VIOLENCE in NAKAWA DIVISION, KAMPALA District by KIRANGA
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ALCOHOUsM AND DOMESi~ VIOLENCE IN NAKAWA DIVISION, KAMPALA DISTRIcT BY KIRANGA DEVIS BDS/37996/123/DU A DISSERTAUON SUBMITrED TO THE COLLEGE OF HUNANmES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIR~ME~ FOR THE AWARD OF THE BACHELOR’S DEGREE OF DEVELOpME~ STUDIESOF KAMPALA SEPTEMBER, 2017 DECLARAUON I, KIRANGA DEWS, hereby declare that this Research academic report has not been presentej to any institution for any academic award, publication, or other use. The work here is original. Where the works of others are quoted, appropriate references has been given. I therefore wish to present it for the award of the Bachelor’s Degree in Development Studies of Kampala international university. Signature Date 1(h(2~~,9 (TRANGA DEWS ~DS/37996/123/DU APPROVAL [certify that KIRANGA DEVIS conducted a research study and prepareri a research -eport entitled “Alcoholism and Domestic violence” A case study of Nakawa community n Kampala district I therefore, certify that this research report has been supervised ~nd approved by me as a requirement for the fulfillment of the award of a Bachelor’s legree of Developmer,t Studies of Kampala international University. iniversity Supervisor ~ Gwaivu Robert igned: Date: ~Q1~ 1~t~ DEDICATION This research report is dedicated to Almighb, God, my ~ther Mr. Eric Sabilti, my mother Mrs. Muhumuza Martha and my friend Mr. Francis Magezi for their encouragement and love during the course of my studies. III ACKNOWLE~EME~ [am indebted to my Supervisor Mr. Gwaivu Robert for the guidance and support he 3ccorded to me with patience, I wish to thank the staff of Kampala international Jniversity for the dedication they shown while teaching us. I would like to extend ~ppreciation to the staff of Nakawa DMsion Kampala District for their co-operation and ;upport. Lastly, I would like to thank my colleagues, the studen~ in development tidies class at KIU for their valuable contribution, Support and team spirit they ~xhibited throughout the course. Iv LIST OF ACRONYMS DSMMD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NACADAANatIonaI Campaign Against Drug Abuse Authority NPADA National Position on Alcohol and Drug Abuse ~.R Reproductive Rights iKtJnited Kingdom JNUnitecj Nations iSUnited States VHOWorld Health Organization V TABLE OF CONTENT DEc~RAuo~ APPROVAL ii DEDICAUON ~ LIST OF ACRONyMS LO ~ LI ~ L3 ObJectives of the study L3~l Generel Jective L~3~2 Spedftcchjectjves .~4 Researdi questions ~5~1 Geographical ~ ~5~2 Content scope ~5~3 Time ~pe £ Significauco of the study HAPTER Ti.M~ EVIEW OF LThRATijp~ o Introduction I Conceptual ~mewori. iAPTER ThREE ETHODOLOGY o Introduction I. Research Design x~y Z Study Population 3 Sample size I~ Sampling technique i~ Research Instrumentu XXVIII Validity of Research Instruments I Measurement of Variables Reliability of research In~m~ .0 Data processing and analysis vi 3~11 EthIC3I ~nsidei~tion 3~12 Limitutions of the study and ~!ution CHAPTER PRESENTAUON ANALYSIS AND DISCUS5~ON OF RESUU~ xxxi 4~O Intr~~ 4J. Profile ~ 4~4 Presentation of responde,~ on the relationship between alcohogi~ and domestic violence XXXVIII Table 4~8 XXXVjjj CHAPTER ~ SUMMARy OF ~NDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS xlii 0 Introduction i~1 Summary of findings xlii )bjective three; establishing the relationship between alcoholj~ and domestic ‘lolence in Nakawa dMsjon xliii ~2 Conclusion ~3Recommendatjons 4 Areas f0r fU~h~ research VA LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Sample selection and distribution ...~, 17 Table 4.1: Respondentsu age distribution ‘“~.m,, 21 Table 4.2: Gender distribution ~ 22 Table 4.3: Respondent’s marital status,,~, 23 Table 4.4: Respondent’s level of education,,24 Table 4,5: Respondent’s occupation,,,25 Table: 4.6 Factors associated with alcohol consumption and abuse...~, 26 Table: 4.7 Constraints to controlling alcohol .27 Table 4.8 Relationship between alcoholism and domestic violence 28 Table 4.9: Regression Analysis between the Dependent (alcoholism) and Independent Variables (domestic violence) 29 VIII LIST OF FIGURES Figure I: Conceptua’ framework for the topic: Alcoholism and domestic violence: A case study of Nakawa dMsion, Kampala distrjcL~. 9 ix CHAPTER ONE LO~ntroductjon This chapter covered the background to the study, the statement of the problem, the purpose of the study, objectives of the study, the research questions, the scope of the study, and the significance of the study. The study aimed at investigating alcoholism and domestic violence in Nakawa division, Kampala district. Li backgrou~~ rhe hazardous and harmful use of a/coho/ is locally and internationa//y gaining ecognition as a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases nd injury, disability and morta/ity caused by accidents, violence and crime (WHO, 011). he World Health Organization estima~ that there are about 2 billion people ‘oridwide that consume alcohoL Of the 2 billion, approximately 76~3 million have a agnosab/e alcohol use disorder, such as excessive drinking and alcohol dependence ‘oridwide, adults (age 15 years and older) consume on average 5 liters of pure alcohol m beer, wine and spirits each year. For the Africa region, the adult (15 years and ier) consumption of alcohol is about 4 liters of pure alcohol each year. The WHO ba/ Status Report on Alcohol released in 2004 showed that in Uganda, 19.47 liters of re alcohol are consumed per capita each year, This is nearly 4 times higher than the rldwide average and 5 times higher than the Africa region average, making Uganda ked number 1 from 189 WHO member states in level of alcohol consumption The rnful use of alcohol results in approximately 2.5 million deaths each year (WHO, .1). Apart from such health consequenc~, excessive alcohol consumption has also n /inked with various negative social and economic outcomes (Jemigan, 2001). Its nomic impacts manifest at both the macro and micro level as cour~,jes incur the ncial costs of responding to the negative health and social consequ~c~ and 1 resources towards alcohol Developing countries and their populations suffer the most from such consequences (WHO, 2011). The association between domestic violence and alcohol intake has been addressed in studies carried out in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Swi~er1and~. Researches canied out in North America show that from 50 to 70% of the cases of domestic violence between couples the husband had been drinking before the assault. Another study in the uS, looked into calls to the police because of domestic violence and found that in 86% of the cases the aggressors had been drinking on the day of the assault. In Latin America, in a study involving eight cities (Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; Call, Colombia; San José, Costa Rica; San Salvador, El Salvador; Caracas, Venezuela)1 it was found that 68% of the aggressors had been drinking before assaulting their wives and partners. In Colombia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua and Peru women whose partners drunk on a regular basis were from 2.6 to 9~8 times more likely to being victims of assault compared to women whose partners did not drink (Arilton, Fernandes&Cláudia, 2009) Alcohol use in northern Tanzania has been linked to physical violence, which is a proximate determinant of sexual abuse. Women who abused alcohol were likely to be sexually and physically abused. Further, the women were more likely to report STI symptoms and multiple sexual partners (Ghebremichaelet aL, 2009). In this study alcohol abuse was found to be indirectly associated with STIs through association with multiple sexual partners. (NACADAA, 2010) Victims of domestic violence estimated that 45% of perpetrators had been drinking and l7% were under the influence of drugs at the time of the assault in UK (Flood-Page & Taylor, 2003). Perpetrator’s alcohol use - alcohol consumption on the part of the 2 perpetrator tends to increase levels of violence and the likelihood of causing physical injury. When alcohol is combined with other substances, the violence becomes still more dangerous (Humphreys et at 2005), Women who experience domestic abuse and use alcohol, tend to do so as a consequence of the abuse (Humphreys et at 2005, raylor 20O3)~ There is a strong link between alcohol abuse and aggressive behavior. In ~003, one in four cases of domestic violence in Mexico involved alcohol abuse ENDIREH, 2004). be World Health Organization (WHO) declared that interpersonaj violence and harmful lcohol use are major challenges to global public health, These issues are especially evere in Latin American countries: in Mexico, 44% of women 15 and older and living ~ith a partner were victim of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence in D03; 70% of males aged 18 to 65 were habitual drinkers, and 40% of females in the ~me age range drank at least 1 to 3 times a month in 2002. There is also strong ‘idence of binge drinking: 34% of drinkers had between 5 and 24 drinks at once, mestic violence and alcohol abuse have strong detrimental effects on both the tims and the drinkers, as well as negative externalities for society as a whole, The tims of violence are affected Psychologically, physically, and economically. Children io witnessed violence become more likely to accept and perpetrate this behavior Ilack, 2004). 10 estimates that alcohol is responsible for 4% of all years of health lost through ability or premature death worldwide (Krug et aL, 2002). In Mexico, 24% of male ikers aged 12 to 65 committed some alcohof~retated crime in 2002The psychiatric rature, summarized in 2000, 2005, finds that alcohol causes violence. The effects are ~able: in 1976 a 10% increase in beer tax reduced the likelihood of severe parental ence against children by 2.3 percentage points in the United States between 1989 1991, the elasticity of violence with respect to alcohol (Krug et aL, 2002).