From Meetinghouse to Church Home To
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UNITED PARISH OF AUBURNDALE Report on Sanctuary History and Design A Resource for the Study and Process of Sanctuary Renovations September 2015 Prepared by Sherwood Norton Working Draft 6.0 9/15/2015; Not for general distribution Please discard prior drafts. Preface A church building communicates the story of the vision, mission, and expression of its faith community. Wisely planned, maintained, and appropriately changed over time, it can shape worship and enhance the ministry of its members and to the community. Poorly designed and maintained, it can detract from the identity and purpose of its congregation. This is the story of the church building of the United Parish of Auburndale – the gathering place where God and people meet. The way the dynamic character of this religious space is organized can be read to understand the reasons for its design, evolution, and change. It is anticipated that this story can enable an appreciation of the building’s sacred spaces and of understanding of tradition becoming innovation, and innovation becoming tradition. It is designed to provoke curiosity, be a catalyst for discussion, and inform a process for change. _______________________________________________________ © United Parish of Auburndale 2015 i Contents Page The Story of the UPA In the Beginning… 1 A Meeting House of Their Own 3 Building Expansion 1878-1892 16 From Meetinghouse to Church Home to Sanctuary 23 1907 Renovations 25 Centennial Celebration 36 Later Additions 40 A Vision Fulfilled 43 The Church’s Presence 47 National Recognition 50 The Visions of Centenary 53 Functions of Liturgical Space 59 Envisioning and Planning for the Future 61 Sacred Spaces 62 Evolution and Change 63 Communion 64 Baptism 65 Ecumenism and Church Unity 66 Influence of Vatican II 67 Common Lectionary 67 Scriptures 67 Dress 68 Fonts and Texts 69 Passing of the Peace 69 Floral Arrangements 70 Gender Equality 71 Open and Affirming 71 Mission and Outreach 72 Memorials 72 Visual Arts 73 Performing Arts 74 Music 74 Hymnals 77 Lighting 78 Acoustics and Sound 79 ii Page Movement 79 Accessibility 79 Stewardship of Resources 80 Other Furnishings 80 Parish Hall 81 Youth 81 Visions and Trends 83 Secular Changes 85 Three Visions from the Past 86 Resources for the Planning 87 Nomenclature 90 Bibliography 93 Picture Credits 95 Appendix A. The Centenary Windows 96 B. Antependium 1984 100 C. Savoy Declaration of Faith 105 D. Plan of the Town of Newton in 1700 106 E. 1880 Map of the City of Newton 107 F. 1907 Atlas of Auburndale 108 G. Observational Protocol 109 H. Now A Word From Our Sponsors 112 Notes 114 iii In the Beginning… In 1800, there were seven houses in the Auburndale area of Newton with farmland, rolling wooded hills, and marsh. The Boston and Worcester Railroad introduced passenger service to Newton in 1834, and by 1837 extended its line through Auburn Dale (as it was originally known). Real estate speculators and developers soon followed. By 1849, streets and building lots had been well laid out and fenced with low stone walls, and a number of homes constructed. On June 13, 1849, residents interested in the promotion of schools and of public worship in Auburndale met at the home of Abijah S. Johnson to discuss erecting a building suitable for such purposes. By July, pledges had been made and the Educational Association of Auburn Dale formed. A lot on the westerly side of Lexington Street between Auburn Street and Commonwealth Avenue was purchased and by January 1850, a plain brown two-story building built with two classrooms on the first floor and a meeting hall on the second. Educational Association of Auburn Dale Building Generic meetinghouse plan i Drawn from memory by Charles H. Johnson Drawn by Mark Carlier Following the early New England Congregationalist tradition, recognizing no distinction between the religious and secular life, a place of worship was intended to house town meetings and school classes as well as worship services. Puritans regarded the Bible as the word of God and the one true source of religious knowledge, so a pulpit and reading desk was the focal point of the room. On September 12, 1850, fifteen residents of the village gathered “to consider the expediency of establishing and maintaining public worship on the Sabbath” in Auburn Dale. To this point, families travelled by foot along the railroad track in all types of weather two or three times each Sunday to the Second Church in West Newton.ii The first religious service in Auburndale was held on October 6, 1850, in the upper meeting hall rented from the Educational Association. 1 The hall had whitewashed walls and ceiling, bare floor, and window curtains shading the light from the clear glass windows. It was furnished with office chairs with rounding backs and arms and wooden seats. These were later replace by settees, also hard and plain, placed one end to the wall, leaving an aisle between leading up to a little platform on which was a desk of stained pine and two cane-seat chairs with low backs and arms. Four settees in each corner faced the platform and served as wing pews. Latter a carpet was purchased and the luxury of green cushions added to the settees. A small reed organ standing in the back of the hall was played by Josiah Lasell, leader of the mixed choir and brother of the founder of the local Lasell Seminary. The hall was later used by the Episcopalians, and, beginning in 1861, by the growing number of Methodists in Auburndale. The Congregational Society of Auburndale was organized on October 17, 1850, with Charles C. Burr as clerk. The first part of the constitution of the society provided: We, the undersigned citizens of Auburn Dale, holding in high esteem, in common with our Pilgrim fathers, the institutions of the gospel and deeming the public worship of God in connection with the proper observance of the Sabbath of vital importance to the highest interests of the community, and moreover wishing to secure the permanent enjoyment of the same; therefore be it resolved, that we constitute ourselves a religious Society to be called the Congregational Society of Auburn Dale. On November 14th an ecclesiastical council of churches met and organized and welcomed The Evangelical Congregational Church of Auburndale with thirty-four members into its communion. The records show a small beginning. The appropriations for the first year were: for supply of pulpit, $300; expense of society, $160; music, $20; total $480. At a meeting of the Society, a motion was made and lost: “That the committee on music be instructed to procure a musical instrument to be place in the hall, either by purchase of $100 or on hire at $6 per quarter as they deem best.” Members were content, however, with the original small reed organ in the back of the hall. The congregation sang, too, and has from that time to the present been a singing congregation. The early members would have been familiar with the worship space in a building devoted to both secular and religious use with architecture of the characteristic eighteenth century New England Puritan meetinghouse – referred to as “Protestant plain style.” Windows were of clear glass. Simplicity and austerity reflected fear of spiritual pride, a belief in the priesthood of all believers, the rejection of the sacramental nature of religious rituals and de-emphasis of the altar. 2 A Meetinghouse of Their Own The story of the current United Parish of Auburndale building begins in June 1853 with the purchase of the Bartlett lot for $1,000 in the center of the uplands of Auburn Dale located at the corner of one of the major range-ways (Woodland Road) and Hancock Street (first known as Forest Street). A hill (later removed by developers) on the other side of Hancock Street screened the land from the noise and smoke from the railroad. A total of $10,850 was subscribed by purchase of 217 shares at $50 each for the purchase of the land and construction of a meetinghouse.iii By 1855, there were seventy-five families in Auburndale with thirty dwellings near the church site. The choice of location for early American meetinghouses defined mission and had political ramifications. Convenience was a factor, especially when church attendance was mandatory, and location near the center of town on the common green was the norm. However, church historians and architects note that by the mid-nineteenth century, “as congregations adopted the rhetoric of worship as the primary purposes of services [as opposed to the evangelism of the earlier revival period], denominational literature produced by church extension boards advised that new churches should be located not on busy urban streets but on less prominent sites .... not far away from the homes of the people, but amid the cheerful and hallowed associations of the dearest earthly joys, and yet away from the noise and bustle and confusion of the busiest streets and trade.”iv By the end of the eighteenth century, a new architectural sophistication coming from England had reoriented church buildings so the pulpit was at the end of a short side, opposite an entrance with tower or steeple and a portico. By the mid-1800s, churches were being designed and built with Gothic and Romanesque features and ornamentation. In the late 1830s, Richard Upjohn introduced the Gothic Revival style to American church architecture in the historic Trinity Church in New York as the style of the Episcopal church. Upjohn designed many notable churches and in 1857 became a co-founder and first president of the American Institute of Architects In 1844, Upjohn accepted two commissions for Congregational churches: the Church of the Pilgrims in Brooklyn, New York, and Bowdoin College Chapel in which he introduced the Romanesque style into American Church architecture.v As architectural historian William H.