Retrospective Evaluation of Interventions for Handling Psychological Trauma in Families Affected by the July 11, 2010 Terror Attacks in Kampala
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RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS FOR HANDLING PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA IN FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THE JULY 11, 2010 TERROR ATTACKS IN KAMPALA JACOB WAISWA, 2010/HD03/2962U BCP MAKERERE UNIVERSITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE TRAINING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES DEGREE OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY JUNE 2014 DECLARATION This study is original and has not been submitted for any other degree award to any other university before. Signed: ……………... Jacob Waiswa Date: ……………… ii APPROVAL This dissertation entitled, ―Retrospective Evaluation of Interventions for Handling Psychological Trauma in Families Affected by the July 11, 2010 Terror Attacks in Kampala‖ by JACOB WAISWA was submitted to the directorate of research and graduate training for examinations with my approval as the academic supervisor for the award of a Masters of Arts Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies. Signed: ……….…………….. Prof. Peter Baguma Academic Supervisor iii DEDICATION I dedicate this book to my mother, Daisy Namulemo, for the relentless support she offered me; and my sisters, Rachael Babirye and Regina Kiiza, whose life conditions drove me to consider a mental health study on top of the fact that I came from the same academic background (mental health). Together we shall win. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I salute all victims of the July 11th, 2010 terror attacks for accepting to open up to me and for their time during the research data collection. To some, it was challenging to speak to me as it always came with terrifying memories, sadness, and tears, more so, me being a stranger to them. My former undergraduate lecturer, Makerere University School of Psychology, Makerere University, Simon Nantamu (PhD Candidate; Trinity College, Dublin), who provided intelligent advice on how best to develop my research idea; Prof. Peter Baguma (Dean, Makerere University School of Psychology), who did all he could to direct my research to more feasible and meaningful approaches every time I put myself in a very difficult situation; Dr. Musana Paddy (Head of Department – Religion and Peace Studies) for the constant encouragement to finish my research project when I felt burnt out and needed to relax away; Mutebi Eddie, Executive Director, Union of Community Development Volunteers (UCDV- UG) for contributing partly to data collection fund; and friends: Asif Kigenyi, Obang Hannington, Grace Kibuuka, Francis Mugyenyi, the 2010 MA Peace and Conflict Studies class, and the Dag Hammarskjold Hall Community provided me with a home away from home. Similarly, I appreciate the golden time from some service providers –in the area of mental health, including Uganda Counselling Association (UCA) and Basic Needs (Uganda). May this book serve the needs of survivors, the rest of the country, and the global community that may fall victims of devastating terrorist attacks, and may the souls of the dead victims rest in eternal peace. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Title ...................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Declaration ...........................................................................................................................II Dedication .......................................................................................................................... IV Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. V Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ VI List of Tables..................................................................................................................... VIII List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... IX List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................... X Abstract ............................................................................................................................. XII Chapter One: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study........................................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 Specific Objectives of the Study ................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Questions ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Scope of the Study........................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Geographical Scope: ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Content Scope: ............................................................................................................. 6 1.4.3 Time Scope: ................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Definition of Key Terms.................................................................................................. 7 1.5.1. Retrospective Evaluation ............................................................................................. 7 1.5.2 Trauma ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.3 Levels of Preparedness of Service Providers ................................................................. 7 1.5.4 Forms of Interventions.................................................................................................. 7 1.5.5 Appropriateness of Interventions .................................................................................. 7 1.5.6 Efficacy Of Interventions.............................................................................................. 7 1.5.7 Family .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 8 1.7 Concept Framework of the Study .................................................................................... 8 Chapter Two: Literature Review ......................................................................................... 10 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Nature of Trauma Suffered ............................................................................................ 10 2.3 Levels of Preparedness of Service Providers .................................................................. 12 2.4 Forms of Interventions .................................................................................................. 14 2.5 Appropriateness of Interventions ................................................................................... 17 2.6 Efficacy of Interventions ............................................................................................... 20 2.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter Three: Research Methodology ................................................................................ 24 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 24 3.2 Location of The Study ................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Study Design ................................................................................................................. 25 3.4 Study Population (N) ..................................................................................................... 26 3.5 Sample Size Estimate (N) .............................................................................................. 26 3.6 Sampling Method .......................................................................................................... 26 3.7 Data Collection Methods, Sources, and Research Instruments ....................................... 27 3.8 Data Control .................................................................................................................. 28 3.9 Procedure ...................................................................................................................... 28 vi 3.10 Data Processing nd Analysis ........................................................................................ 29 3.11 Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................. 30 3.12 Merits and Demerits of The Study ............................................................................... 31 Chapter Four: Presentation of Findings ..............................................................................