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Figures of Speech Used in President Barack Obama's Electoral Campaign Speeches

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Figures of Speech Used in President Barack Obama's Electoral Campaign Speeches FIGURES OF SPEECH USED IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN SPEECHES CHIDCHABA PANUKORNTHAMRONG A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER DEGREE OF ARTS IN ENGLISH FOR COMMUNICATION THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES BURAPHA UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2018 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research would not be accomplished without assistances and suggestions from the following people. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Assistant Professor Dr. Somboon Chetchumlong for being an understanding and helpful advisor. No words can describe how much I feel grateful to be one of his students. He always has faith and believes in me. I would not come this far without his support. I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Walaiporn Chaya, Assistant Professor Thanis Bunsom, Assistant Professor Dr. Wannapa Trakulkasemsuk, Dr. Nattapat Pattana, and Assistant Professor Dr. Soontaree Laprungrueng. I am sincerely thankful for their suggestions and kind words. I am grateful to my family who always support me through hard time. Thank you for your unconditionally love and care for me all these years. Thank you to my husband and my son for being mentally support in everything I do. Thank you my friends from English for communication major. So much laughs and tears through this journey. I will never forget our friendship. Chidchaba Panukornthamrong iv 56920737: สาขาวิชา: ภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อการสื่อสาร; ศศ.ม. (ภาษาอังกฤษเพื่อการสื่อสาร) ค าส าคัญ: ภาษาภาพพจน์/ สุนทรพจน์ของประธานาธิบดีบารัค โอบามา/ สุนทรพจน์หาเสียง เลือกตั้ง ชิดชบา ภานุกรธ ารง: ภาษาภาพพจน์ที่พบในสุนทรพจน์หาเสียงเลือกตั้งของ ประธานาธิบดีบารัค โอบามา (FIGURES OF SPEECH USED IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN SPEECHES) คณะกรรมการควบคุมวิทยานิพนธ์: สมบูรณ์ เจตน์จ าลอง, Ph.D., ณัฐภัทร พัฒนา, ศศ.ด., 58 หน้า. ปี พ.ศ. 2561 งานวิจัยและเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้องได้กล่าวไว้ว่าภาษาภาพพจน์มีผลต่อการชักน าผู้รับฟัง อย่างมาก ผู้พูดใช้ภาษาภาพพจน์เพื่อให้เกิดภาพที่ชัดเจนในความคิดของผู้รับฟัง รวมทั้งภาษา ภาพพจน์ยังช่วยให้งานเขียนมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น ในงานวิจัยทางด้านภาษาภาพพจน์ยังได้กล่าว ไว้ว่าภาษาภาพพจน์แต่ละประเภทให้ผลลัพธ์ต่อผู้รับฟังที่แตกต่างกันออกไปโดยขึ้นอยู่กับโอกาส วัตถุประสงค์ หรือแม้กระทั่งอาชีพของผู้พูด งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ภาษาภาพพจน์ ที่พบในสุนทรพจน์ของประธานาธิบดี บารัค โอบามา โดยศึกษาภาษาภาพพจน์ที่พบในสุนทรพจน์ ในช่วงการหาเสียงเลือกตั้ง 2 สมัย การศึกษาในครั้งนี้ได้น ากรอบแนวความคิดของ Corbett and Connors (1996) และ Ungerer and Schmid (1996) มาปรับใช้ ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลสุนทรพจน์ ที่ใช้ในการศึกษาได้จากการสุ่มกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเจาะจงจ านวน 10 สุนทรพจน์ ที่อยู่ในช่วงปี ค.ศ. 2007-2012 ผลการวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นว่าภาษาภาพพจน์ที่พบมากในกลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ parallelism (32.76%), repetition (28.93%), synecdoche (8.51%) ภาษาภาพพจน์ที่พบจ านวนน้อยได้แก่ antithesis (0.42%), simile (0.42%), irony (0.42%) ทั้งนี้ผลการเปรียบเทียบการใช้ภาษาภาพพจน์ ระหว่างสุนทรพจน์หาเสียงเลือกตั้งสมัยที่ 1 และ สมัยที่ 2 ไม่พบความแตกต่าง v 56920737: MAJOR: ENGLISH FOR COMMUNICATION; M.A. (ENGISH FOR COMMUNICATION) KEYWORDS: FIGURES OF SPEECH / POLITICAL SPEECH/ ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN SPEECHES CHIDCHABA PANUKORNTHAMRONG: FIGURES OF SPEECH USED IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN SPEECHES. ADVISORY COMMITTEE: SOMBOON CHETCHUMLONG, Ph.D., NATTAPAT PATTANA, D.A., 58 P. 2018. The concerning academic journals and related literatures are suggesting that figures of speech give a fruitful influence to audiences. They give a clear picture of what a speaker intends to communicate to audiences' minds. Also, figures of speech are powerful materials to strengthen written papers. Moreover, figures of speech research studies mentioned that each figure of speech gives a different impact depending on occasions, purposes, or even occupations of the speaker. The purpose of this study was to investigate figures of speech used in President Barack Obama’s selected speeches. A main reason is to study figures of speech employed in his electoral campaign during his 2 terms of election. The conceptual frameworks of Corbett and Connors (1996) and Ungerer and Schmid (1996) were two main frameworks used to guide and underpin this research. Ten speeches ranged from 2007 to 2012 were selected based on a purposive sampling method. The results showed that the figures of speech mostly found in the electoral campaign speeches were parallelism (32.76%), repetition (28.93%), synecdoche (8.51%), while the least frequently found were antithesis (0.42%), simile (0.42%), and irony (0.42%). There was no difference between figures of speech used in the first and the second electoral campaign speeches. CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iv CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 Statements and significance of the problems .......................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................... 3 Research questions .................................................................................. 3 Contribution to knowledge ..................................................................... 3 Scope of the study ................................................................................... 4 Definitions of terms ................................................................................ 4 Conceptual frameworks .......................................................................... 6 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS .......................................................................... 8 Brief biography of President Barack Obama .......................................... 8 Language and power ............................................................................... 9 Communication ....................................................................................... 10 Public speaking ....................................................................................... 16 Speech ..................................................................................................... 18 Figures of speech .................................................................................... 19 Related literatures ................................................................................... 27 3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................ 33 Research design ......................................................................................... 33 Sampling method, data source, and sample ............................................... 34 Data analysis .............................................................................................. 34 Data presentation ....................................................................................... 36 vii CONTENTS (Contd.) CHAPTER Page 4 RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 37 The analysis of figures of speech used in President Barack Obama’s electoral campaign speeches .................................................................. 37 5 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION .............................................................. 44 Summary of findings............................................................................... 44 Discussion ............................................................................................... 45 Limitations .............................................................................................. 48 Implications............................................................................................. 48 Recommendations for the further studies ............................................... 49 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 50 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................ 55 BIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 58 LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 1 Figures of speech found in President Barack Obama’s electoral campaign speeches and percentages .............................................................................. 37 2 The data analysis of figures of speech used in electoral campaign speeches . 41 3 The figures of speech employed in the first and second terms of electoral campaign speeches ......................................................................................... 42 LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1 Conceptual framework ................................................................................. 7 2 Pathway of figures of speech analysis ......................................................... 35 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Statements and significance of the problems English plays an important role in international communication. People are employing English in many purposes such as studying abroad, international conference, import and export business, or even
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