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Implementation of E-Voting Method and Management in Selection of the Simultaneous Village Head (Case in Empat Lawang District, South Sumatera, Indonesia)

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Implementation of E-Voting Method and Management in Selection of the Simultaneous Village Head (Case in Empat Lawang District, South Sumatera, Indonesia) International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 11, Issue 8, August 2020, pp. 540-553, Article ID: IJM_11_08_052 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=8 ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 DOI: 10.34218/IJM.11.8.2020.052 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed IMPLEMENTATION OF E-VOTING METHOD AND MANAGEMENT IN SELECTION OF THE SIMULTANEOUS VILLAGE HEAD (CASE IN EMPAT LAWANG DISTRICT, SOUTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA) Deni Nurdyana Hadimin* Universitas Sangga Buana, Bandung, Indonesia *Corresponding Author ABSTRACT In this study the problem that arises is how the simultaneous implementation of the Pilkades mandated in Law Number 6 of 2014 using the e-voting method that is not mandated in the Village Law but regulated in other laws and regulations. This is of course by using local regulations and Regents regulations as guidelines, which of course the regional regulations and Regents regulations refer to other laws and regulations. The purpose of this study was to determine the Implementation of the E- Voting Method in the Election of the Simultaneous Village Head in the Empat Lawang District based on managerial, historical, political, sociological and legal review. This study was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, using direct observation techniques; so that this study can provide a more accurate and in-depth picture. In this study, researchers conducted a data analysis process by first triangulating data, both observational data, documentation and interview data conducted; this certainly aims to provide more objective study results. The use of electronic voting equipment (E-Voting), namely by touching the E-Voting monitor screen in the implementation of the villages election has not been explicitly regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014, but this is based on "local wisdom" owned by the regional government and specificity village as an indigenous community. The implementation of the E-Voting method carried out in the Empat Lawang District is running well, orderly and smoothly, or in other words it was carried out successfully, although there is still an evaluation to improve and improve the quality of implementation in the future; with a community participation rate of 89%. The management of the village head election (Pilkades) according to statutory regulations is formed by the Village Consultative Body, and the committee is from the village community itself. This is proven by the simultaneous implementation of the village head elections, thanks to the guidance and direction from the local government. JEL Codes : D72 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 540 [email protected] Implementation of E-Voting Method and Management in Selection of the Simultaneous Village Head (Case in Empat Lawang District, South Sumatera, Indonesia) Key words: E-Voting method, Simultaneous Village Head Election, Managerial Election Cite this Article: Deni Nurdyana Hadimin, Implementation of E-Voting Method and Management in Selection of the Simultaneous Village Head (Case in Empat Lawang District, South Sumatera, Indonesia), International Journal of Management, 11(8), 2020, pp. 540-553. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=8 1. INTRODUCTION Villages or other names have been mentioned before the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia was formed. As proof of its existence, the Elucidation of Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (before the amendment) states that "In the territory of the State of Indonesia there are approximately 250 'Zelfbesturende landschappen' and 'Volksgemeen schappen', such as villages in Java and Bali, Nagari in Minangkabau, hamlets and clans in Palembang, and so on. Through the amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945, recognition of the unity of indigenous and tribal peoples is reinforced through the provisions in Article 18B paragraph (2) which reads "The State recognizes and respects the units of indigenous and tribal peoples along with their traditional rights as long as they are alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which is regulated in law ". Badaruddin et al (2017) state that the birth of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages brought changes in village governance, whereby the central government had granted broader authority (village autonomy) including in the financial sector; this is a great desire of the central government to make the village professional, empowered and independent; here are 4 main things that are still the basis of central government policy, namely: 1) Empowerment, 2) Customary Customs (Village Character), 3) Local Wisdom (Local Policy), and 4) Democracy. In holding village head elections (Pilkades), villages are still given the authority to organize them in accordance with the spirit of independence from the village, but based on article 31 paragraph (1) of Law Number 6 of 2014 explains that "Election of Village Heads is held simultaneously in all regency/city". This condition will clearly bring logical consequences from the regional government, starting from the formation of district committees for Pilkades to having to prepare a budget for these activities. However this is still in a framework that is still new to village governments throughout Indonesia, as implemented by the Empat Lawang District of South Sumatra Province. The implementation of the simultaneous Pilkades attracts considerable attention, namely the implementation of the Pilkades in the district using the E-Voting method on election day, so that the community in distributing political rights is no longer manually (voting/cheating), but by using electronic voting equipment (E-Voting) is by touching the E-Voting monitor screen. The implementation of the Pilkades by e-voting has not been explicitly regulated in Law Number 6 of 2014, but this is based on "local wisdom" held by the regional government and the specificity of villages as indigenous peoples. Based on the description above, the writer is interested to know about "Implementation of E-Voting Methods and Management in the Election of Simultaneous Village Heads based on managerial, historical, political, sociological and legal reviews; so that it can give birth to a comprehensive view in answering every problem in the social and political fields, not just based on interests (practical politics) alone. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJM 541 [email protected] Deni Nurdyana Hadimin 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Village Government Based on Law Number 6 of 2014 in article 1 paragraphs 2-4 states that "Village Government is the administration of government affairs and the interests of local communities in the system of government of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia", and "Village Government is the Village Head or referred to by other names assisted Village apparatus as an element of the administration of the Village Government "and" the Village Consultative Body or what is referred to by other names are institutions that carry out the functions of government whose members are representatives of the village population based on regional representation and are democratically determined (Azlina et al., 2017). Li et al (2020) state that the Village Democratization is the implementation of village governance and development must accommodate the aspirations of the community which are articulated and aggregated through the Village Consultative Body or Community Institutions as partners of the Village Government; and Diversity is respecting the value system that applies to the local community based on the shared value system in the life of the nation and state. Then, Mc Ddonald (1996) and Vu et al (1998) state that the understanding of Village Community Participation is the implementation of village governance and development must be able to realize the active role of the community; while the Empowerment of Village Communities is the administration of village governance and development must be aimed at improving the standard of living and welfare of the community through the determination of policies, programs and activities in accordance with the essence and priority of community needs. 2.2. Simultaneous Election of Village Heads (Pilkades) The election of village heads so far has taken place based on democratic principles that have been adopted and are rooted in the culture of our village community at this time. Based on Government Regulation Number 43 of 2014 concerning Regulations for Implementing Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages in article 40, it states that paragraph (1), "Election of Village Heads shall be held simultaneously in all regency/city areas", paragraph (2), " The simultaneous election of the village head as referred to in paragraph (1) may be carried out in waves at most 3 (three) times within a period of 6 (six) years. Then based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, article 32 stipulates that the Village Consultative Body (BPD) forms a village head election committee, which is independent and impartial, derived from elements of the village apparatus, social institutions and community leaders. This is an implementation of the implementation of democratic principles and the empowerment and participation of rural communities. Here is the difference between the general election and the village head election held by the community in mutual cooperation, together with the principle of deliberation for consensus. Whereas the principle of democracy "from the people, by the people, and for the people" is theoretically apparent when the Pilkades activities are carried out by the Pilkades committee formed by the Village Consultative Body (BPD); so that all creativity, aspirations, thoughts, cooperation, and deliberation can occur in the election committee. This is certainly expected to bring high efficiency and effectiveness in the implementation of the Pilkades. 2.3. Implementation of the E-Voting Method The E-Voting Method is a method that uses an electronic voting system (e-voting) is a system that utilizes "electronic devices" and processes digital information to make ballots, cast votes, count votes, display votes, and maintain and produce audit trail.
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