ĂŶDĂƌĐŽƐZĞĐŽƌĚ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͗īĞĐƚƐŽŶǁĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚƉƵďůŝĐ ϱϬ͘ŝnjŝŬ͕͘/ŶdĞdžĂƐ,ŝůůŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕Ă>ĂŶĚZƵƐŚĨŽƌƚŚĞ ƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶ͘hƌďĂŶĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐϳ͕ϮϲϳʹϮϴϭ;ϮϬϬϰͿ͘ ZŝĐŚ͘tĂůů^ƚƌĞĞƚ:ŽƵƌŶĂů;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘ ϰϰ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞZŝǀĞƌĂƐŝŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ

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2019