1 a 17Th-Century View and Map of Mecca
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Downloaded from Brill.Com09/27/2021 10:32:48PM Via Free Access 266 Index
Index ʿAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl (Nasser) 233, 234 Almássy, László 233 ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 143, 144, 151, 152, 154 Americas 171 Abd-el-Wahad (Moroccan resident in Mecca) American Oil Company 230 128 Arab Abdülhamid ii (Sultan-Caliph and Khādim Bureau/Bureaux arabes (military system of al-Ḥaramayn) 71, 115 administration) 96, 121 ʿAbdullāh Saʿīd al-Damlūjī 196 hygiene 194 Abdur Rahman 95, 96 migrants in Poland 156 Ablonczy, Balázs 227 Revolt 96, 97 Abraham 137, 166 Arabia (see Saudi Arabia) Abul Fazl 23 Arabian Abu-Qubays (mount) 128 Peninsula 5, 119, 143 Aceh 28, 93 horse, walking on pilgrims 166 Aden 11, 25, 90, 96, 99, 101, 145, 154 architecture 166 Afghanistan 95, 103, 115, 207 music and dancing girls 165, 167 Africa 34, 41, 81, 95, 99, 113, 121, 143, 144, 148, sea 21 150, 171, 192, 198, 240 ʿArafāt África ( journal) 261 the Day of 209, 210, 211 Africanism 241 the Mountain of 90, 151, 185, 200, 201, 204, Akbar Nama 23 207, 209, 210, 223 Akbar (Emperor) 23, 30, 37 the Plain of 97, 212 ʿAlawī, Aḥmad b. Muṣṭafā al- 251 Arenberg (d’), Auguste 130 ʿAlawiyya (Sufi order) 251 Armenian 4, 148 Al-Azhar x, 221, 222, 223, 232, 233, 234, 259 Attas, Said Hossein al- 201 Album with photographs of Polish mosques Asad, Muḥammad (Weiss, Leopold) 174, 195 177 Asia 10, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 30, 34, 38, 43, 47, 52, Albuquerque, Alfonso de 19 59, 81, 95, 107 Alcohol 150, 230 Assimilationist 212 Alexandria 143, 144, 154, 222, 227, 229, 240, Asssemblé Nationale (French Parliament) 249, 258 121 Alexandria Aurangzeb 31 Fuad i Airport in 257 Australia 171 Spanish consul -
The Biography of the Prophet This Book Is Not Copyrighted
ﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ The Prophet's Biography May Allah exalt his Mention 1 Copyright © This book has been adapted from The Biography of the Prophet This book is not copyrighted. Any or all parts of this book may be used for educational pur- poses as long as the information used is not in any way quoted out of context or used for profit. This material has been reviewed and forwarded for publishing and distribution by the Eng- lish language section of the Department of Islamic Resources. Form #: 4606 Date: 14/01/1427 If you have any corrections, comments, or questions about this publication, please feel free to contact us at: [email protected] www.islamhouse.com 2 Pre-Prophethood Religious Conditions Great religions of the world had spread the light of faith, morality and learning in the ages past. However, by the sixth century AD, so completely were their scriptures and teachings distorted that had the founder or the Prophet of any one of them returned to Earth, he would unquestionably have refused his own religion and denounced its followers as apos- tates and idolaters. Judaism had, by then, been reduced to an amalgam of dead rituals and sacraments with- out any spark of life left in it. Also, being a religion upholding a strong racial identity, it never had a message for other nations or for the good of the humanity at large. Through mysticism and magic many polytheistic ideas and customs again found their way among the people, and the Talmud confirms the fact that idolatrous worship is seductive. -
Applying the Creative City Concept to Makkah
Urban Transformation Through Creativity: Applying the Creative City Concept to Makkah Saeed A. Alamoudy A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media at the University of Salford School of Arts and Media 1 Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................6 List of Figures...........................................................................................................7 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................9 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 10 Publications ............................................................................................................ 11 Papers presented .................................................................................................... 11 Conference Co-organiser ....................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 12 Research Aim ................................................................................................................ 12 Research objectives ....................................................................................................... 12 Research Rationale ....................................................................................................... -
Herod I, Flavius Josephus, and Roman Bathing
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts HEROD I, FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, AND ROMAN BATHING: HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN DIALOG A Thesis in History by Jeffrey T. Herrick 2009 Jeffrey T. Herrick Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2009 The thesis of Jeffrey T. Herrick was reviewed and approved* by the following: Garrett G. Fagan Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies and History Thesis Advisor Paul B. Harvey Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, History, and Religious Studies, Head of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Ann E. Killebrew Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Jewish Studies, and Anthropology Carol Reardon Director of Graduate Studies in History; Professor of Military History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT In this thesis, I examine the historical and archaeological evidence for the baths built in late 1st century B.C.E by King Herod I of Judaea (commonly called ―the Great‖). In the modern period, many and diverse explanations of Herod‘s actions have been put forward, but previous approaches have often been hamstrung by inadequate and disproportionate use of either form of evidence. My analysis incorporates both forms while still keeping important criticisms of both in mind. Both forms of evidence, archaeological and historical, have biases, and it is important to consider their nuances and limitations as well as the information they offer. In the first chapter, I describe the most important previous approaches to the person of Herod and evaluate both the theoretical paradigms as well as the methodologies which governed them. -
Year 4 Petra Reading and Grammar Activities
Wonders of the World UKS2 Reading Comprehension Activity Petra Visit the Creative Primary Literacy store for more Literacy resources including playscripts, creative writing ideas and close reading activities. Thanks to LoggaWiggler for the photo! Wonders of the World – Petra Petra is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It lies within the mountains of the Arabah valley that runs from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. Petra is believed to have been settled in as early as 9000 BC, and it was possibly established in the 4th century BC as the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom. The earliest historical reference to Petra was in 312 BC when Greek historians wrote about an unsuccessful attack on the city. The Nabataeans were used to living in deserts, and were able to defeat any attacks by taking advantage of the area's terrain. Petra flourished in the 1st century AD, when its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 people. The Nabataean kingdom became a client state of the Roman Empire in the first century BC, but it wasn’t until 106 AD that it lost its independence. Petra fell to the Romans, who renamed it as Arabia Petraea. Petra's importance then declined as sea trade routes emerged, and an earthquake destroyed many of its structures. By the early Islamic era Petra was abandoned except for a handful of nomads. It remained unknown to the world until it was rediscovered again in 1812 by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water system, Petra is also called the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved. -
Hejaz: the First Postage Stamps of 1916 and T E Lawrence
Final version. 16.9.05 Hejaz: The First Postage Stamps of 1916 and T E Lawrence. David R Beech FRPSL Hejaz, more correctly spelt Hijaz, is a region in the Arabian Peninsular that includes both the Red Sea littoral and the holy Islamic cities of Mecca and Medina. It had been part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire since 1517. In 1845 the Ottomans strengthened their influence by taking greater control from the local chiefs. To consolidate the position further, and to facilitate the journey for pilgrims, a railway, known as the Hijaz Railway, was built between 1900 and 1908 from Damascus to Medina. On 5th November 1914 Great Britain declared war on the Ottoman Empire which had joined the First World War on the same side as Germany. Arab Revolt against the Turks would benefit British interests and a secret agreement of 23rd October 1914 for support was made with the Sherif of Mecca in Hijaz. On 7th June 1916 Hijaz proclaimed independence, on 10th June its forces occupied Mecca, and on 27th June Hijaz declared war on Turkey. Also on 27th June Husayn [or Hussein as quoted below] ibn ‘Ali, Grand Emir and Sherif of Mecca (c1854-1931), who had been appointed to his office by the Turks in 1908, further declared independence of Ottoman rule and on 29th October was proclaimed King of the Hijaz. Into the story enters T E Lawrence, “Lawrence of Arabia” (1888-1935) in the company of Ronald (later Sir Ronald) Storrs (1881-1955), Oriental Secretary at the Arab Bureau and later High Commission, in Cairo. -
TRAGEDY of KARBALA - an ANALYTICAL STUDY of URDU HISTORICAL WRITINGS DURING 19Th > 20Th CENTURY
^^. % TRAGEDY OF KARBALA - AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF URDU HISTORICAL WRITINGS DURING 19th > 20th CENTURY ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF JBottor of $t)tlo£;opI)p IN ISLAMIC STUDIES By FAYAZ AHMAD BHAT Under the Supervision of PROFESSOR MUHAMMAD YASIN MAZHAR SIDDIQUI DIRECTOR, SHAH WALIULLAH DEHLAVI RESEARCH CELL Institute of Islamic Studies, A.M.U., Aligarh. DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2003 :^^^^ Fed ir. Comptrf^r Aaad m >«'• Att. M "s/.-Oj Uni^ 0 2 t'S 2C06 THESIS 1 ABSTRACT The sad demise of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) (571- 622AD) created a vacuum in the Muslim Ummah. However, this vacuum was filled by the able guided and pious Khulafa {Khulafa-i-Rashidin) who ruled Ummah one after another. Except the first Khalifah, all the subsequent three Khulafa were unfortunately martyred either by their co-religionists or by antagonists. Though the assassination of Hazrat Umar (RA) did not create any sort of havoc in the Ummah, but the assassination of Hazrat Uthman (RA) caused a severe damage to the unity of Muslim Ummah. This was further aggravated by the internal dissentions caused by the assassination of the third Khalifah during the period of the fourth Khalifah, leading to some bloodshed of the Muslims in two bloody wars of Camel and Si/fin; Hazrat All's assassination was actually a result of that internal strife of the Muslims, dividing the Muslim community into two warring camps. Hazrat Hasan's abdication of the Khilafah tried to bridge the gulf but temporarily, and the situation became explosive once again when Hazrat Muawiyah (RA) nominated his son Yazid as his successor whose candidature was questioned and opposed by a group of people especially by Hazrat Husain (RA) on the ground that he was not fit for the Khilafah. -
A Bridge of Curiosity and Conflict: How Egyptology Connected Europe and Egypt
A Bridge of Curiosity and Conflict: How Egyptology Connected Europe and Egypt Departmental Honors Paper Jessica Burnette Burnette, 1 Outsiders in Egypt Egyptology has been a driving force of cultural clash and exchange in Egypt for a very long time. Even during the Pharaonic Period in Egypt itself, there were people who possessed a deep fascination for the nation’s past. It is hardly a surprise, then, that this fascination continued through time and spread to other nations and peoples. Egypt and its people have borne the brunt of the effects of this foreign fascination with their nation. This is especially true during and following the periods of major European influence in Egypt. Egyptology, even before it was officially called such, was both a major reason for and a way in which Europeans interacted with Egypt and its people. Egyptology acted as a sort of connective tissue between Egypt and Europe. Changes, both cultural and political, in one country would send ripples through that connection, which would then have an effect on the other. That is not to say that the connection was entirely equal. Europe was very much a colonial power in this relationship, and exerted more influence on Egypt than Egypt was often capable of matching in return. Despite the imbalance, neither side was left unchanged by the connection forged through Egyptology. In order to explore how Egyptology changed over time and affected Egypt and Europe, it is important to understand what exactly it is. To judge by the name alone, Egyptology would seem to be the study of every aspect of Egypt: its geology, culture, climate, languages, society, politics, and its entire history. -
History and Culture.Indd
History & Culture Table of Contents Map of Jordan 1 L.Tiberius Umm Qays Welcome 2 Irbid Jaber Amman 4 Pella Hemmeh Ramtha er As-Salt HISTORY & CULTURE12 ITINERARIES Ajlun Mafraq Madaba 14 dan Riv Jerash Deir 'Alla Umm al-Jimal 1 Day Tour Options: Jor Umm Ar-Rasas1. Jerash, Ajlun 16 ey Salt Qasr Al Hallabat Mount Nebo2. Amman (City Tour) 17 all Zarqa Marka 3. Madaba, Mount Nebo, Bethany Beyond the Jordan V dan Jordan Valley & The Dead Sea 18 Jor Amman Iraq al-Amir Qusayr Amra Azraq Karak 20 Bethany Beyond The Jordan Mt. Nebo Qasr Al Mushatta 3 Day Itinerary: Dead Sea Spas Queen Alia Qasr Al Kharrana Petra 22 Madaba International Day 1. Amman, Jerash, Madaba and Dead Sea - Overnight in Ammana Airport e Hammamat Ma’in Aqaba Day 2. Petra - Overnight in26 Little Petra S d Dhiban a Umm Ar-Rasas Jerash Day 3. Karak, Madaba and30 Mount Nebo - Overnight in Ammane D Ajlun 36 5 Day Itinerary: Umm Al-Jimal 38 Qatraneh Day 1. Amman, Jerash, Ajlun - Overnight in Amman Karak Pella 39 Mu'ta Day 2. Madaba, Mount Nebo, Karak - Overnight at PetraAl Mazar aj-Janubi Umm QaysDay 3. Petra - Overnight at40 Petra Shawbak Day 4. Wadi Rum - Overnight42 Dead Sea Tafileh Day 5. Bethany Beyond The Jordan MAP LEGEND Desert Umayyad Castles 44 History & Culture Itineraries 49 Historical Site Shawbak Highway Castle Desert Wadi Musa Petra Religious Site Ma'an Airport Ras an-Naqab Road For further information please contact: Highway Jordan Tourism Board: Tel: +962 6 5678444. It is open daily (08:00- Railway 16:00) except Fridays. -
Neolithic Period, North-Western Saudi Arabia
NEOLITHIC PERIOD, NORTH-WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA Khalid Fayez AlAsmari PhD UNIVERSITY OF YORK ARCHAEOLOGY SEPTEMBER 2019 Abstract During the past four decades, the Neolithic period in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) had received little academic study, until recently. This was due to the previous widely held belief that the Arabian Peninsula had no sites dating back to this time period, as well as few local researchers and the scarcity of foreign research teams. The decline in this belief over the past years, however, has led to the realisation of the importance of the Neolithic in this geographical part of the world for understanding the development and spread of early farming. As well as gaining a better understanding of the cultural attribution of the Neolithic in KSA, filling the chronological gaps in this historical era in KSA is vital, as it is not well understood compared to many neighbouring areas. To address this gap in knowledge, this thesis aims to consider whether the Northwest region of KSA was an extension of the Neolithic developments in the Levant or an independent culture, through presenting the excavation of the Neolithic site of AlUyaynah. Despite surveys and studies that have been conducted in the KSA, this study is the first of its kind, because the site "AlUyaynah", which is the focus of this dissertation, is the first excavation of a site dating back to the pre-pottery Neolithic (PPN). Therefore, the importance of this study lies in developing an understanding of Neolithic characteristics in the North-Western part of the KSA. Initially, the site was surveyed and then three trenches were excavated to study the remaining levels of occupation. -
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
Institute ofAsian and African Studies at the Hebrew University The Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation offprint from JERUSALEM STUDIES IN ARABIC AND ISLAM 8 1986 FROM JAHIUYYA TO ISLAM I Part II THE MAGNES PRESSOTHE HEBREW UNIVERSITY-JERUSALEM J5AI 8. 1986 THE KAcBA Aspects of its ritual functions and position in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times Uri Rubin The history of the Ka-ba in pre-Islamic times, as recorded in the Arab sources, is, in many cases, related from a specific Islamic viewpoint, and formulated in a special Islamic terminology, which has, sometimes, un- dergone a process of adaptation and re-adaptation. But, in spite of these disadvantages of the Muslim records, which have already been noticed by western scholars, lone may still come across many passages which seem to reflect the authentic pre-Islamic reality of the Ka-ba. Even pas- sages containing details which appear to be contradictory, or, inconsis- tent, or even legendary, are, more often than not, most revealing with respect to the history of the Ka-ba, The present study is based upon the assumption that much of the inconsistency in the information about the Ka-ba, as recorded in our sources, is essentially the result of real changes and developments which took place in the structure, ritual functions and position of the Ka'ba in pre-Islamic times, and in the attitude of the worshippers towards this sanctuary since it became part of Muslim worship. Some of these changes and developments are studied in the present article, the outline of which is as follows: 1. -
The Holy Kabah History
http://www.kabahinfo.net/eng-php/contents.php Highlights on History It has been confirmed orally that the Arabian Peninsula was the cradle of an advanced civilization since the beginning of human history. These civilizati ons successively flourished and declined, settling in the fertile parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Sometimes they isolated themselves but usually they had contact with their neighbours. There were, at different times, Old drawing Al-Masjid Al-Haram Tasm, Jadees, Saba'a and Aad in -the so uth and Thamud and Madyan were in the north. These civilizations prospered and perished, but Allah, the All-Wise, desired that the cultural history of this peninsula be perpetual. Its actual history started when Allah, the Almighty, honoured it by sending Abraham, the Father of the Prophets (peace be upon him), to build the Ancient House and settle with his family in the heart of this peninsula. Makkah, at that time an arid area, was designated as Umm UI Qura (Mother of Cities). The offspring of Ismail Ibn Ibrahim (peace be upon them) multiplied after they had raised the foundations of the Sacred House. This arid valley was changed, becoming the direction of the hearts and the place of assembly for Muslims, it nourished their spirits and refreshed their souls and fruits were brought to them from all parts of the world. Allah, the Supreme, selected from the people of Makkah and the offspring of Abraham (peace be upon him), the seal of His Prophets and Messengers, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (blessings and peace be upon him). The Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) called to monotheism, and from Makkah Al-Mukarramah to Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, to the borders of the Arabian Peninsula, the call for righteousness poured forth to echo around the world.