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Treatise on the Isoptera of the World Kumar
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by American Museum of Natural History Scientific Publications KRISHNA ET AL.: ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD: 7. REFERENCES AND INDEX7. TREATISE ON THE ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD 7. REFERENCES AND INDEX KUMAR KRISHNA, DAVID A. GRIMALDI, VALERIE KRISHNA, AND MICHAEL S. ENGEL A MNH BULLETIN (7) 377 2 013 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY TREATISE ON THE ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD VolUME 7 REFERENCES AND INDEX KUMAR KRISHNA, DAVID A. GRIMALDI, VALERIE KRISHNA Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192 AND MICHAEL S. ENGEL Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192; Division of Entomology (Paleoentomology), Natural History Museum and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 1501 Crestline Drive, Suite 140 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 377, 2704 pp., 70 figures, 14 tables Issued April 25, 2013 Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2013 ISSN 0003-0090 2013 Krishna ET AL.: ISOPtera 2435 CS ONTENT VOLUME 1 Abstract...................................................................... 5 Introduction.................................................................. 7 Acknowledgments . 9 A Brief History of Termite Systematics ........................................... 11 Morphology . 44 Key to the -
Sociobiology 65(2): 291-298 (June, 2018) DOI: 10.13102/Sociobiology.V65i2.2844
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS) Sociobiology 65(2): 291-298 (June, 2018) DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v65i2.2844 Sociobiology An international journal on social insects RESEARCH ARTICLE - TERMITES Influence of Food Resource Size on the Foraging Behavior of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) TS Souza1, VS Gazal1,2, VJ Fernandes1, ACC Oliveira3, EL Aguiar-Menezes1,2 1 - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade e Biotecnologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica-RJ, Brazil 2 - Departamento Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica-RJ, Brazil 3 - Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica-RJ, Brazil Article History Abstract In general, termite foraging can be affected by physical and chemical factors Edited by linked to food. This study investigated if the wood length of Eucalyptus grandis Alexandre Vasconcellos, UFPB, Brazil Received 11 January 2018 W. Hill ex Maiden, as a food resource, influences the behavior of foraging events Initial acceptance 19 March 2018 of Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky). Nests with mature and active colonies Final acceptance 04 April 2018 were collected in the field and transferred to glass cubes connected to a test Publication date 09 July 2018 arena under laboratory conditions. Wooden blocks ofE. grandis, with a 2.5 x 2.0 cm rectangular cross section, were offered to termites in three different lengths: Keywords Arboreal termites, Nasutitermitinae, 5, 10 and 15 cm. -
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing Reveals an Altered Composition of the Gut
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals an altered composition of the gut microbiota in chickens infected with a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus Puzhi Xu1,3, Yan Shi2,3, Ping Liu1, Yitian Yang1, Changming Zhou1, Guyue Li1, Junrong Luo1, Caiying Zhang1, Huabin Cao1, Guoliang Hu1 & Xiaoquan Guo 1* Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes serious losses to the poultry industry. Intestinal microbiota play an important role in chicken health and contribute to the defence against colonization by invading pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between the intestinal microbiome and nephropathogenic IBV (NIBV) infection. Initially, chickens were randomly distributed into 2 groups: the normal group (INC) and the infected group (IIBV). The ilea were collected for morphological assessment, and the ileal contents were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results of the IIBV group analyses showed a signifcant decrease in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05), while the goblet cells increased compared to those in the INC group. Furthermore, the microbial diversity in the ilea decreased and overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae and underrepresentation of Chloroplast and Clostridia was found in the NIBV- infected chickens. In conclusion, these results showed that the signifcant separation of the two groups and the characterization of the gut microbiome profles of the chickens with NIBV infection may provide valuable information and promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease. Based on the revolution in our understanding of host-microbial interactions in the past two decades, it has been recognized that the gut microbiome is exceedingly complex1. -
Nutrional Ecology in Social Insects
NUTRIONAL ECOLOGY IN SOCIAL INSECTS Laure-Anne Poissonnier Thesis submitted the 16th of July 2018 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Agricultural Science School of Agriculture, Food and Wine Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Supervisors: Jerome Buhl and Audrey Dussutour “If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos.” E.O.Wilson Table of Contents Tables of contents i Abstract v Declaration vii Acknowledgements ix Statements of authorship x Chapter 1 – General introduction 1 1. Nutrition is a complex process that influences and links all living organisms 3 2. Towards an integrative approach to study nutrition, the Nutritional Geometric Framework 4 2.a. Nutrient regulation 5 2.b. Nutrient effects on life history traits and feeding rules 8 3. Nutrition and sociality 10 3.a. Nutrition and immunity in social insects 12 3.a. Humoral and cellular defence against pathogens in insects 13 3.b Behavioural strategies used by social insects to fight parasites 14 3.c Physiological strategies used by social insects to fight parasites 16 3.d Role of nutrition in insects’ immunity 16 4. Nutrition in insect colonies 18 4.a. Self-organisation and foraging in social insects 19 4.b. Ending mass recruitment 21 4.c. Modulating recruitment according to food quality 22 4.d. Information exchange and food sharing between castes 23 4.e. Distribution of nutrients in the colony 25 4.f. The insight brought by NGF studies in social insect nutrition 29 5. -
Insect-Mediated Nitrogen Dynamics in Decomposing Wood
Ecological Entomology (2015), 40 (Suppl. 1), 97–112 DOI: 10.1111/een.12176 INSECTS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SPECIAL ISSUE Insect-mediated nitrogen dynamics in decomposing wood MICHAEL D. ULYSHEN USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. Abstract. 1. Wood decomposition is characterised by complex and poorly understood nitrogen (N) dynamics with unclear implications for forest nutrient cycling and productivity. Wood-dwelling microbes have developed unique strategies for coping with the N limitations imposed by their substrate, including the translocation of N into wood by cord-forming fungi and the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen2 (N ) by bacteria and Archaea. 2. By accelerating the release of nutrients immobilised in fungal tissues and promoting N2 fixation by free-living and endosymbiotic prokaryotes, saproxylic insects have the potential to influence N dynamics in forests. 3. Prokaryotes capable of fixing N2 appear to be commonplace among wood-feeding insects, with published records from three orders (Blattodea, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera), 13 families, 33 genera and at least 60 species. These organisms appear to play a significant role in the N economies of their hosts and represent a widespread solution to surviving on a diet of wood. 4. While agricultural research has demonstrated the role that termites and other insects can play in enhancing crop yields, the importance of saproxylic insects to forest productivity remains unexplored. Key words. Arthropods, diazotroph, ecosystem services, Isoptera, mineralisation, saproxylic, symbiosis. Introduction the N-rich tissues of particular insect and fungal species. For example, Baker (1969) reported that Anobium punctatum (De Nitrogen (N) is the limiting nutrient in many systems (Vitousek Geer) developing in dry wood acquired 2.5 times the amount & Howarth, 1991; LeBauer & Treseder, 2008) and this is espe- of N provided by the wood itself. -
Segmented Filamentous Bacteria: Commensal Microbes with Potential Effects on Research
Comparative Medicine Vol 64, No 2 Copyright 2014 April 2014 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Pages 90–98 Overview Segmented Filamentous Bacteria: Commensal Microbes with Potential Effects on Research Aaron C Ericsson,1-3,* Catherine E Hagan,3 Daniel J Davis,3 and Craig L Franklin1,3 Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are commensal bacteria that were first identified in the ilea of mice and rats. Morphologi- cally similar bacteria occur in a broad range of host species, but all strains have been refractory to in vitro culture thus far. Although SFB were once considered innocuous members of the intestinal microbiota of laboratory rodents, they are now known to affect the development of the immune system in rodents and, subsequently, the phenotype of models of both enteric and extraintestinal disease. Therefore, SFB represent long-recognized commensal bacteria serving as an intercurrent variable in studies using rodent models of disease. Here we describe the basic biology of SFB and discuss the immunologic and physiologic effects of colonization with SFB, with particular attention to their effects on rodent models of disease. In addition, we propose that SFB represent only the ‘tip of the iceberg’ in our understanding of the influence of the microbiota on model phenotypes. As next-generation sequencing techniques are increasingly used to investigate organisms that are refractory to culture, we are likely to identify other commensal microbes that alter the models we use. This review underscores the need to characterize such host–microbe interactions, given that animal research represents a critical tool that is particularly vulnerable to scrutiny in an era of decreasing financial resources and increasing accountability for the use of animal models. -
A Specific Component of the Intestinal Microbiota Exacerbates the Severity of Allergic Asthma
A Specific Component of the Intestinal Microbiota Exacerbates the Severity of Allergic Asthma A dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) In the Graduate Program of Immunobiology of the College of Medicine February 2013 by Stacey Burgess B.S., Marietta College, 2008 Committee Chair: Marsha Wills-Karp, Ph.D. George Deepe, M.D. Simon P. Hogan, Ph.D. Edith Janssen, Ph.D. Malak Kotb, Ph.D. Thesis Abstract Asthma is a complex inflammatory respiratory disorder that is driven by inappropriate Th cell-mediated immune responses to inhaled allergens. While mild forms of the disease are driven by Th2-mediated immune responses, recent evidence suggests that more severe forms of the disease are driven by the combination of Th2 and Th17-mediated immune responses. The incidence of asthma in developed nations has increased significantly in the past few decades and this increase in incidence has occurred at the same time as changes in lifestyle that have altered the milieu of commensal and pathogenic organisms that humans encounter and are colonized by. Specifically, changes in the composition of the bacterial intestinal microbiota in early life, including shifts in Clostridia species, have been associated with an increased risk of the development of asthma and allergic diseases in humans. Furthermore, several specific bacteria have been shown to be protective in murine models of asthma, largely via induction of regulatory immune responses. However bacterial species that might drive more severe disease remain less defined. -
Revisiting Stigmergy in Light of Multi-Functional, Biogenic, Termite Structures As Communication Channel ⇑ Sebastian Oberst A,B, , Joseph C.S
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 18 (2020) 2522–2534 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/csbj Revisiting stigmergy in light of multi-functional, biogenic, termite structures as communication channel ⇑ Sebastian Oberst a,b, , Joseph C.S. Lai b, Richard Martin a, Benjamin J. Halkon a, Mohammad Saadatfar c, Theodore A. Evans d a Centre for Audio, Acoustics and Vibration, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia b School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales Canberra, Northcott Dr, Campbell ACT 2612, Australia c Department of Applied Mathematics, Australian National University, 58-60 Mills Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia d School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia article info abstract Article history: Termite mounds are fascinating because of their intriguing composition of numerous geometric shapes Received 2 March 2020 and materials. However, little is known about these structures, or of their functionalities. Most research Received in revised form 4 August 2020 has been on the basic composition of mounds compared with surrounding soils. There has been some tar- Accepted 5 August 2020 geted research on the thermoregulation and ventilation of the mounds of a few species of fungi-growing Available online 19 August 2020 termites, which has generated considerable interest from human architecture. Otherwise, research on termite mounds has been scattered, with little work on their explicit properties. Keywords: This review is focused on how termites design and build functional structures as nest, nursery and food Termite structures storage; for thermoregulation and climatisation; as defence, shelter and refuge; as a foraging tool or Complexity Superorganism building material; and for colony communication, either as in indirect communication (stigmergy) or Vibrational communication as an information channel essential for direct communication through vibrations (biotremology). -
Sporulation in Bacteria: Beyond the Standard Model
SUNY Geneseo KnightScholar Biology Faculty/Staff Works Department of Biology 2014 Sporulation in Bacteria: Beyond the Standard Model Elizabeth Hutchison SUNY Geneseo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/biology Part of the Bacteriology Commons Recommended Citation Hutchison, E. A., Miller, D. A., & Angert, E. R. (2014). Sporulation in Bacteria: Beyond the Standard Model. Microbiology Spectrum, 2(5). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at KnightScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty/Staff Works by an authorized administrator of KnightScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SporulationinBacteria: Beyond the Standard Model ELIZABETH A. HUTCHISON,1 DAVID A. MILLER,2 and ESTHER R. ANGERT3 1Department of Biology, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454; 2Department of Microbiology, Medical Instill Development, New Milford, CT 06776; 3Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 ABSTRACT Endospore formation follows a complex, highly in nature (1). These highly resistant, dormant cells can regulated developmental pathway that occurs in a broad range withstand a variety of stresses, including exposure to Firmicutes Bacillus subtilis of . Although has served as a powerful temperature extremes, DNA-damaging agents, and hy- model system to study the morphological, biochemical, and drolytic enzymes (2). The ability to form endospores genetic determinants of sporulation, fundamental aspects of the program remain mysterious for other genera. For example, appears restricted to the Firmicutes (3), one of the ear- it is entirely unknown how most lineages within the Firmicutes liest branching bacterial phyla (4). Endospore formation regulate entry into sporulation. -
Subterranean Termite Baiting Systems
Subterranean termite baiting systems This factsheet describes baiting systems used for managing termites in Australia. It discusses concepts of baiting termites, termite aggregation in baiting stations and toxicant application with respect to feeding habits and behaviour of some termites that damage timber-in-service in Australia. There is also information about the economic impact of termites, the history and development of termite baiting systems and commercial termite baiting systems. Until recently, subterranean termite management in Australia relied on chemically treated soil barriers using highly persistent Figure 1 - Coptotermes acinaciformis cyclodiene insecticides. These chemicals were soldier. de-registered and withdrawn from use from 30 June 1995. There were alternative strategies Nasutitermes exitiosus is particularly for subterranean termite management in widespread in the cool temperate regions of buildings and structures well before this date. the southern, mainland states. One of these uses ’termite baiting systems’. The annual cost of termite damage to buildings Economic importance in Australia is estimated to exceed $100 million, while the cost of imported chemicals Australia’s diverse termite fauna includes 258 for termite management may exceed $20 described, and at least 90 undescribed million annually. Termites can cause species from about 30 genera in five families significant damage with devastating financial (Mastotermitidae, Termopsidae, and social implications for building owners. Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae). Termites fall broadly into three Feeding habits and behaviour categories: dampwood, drywood and Cellulose is the basic food requirement of all subterranean termites. termites, and they can damage all types of Most species of termites that damage timber- plant material. Most termite species eat grass in-service in Australia are subterranean and other surface vegetation and have an termites. -
Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Mice Fed a Diet
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of mice fed a diet supplemented with raw and cooked beef loin powder Hye‑Jin Kim1, Dongwook Kim1, Kwan‑Woo Kim2, Sang‑Hoon Lee2 & Aera Jang1* We used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota of mice fed a diet supplemented with either raw or cooked beef loin powder for 9 weeks. Male BALB/c mice (n = 60) were randomly allocated to fve groups: mice fed AIN‑93G chow (CON), chow containing 5% (5RB) and 10% (10RB) raw beef loin powder, and chow containing 5% (5CB) and 10% (10CB) cooked beef loin powder. Dietary supplementation with both RB and CB increased the relative abundance of Clostridiales compared to the CON diet (p < 0.05). Mice fed 10RB showed a signifcantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.018) and Lactobacillus (p = 0.001) than CON mice, and the ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes showed an increasing trend in the 10RB mice (p > 0.05). Mice fed 10CB showed a higher abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and a lower abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae compared with the CON mice (p < 0.05). Genes for glycan biosynthesis, which result in short‑chain fatty acid synthesis, were enriched in the CB mice compared to the RB mice, which was correlated to a high abundance of Bacteroides. Overall, dietary RB and CB changed the gut microbiota of mice (p < 0.05). Te human gastrointestinal tract harbors more than 100 trillion bacteria1. Gut bacteria play a crucial role in nutrition and host health 2, and prevent pathogenic colonization by consuming available nutrients and producing bacteriocins and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)3. -
Activities of a Cellulase of the Termite, Ametermes Eveuncifer (Silverstri) Soldier: Clue to Termites Salt Intolerance
Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.5, No.11, 2015 Activities of a Cellulase of the Termite, Ametermes Eveuncifer (Silverstri) Soldier: Clue to Termites Salt Intolerance Fagbohunka, B. S.1* Edorh, S. E. 1 Adeyanju, M. M. 1 Ezima, E.N. 1 Alabi, M. A. 2 Ogunlabi, O. O. 1 1.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ikenne, Ogun State 2.Bioresources Development Agency, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Abstract Table salt which contains predominantly NaCl is both toxic and lethal to termites and is therefore used to control the insect traditionally. In an attempt to find out a scientific explanation for this treatment and possibly design a pesticide for the destructive insect, we carried out some tests on the effects of NaCl (table salt), some other chloride and sodium salts on some important enzymes produced by termites . At 0.1mM concentration, all the chloride salts inhibited all the enzymes. Acid phosphatase and arginase were however mildly inhibited. Interestingly, some chloride salts were more potent than NaCl the conventional pesticide. The greatest inhibition was by the chlorides of mercury (81%), manganese (78%), and sodium (76%). The inhibitory effect was more on cellulolytic enzymes; β-glucosidase and cellulase than on detoxifying enzymes; 3-MST and rhodanese. Again, all the sodium salts tested inhibited cellulase drastically with most of them more potent than NaCl. Thus both the sodium and chloride ions contributed immensely to the inhibition. Form these discoveries, one of the chloride salts of mercury, manganese and sodium or a combination of at least two can be used as a pesticide for termites.