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Johann Rudolf Burckhardt (1750-1830) Und Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817) Alias Scheich Ibrahim

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Johann Rudolf Burckhardt (1750-1830) Und Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817) Alias Scheich Ibrahim Johann Rudolf Burckhardt (1750-1830) und Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784-1817) alias Scheich Ibrahim Autor(en): Eggenberger, Dorothee / Eggenberger, Christoph Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Librarium : Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Bibliophilen- Gesellschaft = revue de la Société Suisse des Bibliophiles Band (Jahr): 39 (1996) Heft 2 PDF erstellt am: 09.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-388615 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. 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Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch CHRISTOPH UND DOROTHEE EGGENBERGER JOHANN RUDOLF BURCKHARDT (1750-1830) UND JOHANN LUDWIG BURCKHARDT (1784-1817) ALIAS SCHEICH IBRAHIM Die bis in die heutigen Tage für die Breitinger, Füssli, Gessner, Lavater oder Archäologie und den Tourismus effektvollen Rousseau und Voltaire wirkten3.» Entscheidend Entdeckungen der Felsenstadt der Naba- waren aber die rege Sammlertätigkeit täer - Petra im heutigen Jordanien - und verschiedener Basler Bürger und dann der der Tempelanlage Ramses II. in Abu Sim- Kunstverlag des Christian von Mechel bel am nubischen Nil sind einem Basler (1737-1817), des Freundes vonJohannJoachim Forschungsreisenden zu verdanken, eine Winckelmann, «des Kunstgelehrten Tatsache, die zwar allgemein bekannt ist, der klassizistischen Epoche schlechthin». im einen oder anderen Reiseführer gar Winckelmanns Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums erwähnt wird, die aber stets wieder Erstaunen ist 1764 in der Waltherschen auslöst. Wie in der Forschung so oft, Buchhandlung zu Dresden erschienen4; hundert in den Naturwissenschaften häufiger als Jahre später riefJacob Burckhardt in einem in den Geisteswissenschaften, entspringen Brief aus: «Es ist doch ein ewiges und ganz die Entdeckungen mehr einem Zufall als wunderbares Verdienst von Winckelmann, einer systematischen Suche auf Grund dass er die Kunstgeschichte nach ihrem von schriftlichen Quellen; dies gilt historischen und ihrem systematischen Be- insbesondere für Abu Simbel. Johann Ludwig standtheil geschieden hat3!»Johann Rudolf Burckhardt war als Scheich Ibrahim Burckhardt, der Vater vonJohann Ludwig, aufgebrochen, im Auftrag des Association fur ließ sich in den Jahren 1775 bis 1780 vom Promoting the Discovery ofi the Interior Part of Architekten und Zeichner Johann Ulrich Africa - oder kurz African Association -, die Büchei das Haus zum Kirschgarten als Quellen des Niger im Innern Afrikas zu erstes klassizistisches Wohnhaus in Basel erforschen. In Kairo wartete er auf die Fezzan- bauen. Ausstellung und Publikation zeichnen Karawane, mit der er mitgehen wollte, und sorgfältig - und liebevoll - nach, wie nutzte die Zeit für Reisen nach Nubien, sich Basel für die Antike zu begeistern Mekka und Medina. Seine Berichte nach begann, für Augusta Raurica «als eine Art London - und die privaten an die Familie lokales Pompeji6» und für die Spitzenwerke in Basel - ergeben ein faszinierendes Bild der antiken Skulptur, die man sich des Reisens damals wie des erwachenden in Gipsabgüssen beschaffte.Johann Rudolf wissenschaftlichen Interesses an Ägypten1. Burckhardt kaufte im Jahre 1780 für den Diese Notiz soll auch im Zeichen der Kirschgarten elf Abgüsse an; dabei durfte exquisiten Ausstellung Sehnsucht Antike: Das der Apoll von Belvedere im Vatikan genauso Haus zum Kirschgarten und die Anfange des wenig fehlen wie die Venus Medici in Klassizismus in Baselunà der sie begleitenden den Uffizien; es ist der Anfang der Basler Publikation stehen2. Nüchtern stellt Benno Skulpturhalle7. Der Hang zur Antike fand Schubiger fest, «Basel besaß im 18. Form in der Architektur des Kirschgartens, Jahrhundert keine herausragenden kulturellen dessen faszinierende Baugeschichte dem Exponenten mit Ausstrahlung über die Betrachter der Ausstellung in Form von Plänen Schweiz hinaus; dies im Unterschied zu und Ansichten, in der Publikation mit anderen Schweizer Städten wie Bern oder erläuterndenTexten verschiedener Autoren Zürich oder Genf, wo Haller oder Bodmer, nachgezeichnet wird. Das Bauprogramm 187 kulminiert im Projekt eines Freundschaftstempels Diese Vorbildung, auch wenn sie quellenmäßig als Hauskapelle mit der von nur als eine atmosphärische angesehen aAlexander Trippel 1781 in Rom vollendeten werden kann, muß eine starke Wirkung Marmorstatue einer Vestalin, heute im Alberti- hinterlassen haben; sie entsprach einem num zu Dresden8. Die freimaurerische Idee Zeitgeist, der auch in Deutschland und des Tempels wurde bezeichnenderweise England wehte. Der Bericht des nachmaligen mit klassischen griechisch-römischen Scheich Ibrahim in seinen 1819 postum Elementen gestaltet, nicht mit ägyptischen wie in London erschienenen Travels in Nubia in Mozarts und Schikaneders Zauberflöte stellt ein schönes Zeugnis dar, wie Johann zehn Jahre später. Johann Rudolf Burckhardt Ludwigs humanistische, griechisch-römische wird zum Mäzen des Bildhauers; Bildung durchbrach, als er erstmals Dieter Ulrich bietet dem Leser ein köstliches der pharaonischen Skulptur entgegentrat - Muster aus seinen Trippel-Forschun- bei seiner Entdeckung des Großen Tempels gen9. Bücheis Theaterdekorationen der Zeit von Abu Simbel am 22. März 181311: um 1782, in der Ausstellung nachgebaut, «Ich meinte, alle Altertümer von Ebsam- übernehmen antike Säulenordnungen; es bal [Abu Simbel] gesehen zu haben... Als fehlen die ägyptisierenden Elemente, die ich mich glücklicherweise weiter hin nach sich dreißig Jahre später bei Schinkel Süden umsah, fiel mir das, was noch von finden. Das Bild, nicht nur des Kirschgartens, vier ungeheuren Kolossalstatuen, die aus sondern seiner Zeit, wird abgerundet durch dem Felsen gehauen sind, sichtbar ist, in die Keramik - das klassizistische Wedgwood einer Entfernung von ungefähr zweihundert - und die Mode und gekrönt durch Yards vom Tempel in die Augen. Sie Yvonne Boerlin-Brodbecks Überblick über stehen in einer tiefen Öffnung, die man in die Bildkünste in Basel im späten 18.Jahr¬ den Berg geschlagen hat, allein, es ist zu hundert; neben Johann Ulrich Büchei bedauern, daß sie fast ganz vom Sand und Marquard Wocher kommen Hubert begraben sind, welcher hier in Strömen herabweht. Robert, Januarius Zick, Johann Heinrich Der ganze Kopf sowie ein Teil der Lips, Peter und Samuel Birmann und Brust und der Arme einer der Statuen ragen andere zur Geltung10. Eine wertvolle noch über die Oberfläche heraus, von der Bibliographie beschließt den nicht nur anregenden, zunächststehenden ist kaum noch irgend auch schön, ja üppig gestalteten Band. etwas sichtbar, da der Kopf abgebrochen Es ist verlockend, Johann Ludwig in und der Leib bis über die Schultern mit dem Ambiente des Kirschgartens aufwachsen Sand bedeckt ist, von den beiden anderen zu sehen und zu verstehen, wie sehr sind nur noch die Mützen [die Kronen] er mit der Liebe zur Antike seit sichtbar. Es läßt sich schwer ausmachen, ob Kindsbeinen durchtränkt war. Doch derJunge ist diese Statuen sich in sitzender oder stehender nur selten im Kirschgarten anzutreffen; er Stellung befinden... Die Gesichter sind wurde in Lausanne geboren und ging später nicht nach dem Fluß gerichtet sondern in Neuenburg ins Internat; der Vater ist blicken nach Norden, zu den fruchtbaren häufig unterwegs und muß Basel zeitweise Gefilden Ägyptens... Der Kopf, welcher aus politischen Gründen verlassen.Johann noch aus der Oberfläche des Sandes Ludwig zeigte sich zeit seines kurzen hervorragt, hat ein höchst ausdrucksvolles, Lebens sehr anhänglich an seine Mutter, Sara jugendliches Ansehen, das sich mehr dem Burckhardt-Rohner, welche sein Vater 1781 griechischen Schönheitsideal nähert als in zweiter Ehe heiratete. Und doch, es sind irgendeine alte ägyptische Figur, die mir zu entscheidende Jahre, dieJohann Ludwig in Gesicht gekommen ist; hätte er nicht einen Basel verbrachte bis 1800, als er zu Studien dünnen länglichen Bart, so könnte man ihn nach Leipzig und Göttingen aufbrach. recht gut für einen Pallaskopf ansehen.» Diese Stelle ist entscheidend, nicht nur tet, Burckhardt formuliere unabhängig von für Burckhardts Verständnis der Antike, Riegl, er stütze sich eher auf Schopenhauer sondern für die klassizistische Begeisterung ab13. Im Blick auf das Erlebnis des Scheichs für die griechische Klassik des 5. Jahrhundert ist Jacob Burckhardts folgende Äußerung v. Chr.; es sei deshalb der englische aufschlußreich: «Der Schritt ins scharf Originalwortlaut nachgestellt: «The head Individuelle war schon sehr früh geschehen which is above the surface
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