United States Agency for International Development Bureau of Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Office of Food for Peace

Fiscal Year 3 Quarter I Report (October-December 2016)

Promoting Agriculture Health and Alternative Livelihood (PAHAL) Program

Awardee Name and Host Country Mercy Corps/ Award Number AID-OAA-15-00001 Project Name Promoting Agriculture, Health & Alternative Livelihoods (PAHAL) Submission Date 26 January 2017 Reporting Fiscal Year FY 2017 Awardee HQ Contact Name Jared Rowell, Regional Manager, South and East Asia Awardee HQ Contact Address 45 SW Ankeny St NW Portland, OR 92704 Awardee HQ Contact Telephone Number 1-503-896-5853 Awardee HQ Contact Email Address [email protected] Host Country Office Contact Name Mark Pommerville Host Country Office Contact Telephone Number +977-1-501-2571 Host Country Office Contact Email Address [email protected]

PAHAL is a program financed by USAID and implemented by Mercy Corps and the following international and national consortium partners. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acronyms ...... iv Introduction ...... 5 Performance Summary ...... 5 Sub-io 1: Increased Access to Quality Health and Nutrition Services and Information ...... 6 1.1. Farmer Groups Trained On Nutritious Food Production Practices for Household Consumption ... 6 1.2. Vulnerable Populations Reached with Nutrition Messages ...... 7 Sub-io 2: Better Access to Improves Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services, Strategies, And Technologies ...... 8 2.2. Improved Drinking and Productive Water Services and Infrastructure ...... 8 2.3. Improved Post-ODF Planning, Implementation and Monitoring by Village Water Sanitation and Hygiene Coordination Committee (V-WASH-CC) and District Water Sanitation and Hygiene Coordination Committee (D-WASH-CC) ...... 10 2.4. Optimal Hygiene Promotion for Vulnerable Populations ...... 11 Sub-IO 3: Improved Access to Effective Disaster Risk Management Services, Strategies and Technologies ...... 12 3.1. Functional and Inclusive DRR Committees Established ...... 12 3.2. Functional Early Warning Systems (EWS) Established/Improved Climate Information Services. . 13 3.5. Household DRR Planning Campaign Implementation ...... 14 3.6. DRR Plans Mainstreamed Into Planning Process ...... 15 3.9. Improved Earthquake Preparedness of District and VDC Stakeholders and Beneficiaries ...... 15 Sub-IO 4: Improved Access to Appropriate and Diverse Financial Services and Products ...... 16 4.3. Informal S&L for Off-Farm Livelihoods Established ...... 16 Sub-IO 5: Improved Access to Dynamic and Responsive Agricultural and Non Agricultural Markets .... 17 5.1. Linkages to Profitable Off-Farm Markets Established...... 17 5.3. Linkages to Agriculture Buyers and Export Actors are Strengthened ...... 19 5.4. Improved Agriculture Collection and Aggregation Services ...... 20 5.5. Improved Quality of Agricultural Inputs and Services ...... 21 5.6. Improved Agricultural Infrastructure ...... 21 5.10. Access to Safe Migration Related Information ...... 21 5.11. Improved Agriculture Extension and Production Technology ...... 21 Sub-IO 6: Improved Access to Productive Natural Resources and Resource Management Systems...... 26 6.1. Community Forest Management Practices are Strengthened ...... 26

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Sub-IO 7: Increased Participation, Agency and Voice of Vulnerable Groups in Governance Processes ... 28 7.1. Increased Enabling Spaces (Political, Physical, Cultural, Social Capital) for Vulnerable Population ...... 28 7.2. Diverse Civil Society Groups Supported and Strengthened...... 28 7.3. Increased Capacity of Community Groups to Advocate for Accountability of Local Service Providers ...... 28 7.4. Community Based Social Accountability Mechanisms Practiced ...... 29 7.5. Increased Community Coordination with Government Programs and Activities ...... 29 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion ...... 29 Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning ...... 30 Challenges and Lessons Learned ...... 30 List of Annexes ...... 31

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Acronyms ALO Alternative Livelihood Officer CCA Climate Change Adaptation CFUG Community Forestry User Group CDO Chief District Officer DADO District Agriculture Development Office DAG Disadvantaged Group DC District Coordinator DDC District Development Committee DIP Detailed Implementation Plan DLSO District Livestock Office DSCO District Soil Conservation Office D/VWASH-CC District/Village Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Coordination Committee FFP Office of Food for Peace FG Farmer Group GESI Gender Equity and Social Inclusion GoN Government of Nepal HH Household IPM Integrated Pest Management KISAN Knowledge-based Integrated Sustainable Agriculture and Nutrition LNGO Local Non-Governmental Organization M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIT Micro Irrigation Technology MoAD Ministry of Agricultural Development MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development MoHA Ministry of Home Affairs MUS Multiple Water User System NGO Non-Governmental Organization ODF Open Defecation Free PAHAL Promoting Agriculture, Health and Alternative Livelihoods Program PC Project Coordinator USAID United States Agency for International Development VCA Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment VDC Village Development Committee WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WDO Women Development Office WUC Water User Committee

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INTRODUCTION

Promoting Agriculture, Health and Alternative Livelihoods (PAHAL) program is a $37 million, five-year United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiative designed to achieve food security among vulnerable populations in 14 districts in the middle and high hills of Far-West and Mid-West Nepal. PAHAL is a Development Food Assistance Project (DFAP) under the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA)/Office of Food for Peace (FFP) that takes a multi-dimensional, systems- based approach to address the underlying socio-political, economic and ecological constraints, and the related shock and stress exposure that drive food insecurity in Nepal. The program’s sub-purposes form the resilience pathways which would enable people of the vulnerable communities: 1. Better cope with and absorb shocks and stresses; 2. Adapt to better health and livelihood strategies in order to effectively reduce exposure to and impact of shocks and stresses; and 3. Recover quickly and ‘bounce back better’ through transformed systems in the face of shocks and stresses.

PERFORMANCE SUMMARY

In the first quarter FY17, PAHAL continued implementation work in the 75 VDCs that comprise the first phase of the program’s implementation strategy. PAHAL also initiated some preparatory activities in eight new VDCs during this quarter. For further information on the new VDCs incorporated into the programmatic activities, please refer to Annex A: List of PAHAL Working VDCs for Q1, FY 2017.

PAHAL activities involved over 8,500 households during the first quarter of fiscal year (FY) 2017. 67% of those households were in the Mid-West Region and 33% in the Far-West Region. A total of more than 11,300 individuals participated in PAHAL activities during the months of October, November and December at an average of 1.3 PAHAL participants per household. 62% of all participants were female. Nearly half (48%) participated in some type of agriculture training, which included nutrition and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) messaging/education activities integrated into kitchen garden training, as well as financial literacy training sessions. 4,144 individuals benefitted from nutrition trainings and 2,250 benefitted from WASH training during non-nutrition focused activities. These individuals have been included in Table 44 below under nutrition and WASH.

Table 1: Select PAHAL IPTT Indicators 94a. Percentage of female participants in USG‐assisted programs designed to increase 62% access to productive economic resources (assets, credit, income or employment) 95. Number of individuals who have received USG-supported short-term agricultural 1,557 sector productivity or food security training 97a. Number of households benefiting directly from USG assistance 8,548

Table 2 97a.: Number of Households Benefiting Directly from USG Assistance Far-West Region Mid-West Region Accham 411 Dailekh 408 Baitadi 282 Jajarkot 1,101 Bajhang 561 Pyuthan 576 Bajura 355 Rolpa 765 Darchula 873 Rukum 544 163 Salyan 1,567 Dadeldhura 149 Surkhet 793

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Sub-Totals 2,794 5,754 TOTAL (Both Regions): 8,548

Table 3: Number of Individuals Participating in PAHAL Activities by Location Far-West Region Mid-West Region Accham 520 Dailekh 482 Baitadi 372 Jajarkot 1,358 Bajhang 629 Pyuthan 631 Bajura 609 Rolpa 925 Darchula 1,067 Rukum 636 Doti 489 Salyan 2,438 Dadeldhura 353 Surkhet 829 Sub-Totals 4,039 7,299 TOTAL (Both Regions): 11,338

Table 4: Number of Individuals Participating in PAHAL Activities by Component Agriculture 5,421 Natural Resource Management 781 Alternative Livelihoods 221 Nutrition 4,571 Disaster Relief & Recovery 3,536 Water and Sanitation, Hygiene 2,650 Financial Services 1,531 Others 255 Note: Beneficiaries may have participated in more than one component. A sum of participants by component does not represent the total number of unique beneficiaries.

SUB-IO 1: INCREASED ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH AND NUTRITION SERVICES AND INFORMATION

1.1. Farmer Groups Trained On Nutritious Food Production Practices for Household Consumption

1.1.1. Kitchen garden promotion and capacity building (training, demonstration etc.) of HH on production of nutritious vegetable production and consumption

1.1.1.2 Training on kitchen gardening to vulnerable groups (HHs) on nutritious food production and consumption (one in each group)

A total of 154 training events were organized for farmer groups on kitchen gardens in the quarter that reached 3,410 beneficiaries (F: 2,657, M: 753). The major objective of this training was to provide knowledge on the importance of kitchen gardens, the selection, production and consumption of nutritious vegetable crops, and nursery management. With this training, vulnerable households were taught the importance of kitchen gardens and communities organized discussions on how to roll-out kitchen gardens to all households. Farmer group members started growing nurseries that would produce seedlings that can later be transplanted in kitchen gardens for increased vegetable production.

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1.1.1.3 Demonstration of kitchen gardening (whole year package)

PAHAL identified 69 lead farmers in the quarter for the purpose of demonstrating how to produce a variety of nutritious vegetable crops such as leafy vegetables, coriander, cauliflower, tomato, chilly, bitter guard, carrot, cabbage, and radish within a small plot land (kitchen garden) using climate smart technologies. Lead farmers are members of the farmer groups supported by PAHAL are able to demonstrate to their communities a step-by step process for vegetable production. Groups members are comprised from different households and different castes and ethnicity. This activity has helped bring different ethnic groups in the community together to improve food security and quality of life.

Fig 1: Members of farmer groups learning about different types of Fig 2: A female household member applying the knowledge and available vegetable seeds in the marketplace. skills obtained from the demonstration garden in her kitchen garden

1.1.2.1 Training and linkages to traders and suppliers

Four interaction meetings were organized by Market Planning Committees (MPCs) for farmers, input suppliers and vegetable traders (F: 49, M: 48), with technical and financial support from PAHAL, to establish linkages and networks. Feedback from community members about these meetings was positive and viewed as productive, introducing lead farmers to market actors from whom they can buy inputs required for kitchen garden vegetable production, including vegetable traders they can sell surplus vegetable production to. After these meetings, PAHAL discovered that some farmers became interested in linking their famer groups to more formal markets through stronger relationships developed with input suppliers and traders.

1.2. Vulnerable Populations Reached with Nutrition Messages

1.2.1. Capacity building of PAHAL staff and partner NGOs on nutrition through onsite coaching (session on gender dynamics in nutrition behavior practices included)

A three day Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) training was provided to 56 (F: 9, M: 47) regional and district level PAHAL staff. The main objective of the training was to enhance the knowledge of PAHAL’s regional and district level staff on nutrition messaging. The training was a result of strong collaboration with SUAAHARA, adopting their existing training materials for developing a new manual for this training. PAHAL’s partner organization, NTAG, who is also a technical partner on SUAAHARA, provided the training for this activity. The training helped PAHAL staff to refine their nutrition messaging and to clearly identify field level activities through which these messages can be

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disseminated to PAHAL households through different community groups, such as farmers groups, children’s clubs, saving and credit groups, Community Forest User Groups (CFUG) and more.

1.2.2. Coordination meeting with SUAAHARA II for nutrition activities implementation

In most of the PAHAL districts, SUAAHARA-II started its field implementation this quarter. As part of the coordination between the two programs, PAHAL met with the district-level SUAAHARA-II teams to inform each other of our activities and identify possible linkages in sectors around WASH and nutrition. One of the main linkages identified is that SUAAHARA II’s focus on the Golden 1000 days groups, male spouses, and mother-in-laws with the MIYCN messaging, while the PAHAL project is targeting the community groups including farmers groups, child clubs, community forest user groups and cooperative groups. In order to streamline the field level activities, the district teams will conduct a joint staff meeting on a regular basis. Further collaborations will include working together on school WASH interventions by mobilizing the field level staff and volunteers to maximize the effort in school WASH packages, as well as supporting the district level Women and Child Development Office to organize joint mass awareness raising campaigns.

1.2.3. Planning and review meeting for integrating nutrition messaging into PAHAL sector wide activities in the district level

As part of the monthly staff meeting, PAHAL district teams have kept nutrition messaging as one of the key agenda items for discussion. The Financial Services Officers, WASH Officers, NRM Officers and Agriculture Program Officers have identified activities in their work plan and developed nutritional messages to be disseminated through the team. For example, as part of the five-day financial literacy Training of Trainers, PAHAL included a session on nutrition. The nutrition related messages received by the participants will be disseminated to the community members in the field level during financial literacy trainings. Likewise, PAHAL plans to disseminate key nutrition messages through other sectors’ activities throughout FY17.

1.2.4. Facilitated community groups’ interaction meetings to find out how households are considering nutrition sensitivity messages as the priority agenda in their family after the intervention of nutrition messaging through other PAHAL sectors

Community interactions were conducted in Achham, Darchula, and Salyan districts in this reporting period where a total of 117 community members (F: 108, M: 9) participated. The purpose of the community group interaction meetings was to explore the change in perception and practice of households on nutrition upon receiving the nutrition messages through PAHAL. Feedback from community members has enabled the district team to make changes in the messaging and the methodologies used to disseminate messages and improve future uptake.

SUB-IO 2: BETTER ACCESS TO IMPROVES WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE SERVICES, STRATEGIES, AND TECHNOLOGIES

2.2. Improved Drinking and Productive Water Services and Infrastructure

2.2.1 Conduct participatory water resource assessment and feasibility study incorporating risk assessment

Additional pre-feasibility studies for gravity Multi-Use Water System (MUS), Hydram and Solar MUS continued in Q1. The study was completed to fully understand the technical, social, economic and environmental considerations necessary to holistically implement such services throughout the target

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communities. The WASH technical teams worked with community members to study the geographic condition of the sites, to ensure water source reliability/measurement, source conflict, and identify the number of beneficiary households, public institutions, clubs, community organizations, and the area of land available for irrigation. The team also identified a possible opportunities for collaboration and leveraging resources from community/other organizations. The details of the number of studies conducted in each of the types of water schemes are provided below.

2.2.1.1 Pre-feasibility study for gravity Multi-Use Water System (MUS)

46 pre-feasibility studies for gravity MUS were completed in the 14 PAHAL districts during this reporting period.

2.2.1.2 Pre-Feasibility Study for Hydram:

In Q1, two pre-feasibility studies were completed for Hydram, one each in the Mid-West and Far-West regions.

2.2.1.3 Pre-feasibility study for solar MUS

One pre-feasibility study was done for a solar MUS in the of the Mid-West region.

2.2.1.4 Water quality test for gravity MUS

To ensure that the available water is fit for drinking purposes, water quality tests were conducted at the source for all the gravity MUSs identified under 2.2.1.1. A water quality testing kit was used to test for coliform, chloride, ammonia and ph levels.

2.2.2. Engineering survey and design of MUS considering hazards, vulnerabilities and risks

2.2.2.5 Detail engineering survey for gravity MUS

Based on the information available from the pre-feasibility studies, detailed field engineering surveys were conducted. The technical team, together with responsible community members, was engaged in this activity. The team finalized the selection of the most stable and appropriate locations for all structures, such as source intake, collection chambers, distribution tanks, washouts, air valves, pipe alignments, reservoir tanks, tap stands and off-takes for irrigation purposes. Detailed engineering surveys were conducted with the help of Abney Level instruments.

2.2.2.6 Detailed engineering designs for gravity MUS

Thirteen detailed designs for gravity MUSs were completed with the information collected from the detailed engineering surveys conducted in this quarter. These detailed designs consist of field reports, which serve as the basis for project design, quantity and cost estimation, design drawings, schematic layouts and more. All tools will help field technicians execute project implementation and management effectively. Annex B: Design of a Simple Gravity MUS.

2.2.4. Formation of Multiple Water Use System Water Use Committees (MUS-WUC)

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2.2.4.3 Formation of inclusive MUS-Water User Committees (WUC) established for gravity MUS

21 MUS-WUCs were formed across all 14 districts and included 357 (F: 223, M: 134) participants. The newly formed MUS-WUCs will be registered under the Water Resource Act 2049 at the District Administrative Office and will be responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of each system. Each committee is comprised of a total of seven to nine members with consideration towards GESI initiatives and disadvantaged groups, including leadership and other responsible positions. These committees have the responsibility of supporting the technical team for the construction of the schemes by providing the estimated amount of local materials and local resources, starting and operationalizing the maintenance fund for the scheme with the beneficiary households, and initiating the process of the source registration with the local government.

2.2.6. Establish water source protection and conservation systems through plantation

2.2.6.1 Watershed management and source protection training

Nine watershed management and source protection trainings were conducted in the PAHAL districts for 234 (F: 161, M: 73) participants. The trainings were provided to communities to help them better understand the relationship between humans and the environment, in the local context, and its effect on natural resources, especially water. The training also provided information on the techniques of bio-engineering to that would help the communities conserve their water source. The training has helped the WUCs understand the importance of watershed management and source protection.

2.3. Improved Post-ODF Planning, Implementation and Monitoring by Village Water Sanitation and Hygiene Coordination Committee (V-WASH-CC) and District Water Sanitation and Hygiene Coordination Committee (D-WASH-CC)

2.3.1. Coordination meeting with D-WASH-CC and orientation to V-WASH-CC on total sanitation planning, implementation and monitoring

2.3.1.1 D-WASH-CC coordination meeting for the selection of the rest of PAHAL phase II VDC ` D-WASH-CC meetings with 232 (F: 29, M: 203) participants were conducted in Achham, Doti, Darchula, of the Far-West region, and Salyan, Dailekh and Jajarkot districts of the Mid-West region. The objective of the meeting was to inform the district WASH Coordination on the FY17 work plan and acquire the D-WASH-CC endorsement for the phase II PAHAL VDCs. The D-WASH-CCs have endorsed the proposed new VDCs in the above mentioned districts. However this activity had to be suspended in other districts as a result of PAHAL not extending its programs in the second phase VDCs. The district level teams are planning to conduct a meeting to inform the D-WASH-CC in Q2 to revert back its decision of working in the Phase II VDCs.

2.3.1.2 V-WASH-CC orientation on total sanitation planning, implementation and monitoring

A one day orientation was conducted with the V-WASH-CC members in Doti, Darchula and of Far-West region and of Mid-West region. The objective of the orientation was to inform the V-WASH-CC on the planned WASH and nutrition activities in the VDC, and to select the WASH volunteers through a participative approach. The event was attended by 228 (F: 103, M: 125) participants representing the V-WASH-CC members, school teachers, mother's group members, and LGCDP community mobilizers. During the orientation, the V-WASH-CC planned to form the ward level working committees to promote sanitation and hygiene-related behavior in their respective wards. In other districts this activities will be accomplished in Q2.

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2.3.3. Facilitate D-WASH-CC and V-WASH-CC to develop district and VDC total sanitation strategic plan

2.3.3.2 Support V-WASH-CC to conduct total sanitation workshop to develop VDC level total sanitation strategy plan

PAHAL facilitated a one day workshop for the V-WASH–CC on the total sanitation strategic plan preparation process in Marku VDC of Achham district. In addition to the total sanitation workshop, the PAHAL project staff facilitated a discussion on the gender dimensions of hygiene practices of women and girls during menstruation, after child birth, and associated health risks.

During the workshop, the participants were presented the 5+1 indicators of total sanitation and the importance of preparing a total sanitation strategy to achieve those indicators. In the end, 64 (F: 20, M: 44) V-WASH-CC members together drafted the total sanitation strategic plan. The orientation workshop in the other districts are planned for Q2.

2.3.6 Conducting mass awareness campaign in the district level like street drama and song competition on WASH

D-WASH-CC, in the presence of civil society, parties’ members, media, security forces, and representation from NGOs and other relevant stakeholders, conducted the district and VDC level sanitation awareness raising campaigns and hand washing demonstrations. The district level mass awareness campaign included street dramas and song competitions during Toilet Day. Positive messages on mal-practices around and Untouchability were highlighted and disseminated during the event. The District authorities and the development partners stated their commitment to work jointly with the D-WASH –CC to meet the set total sanitation targets.

2.4. Optimal Hygiene Promotion for Vulnerable Populations

2.4.1. School selection through coordination with D-WASH-CC/DEO on school WASH and nutrition selection of schools for school WASH and nutrition

D-WASH-CCs, supported by the District Education Offices (DEOs), conducted meetings in 11 of the 14 PAHAL districts and selected two new schools to roll out the school WASH and nutrition related activities in. The criteria for school selection were: 1) Lower secondary or secondary schools that can cover a VDC area or more and; 2) An existing WASH facility like drinking water, separate toilets for girls and boys but, having issues related to poor sanitation practices. The total participants for the meetings were 102 (F: 16, M: 86). The meetings for Bajhang, Accham and Bajura, the remaining three districts, will be conducted in Q2 of FY 2017.

2.4.4. Form/restructure inclusive school clubs, and develop their capacity on school WASH and nutrition

2.4.4.1 Child club formation/ reformation in selected schools

The selected school in organized a meeting and formed a child club to mobilize the school children and to enhance their knowledge and skills on WASH and nutrition so that they can promote the key WASH and nutrition messages throughout their school and community. A total of 152 (F: 81, M: 71) community members, of which 133 were students, participated in the school child club formation process in other districts, which will be continued in Q2.

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2.4.4.2. Training of child clubs in WASH and nutrition

Trainings on WASH and nutrition have been initiated in selected schools of PAHAL VDCs. The objective of these training is to enhance the knowledge and skills of children on WASH and nutrition so that they can play a change agent role by further disseminating the nutrition messages in schools and communities. The key training content includes the proper use of toilets, hand washing practices, personal hygiene, toilet cleanliness and maintenance, menstrual hygiene management, water treatment, waste disposal and school yard cleanliness. In addition, knowledge on total sanitation & school WASH indicator is provided, the importance of nutrition for the first golden 1,000 days target group is shared, the source and importance of vitamin A and iron rich foods is covered, and adolescent nutrition is also included. At the end of the training, child club members prepared an action plan to promote key WASH and nutrition information and behavior in FY 2017.

2.4.5. Conduct workshop to review action plan in Y2 School

A one day workshop was conducted on school WASH planning in Doti, Dadeldhura, Baitadi, Achham and Bajura districts schools. A total of 101 child club members (F: 45, M: 56) participated in the workshop. This workshop was used as a platform to review implementation progress of planned activities and to update the action plan.

2.4.6. School child club implementation of WASH and nutrition action plan

The school child clubs implemented the school WASH and nutrition action plans that have been prepared during the school WASH and nutrition training. The school WASH and nutrition activities include hand washing with soap practices, toilet use, consuming nutritious foods for better health, menstrual hygiene management and household water treatment. The children have also been cleaning the school yards and classrooms on a weekly basis. Child club members are visiting households throughout their communities and disseminating messages on hand washing at five critical times, and on the importance of keeping household toilets clean.

2.4.9. Mass awareness campaign on WASH and nutrition in VDC level

The World Toilet Day in all PAHAL VDCs was celebrated by conducting various awareness raising campaigns on WASH related practices. V-WASH-CCs conducted activities like rallies, speeches, essays, hand washing demonstrations, toilet cleaning and song competitions in local languages, through which a total of 2,134 (F: 1,023, M: 1,111) people participated. One of the slogans of this event was “toilet and job”, which helped the people to better understand the importance of toilet use for their health. Once they are healthy, they can regularly go to their jobs/work. Thus, this event helped to increase the level of awareness among the community people and field level team about the importance of clean toilets and regular use.

SUB-IO 3: IMPROVED ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SERVICES, STRATEGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES

3.1. Functional and Inclusive DRR Committees Established

3.1.3 Support District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) to build capacity of Local Disaster Management Committees (LDMC) on assessment and planning

DRR trainings were continued in FY17 and completed in three additional VDCs this quarter. The training mainly focused on the conceptualization of disaster risk management and building the capacity to conduct risk assessments in respective wards and communities. Participants enhanced their knowledge on DRR and

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Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) approaches and mainstreaming it into development processes at the local level. The training also oriented the participants on the Nepal government’s 14 step planning process and mainstreamed DRR into the development process. The three day training for the DRR committees was facilitated by the members of the DDRC Working Committees. A total of 60 individuals (F: 18, M: 42) took part in the training.

3.1.4 Support LDMC to conduct risk assessment of VDC

LDMC members of 19 PAHAL VDCs conducted a Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (VCA) with a total of 4,201 (F: 1,659, M: 2,542) people participating in the events. Assessments were conducted by using participatory rural appraisal tools with vulnerable households. The assessments were led by members of the Ward Citizen Forums (WCFs) and Planning Sub-Committees to obtain the information on potential hazards and the risks they hold for vulnerable households. The assessments also examined the capacity of the respective wards in mitigating the risks of such disasters. The assessment findings will help LDMCs draft their Local Disaster Risk Management Plans (LDRMPs).

3.1.4.3 Monitoring of Assessment by DDRC Working Committee

DDRC working committee members conducted monitoring visits to further support the LDMCs to conduct the VCA in their respective VDCs. The members observed the exercise very closely and provided the technical inputs and suggestions to the Planning Sub-Committee, WCF and community people to gather the information of existing and potential hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities.

3.1.4.4 Sharing of finding of assessment to LDMC at VDC

LDMCs have conducted meetings to share findings of their assessments in each of the 42 VDCs of eight PAHAL districts after the completion of VCAs. Prior to each meeting, LDMCs compiled the findings with the tabulation, analyzed the information and prepared the risk profile of their VDC according to the VCA findings. The activities are ongoing in other districts. This event helped LDMCs understand the need to plan for DRR and how to incorporate it into a LDRMP. A total of 945 (F: 293, M: 652) LDMC members participated in these sharing meetings.

3.1.5.1. Organizing VDC level DRR committee LDRMP meeting

Planning meetings were held in 55 VDCs of eight PAHAL districts where 642 (F: 224, M: 418) LDMC members participated. In the planning meeting, the members of the committee discussed the activities that are required to reduce the risk of disasters through mitigation measures as well as preparatory activities to respond to disasters. LDMCs shared the prepared LDRMPs in their respective VDCs and endorsed by councils. In addition to this, based on the LDRMP, LDMCs have commitments from the VDC council for the budget allocation for the DRR activities. This event will be conducted in the remaining six districts in Q2, FY 2017.

3.1.5.2 Hazard and resource map installation (preparation)

Hazard map preparation processes have been completed in all districts and verified with the LDMC, WCF and other community key stakeholders. The maps are planned to be installed in the VDCs in Q2, FY 2017.

3.2. Functional Early Warning Systems (EWS) Established/Improved Climate Information Services.

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3.2.1. Support Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) and district EWS committees to establish hydro/met stations

3.2.1.4. Providing training to EWS sub-committee on establishing GESI sensitive early warning system for flood in the respective districts

Two regional four-day trainings on EWS were organized for 53 (F: 2 M: 51) representatives from the EWS Sub-Committees of the DDRCs in PAHAL working districts. PAHAL followed the manual developed by Mercy Corps on Establishment of Community Based Early Warning System for Floods and focused on the conceptualization of EWS and it's importance to saving lives and livelihoods of households from different disasters. Participants enhanced their understanding on community based EWS, its process of functionality, the major elements of EWS, and the process of mainstreaming EWS into the development process at the local level, ensuring sustainability. Direct observation and interactions with the EWS user groups, District Emergency Operating Centre (DEOC) and observers also conducted the trainings to help the participants understand the overall cycle of establishing EWS for floods. For more information, please refer to Annex C: Training Manual for Establishing Early Warning System for Floods.

Fig 3: EWS working committee taking part in the EWS training. Fig 4: The DDRC members observing a functional EWS monitoring station during the EWS training.

3.2.3.1 Organize DRR committee meetings at the VDC level for the identification of EWS task forces in Ward level:

LDMC meetings at the VDC level were held to identify the EWS task forces. The meetings were held in five districts of the Far-West region. In addition to the EWS task force, each LDMC also formed a First Aid task forces, a Light Search and Rescue task force and a Relief Management task force. The formation of these task forces will continue in Q2, FY 2017. In the Mid-West region, the regional level training for the EWS Sub-Committees was completed only in the last week of the December 2016 hence, this activity is planned for Q2, FY 2017.

3.5. Household DRR Planning Campaign Implementation

3.5.3. Support awareness media campaign through local radio stations to disseminate DRR information

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3.5.3.1 Provide training to local radio stations and media person on DRR

A three day training was conducted for the local radio station masters and journalists on DRR messaging in the Darchula and Dadeldhura districts. The objectives of the training was to build the capacity of the local radio stations on various DRR related terminologies, its concept and cycle. The participants understood the role of district media and other DRR stakeholders during an emergency situation and representation of the community at risk and their issues before, during and after a disaster in different district, regional and national platforms.

3.6. DRR Plans Mainstreamed Into Planning Process

3.6.1. Orientation to LDMC on good governance

An orientation on good governance for members of LDMC were conducted in 37 PAHAL VDCs and discussed on the existing 14 step planning process of the local government, social audit, public audit, public hearing, good governance indicator, tools and techniques of good governance, importance of good governance in disaster relief and response task. A total of 915 (F: 243, M: 672) participants took part in the orientation.

3.6.2. Advocacy activities on mainstreaming LDRMP at different levels

3.6.2.1 Interaction meeting with VDC level stakeholder and discuss on LDRMP endorsement at council

Interaction meetings with VDC level stakeholders to discuss LDRMP endorsements at council were completed in Far-West and ongoing in Mid-West regions. LDMCs, based on the LDRMPs developed, have advocated for and received commitment of funds in some VDCs of up to USD500 for an emergency fund.

3.6.2.2: Day celebration (National Earthquake Safety Day, IDDR day)

DRRCs meetings were organized in all districts to finalize the plan to celebrate National Earthquake Day. The PAHAL district team also participated in the DDRC meeting to begin planning the celebration of the event. The events will be jointly celebrated with the district level stakeholders by organizing rally, banner, using the play cards, speech, competition and simulation.

3.9. Improved Earthquake Preparedness of District and VDC Stakeholders and Beneficiaries

3.9.1 Conduct initial assessment to determine the status of preparedness and mitigation efforts for earthquakes in PAHAL districts

PAHAL conducted an initial assessment visit to 10 representative districts: Baitadi, Bajhang, Dadeldhura, Dailekh, Darchula, Pyuthan, Rolpa, Rukum, Salyan and Surkhet. The team focused on understanding the earthquake vulnerabilities of people and the infrastructure environment that they depend on for shelter, water, health services, transportation and livelihoods. To do this, the team gathered information from direct field observations and by interviewing key government officials and local NGO partners. Team members visited the district headquarters, and traveled the main access route to the district headquarters. This facilitated a careful observation of the infrastructure and natural environment in rural areas, towns and the main urban areas of each district visited. In each, the team observed the physical setting: geology, landslides, buildings, water, electricity, roads, bridges, communications, fuel infrastructures, and earthquake vulnerabilities of buildings and infrastructure. Along all the routes traveled, the team collected reconnaissance-level data on landslides to help identify areas of concern for potentially road-blocking

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landslides during an earthquake. For further information, please refer to Annex D: Assessment Report to Determine the Status of Preparedness and Mitigation Efforts for Earthquakes

SUB-IO 4: IMPROVED ACCESS TO APPROPRIATE AND DIVERSE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND PRODUCTS

4.3. Informal S&L for Off-Farm Livelihoods Established

4.3.2. Financial Literacy Training (FLT) for VSLAs and FSP clients

4.3.2.2. Financial Literacy ToT to Local Facilitators

Two ToT training were conducted for 43 (F: 35, M: 8) FLT facilitators in Rolpa and Darchula districts. The participants were selected in coordination with respective cooperative organizations of the target VDCs and are responsible for conducting FLT in the communities. Through the ToT, the participants learned the basic financial management skills that help to inform decision making, reduce unnecessary expenses and manage family budgeting. This training is an input to enhance financial knowledge, attitude and behavior so that entrepreneurship within the family and in the groups is promoted with enhanced financial awareness. During the ToT, a session on Nutrition and WASH was also conducted to ensure sectoral integration within PAHAL. Each facilitator in the community will add one additional day during the 26 days FLT class making 26+1, where community participant gain additional information from other PAHAL target sectors.

4.3.2.3 Financial Literacy Training class for community members

29 FLT classes were conducted in Q1 reaching a total of 728 (F: 656, M: 72) participants. The main objective of the training is to build the capacity of the participants on proper management of their income, saving and expenditure, family budget planning, investment of remittance by increasing knowledge and skill on their daily life. All the classes were conducted for two hours per day for 26+1 days. Most of the participants of FLT classes are from the ‘Agriculture Groups’ who have not yet joined cooperatives. It is expected that the participants of these classes will join cooperative in their respective VDC after taking the class and will be benefited from better and sustainable financial services through cooperatives.

4.3.2.4 Financial literacy review meeting

Financial literacy review meetings were conducted in the district level with 304 (F: 138, M: 166) participants reviewing best practices, challenges and learnings from completed classes. The meeting participants shared the experience that FLT classes has brought effective changes in communities and cooperatives in different aspects e.g. increment in shareholders in the cooperative, increased monthly savings, practicing the family budgeting, safe foreign employment as well as remittance management and importance of insurance. During the meeting, cooperative representatives and FLT facilitators committed to conduct review/coordination meeting in every month and assured to coordinate with PAHAL program in upcoming days.

4.3.4. Form and / or strengthen savings and credit groups

4.3.4.1 Group management/good governance training

A total of six events of group management/governance trainings were organized in Rolpa district for 141 members (F: 110, M: 31) from six farmers groups in which PAHAL is working. The participants were trained on group management skills, including bookkeeping, management and leadership. In terms of governance, knowledge on board composition, members’ roles and responsibility including transparency on resource utilization were delivered to the participants.

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4.3.4.2 Record keeping training

A total of six events on record keeping training were completed in Rolpa district for a total of 129 (F-89, M-40) members. After the training, participants gained knowledge on group account management and record keeping skills. It is expected that the group will maintain information, data and records in a systematic and transparent way after this training.

4.3.5. Formation & strengthening of cooperatives

4.3.5.2 Cooperative education training

A total of 60 training events were conducted in 13 PAHAL districts comprising of 1,553 (F: 1116, M: 437) participants with the aim to making group members aware on cooperative activities i.e. benefit of affiliating with cooperative, knowledge of diversified financial product and services. The last remaining district, Jajarkot will complete this event in the coming quarter.

4.3.5.6 Matching funds as per the business development plan prepared by the cooperatives

Furniture, equipment and stationary support were provided to two Cooperatives of for their office management and daily work. PAHAL supported the business/development plan developed for the cooperatives. This document contains plans related to periodic increases in the shareholding members, number of groups to be formalized, and plans to diversify financial products and services. It also mentions the number of planned FLT classes and the monitoring of the classes by the executive committee of the cooperative.

4.3.7 Linking workshop for informal group to formal financial institution 27 workshop events were conducted with informal groups comprised of a total of 709 (F: 599, M: 110) participants to link them to existing cooperatives. The main objective of this event was to increase the membership of the cooperatives and to bring group savings into the cooperative fund. The linkage is always a choice of individual group members, but the cooperative shares its services and tries to convince community members in the group to join. The linkages provide individual group members an opportunity to access bigger and better financial product and services.

SUB-IO 5: IMPROVED ACCESS TO DYNAMIC AND RESPONSIVE AGRICULTURAL AND NON AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

5.1. Linkages to Profitable Off-Farm Markets Established.

5.1.2 Technical and vocational business development training through in/formal TVET providers

5.1.2.1 Organize district level technical and vocational training PAHAL districts in this quarter continued identifying youth and migrant returnees and provided them with micro, small and medium enterprise (MSMEs) related training. The criteria set by PAHAL for identifying beneficiaries are 1) both male and female that are not able to take part in agriculture related PAHAL activities because they are landless or have smaller landholdings and, 2) do not have any skills needed for starting businesses. The identified youth were provided with an objective to enhance their capacities to start new enterprises for generating income. The following trainings were conducted in different districts in Q1:

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 A six day ginger candy preparation training was organized in Salyan district where 20 (F: 10, M: 10) youths from six PAHAL VDCs participated. The training covered the theoretical aspects, followed by the practical application of producing ginger candy, including post production activities such as labeling and packaging.  A six day masons training was conducted in Rolpa district where 22 male masons participated and enhanced their skills and understanding on earthquake resistant construction.  A seven day vocational skill training on fast-food preparation was conducted in Darchula district where 15 (F: 3, M: 12) participants from five PAHAL VDCs participated. After the training, the participants were able to prepare snacks such as samosa, momo, paratha, tikiya and other items which have good market opportunities by investing on mobile stalls in the local market.  A 45 day vocational training on advanced tailoring was organized in Achham district in collaboration with the Cottage and Small Industry Development Board (CSIBD). 12 women participated in the training from five PAHA VDCs. PAHAL covered the logistical expenses for the training, whereas the CSIBD covered the cost for trainers and provided sewing machines to trainees as supporting equipment to continue developing their tailoring skills.  A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the CSIDB, Dadeldhura and PAHAL to conduct a three-month electrician (house-wiring) training for 10 participants from PAHAL VDCs. The training venue, required training materials, tools and equipment will be provided by the CSIDB and, other expenses like the facilitator fee, lodge and food costs were covered by PAHAL program. Both the CSIBD and PAHAL give priority to women and those from disadvantaged groups in communities while selecting participants.  Similarly, in , PAHAL has started a 90 day skills development training on ‘Allo’ processing and fabric production, in collaboration with the Regional CSIDB in Doti. Allo is the local material available in the mid hills of the Mid-West and Far-West regions of Nepal and is a flourishing enterprise for rural entrepreneurs. As per the contractual agreement, the CSIDB in Doti will contribute in the cost of the trainer, training materials, and other required materials and, PAHAL will cover the logistics of the training. There are altogether seven participants from four of PAHAL’s VDCs.  A training event for vocational training on ‘Dalmoth’ production was completed in . Dalmoth is a traditional dry snack made out of a mix of different types of pulses. There were altogether 12 (F: 1, M: 11) participants from PAHAL VDCs. This training would utilize local products (legumes and lentils) as a raw material for Dalmoth production and, would create jobs for unemployed youth at local level.

Similar entrepreneurship trainings, include but, are not limited to, fresh house and poultry farm management, hotel management and pickle production, labelling and packaging are identified and planned for the next quarter in other PAHAL districts.

5.1.2.2. Organize regional advance level technical and vocational training.

45 day advanced masonry, tailoring and furniture production trainings were conducted in collaboration with Manakamana Training Skill Development Center, a recognized private sector actor working in the field of technical, vocational and training skills. There were a total of 40 trainees in the trainings (mason: 15 men, furniture: 15 men, and tailoring: 10 women). The trainees were provided with in-house and on-the-job training opportunities. In addition, sessions were also conducted on life and business skills. As part of the contractual agreement with the private sector, Manakamana training is linking the graduates with potential employer and financial institutions. For the validation of their skills, the private sector has facilitated the trainees to sit in skill tests organized by the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT).

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Fig 5: Ganesh Bdr Kathayat in his small tea shop with grocery Fig 6: Amrita Chand taking part in the advance tailoring training items after participated in a small hotel & lodge management training in Martadi Bajura

5.1.14 Discuss with local government and private sector stakeholders to initiate youth sports events at regional level to disseminate message on safe migration

An informal discussion with local government and private sector stakeholder was carried out in each of the seven districts of the Far-West region to identify key events for disseminating messages on safer migration. The discussions involved stakeholders from the District Development Committee (DDC), District Sport Committee (DSC), Cottage and Small Industry Development Board (CSIDB), Journalists, and the District Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI). As district and VDC level sporting events have always been the best platform for attracting youth and returnees, it was decided to host activities during these sporting events and to disseminate messages about safe migration. As per the decision taken, Achham, Dadeldhura, Darchula, Bajura districts, have organized street dramas for disseminating safe migration related messages during Volleyball competitions. Doti, Baitadi, Bajhang districts conducted similar events during Deuda competitions.

5.3. Linkages to Agriculture Buyers and Export Actors are Strengthened

5.3.1. Interaction meeting between Marketing Planning Committee (MPC), Collection Centers (CC), local traders and wholesalers/exporters

With the objective of linking agriculture buyers and traders to strengthened agricultural marketing activity in the district, an interaction between MPC members, collection centers, local traders and wholesalers/exporters was conducted in the Pyunthan district. 34 MPC/CC members, local traders and wholesalers actively participated in the meeting and discussed ways to improve agriculture marketing.

5.3.2. Facilitate linkages between buyers and producers in production pockets through exposure visits, interaction meetings and agricultural trade fairs

5.3.2.1 Exposure visit of buyers in production pocket

One exposure visit consisting of 53 (F: 35, M: 18) buyers was organized to visit the agriculture production sites in Salyan district for creating new linkages between buyers and producers at the farm level. With this

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visit, farmers were able to get assurances on the sale of their products from the buyers. A next step for PAHAL will be to formalize these relations and to link the buyers with the Market Planning Committee (MPC) of that pocket.

5.3.2.2 Interaction meeting between producers and buyers

One interaction meeting was conducted in Surkhet district between 21 (F: 13, M: 8) producers and buyers with the objective of long term market linkage of agricultural inputs and produce. The participants in the meeting were leader farmers, local retailers, wholesalers, and MPC members. The meeting was mainly focused in the supply chain of agro inputs and produce between buyers and sellers through effective marketing channels. Discussions were held regarding problems in marketing, price and transportation. Verbal agreements were made between farmers and traders to make a collection center, traders also suggested for group farming which will ease marketing and transportation of agriculture produce as an output of the meeting.

5.4. Improved Agriculture Collection and Aggregation Services

5.4.1. Formation and support MPC to identify capacity-building needs and service requirements to strengthen governance structures and business performance, with particular focus on inclusion of women and marginalized groups

5.4.1.1 Formation of MPC/ CC committee with focus on women and marginalized group

Four MPCs were formed with focus on women and marginalized groups in Surkhet and Rukum districts by inviting lead farmers, vegetable traders, input suppliers, and local cooperatives. These MPCs consists of 100 (F: 58, M: 42) executive members including advisors from VDC secretary and agriculture service center. The MPCs are responsible to carry out the major role in the marketing of agro produces through effective collection and market planning activities using proper marketing channel.

5.4.3. Facilitate outreach and messaging from collection centers to farmers group through crop calendar and specific crop packages in key production practices and marketing opportunities

5.4.3.1 Develop and display crop calendar and tech package for cereal and vegetable crop

Two crop calendars were developed in close consultation with DADO in Achham and Baitadi districts and is being used in the collection center at district level and other districts of both Regions, the crop calender is being prepared. Other districts have plans to conduct this activity in Q2, FY 2017.

5.4.4. Facilitate regular interaction and reflection meetings among MPC, governing bodies and farmers group representatives, private sector actors and government bodies, women and marginalized groups

5.4.4.1 Interaction meeting between MPC and Government bodies to lobby Government fund and services

Five interaction meetings were organized between MPC members and representatives from government bodies with the objective of fund leveraging from government bodies for the construction and proper functioning of collection center. The meeting discussed on the possibility of matching funds from government authorities for the establishment of collection centers in collaboration with PAHAL and other implementing partners in the districts. A total of 127 (F: 49, M: 78) participants including government bodies’ representatives, MPC members and PAHAL staffs participated in these meeting.

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5.4.4.2 Quarterly meeting of MPC members

12 quarterly meetings of MPC members were completed with the objective of making marketing strategy of MPC to increase sales volume and to discover marketing possibilities in local and distant markets. The meeting mainly focused in the supply chain of production and linkages between producers, buyers and sellers.

5.5. Improved Quality of Agricultural Inputs and Services

5.5.4. Capacity building of local agriculture input suppliers through trainings (input quality, handling practices, embedded services, agro vet licensing and pre & post-harvest technologies), demonstrations, exposure visits, interaction meetings and facilitating linkages

5.5.4.3 Demonstration of high yielding varieties through local service providers.

Five demonstrations of high yielding varieties by local dealers was completed in Achham district. The main purpose of these demonstrations was to highlight for farmers how they can their increase productivity and income by using new seed varieties of vegetables, cereals and pulses.

5.6. Improved Agricultural Infrastructure

5.6.2.1 Interaction meeting on collection center establishment between farmers group representative and related stakeholders

In order to leverage resources and fund the establishment and proper functioning of collection center, one interaction meeting between representative farmers’ group and related stakeholders was completed in Rolpa district. A total of 20 (F: 15, M: 5) members from farmer group and related stakeholders participated in this meeting in this quarter.

5.10. Access to Safe Migration Related Information

5.10.2 Safe migration awareness campaigns (sports events, street drams and media)

A street drama in Dailekh district was performed to disseminate information on safe migration. In that event, the VDC secretary, political parties, local journalists, Ward Citizen Forums (WCF), school teachers and government and non-government related stakeholders observed the drama and realized the importance and need for promoting such events. The objective of these campaigns was to discourage seasonal migration that brings about adverse effects at the household and community levels, particularly a lack of agricultural labor. A Running Shield Volleyball Competition organized by a youth network in Salyan district was supported by PAHAL where safe migration messages through street dramas were shared by participants.

5.11. Improved Agriculture Extension and Production Technology

5.11.1 Farmer group (FG) formation and social mobilization with focus on women and marginalized groups

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5.11.1.1 Vegetable farmer group formation

A total of 134 vegetable groups were formed in the PAHAL working districts. 3024 (F: 2092, M: 932) farmers are members of these groups and will be involved in agriculture production, nutritious food consumption and selling the outputs in the market.

5.11.1.2 Livestock farmer group formation

16 livestock groups were formed in the PAHAL working districts. A total of 382 (F: 244, M: 138) farmers are members of these groups and will work mainly on goat sector to increase their productivity through breed management, feed, fodder and shelter management, and selling the outputs in the market.

5.11.1.3 Pulses farmer group formation

Two pulses groups consisting of 49 (F: 47, M: 2) members were formed in this quarter in Salyan district. The members will be actively involved in production and marketing activities of pulses and legumes.

5.11.1.4 Spices/Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) farmer group formation

Five spices and NTFP groups were formed in Salyan, Dadeldhura and Achham districts where 79 (F: 51, M: 28) farmers are members. These farmers will be actively involved in spices farming and NTFP production, sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing for income generation.

5.11.1.5 Honey farmer group formation

Four honey farmers groups were formed in Dadeldhura, Darchula and Aachham district comprising 81 (F: 55, M: 26) members. These farmers groups will enhance their skills on honey production and marketing of the products for income generation.

5.11.1.6 Cereal farmers group formation

Eight cereal farmers group were formed consisting of 150 (F: 116, M: 34) members, which will enhance their skills on better cereal production for their income which will be used for consumption as well as selling in the market.

5.11.2 Farmer group (FG) capacity building training (group management, leadership development, account keeping, production planning etc.)

5.11.2.1 Group management, record keeping training and orientation on insurance policy

A total of 99 group management and record keeping trainings and orientations on insurance policy were completed for 2148 (F: 1798, M: 350) group members. Trainings were given with an objective that the groups will be able to enhance their leadership capacity to sustainably manage the group, maintain record transparently and are accountable to the responsibilities of the group. The orientation on insurance was provided to take into account the risk due to various climate related disasters affecting the crops of the farmers. Farmers were also informed of benefits of the registration in the respective District Agriculture Development Office/District Livestock Office or other relevant organizations as well as the step by step process to get registered.

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5.11.2.2 Training on major vegetable production using Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

In Q1, seven trainings for 150 (F: 123, M: 27) participants on vegetable production using IPM were conducted in Rukum, Dailekh and Salyan districts. This training imparted knowledge on improved cultivation practices, nursery establishment, and use of IPM tools and techniques for higher production. Farmers were oriented on production/cultivation practices of major vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, chilly, capsicum, bitter gourd, peas and other cash crops using the cropping calendar.

5.11.2.3 Pre/post-harvest management training on vegetable and pulses

A total of 16 events on pre and post-harvest management trainings for 342 (F: 298, M: 44) farmers were provided on major vegetables and pulses in Salyan and . The major objectives of this training was to deliver knowledge on appropriate time of harvest, enhancing keeping quality, and ensuring uniform size and quality in order to reduce pre and post-harvest loss of the produce. The topics covered during the training were stages of harvesting, cleaning, washing, grading, storage methods and further processing, labeling, grading and marketing promotion of major vegetables and pulses.

5.11.2.4 Crop production planning and management training

During this quarter, three events on crop production planning and management were conducted in Salyan district training 54 (F: 43, M: 11) farmers. The participants now understand the crucial steps and considerations while preparing production and business plans and also in marketing and processing of agriculture produce.

5.11.2.5 Follow up training for year 2 groups (need based)

Based upon the need of farmers, follow-up trainings to enhance the capacity of the farmers were conducted in two of the farmer groups with 37 (F: 35, M: 2) farmers in Surkhet district. A follow-up training was provided on nursery bed and poly bag preparation, and cultivation practices for bitter gourd, cucumber, pumpkin and chili. As an output of the training, farmers groups have prepared nurseries for bitter gourd, cucumber, chili and brinjal in poly bag under plastic for cultivation on their land.

5.11.2.8 Awareness raising training to agro vets/traders on harmful effect of chemical pesticides, safe handling and IPM approaches

One training (F: 30, M: 22) on raising awareness about IPM /plant protection methods and harmful effects of chemical pesticides and ways for safe handling was delivered to agro-vets/traders of . The training focused on delivering knowledge on IPM technologies for plant protection to control insect pests along with the common chemical pesticides used in farmers’ field, its harmful effects and safe handling of those pesticides to reduce personal, and ecological hazards. The training was provided to agro- vets and traders so that they could make farmers aware about these while farmers come to purchase those pesticides and motivate them to use IPM tools and practices. The participants were also taught about the availability, benefits and methods of using bio- pesticides.

5.11.3 Identify nursery growers and building capacity on nursery management

5.11.3.1 Support establishment of commercial vegetable nursery

A potential nursery grower was identified and supported the establishment of commercial nurseries in each of the five PAHAL districts with the objective of establishing resource center for regular supply of healthy seedlings and also to provide technical know-how on producing different type of seedling by using new

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technology to the farmers at the local level. The selected nursery grower has been provided with materials like plastic trays with coco-peat, seeds, nets, watering canes and hand sprayers.

5.11.3.1 Commercial vegetable nursery training

Three events on commercial nursery training were completed in Salyan and Rukum district with the participation of 52 (F: 40, M: 12) farmers. Trainings focused on the importance of nurseries, types and nursery bed preparation, soil treatment, sowing time and season, irrigation, mulching and plantation time. The farmers were motivated and committed to establish commercial vegetable nurseries which will support in the availability of quality seedlings at local levels.

5.11.4 Demonstration on high yielding variety with recommended package of practice, technology - MIT/ IPM (in collaboration with local input suppliers)

5.11.4.1 High yielding varieties (Vegetables)

After crop production and nursery management training, 15 (F: 10 and M: 5) lead farmers were selected from each group and established in their respective land. High yielding variety demonstrations focused on seasonable vegetables having high productivity and easily accepted by the community in their food behavior and marketing like chili, cauliflower, cabbage and tomato crops were conducted. A total of 15 demo-plots have been established in the lead farmers plot in the presence of 301 (F: 218, M: 83) farmers. The members of the farmers group and those outside the group have replicated the technology by seeing the production and benefits.

5.11.4.2 Vegetable block demonstration (0.25 Ha)

Two PAHAL districts- Dadeldhura and Bajhang conducted trainings on vegetable block demonstration (0.25 Ha) program. The training was mainly focused on the development of vegetable block demonstrations in low tunnel and high tunnel plastic house as well as open field vegetable cultivation of tomato, cabbage, cauliflower and cucumber. After the training, the farmers have replicated the new technology, using the recommended variety of seed, appropriate amount of fertilizer and use of irrigation facility

5.11.4.3 New technology (Plastic houses with MIT)

182 plastic houses with MIT were constructed in seven districts of the Far- West region in which cucumber and bitter guard are cultivated.

5.11.5.3 Community based seed production program for variety replacement (Maize, Rice and Wheat)

Three districts from Far West region have conducted the community based seed production program for variety replacement of wheat crop training and establishment of 1 hectare (20 Ropani) plot in each district for replacement of wheat and introduced of new variety of wheat (WK 1204) in the community. The main focus of the program was to introduce a new variety of wheat and to maintain the seed rate and fertilizer dose recommendation as well as application of appropriate irrigation for production of wheat. As an outcome, a new variety was introduced and farmers were made aware of seed production practices for new seed variety replacement.

5.11.6 Goat program (focusing on women and marginalized groups)

5.11.6.1 Improved goat production training (shed management, feed and fodder)

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Eight trainings were conducted on improved goat production for 171 (F: 132, M: 39) group members in the PAHAL working districts of Rolpa, Salyan, Pyuthan and Dailekh. The main objective of the training was to make farmers aware about the prospects of goat farming, importance of feeding management, healthcare management and breeding management for higher production and productivity of goats in the remote hills of Nepal. The farmers were oriented about feed and fodder production, importance of shed management and ways to improve goat shed using local materials. The training was able to attract farmers towards improved goat farming/production. The farmers that were not involved in goat farming are now motivated towards goat production to secure household income generation and employment opportunities.

5.11.6.3 Vaccination and deworming campaign

Seven events on vaccination and de-worming campaigns were completed at the VDC level targeting goat farmers in Pyuthan and Rolpa district. Through this event, farmers were provided with embedded services including vaccination and de-worming at their own localities by the trained human resources from District Livestock Office (DLSO), Livestock Service Center (LSC) and Village Animal Health Worker (VAHW). These campaigns were organized in close collaboration with DLSO/LSC to provide services for health management of goats for their higher production and productivity at local level. Through this campaign, 230 (F: 155, M: 75) farmers were directly benefited through vaccination and deworming services from trained technicians at the local level.

5.11.6.4 Breed improvement though improved buck

With the objective of breed improvement of local landraces of goats by crossing them with improved bucks in the working VDC, a total of four breeding bucks were supported to four farmers groups in Salyan, Dailekh and Pyuthan districts. Here, the offspring produced by the cross of local she goat and improved breeding buck will be improved and the production and productivity of such goats will be higher. The breeding bucks of Jamunapari breeds were handed over to the group members who will manage its feeding, grazing, care and use for breeding purpose to improve goat production and productivity.

5.11.6.6 Castration program through VAHW

Twelve events on castration programs were completed in close coordination with DLSO/LSC and involvement of VAHW in Surkhet, Rolpa, Pyuthan and Dailekh district. Through this event, farmers were provided with embedded services regarding castration at their own places from trained human resources (VAHW). From this event, 168 bucks were castrated and 254 (F: 170, M: 84) farmers were oriented about castration services at local level.

5.11.10 Promote models for improved agricultural practices with local entrepreneurs and input suppliers (i.e. tricho-compost, micro-irrigation, IPM)

5.11.10.2 Promotion of tricho-compost (HH level)

Twenty five households were supported for tricho-compost promotion activities in Salyan district. During this training, farmers were oriented on methods of preparation and application of tricho- compost and its importance on increasing agriculture production and productivity.

5.11.11 Facilitate inter and intra-farmer group discussion and learning exchange on farmer risk management and improved agricultural productivity techniques

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5.11.11.1 Exposure visits inter farmer groups

One exposure visit involving 20 (F: 16, M: 4) farmers has been organized in Salyan District. The main objective of this visit was to share the experiences of the farmers with each other and learn from the demonstration plots with improved technologies, the problems and challenges faced and about the effort made to overcome it.

Fig 5: Dhana Singh cutting the stale leaves in his tomato poly Fig 6: Tasbiri BK working on her vegetable garden in Jajarkot house in Darchula district district

SUB-IO 6: IMPROVED ACCESS TO PRODUCTIVE NATURAL RESOURCES AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

6.1. Community Forest Management Practices are Strengthened

6.1.2 Facilitate dialogue within the CFUGs and other community members on challenges to sustainable forest and communal resource management

6.1.2.2 Facilitate orientation/meetings organized by AEFC to their respective CFUG's including local leaders at suitable times and locations

Nine AFEC orientation meetings were conducted with their respective CFUGs and local leaders/gatekeeper for discussing on the implementation of the forest management/harvesting activities according to the operational plan. Local leaders/ gatekeepers were involved in the meetings so that they could backstop the CFUGs. Major discussions focused on present scenarios and challenges of CFUG and the CFUG's Executive Committee members decided to improve the shortcomings that existed. The orientation meeting was held for 241 individuals (F: 108, M: 133).

6.1.2.3 Support on AFEC meetings to explore practice and challenges on sustainable forest and communal resource management

Forty seven meetings were conducted by AFECs where challenges regarding agriculture, forestry and the environment sectors of the VDCs were identified and recommendations were collected for effective forestry and communal resource management. There was a total of 1,190 (F: 405, M: 785) participants who attended the meetings held at the VDC level. After discussions at AFEC meetings, the major forestry sector issues identified in the VDCs were forest fire, lack of community forest operational plan implementation and unscientific resin tapping. Although 75 events were planned, most of the events could not be held due to the unavailability of VDC secretary. Moving forward, PAHAL will work closely with the Local

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Development Officer who calls all the VDC Secretaries for a meeting each month. During this meeting, PAHAL will discuss this agenda in collaboration with the Local Development Officer.

6.1.4 Capacity building of CFUGs members on sustainable forest use including but not limited to internal management training, income generating activities, resource planning, conservation and alternative livelihood options, sustainable financing mechanism

6.1.4.3 Capacity Development of CFUGs on Sustainable Forest Management at VDC (2 days)

Two events were conducted where 73 (F: 26, M: 47) CFUG members were trained on theory and practices of sustainable forest management. Once trained, CFUG members will orient their group members and lead in carrying out silvi-culture operations as prescribed in their community forest operational plan.

6.4.5 Follow-up of program implementation through regular support, project monitoring and strategic planning

6.4.5.2 Support CFUGs to incorporate annual plans to VDC planning process through WCF & AFEC -VDC level workshop

Thirty eight VDC level workshops were conducted in 14 districts where CFUGs' plans of each VDC were compiled and provided to respective AFECs for integration in VDC planning process. The objective of the workshop was to orient on process to integrate CFUGs' plan in VDC planning process and encourage to adhere to the Local Self Governance Act, 2055. The details of CFUGs plan integration in VDCs' plan will be reported after completion of VDC council of PAHAL working VDCs. The workshop was attended by 1492 participants (F: 513, M: 979) at the VDC level.

6.4.6 Provide regular coordination with district stakeholders to support harmonization in activities

6.4.6.2 Coordination with FECOFUN

A coordination meeting with FECOFUN was conducted in Darchula district, where discussions focused on practices and challenges of sustainable forest and communal natural resources management. Progress as well as upcoming plan for the NRM component were shared as well. The main discussion point for the meeting was regarding boundary conflicts between adjoining CFUGs; FECOFUN requested for PAHAL’s assistance in conducting GPS boundary survey so that the conflict can be minimized to a large extent. During the meeting, a total 15 participants (F:6, M:9) actively participated.

6.4.7 Support advocacy for NRM related issues through media mobilization (success stories, debate, talk show)

6.4.7.2 Production and dissemination of radio programs (jingles, debate and talk show)

Radio Jingles were broadcasted by 16 different radio stations in PAHAL districts to promote public awareness on Sustainable Forestry Management practices to be executed as per CFUG's operational plan. The programs were produced in coordination with the District Forestry Office (DFO) and focused on seedling production, control and management of forest fire, and biodiversity conservation. While preparing radio jingles, technical content was prepared in consultation with the DFO. Out of 14 districts, 10 districts have conducted such radio awareness radio campaigns.

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SUB-IO 7: INCREASED PARTICIPATION, AGENCY AND VOICE OF VULNERABLE GROUPS IN GOVERNANCE PROCESSES

7.1. Increased Enabling Spaces (Political, Physical, Cultural, Social Capital) for Vulnerable Population

In FY 2017, PAHAL has plans to support the communities to better represent themselves in the Government of Nepal (GoN) development planning process. In this quarter, PAHAL endorsed its annual plan through VDC and district level planning processes and as a result, local community groups and committee that are part of PAHAL have engaged themselves in the local level planning process. PAHAL is now working with Integrated Plan Formulation Committee to prioritize community needs whereas working with community groups and committees to forward their plan through proper channels. For instance, in Baitadi, the VDC agreed to allocate some emergency funds to support the LDRMP plan submitted by LDMC through planning process. Similarly, in Achham, project proposals for matching fund to construct MUS have been submitted to VDC. To mainstream the plan at VDC level, district implementing partners from Rukum facilitated AFEC from PAHAL VDC to prepare their annual plan and endorse them through ward level planning process.

7.1.4 Participation in World Food Day

One activity during World Food Day 2016 was celebrated by DADO Salyan with coordination and collaboration between PAHAL, along with various organization/projects/NGOs like the Women Rehabilitation Organization (WOREC) of Nepal, the Women and Children Office and the KISAN Project. On this occasion, a rally was organized for the demonstration of various slogans regarding world food day. The artists from Sahayatri Kala Kendra performed food security related drama. An essay competition about World Food Day was organized and prizes were distributed to the winners.

7.2. Diverse Civil Society Groups Supported and Strengthened

The first round of the Organizational Capacity Index (OCI) was implemented in all 14 districts in FY 2016. Following the OCI process, partners came up with a draft Capacity Development Plan (CDP) based on the OCI findings. The OCI process helped PAHAL implementing partners to identify their strength and gaps, which resulted in some partners implementing their CDP. For instance, the implementing partner of started the development of the organization’s monitoring and evaluation guidelines, one of the CDP highlighted activities. During the OCI process, financial management was found to be a very critical aspect for all partners as they had to manage large funds using a manual accounting system. PAHAL provided financial management training to partners as part of the CDP implementation. In Q2, PAHAL plans to support implementing partners with financial management software that will help the team on the ground to manage the funds electronically, which would be efficient compared to manual calculations.

7.3. Increased Capacity of Community Groups to Advocate for Accountability of Local Service Providers

Capacity building of community groups in the government of Nepal's participatory planning process contributed to this output. The communities were capacitated through social mobilization on planning processes, committees like LDMC, AFEC were trained on planning process, social accountability mechanisms, and good governance through thematic sectors with support of governance. Similarly, the capacity development efforts done under PAHAL thematic teams like capacity development of farmers group, skills based training to youths, strengthening of cooperatives contributed to increase in community capacity to advocate for their rights and accountability.

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7.4. Community Based Social Accountability Mechanisms Practiced

Capacity development on social accountability mechanisms are being done at different levels. At the community institutions, generally the implementation of accountability tools like social audit, public hearing, and public audit happens in certain time thus this will be implemented in forthcoming quarters. However, PAHAL itself has implemented accountability mechanism to handle the beneficiaries and stakeholders grievance. Implementation of toll free number to redress the community concerns is a mechanism which is effectively functioning. Similarly, PAHAL is planning to setup a transparent complaint box at the village level in coordination with local government through which community members can hold us accountable.

7.5. Increased Community Coordination with Government Programs and Activities

District level USAID IPs coordination meeting and reflection meetings with relevant district authorities have been regularized. Similar coordination meetings are being conducted in regional level regularly where PAHAL is taking active role. Regular district level coordination with other IPs and government, an initiation of PAHAL, is not only being useful for programs like PAHAL but also has supported government to achieve their target. For an instance, government run project "Kisanka Lagi Unnat Beubijan Karyakaram (KUBK)" provided 11 plastic sheets to PAHAL farmer group at Pipal VDC in Rukum where PAHAL provided technical support to properly use those sheets. In Salyan District, DADO incorporated PAHAL's plan of poly house construction to their plan to meet the government target of 2700 plastic sheet distribution.

Project review and monitoring visit were conducted by District Project Advisory Committee (DPAC) in Dadeldhura, Darchula and Salyan district in Q1. During the monitoring visit, PAHAL beneficiaries interacted with DPAC members on project activities to provide feedback on current program implementation and areas for possible collaboration. DPAC members praised PAHAL for implementing program in such remote areas and suggested to expand Micro Irrigation Technology (MIT) in other communities/groups.

GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

PAHAL commemorated 16 days of Campaign against Gender Based Violence at schools in collaboration with schools, Women and Children Office, Police Office, District Development Committee, District Education Office, Ward Citizen Forums, Citizen Awareness Centers and other stakeholders in all 14 PAHAL working districts. The objective of the campaign was to increase awareness of school youths and increase people's participation to eliminate any form of violence against women. Quiz contests, slogan completing competitions, song competitions, debates, pledges signed by the School Management Committee and mass rallies were organized to celebrate the campaign. The participation was gender balanced. For example, Rukum organized rally comprising of school children, teachers, SMC members, local political party representatives, farmer group members, CFUG members, MPC members, WCF representatives and community members carrying placards with messages and slogans against Gender Based Violence (GBV). Following the march, speech and folk song competition on “Our Responsibility on Reducing GBV in our Society” was also conducted. Another highlight of the program was signing on the pledge by the school principal and chairperson of the school management by committing to treat all boys and girls equally and respectfully, to create a school free of any form of violence, a child friendly school, and to establish child marriage free school.

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MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING

M&E Systems Improvement

As per the recommendations made by the USAID data quality assessment, PAHAL initiated the analysis of the gaps identified on the demand side of the monitoring, evaluation and learning and came up with the solutions on information collection, data entry, analysis and reporting. Once analyzed, the internal team worked together to finalize the monthly and quarterly data flows from the district level. PAHAL has developed a reporting guideline for the monthly and quarterly reporting and have used the same for preparing the Q1, FY 2017 report.

The community complaint mechanism systems have been defined and are in its final stages of placement. Discussions with the district implementing partners will take place in Q2, FY 2017 which will decide the appropriate location of the mechanism.

Data Collection and Management

PAHAL conducted through its internal team two major surveys, Annual Baseline Survey and Agriculture Beneficiary Survey that helped in preparing the Annual Results Report (ARR). At the same time, the team worked on an ongoing activity attendance registration following the PAHAL M&E plan. PAHAL also invested its resources in designing WASH and nutrition related rapid assessment tool in this quarter. The Food Security Resilience study that is being conducted by Feinstein International through PAHAL in Bajhang district continued collecting and analyzing monthly and quarterly survey data. Findings from the field work indicate that while food security measures are generally positive in the surveys, qualitative data collection indicates high levels of food-related anxiety at the household level. The research team also collected and analyzed data on migration and its impacts. Men and their families stress that they do not want to migrate, but feel that they have no other options for viable livelihoods.

Data Use for Project Improvement

With the learning from the Annual Baseline Survey, Agriculture Beneficiary Survey, the Resilience study from FIC and the recommendations extracted from lessons learned in the ARR, PAHAL decided to re- design its program. In this quarter, PAHAL conducted re-design workshops with the central, regional and district teams, developing results chains for each of the programs sectors to help the teams better understand desired outcomes, associated activities, and clear integration points in support of strong, integrated, resilient programming. The re-designed concept has been submitted to USAID through PAHAL’s second re- submission of its 2017 PREP and is currently waiting for approval.

CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED

Challenges: • During FY 2016, Financial Services worked with cooperatives from 140 of 167 targeted VDCs across PAHAL’s 14 targeted districts when the FY2016 phase one plan only targeted 75 VDCs. As per the new re-design, PAHAL plans to limit all thematic activities to only 83 VDCs. PAHAL is finding it a challenge to explain to local stakeholders the reduction in the total number of VDCs to be targeted, especially in those VDCs already entered into by Financial Services that are no longer targeted going forward. In order to address this challenge, PAHAL will design an exit strategy in the next PREP re- submission. The strategy will include a series of small activities that PAHAL will implement with those cooperatives already engaged but no longer part of the 83 VDCs to be targeted going forward. A gradual phase out plane will be implemented.

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• A majority of our district level implementing partners lost their Natural Resource Management staff, a difficult skill set to recruit for. After assessing the situation, PAHAL decided to be flexible on the hiring process (previously PAHAL only selected individuals that had a minimum education of Bachelors in Science). Now, this requirement has been changed and applicants possessing any type of Bachelors’ degree is eligible to apply for the position. • PAHAL is facing additional challenges in convincing members of the DDRC to go to the VDCs to train the LDMCs, support them in the assessment of existing risks and, to help them prepare their LDRMP. This is mainly because the members are mostly the district level government staff and have their own priorities. PAHAL plans to work very closely with the DDRC members and to plan these programs in advance so that the activities are conducted on time without hindering priorities at the district level.

Lesson Learned:

 The research data confirms the PAHAL analysis that migration is both a coping strategy and a stress on households and that men and women experience migration differently, with women often suffering negative impacts. The data also suggests that men value remittances more positively than women as remittances do not reach households consistently. Consistent remittances are required to support productive investments. PAHAL interventions are hence focused on; a) better information for households to make improved migration decisions, including when to migrate; b) better remittance transfer services; c) improved financial management skills for households to invest remittances more productively and; d) improved gender equality and social inclusion (GESI)- related household-level decision-making to ensure women can have a greater influence on decisions of when and why to migrate, and also can control the income from remittances for productive purposes.  Data from FY 2016 research in Far West Nepal sheds further light on marginalization within communities and the fact that not all interventions impact households equally. This is particularly true for agriculture, where some groups begin with a structural disadvantage by being barred from water sources and live on the most marginal lands. Mercy Corps, in consideration of this data, has taken several steps. We support strategic behavior change campaigns around untouchability, particularly around access to water. We are implementing stratified livelihood strategies, targeting alternative markets and livelihood strategies toward groups living on more marginal lands, especially looking at where livestock rearing and other strategies can be better options for them. We are presently considering increasing investment in conflict resolution mechanisms, particularly for WASH, water user groups, and farmers’ groups, building on our previous work with CFUGs.  With respect to PAHAL programming, the research data shows the critical importance of building access to formal financial services, supported by strong financial education and literacy to help households manage debt, which has shown to be a strong predictor of vulnerability to shocks and stresses, and drives stress migration. Importantly, the program should also look at mechanisms to alleviate or offset debt in the short-term, while building financial inclusion in the long-term.

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex A: List of the PAHAL working VDCs for Q1, FY 2017. Annex B: Design of a Simple Gravity MUS Annex C: Training Manual for Establishing Early Warning System for Floods Annex D: Assessment Report to Determine the Status of Preparedness and Mitigation Efforts for Earthquakes Annex E: PAHAL Database Report (DBR) Annex F: Q2, FY 2017 Work Plan

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