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Complete Larval Development of the Red Frog Crab Ranina Ranina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Raninidae) Reared in the Laboratory*1, 2

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Complete Larval Development of the Red Frog Crab Ranina Ranina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Raninidae) Reared in the Laboratory*1, 2 Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi56(4), 577-589(1990) Complete Larval Development of the Red Frog Crab Ranina ranina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Raninidae) Reared in the Laboratory*1, 2 MegumiMinagawa*3 (ReceivedJune 27, 1989) The complete larval development of the red frog crab Ranina ranina under laboratory condi- tions is described and illustrated. Zoeal characters of this species are compared with previously reported ones, and morphological differences of megalopas in the family Raninidae are discussed. This species is proved to have 7 or 8 zoeal instars and one meaglopal instar. Morphological differences among individuals in the same instar were observed from instar VI, in which two dif- ferent features were observed on mandibular palp and the endopod of 3rd maxillipeds. Of the 7th instar zoeas about 19% showed that several body parts, such as antennular peduncle, 2nd maxil- liped and pleopods, were morphologically advanced, like the 8th instar zoeas. It is so-called ac- celerated development, because they seem to metamorphose directly to megalopas by omitting instar VIII. The red frog crab Ranina ranina is found on females with eyed eggs were caught from off sandy bottom of the vast Indo-West Pacific region. Hachijo Island with traps and put in 500-liter In Japan, it is one of the large and edible crabs tank with filtered sea water. Rearing methods found around southern Honshu. In spite of and foods for larvae were already described.5) commercial importance, information on their The water temperature was 26.1-29.9•Ž and the early life history are so limited and the complete specific gravity was 1.023-1.026. The molted larval development is not known. zoeas, which were easily distinguished from others In addition to the newly hatched zoea1,2) and by body size and body color, were moved to new the last stage one3), Sakai4) presented the de- containers. tailed morphological description of the 1st to the 8th zoeas reared in the laboratory. However, Observation of Morphology there is not any morphological data about the Within a few days after molting, 5-10 larvae of megalopas and the juveniles so far. I succeeded each instar and 2 specimens for juvenile crabs in rearing newly hatched zoeas up to the juveniles were fixed with 5 % formalin and later preserved in the laboratory. In this paper the morphology in 70% ethanol. After measuring several body of the megalopa and the juvenile of Ranina ranina parts, larvae were dyed in Crorazol Black E are first described, as well as that of the zoeal solution6) for 12 to 24 hours for observation of stages, giving the special attention to the ac- morphology. celerated development. To make the description short and simple, special expressions were adopted as shown in Materials and Methods Table 1. Several abbreviations are also used; VIIA is the 7th instar zoeas with ordinary number Rearing the Larvae of segmentations of appendages, which molted to Larvae were reared from July to September, the 8th instar zoeas, while VIIB is those with 1985 to 1987 at Hachijo Branch, the Tokyo advanced morphology of segmentations. M7 Metropolitan Fisheries Experiment Station, means the megalopas molted directly from the Tokyo but those reared in 1986 were mainly used VIIB zoeas, which were distinguished from the for observation of morphology. Ovigerous ,megalopas (M8) from the 8th instar zoeas, CL *1 Partly presented at the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, Tokyo, 1987. *2 Studies on the rearing of larvae of the red frog crab , Ranina ranina-III. *3 Hachijo Branch , Tokyo Metropolitan Fisheries Experiment Station, Hachijojima, Tokyo 100-15, Japan (皆川 恵:東 京 都 水 産 試 験 場 八 丈 分 場). Table 1. Special expressions adopted on the number of setae of several appendages of R. ranina larvae and CW are carapace length and carapace width, 2 setae at distal end. respectively. The size of each instar zoea is Antennal exopod with 6 setae; 1 spine on distal shown with a mean CL with range in parentheses, margin of proximal segment. Endopod bud and and in megalopas and juvenile crabs mean CW with 1 long seta. with range is added. Mandible without pale. Maxillule with 7:6:5; palp 2-segmented. Results Maxilla with 3:3:5:4/5/6; paip without segmentation. Newly hatched zoeas showed apparent pho- First maxilliped with 1/9/3:2:1:2:5; endopod totaxis, always swimming actively in reverse 5-segmented; exopod with 0:4. condition, directing the rostrum downward. Second maxilliped with 0/4/3:1:1; endopod Zoeas sometimes bit one another on the dorsal 3-segmented; exopod with 0:4. carapace spine from instar III. Third maxilliped, pereopods, pleopods and There were two dark orange stripes, one on uropod absent. the rostrum and the other on the dorsal carapace Telson not demarcated, with 6:0. spine in instar I and these stripes were divided into two lines in the later instars. In megalopas Second instar zoea (Fig. 2) orange pigments were present on eye stalks, the Age 4 to 10 days. CL 1.39 (1.29-1.46) mm. edge of carapace, the back of abdomen and Eye stalked. pereopods. Megalopas and juvenile crabs showed Antennule with 4 aesthetascs. a similar habit to the adults to conceal themselves Antennal exopod with 13 to 16 setae; endopod into bottom sand. still bud. Maxillule with 10:8-9:5. First instar zoea (Fig. 1) Maxilla with 4:3-4:5-6:5-6/6/14-15. Age hatching to 5 days. CL 1.04 (0.98-1.12) First maxilliped with 1/10/7:3:2:2:3; exopod mm. with 0:10-11. Carapace with spinules on entire margin. Second maxilliped not changed but exopod Rostrum and dorsal carapace spine long with with 0:11-14. spinules. Lateral carapace spines large with Bud of 3rd maxilliped and 1st to 5th pereopods spinules on outer margin. Eye sessile. present near 2nd maxilliped. Antennular rod simple with 3 aesthetascs and Pleopods and uropod absent. Fig. 1. First instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. A: animal in lateral view, B: antennule, C: antenna, D: mandible, E: maxillule, F: max- illa, G: 1st maxilliped, H: 2nd maxilliped, I: telson. Fig. 2. Second instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. All explanations are the same as shown in Fig. 1. Telson with 10: 6. exopod with 1:15-16. Exopod of 2nd maxilliped with 1:15-18. Third instar zoea (Fig. 3) Third maxilliped still bud; 1st pereopod larger Age 8-17 days. CL 1.86 (1.68-2.00) mm. but not bilobed. Antennule with 2 tiers of aesthetascs; distal Pleopods absent. and proximal tiers with 5-6 and 2 aesthetascs, Uropod with 5-8 marginal setae. respectively. Telson demarcated, with 14-16:7-10. Antennal exopod with 21-26 setae; endopod elongated. Fourth instar zoea (Fig. 4) Maxillule with 16:9-10:6. Age 12-21 days. CL 2.40 (2.22-2.60) mm. Maxilla with 5:4:6-7:7-8/6/22-26. Antennule with 3 tiers; distal 2 tiers with 4 First maxilliped with 2/15/10:6:4:2:3; or 5 aesthetascs and proximal tier with 2 aes- Fig. 3. Third instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. A: animal in lateral view, B: antennule, C: antenna, D: mandible, E: maxillule, F: maxil- la, G: 1st maxilliped, H: 2nd maxilliped, I: telson and uropod. Fig. 4. Fourth instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. All explanations are the same as shown in Fig. 3. thetascs. First maxilliped with 2-3/16-19/11-13:7-9: Antennal exopod with 30-33 setae; endopod 6-7: 2: 4; exopod with 3:17-19. one-third of exopod in length but still not sub- Exopod of 2nd maxilliped with 3:21-23. divided. Third maxilliped elongated but not subdivided. Maxillule with 17-19:12-13:7. Pereopods elongated. Maxilla with 7:4:8-9:9-11/7/35-38. Pleopod bud present on 2nd to 5th abdominal Fig. 5. Fifth instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. A: animal in lateral view , B: antennule, C: antenna, D: mandible, E: maxillule, F: max- illa, G: 1st maxilliped, H: 2nd maxilliped, I: 3rd maxilliped and 1st to 5th pereopods , J : telson and uropod. Fig. 6. Sixth instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. A: animal in lateral view, B: antennule, C: antenna, D: mandible, E: maxillule, F: max- illa, G: 1st maxilliped, H: 2nd maxilliped, I: 3rd maxilliped, J: 1st to 5th pereopods, K: 1st pleopod, L: telson and uropod. Arrows show another distinct segmentation in some individuals. somites. Antennule with 4 tiers of aesthetascs; each tier Uropod with 12-16 setae . with 5-7, 4-6, 4-7 and 3 aesthetascs, respectively Telson with 16-25:10-12. from distal end. Inner ramus present as bud. Antennal exopod with 36-40 setae; endopod Fifth instar zoea (Fig. 5) still without segmentation. Age 16-26 days , CL 3.04 (2.83-3.25) mm. Mandibular palp present as bud. Fig. 7. Seventh instar zoea of the red frog crab Ranina ranina. A: animal in lateral view, B: antennule, C: antenna, D: mandible, E: maxillule, F: max- illa, G: 1st maxilliped, H: 2nd maxilliped, I: 3rd maxilliped, J: 1st pereopod, K: 1st pleopod, L: telson and uropod. Arrows show another distinct segmentation in some individuals. Maxillule with 23-28/17-20/6-8. 2-3/4-5/3:1:1-2:1, but in some individuals Maxilla with 10-13:5-6:9-11:12-15/7-10/ distal segmentation indistinct.
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