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Management Planning for Archaeological Sites Management Planning for Archaeological Sites An International Workshop Organized by the Getty Conservation Institute and Loyola Marymount University 19-22 May 2000 Corinth, Greece Edited by Jeanne Marie Teutónico and Gaetano Palumbo THE GETTY CONSERVATION INSTITUTE Los ANGELES Cover: Temple of Apollo, Corinth, Greece. Photograph by Gaetano Palumbo, 2000. © 2000 J. Paul Getty Trust. Jeanne Marie Teutónico and Gaetano Palumbo, Editors Michelle Ghaffari, Copy Editor Anita Keys, Production Coordinator Jeffrey Cohen, Series Designer Hespenheide Design, Book Designer The Getty Conservation Institute (CCI) works internationally to advance conservation and to enhance and encourage the preservation and understanding of the visual arts in all of their dimensions—objects, collec- tions, architecture, and sites. The Institute serves the conservation community through scientific research; education and training; field projects; and the dissemination of the results of both its work and the work of others in the field. In all its endeavors, the Institute is committed to addressing unanswered questions and promoting the highest possible standards of conservation practice. The GCI is a program of the J. Paul Getty Trust, an international cultural and philanthropic organiza- tion devoted to the visual arts and the humanities that includes an art museum as well as programs for education, scholarship, and conservation. Published by The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90049-1684 © 2002 J. Paul Getty Trust. Printed in the United States of America 10 9876543 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Management planning for archaeological sites : an international workshop organized by the Getty Conservation Institute and Loyola Marymount University, 19-22 May 2000, Corinth, Greece / edited by Jeanne Marie Teutónico and Gaetano Palumbo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-89236-691-0 ISBN-10: 0-89236-691-5 1. Excavations (Archaeology)—Congresses. 2. Historic sites—Management—Congresses. 3. Historic sites— Conservation and restoration—Congresses. 4. Archaeology—Methodology—Congresses. 5. Archaeology— Field work—Congresses. 6. Excavations (Archaeology)—Greece—Corinth—Congresses. 7. Corinth (Greece)—Antiquities—Congresses. I. Teutónico, Jeanne Marie. II. Palumbo, Gaetano. III. Getty Conservation Institute. IV Loyola Marymount University. CC76 .A76 2002 930.1'028'3—dc21 2002013572 Contents Timothy P. Whalen v Foreword Jeanne Marie Teutónico and William Fulco vu Préface PART ONE Background Papers Gaetano Palumbo 3 Threats and Challenges to the Archaeological Heritage in the Mediterranean Randall Mason and Erica Avrami 13 Heritage Values and Challenges of Conservation Planning Martha Demás 27 Planning for Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites: A Values-Based Approach PART TWO Case Studies Jeanne Marie Teutónico 57 Introduction Experiences from Europe and Latin America Christopher Young 60 Hadrian's Wall, United Kingdom Carolina Castellanos 68 Chan Chan, Peru Three Sites in the Region Esti Ben Haim 83 Masada, Israel Aysar Akrawi 98 Petra, Jordan Guy Sanders 113 Corinth, Greece Jeanne Marie Teutónico and Gaetano Palumbo 126 Summary of Discussions Martha Demás 129 Annotated Bibliography 155 List of Participants 157 Author Biographies V Foreword T is MY PLEASURE to present this newest addition to the Proceedings series of the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI). The series has a long i history and has dealt with a great variety of topics from wallpaintings conservation to the study of ancient and historic metals to the conserva- tion of grotto sites on the Silk Road. It is one of the many publication venues through which the GCI seeks to advance the conservation and pro- tection of the world's cultural heritage by disseminating information to a broad professional audience. Under the dedicated editorship of Jeanne Marie Teutónico and Gaetano Palumbo, this most recent volume contains the proceedings of a workshop entitled "Management Planning for Archaeological Sites," jointly organized by the GCI and Loyola Marymount University (LMU) near the site of Corinth, Greece, in May 2000. The workshop was attended by more than thirty participants from fourteen countries who gathered together for four days of presentations, site visits, and small group discus- sions focused on issues of archaeological site conservation and manage- ment in the eastern Mediterranean. The GCI has a long-standing commitment to the conservation and management of archaeological sites that is reflected in years of research, teaching, and field projects. In many ways, the Corinth workshop can be seen as a logical outcome of the 1995 conference "The Conservation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Region," which first brought together a group of professionals from the region to debate the merits of a values-based planning approach. Building on the results of that experi- ence, the Corinth workshop provided an opportunity to focus in a more detailed way on the realities of the region in relation to the theoretical planning model. It is our hope that this publication will promote critical discussion, inspire further research, and advance the conservation and management of archaeological sites worldwide. As always, events such as the Corinth workshop require the intelligence, talent, and enthusiasm of many people. First and foremost, thanks are due to the workshop participants, many of whom are repre- sented as authors in this volume. From the outset, they embraced the workshop's aims and brought energy, ideas, and a spirit of openness to the proceedings. The event and this publication would not have been possible without them. VI Our partner in the event, Loyola Marymount University, brought an invaluable knowledge of the region and its archaeological heritage and promoted the idea of a collaboration with the GCI. Special thanks are extended to Dr. William Fulco, NEH chair in Ancient Mediterranean Studies, who worked closely with GCI staff to develop, organize, and deliver the event, and to Dr. Joseph Jabbra, academic vice president, who supported the institutional collaboration and enthusiastically participated in the workshop. Thanks, too, to Sandra Scham in Jerusalem for facilitat- ing early contacts. Grateful acknowledgment is also due to Yad Hanadiv (The Rothschild Foundation) and to its representative Ariel Weiss for providing initial funding support for the event and for consistently emphasizing the importance of dialogue. The workshop would not have been possible without the assis- tance, collaboration, and hospitality of the local and national authorities in Corinth. We are especially grateful to Angelos Manolakis, prefect of Corinth, who welcomed us to the city and provided the workshop parti- cipants with a generous reception in their honor. We thank Elisabeth Spathari, director of the IV Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and her colleague Zoe Aslamatzidou for their help in organizing the event and for sharing their knowledge of Corinth and of the administrative framework in which conservation takes place in Greece. We were also very fortunate to count on the collaboration of Guy Sanders, director of the Corinth excavation for the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, who provided invaluable assistance in organiz- ing the site visit to Corinth and the event in general. We also acknowledge the assistance of Nancy Bookidis, who, together with Guy Sanders, pro- vided the workshop participants with an extraordinary in-depth visit to the site. Recognition must also be given to the GCI staff who worked hard over a long period to realize this project. Giora Solar, formerly head of field projects at the GCI, fostered the early partnership with LMU and eventually participated in the workshop as a representative from Israel. On Giora's departure from the GCI, leadership for the event was taken up by Jeanne Marie Teutónico, associate director of the GCI, who worked with an extraordinarily dedicated team of professionals including Gaetano Palumbo, Martha Demás, Randall Mason, Erica Avrami, and Françoise Descamps to prepare and deliver the workshop. Their knowledge, experi- ence, and commitment were critical in giving structure and substance to the initial concept. On the logistical side, the team was ably assisted by Chris Seki of the GCI and Tammy Jones of LMU, who managed to meet numerous administrative and organizational challenges with exceptional grace and efficiency. Finally, in addition to the volume editors, we are indebted to Michelle Ghaffari, who copyedited the manuscript; to Kristin Kelly, head of Public Programs and Communications at the GCI; and to our colleagues at Trust Publications for getting these proceedings into print. Timothy P. Whalen DIRECTOR The Getty Conservation Institute Vil Preface N MAY 2000, an international group of architects, archaeologists, tourism professionals, and government officials met in Loutraki, i Greece, near the ancient site of Corinth, for a workshop on archaeo- logical site management planning that was jointly organized by the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) and Loyola Marymount University (LMU). The purpose of the workshop was to explore management planning con- cepts that might be useful in addressing the many threats facing archaeo- logical sites in the eastern Mediterranean. For several years, the GCI has taken a leading role in developing, utilizing, and advocating a values-driven planning process for the manage- ment of archaeological sites based
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