Proc Antiqc So Scot, 110, 1978-80, 404-31

Introduction to the Rothes Papers WRowntreG e Bodie*

In 1966 the Rothes Papers were discovered in the roof space of an old farm building. The building was one of several situated near the stables of Leslie House, once the home of the Earl f Rothesso . Leslie House lies withi designatee nth toww f Glenrothesne no d e th are f o a , fare th m Fifed buildinproperte an , th s f Glenrothegwa yo s Development Corporatioe th t a n tim Papere eth s were discovered loan o Kirkcaldo nt w . no The e yar District Museume Th . Papers I have seen cover dates from 1580 to 1830. Among them are bills, farm tacks, business letters accountd an , s relatin coao salgd t an tl workings 17th-centure On . y scroll measuret f s6 in length. Many have to do with the factoring of the estates of Leslie House, its policies and lands. The Earl Rothef so descendante sar Hungariaa f so n noble, Bartolf camo Scotlano wh e,t d in 1067, was granted the lands of Leslie in , and took the name of Leslie. The title stems from the lands of the Leslies at Rothes in what was the County of Elgin. The interest Lesliee oth f Fifn si e came Normar froSi ma n Leslie acquirin lande g th Fythkillf so , whice hth Barony of Leslie was then called, around 1282. The first Leslie to become was George, whose second wife was a daughter of Walter Halyburton of Dirleton. It was about 1457 creates whewa e dnh Earl. thire Th d Earkilles wa Floddeln do fourte th f no h Earln Fieldso , A .Norma n Leslies wa , on f thoseo e responsibl murdee th r f Cardinaefo o r l Beato n 1546ni . Another Norman Leslie conspired with others who slew Archbishop Sharp on Magus Moor in 1679. The earliest date I have seen, 1580, appears in items listed relating to land tenure. The seventh item reads 'Tacta wilielm murray Terram De pitcauhar apud Tillibardin 20 De mensis August! 1580' .158n I (fi . 0g1) Mary Quee prisoneScotf a n o s swa Englandinvolven s ri wa e dSh . with the fifth Earl who was a supporter of the Protestant party and a signatory of the Book of Disciplin 156n ei 1 which deeply offended Queen Mary. Afte murdee th r f Rizzio r 1566n oi o t , be revenged on the Lords who slew him, she gave appointments to the former Lords who had been in disfavour. Among them was Rothes. He was one of those who exposed the plot. When Darnle murderes ywa 1567n di , Andrew jur'voteo e th d y wh f d,an o Eare f Rotheo on l s wa s acquitte saie dth d Jame ssaie Ear parth d d Bothwelf f slaughteo lo an t t Kine ' . ar th . f gf . lo o r (Davison 1965, 293). The sixth Earl became a Covenanter. Along with the he was the chief instrumen gettinn i t g agreemen signine Nationae th th o t f go l Covenan Greyfriarn i t s Church. He died in 1641. The seventh Earl supported Charles II. He and Lord Balcarres each commanded cavalry regiments raised in , and fought at Worcester. Both Rothes and Balcarres were taken prisone lodge d Towee an rth f n Londondi o r . Rothe lates wa sr move Newcastlo dt e whers ehi Countess visited him. His lands were sequestrated in 1658 but later that year he was allowed

Barnto3 *1 n Park Gardens, Edinburgh BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES PAPERS 405

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FI G1 Documen lann o t d tenure dated 1628 returo t Leslio nt permissioy eb f Generano l Monk. Popular wit appointes h Charlewa e h , dsII Genera Forcee th f Scotlano ln s i 168n i 0d 1666n di createan , d Duk Rothesf eo wifs Hi .e Anne,, daughter of the , had strong sympathy with the Covenanters. He would say 'My hawk betted t tonights ha ou wil e u rLadyy b ltak yo m , o es , car youf eo r blackbirds'. (Watt 1913, e Duk195)Th e. die t Holyrooda receivee 1681n di H . elaboratn da costld ean y funeral 406 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 a whicfinancia s hwa l burdee familth r mann fo yno y years. Four engravings showing 'The Funera Johnf o l , Duk Rothesf eo exhibitee ar 'Scottis e th n di h National Portrait Gallerye Th . ceremon s continueywa n Fifdi e fine aw sd fro e Kirkcaldmth y Burgh Records dated 22nd Augl681: Thair bein glettea rEri e direcf Hadingtoth e o a fr t n inveiting buriele e theth th mf o t o l Diu f Rothesko father-in-laws hi , considerind an , greae mangd th an t y obligations that lies upon them mair nor uther burghes in this shyre, and that laitlie his Grace had purchased fra the King's Majestic ane gift to them of several impositions for building thair harbour; thairfore they appoin inhabitantl tal saie th d o burielt horst o sg ge quh o eln t upoaca n thair own expense d thaan ,t thair shal thirtie b l e murning cloaks provydet upo e toun'nth s expense heirbd an , y appoynt Edinburgho t Thesauree m sth sa ' . e . senth o . ,rt r dfo The Dukedom became extinct when Margaret the eldest daughter succeeded to the Earldom. Margaret's sister Christian marrie thire dth d Marques f Montrosso e whil marriee esh fifte dth h . Her son John became the ninth Earl of Rothes when she died in 1700, while her second son Thomas became the sixth Earl of Haddington. The ninth Earl fought on the government side at Sheriffmuir. He married Jean, the daughter of the second Marquess of Tweeddale, in 1697. When he died in 1722 their son John became the tenth Earl, and it was during his lifetime that Leslie House, except for the W front, was destroye firss fir y hi d1763n b ti ef wifo .n eUpo so Hanna deats a nhi s o 176n hi wa h wh t 7i succeeded to the title. Jane Elizabeth Leslie the sister of the eleventh Earl became Countess of Rothes in 1773. Her uncle, the Hon Andrew Leslie, whose schooldays at Haddington are men- tioned in the Papers, disputed her right of succession. The Papers were kept by a steward or factor described as servitor to the Earl in one bill of 1705. They provide a wealth of information regarding payments in kind, in pounds Scots, or sterling, over several centuries. Among names which appear in the Papers are those of Lady Elizabeth Kelly, Lady Haddington, Lady Balfou f Burleigho r , Lady Montrose, Lady Wemyss, Lord Yester, Lord Lindsa f Byresyo , Marques f Tweeddaleo s , Ear f Buteo l , Lor t ClairdS , Robert Mylne, George Dundas and .

WHEN THE COUNTESS WENT TO EDINBURGH One bundle of papers was tagged 'Depurfed be me when yr Layp went to Edr the 17 Septr, r Layy d pabood an Comintime La , th r d eyr y Deef d of gan r y hor1696' da Leslio nt 4 t e I . eth covers the stay of the Countess in Edinburgh where it would seem she was preparing for the marriage of her second son, the sixth Earl of Haddington, to Lady Hopetoun. She left Leslie Hous coaca n ei h horsesf whico draw o mounte s tw e y hwa non b ,a y db postillion. Accompanying the coach were five hired horses carrying retainers, servants and baggage to the ferry-boat at Kinghorn. Her steward in his day-to-day record of expenses and wages reveals the activities of her guests and servants. It also contains information about various modes of travel. When the crossing of the Forth from Kinghorn to Leith was made, 9 shillings Scots was given 'to the Skipe Drinkmunie'n i r r entouraghe s a d e an ,passe o 'ydt r Ladys Lodginge', custom0 1 f o s shilling Nethee paiPorte th w b t sda o t Scot.Bo r d sha There are frequent references to money being given to the poor. At this time there was an agricultural depression causing famine in Scotland which increased the number of beggars in the capital and countryside. On Sunday, 20 September the Countess was given by her steward BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES7 PAPER40 | S '4 ffive Shiling pefespassee poore sh givth o s t ' do A e.t dow Canongate nth 'Abaye th e o et sh ' distribute shilling2 d1 s Scots lated an , r wheTolbute wene th nsh o t t h Kirk shilling4 1 ' s Scots. When someone require a dseda nchairmeo chaitw s it r n were pai shilling4 1 d s Scots. Although sedan chairs had been in use in London since 1634 it was not till 1687 that Alexander Hay, a carpenter in Edinburgh, built six chairs and was granted permission by the Town Council to operate them exclusively for 11 years. It would be his chairs which were in use in 1696, although it is likely he would have had more chairs in use by then. He was granted permission operato t conditionn eo tha increasee h t numbee dth chairf o r demana therf si s ewa themr dfo . A grisly item for 4 October, 'to the Jelers men in drinkmunie £3 Scots', may have concerned the welfare of the father-in-law of Lady Montrose, Sir William Bruce, the architect. In 1696 he was 'confined in the strictest possible manner in '. He had in 1693 'been imprisoned for not appearing before the Privy Council and for his meaningful absence from Parliament' (Fenwic kt favou 1970 no Stewartregim e e loyas d th th r di ,wa o f 73)t ld e o e san H . William and Mary. On more than one occasion the 'Minotts of Parliament' were bought for the Countess's sister, 'My Lady Marques off Montrofshavy ema wisheo wh ' studo dt y the pasmr o s Williamr Si theo t n m.o During her stay in Edinburgh the Countess visited Ormiston where she was probably the guest of the Cockburns. This family's 16th-17th century mansion of Ormiston Hall is still inhabited. John Cockburn (1685-1758 becamo )wh pioneeea f Scottiso r h agricultura t bu s ewa e tim th f thi o et sa visitd la . Apart from being near neighbour familiee th s s probably shared agricultural interests. Thomas e Countess'th , saie sb hav o dt sonn eca , introduced arboricultur o Scottist e h landowners by his example. His bride-to-be, Helen, daughter of John Hope of Hopetoun, is named in a curious item of expenditure 'Candels when my Lady Hopetoun was not in toune'. Why were candles required when she was not in town ? Several items of expenditure suggest preparations for the approaching wedding. A printer was doing work for the Countess. 'Gillt peeper' was bought. Money was given 'to Bay a Jackets and Strings to ye Koke' and 40 shillings Scots to the coachman and footman to buy shoes. pai A f shoe o ralss oswa bough r 'yefo t Layd's peage' Andred an , w Messo pais r '1ndwa 4fo Informations' at 4 pence per piece. For 6 shillings Scots John Lindsy had a pair of stockings dyed blu 'yr efo Layd'. Ther mucs ewa h sendin receivind gan letterf go s carriefootmee th y db n respective ofth e senders. OOctobe1 n2 r Robert Lindsy steware th , r 'Chamberlanedo calles latea wa n di e r h s a ' receipt of 1709, began what seemed to be a mission connected with the wedding. He set out on a hired horse by the road from Edinburgh which crossed the River Almond at old Cramond Bridge, and made his way to Queensferry, where he left his horse. Crossing the River Forth by ferry he hired another horse to take him to 'Henderkithing'. He paid for stabling overnight nexe th t n nigho ther d t Aberdoura tean hirs it er ove Fo .milew 0 r2 no paie sScotsh y 2 d£ bo A . accompanie perhapm d hi guide Octobea 6 safetr s 2 a sfo y r B .yo arrivee rh t Anstrutheda r where stayee h nightso dhorstw e Th . e required shoeinostlen a pais d dwa r g an 'ffo Shua r himo et ' 5 shillings Scots r Lindshiro t M .e d someonyha guido et fro m mehi 'Drumelrie 'Seyrus'o t ' . His business in Fife had taken eight days. The erratic timing between stages was probably because coveo t d hre ha mor e ground tha distance nth e from poin poino t t t indicate overnighs hi y db t stabling. His diversion from the coast route by Drumeldrie (Newburn) to Cyrus (Ceres) had been to the Hopes of Craighall Castle, relatives of Helen Hope. more Onth f eeo costly items durin whole gth e perioCountess'e th f do s sta Edinburgn yi h was when in November Mr Lindsy was ordered 'to Bay Lingngs at the Marieg with 036-00-00' 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 Scots. Was he arranging lodgings for the wedding guests? There was also payment for beds 'for my Lord Leslie, Lord Justices, Clerk Houiston and Mr Anstruther with your Servants'. It would seem that before and after the wedding some of the family and guests had to be catered for in separate lodgings. The 'Beedell in the Coalleag Kirk' was given 14 shillings Scots. This was probably the beadle of Trinity College Church. Decembe3 s wa t I r whe Countese nth s left Edinburgh arrived ha e t Leitda Sh . h witr hhe own coach and horses on 17 September, but there is no mention of the coach or horses on the return journey. The boat taking her over to Fife put in at Kinghorn after sundown. One wonders what type of boat was used, for 'a man held a Lantron to sho yr Layd from ye Boot to Kinghoren', boyd an s were hire holo dt d her. That boaprobabls wa t Countes e ashorn th yru d ean s carried lany dr d o througt surfe parte hth Th . y staye t Kinghorda n overnight hirex . si Nex dy horseda t s carried everyone hom Leslieo et . They passed through where mone gives ywa o nt Countese poor.e th th s A s passed alon beece glimth d han e avenue Leslio st e House treee th , s woul those db e mentione Daniey db l Defo feea w years later which were still flourishin 1968n gi . In the bill, shown below, for her Ladyship's lodging in Edinburgh, the cost for lodgings would seem to be 8 Scots shillings nightly. Accompt The Countefs of Rothes To Mr Daniell Robertsone My Lady entered to her Ludgings Thursdan o Septembe7 y1 r 1696 Thef nighto s r i Septemben s4 i 1 r Ther is of the whole month of octor 31 Ther is the whole month of Novemr 30 Sum whol e night5 ath 7 es at 8 S[hillings] nightly 360-00-00 3 Stone-15 pound butti t 3a r 6 ' 012-11-06 3 Sfon poun5 e d mor t 3ea 6 ' lib s 010-18-06 1 pound whyt Soalibp s 000-06-00 deiburfe entriy La Coale r ey d fo m t sa 002-05-00

Suma 386-01-00

MYLNE TH E FAMILY: KING'S MASTER MASONS was working at Leslie House under the architect Sir William Bruce. He died succeedes wa King'e 167n i d th 7an s da s Masonephews hi y nb , Robert Mylne lateo wh r, built Holyrood House unde Williar rSi m Bruce. Among the papers is a contract between Robert Mylne, and John, the seventh Earl, agreeing to continue the work which his uncle had undertaken at Leslie House, '. . . For the Building and reparednes of the house of Lesslie Walls and uthers belonging ther to And furenishing all sorts of Materialls therto undertakine be the sd John Mylne In maner mentned In the sd Con- entire Th . Thrie cos . o trac . t .' wor . s ' . te . t k Thousanwa d pound sterleine being Fyftie four thousand wore markth ks A progresses . scotpai.' e b , t Martinma ds. a o t s d £50wa d g s0an st Whitsun yearly unti finae lth l paymen Septembe1 n o t r 1679. Cliff *rf>iivf>'. ovJ

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FIG 2 Part of Robert Mylne's contract of 1677 for work on Leslie House 41 | 0PROCEEDING S OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 Unde contrace th r Earobligee s th t wa l loao dtransport d dan t fro newese mth t quarries the fines besd extractee tan t b stones o t stonmad e d d dan Th .e eha read transportinr yfo . . . g' both lonshord gan t wall stonestaked placa an o n' t . e . .convenientl y nea worke same rth Th .e applie transpore th o d t responsibl timbee f alsEarb s e o tgrea . smallo . d t lTh wa . ' ran . t .' . .e for having loads of 'sklet' (slate) and iron and other iron goods taken from the port of Leven twice monthly '. . . as any sort arivs shall be desired.' (fig 2).

THE LAW: ARREST AND IMPRISONMENT During October and November 1689 Margaret, Countess of Rothes, was residing in Edinburgh. Among her expenses was this rather grim item 'More given to the Executioner's mother - - - 00-14-00'. At this time the State and Church were at open enmity and faction and strife prevailed everywhere; even families were divide thein di r views Tolboote o Th .to s hwa large smalth r e fo influl f politicaxo l prisoner mand san y wer eBasse senth o ,t tDunnottar r o , transported to the plantations. The public executioner was a well-known figure at the Cross Grassmarked an t where beheadings, hangings crueltied an , manf so y kinds took place quoto T . e Nicoll's diary of that century 'thair wes daylie hanging, skurging, nailling of luggis, and binding of pepill to the Trone, and booring of tongues!' (Wilson 1891, 123). The Rothes family having been involve religioun di politicad san l intrigue through'the centurie experiencd sha gaolerf eo s executionersd an . Their involvement wit murdee hth Cardinaf ro l Beato Archbishod nan p Sharp s beeha n e firsreferreTh t . Marquesto d f Montroso s e whose grandson married Christiana , daughte Duke th Rothesf f eo o r hanges wa ,quartered dan t Edinburgda battle 1650n hth i s eA . of Killiecrankie took place in July 1689 it is possible that the payment 'to the Executioner's mother' was to procure a favour or a quick dispatch for some unfortunate friend or relative. In 1736 there had been '. . . great abuses made to the gates, etc in the parks in taking off ye Locks . . .' in the policies of Leslie House. Trespassing and poaching was also a problem. actioe Th n taken against thi containes si 'Coppia n di e ofadvertismene fth Kire th kn i doo t pu tr & Crof Leslif o s e abi ffishine nth g wti Lordy nm s park t readsI s . etc.' . : . : Thes OrdeEarle y eB th Rothef f eo ro Forbedine sAr Expreslg& y Dischargein fishinl gAl g with fly, nett or other ways in or upon any Place of the Walters off Leven or Lothry wtin the Saed Earles Parks Under the pains & penalties Contained in the Acts of his Lops Barren Court made there anent Conficatioe Th . ffishinf no g Rods wit Hooke hth Lines& s & to Stand in the Juggs for half ane hour, And in Case any Person or Persons Shall be found goin oven gi saie th rd Earl Pars ehi k dyke r Ditcheso r grounso r Dykedo s either Soute th Nortr n ho o h Sid Levenf eo Lordy m , f shaletcd so seee y :An lb doin o ns An y gb Servants, tho' they make their escape from them at the time, yett if the Servant know them & shall upon his word of Honesty Declare that they saw them soe doing it is hereby Declared Suficien brino t t g them unde Penaltiee r th Acte th sf Saise o mad th dy eEarlb e there anent. othee th Sele m b r& fAnhi fin e o halInformee t o th halt de th s i f f on o havfo t e s i erth applyd to the use of the Poor in the Parish, Therefore these are Dischargeing in all time comeing. All in and about the Town of Leslie are ... & off the gates, And all under ane pretence off coming to gather Sticks & from gathering Sinders or Sticks of ane kind wtin s Lophi "t leav Parkou t e w sgive r thaunded nfo an penaltye t th r s abov a stheid eAn r Standing in the Stocks for an hour & a paper on their head declareing their Crime. And same th e punishmen inflictee b o t suc n s o d i ts Shal ha foune b l d CuttinLordy m f sgof grafs in any place wtin the said Earles parks without leave given by the said Earle or any having his order for that effect. And lastly if any Sheep, horse or nolt Shall be found wtin BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES PAPERS [ 411 the said Parks, each horse so found Shall pay a merk Scots each nolt half a merk & each Sheep fourty pennies each time they are found to be given intirly to the Informer or appre- hender of these their severall kinds; and they are ordered to be pounded until payment saie th d f Earleo y ban se f i Servantmade d An . s Shall neglec Obeo t t y thes s Lop'ehi s orders and to give assistance if required then they shall encurr the penalties of the said Act & be punished of thir wages as the Said Earle Shall think fitt. These orders were made by Acts of a court held by the Earl like the court of a lord of a mano Englandn i r powee Th . r servante giveth o nt appreheno st offenden da dangeroua s wa r s one, as they did not have to produce the offender and only had to testify against him to obtain one half of the fine imposed. The system was open to great abuse, and a servant with a grudge against someone might well testify against him. The merk Scots was worth approximately 13s 4d Scottish money, or about Is Id English. Forty pennies were one quarter of a merk or about 3£d English money. The jougs and stocks were probably located by Leslie Green near the Market Cros Kirkd san . The following petition by William Hastie made at Falkland Tolbooth in 1739 shows the Earl's power to make demands on those thirled to his service: Righe th o t T honorable John Earl Rothef eo humble sth e petitio youf no r Lordships prisoner William Hastie showeth that whereas your Lordships facto ffalklann i r d tollbooth proposed hard whice term thas m o hI tshoulswa t mind d an youbino et e dm r Lordships whereas t capablminno s ei servo et e your preposalle Lordshith f i d pan s thamads wa t e to James Cairns had been made to me I would have gone in with them & I ame content e sam th sigo t en no Condition neighbouy m s Liberats wa r hopeinn eo g your Lordship will Demand no harder task & your Lordships humble petitioner Shall every pray Falk' 29 December his 1739 William Hastie mark Although it has no date it is likely that the paper quoted below concerns the same William Hastie. It lists the 'hard terms' mentioned in the petition: William Hastie Are you content to sign on stamped paper that your satisfied to serve the E. of Rothes famils hi theis d ya an r bound Coalie thad t onlran no t y yourrsel t yoursbu f . Are you content to work his Crop Coal on the lands of Coallden just now going at 1/3 hacking mone eacf yo h loa eacd3 Grea1/ h d loaan t dseam e wor o smalt th l d skal an l of his Coalls at the said rate or as his Lordship shall think fitt and to do every other thing with respecworkine th e Coal offsetth o d t t f Dowy an everlo go d an tf Sinko yno t r o s other thing in his Coall work that is on use for Sink as you are to Due in and Concerning such Coallworks in all capacities. contenu yo e tako t Ar e what meal shalu lyo l wan your fo t r family fro Lordshis mhi p and pay him twenty shillings above the price for each boll of his own meall or Use Country meall of a merk of each boll above what he shall pay for North Country meall if he shall be Coallierss hi rese f th o t d .an servo t u obligey eyo bu o dt Are you content to allow a load of Coalls each week free to his Lordships use and he is to give you a free house over a year and to maintain and keep the same to you. 412 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 Such condition slaverf so mentionecenture e ar th y f d continueo yan d den e t leasdth a o t Lory b d Cockbur Memorialsn i Times oHi f (Gray 1946-62). Ther warrana s ei reques e Georgsheriffarresy s e th tb apprehensiohi th t d a f r tan o I e sfo I n of a Stephen Row. It is dated 27 August 1741, has the seal of George II embossed on it, and carries the King's signet. The following are extracts: . Stephe . wrigh. w nRo t Indwelle Edinburgn ri upos Twente hwa n th augusf yo firsy da tt Instant orderly denunced Rebel hore putvirtud th y nb o lan t letterf eo horninf so g raised ComplruseP executd e dan th t ea s instance agains .. m grafso .t hi t search feek takd ean . . . Given under our Signet Att Edinburgh The Twenty Seventh day of August In the fifteent hr Reig yeaou f nro 1741. Ex Deliberatione Daminorum Concilij. Scot n letterI w sLa f hornin so g were use methoa recovere s dth a r d fo f debt yo . Here ew hav warrane e forth e lette a th f m o n ri t fro Kine mth g orderin debtor'e gth s arresd t afteha e h r been 'putt to the horn', which meant he had been proclaimed rebel by the sounding of three blasts on a horn at the Mercat Cross of Edinburgh. The Stephen Row mentioned was an engineer connected with the coal mines owned by the Earl of Rothes. From letters he wrote it would see always m wa tha e sh t borrowing followine moneyth d an , gHays letteMr , o probablt r y wife of William Hay, the Earl's factor, is fairly typical: To Mrs Hay at Ballingal Mrs Hay r threo o havee I earnestl lentw e Shillingsm ef th t d o You'king o Le s ys be de a , b l I shal d lan Thankful Saterdan y o Collier y repau M Oblige yo m t ya t y i s Se I first r o dt fo , to Work tomorrow, and I Declare to You, I have not one Farthing to Give My Wife befor kiny littls dAn a f I goeoed o f Meaan , door e You'f wits pleafei o y i ts o n he i S . d b o dt Senbearer e thiny th dan y g b t Woul i ,Neadfulise th e db t peac f Serviceo n e Do Eves wa r afsury ma eu Youyo med r an ,sel f Shal thankfule b l y payd. I am Leslie July ye 12th Your mos Humble Sev' 1742 Stephen Row Many of the papers deal with coalmining on the estates of the Earl of Rothes. In 1752 during the time of the tenth Earl some miners mutinied at Cluny, one of the three collieries belonging to the Rothes family, the other two being at Cadham and Strathore. Soldiers were brought along to restore order. The ringleaders of the mutiny were apprehended and put in prison, thre t Kirkcaldea thred y an t Cupar ea prisonere Th . s were released after thesigned yha d documena t binding the terme magreo t th o set laid Earle dowth .y nb Account of Expenses Imprisoning Clunie Coliers. Drink mone parta o soldieryf t y o apprehende o swh d them - £1 - - 1 - officer'e Toth s Servt Stabling Mr Rollands Horse - - 3 To eac thref ho e Soldiers that Carrie Coalierd3 - 6 Cupao st - r prison 2/- - 3 - T Corporaoa l To each of 5 Soldiers that Carried 3 Coaliers to Kirkcaldy 1/6 76 To a Corporal - 2 - BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES PAPER | S41 3 eac o Sherriffmair2 T f ho beao t fees d ra sthei an s r charges from Clunie - 5 - Cupao t othee e th reKirkcaldith on o rt 6 e2/ Paid the Gaoler at Cupar for maintenance of Coaliers Sent to Cupar - 11 1 Consigned at Kirkcaldie for the prisoners mantainance - 10 6 £274 Acct. of Expenses at Imprisoning Clunie Coaliers. 16 June 1752 In a memorandum, dated that same month and year, the method of dealing with pickets in those days is covered by the following: 'That the Coulliers or their Wives who shall be Mutinous or Abusive to their Neighbours in interupting them at their work shall be imprisoned untill they acknowledge their fault' terme Th . s dictate Eare th Willia o t ly db m Hasti 173n ei 9 give some indicatio whaf nexpecteo s wa t 1752n di . The problems of law also affect the nobility. In 1759 we find the tenth Earl, John, appellant, and John Philip, Esq, Auditor of the Revenue in Scotland, respondent, in a case 'To be heard at the Bar of the on Monday the 2nd Day of April, 1759'. This case was printed on a large double sheet of four pages. It would require legal knowledge to give a satisfactory interpretation interestine t theron bu , s ei g statemen commencemene th t a t case th ef o wortt h quoting reflectt i r ,fo problesa Courte th mf 1759:'..o n si regulae .Th lega d ran l Cour Justicf to e having been greatly interrupte altere d Troublee dan th y db Kinf so g Charle First'e sth s time,...'. case Th e appear concero st n creditor Earl'e th f so fathe dieo 1722n di wh r . These creditord sha yearfo0 3 r s totally relinquished thei afte w ryear 0 debts4 no r d s weran , e attemptin gstrio t p famile th y estate alsd an ,o 'to mak universallm ehi yDebte liablAnceston th a r f seo fo r whom he never meant to represent'. The case continues to reveal circumstances arising, and actions taken, which are to the credit of the Earl. How did such powerful families have financial problems, apart from having their estates confiscate r politicadfo l reason unusuan A s? l caus f financiaeo l embarrassment to the heirs of the Duke of Rothes was said to be that of his elaborate funeral in 1681.

LETTERS Among the old documents are a speech and letters of early to mid 18th-century date. They are varied in character. A selection is presented chronologically. followine Th g closin e Earspeec Generah deliveree e th 9t t th lon a f e gs ho i th y ld Assemblb y Churce oth f f Scotlanho 1718n di : Rt Reverend and Right Hon Its With great Satisfaction I See this assembly Come to So Happy a Conclusion to the Disapointment of these Who Wished or Endeavoured to Excite animosities amongst us. Havu Yo e giv'n Renewed Proof f youso r Loyalti good ean d affectio Maties hi o t n, Particularly by Showing your Just Displeasure against one Even of your own Number Disafectios whhi y ob presene th no t t Happy Establishmen State Showd th f eHa o t n that he was not fitt to be trusted in the Church. Your Conduct in wch I shall not fail to Represent to his Matie. r greaou ts HappinesIt s thahavu yo te Nothin Disturgo t frou bmyo abroad, Lett me therefore Earnestly Entrea Maintaio t u tyo n Peac Unitd ean y among your Selves, that 2o 414 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 While as Ministers of the Gospel of Peace You Preach Mutual Love and Charity to your People You may Enforce Your Doctrine by your good Example. As this is your unquestionable Dutie I am Sure there is nothing Can Recommend You MatieMors hi o et s favou takeo wh rs great Pleasur Happinese th n ei Tranquilitd san y Subjectss ofhi . My Sincere Concer your nfo r goo Welfard dan mads eEnlargha e e m Subjeca n eo t which I am persuaded will alwayes be agreable to Every Minister of this Church Who Regards His Dutie and true Interest. havI Pleasure eth thino et k tha Endeavoury tm Servo s t hav u t beeeyo e no n unaccep- I Retur h mosy tablewc n m r t fo ,humbl e thanks Shald an , l Continu o Expresset y m e Gratitud Constana y eb t Readines Promoto st e your Interes Whicn i tConvince m a hI dI Shall hav approbatioe eth Royay M f ln o Maste r whom havI honoue eth Represento rt . Majesties hi n authoriti s e hi sy Do namb I d y ean Disolv e this present assembld yan You are hereby Dissolved, and in his Majesties Name I Doe appoint the meeting of the next assembly to be at this Same place May 14 in the year 1719. letteA r which would see mhavo t e been abandone writtes dwa Londonn i , probably by the tenth Earl whose father died in 1722, and is dated 20 April 1723. My Lord, informem Aa sI d tha Electioe tth Peea a f Succeno o n rt i e Eare b dButf th o o lt s ei little time, I being Incouraged by some of my Friends to Offer my Service for Supplying that The third Earl of Bute was but 10 years of age when he succeeded to the Earldom in 1723. After the resignation of Pitt in 1761 he became Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury under George III. differenA t typ f lette eo writtes 27te th wa r h n nNovembeo r 1728, from Londone th y b , tenth Earl. It was addressed to his factor at Leslie, William Hay, and carries the instructions of the gentleman farmer regarding his estate: William, Yours of the 18th this month came to hand today I did expect my last which I writt Since cam1 e Back here would have neeI comt s i d no han w o et no d doubI t i befors t a t tno ebu repea thiny an t gI Sai than di t whic Chiefls hwa answen yi formerlthesd o t r ha eI y from you and desiring you to Dispose of the bistuall the prices of which I am glad to find are Still riseing I hope you have gott a good merchant, and a good price, which as times goe ivera s y necessar provy y I wisthinma ed l hSufficienal gan Stoo t t p Gap t thisa s Term, Mr Garden went from this yesterday and probably will not be at Edin till ten days hence leavI m gooea hi o t d many things tha woultI d otherways mentio disposino t s na meaf go l and oats in the way they have formerly gone if it can possible be avoided it were well to doe so, because all the funds will be little enough to keep maters easie this I must leave youo t r discratio finu dyo s circumstancena f thingo s s occure I ,wis horsy hm e thas i t matcht had been turned to Grafs after his foal was grown up but I cannot derect in this only, advise Should be taken about him I shall take care and Send down the 10 bolls of Rye Grafs Seed as you desire you need not be afraid either of Gorthies bill or Johnfones or Bairds for these below I cannot at this distance yeald you any help a little time & patience mamuce ydo hI writ t prett Brotheyy fullm o yt rd Jame ad Shalo t S othee sy no lth da r much more till next post for to Say the truth I have not had time to look over your letters Sinc eI cam towo et nI hav e Rucsomy m t presennegleckea y n i y othean m w o n s i trTo BODIE: INTRODUCTIO ROTHEE TH O SNT 5 PAPER41 | S Corespondence mus forgivee tb ntrusI youo t r Car diligencd ean e which were never more nesccary then now and don't dispair of help in a little time I am your . . . friend Rothes Brother James mentioned in the letter, later known as James Leslie of Milndean, became an Advocate in 1726 and later a Sheriff Depute for Fife. He died in 1761. Like his brother the Earl, he was also having financial problems in 1728, and writes to Mr Hay:

Williar M y o T mHa Canongate William The letter from my Brother came to me late last night I am so dunned by my landlord that I would not incline to go out unless he was paid. I must go to my Lady She has sent soof a pos u na fyo ibl e ese froy mTherefore foma m rI g be eI yours Ja Leslie Edr 2d Decr 1728

There is a letter written to the tenth Earl by Dundas of Dundas dated May 1736. It concerns coal works. One section mentions '. . . The other thing Mr Adam wants is to have the Water Engine dippin a place Coae t r wili surth e fa s lb a ls dran o dega t o ful e wth l grout Watef ho t ra deepnese th Sinke th f ,so which would brineas e stano th t Highwa e tt gn i sidth d o f eo y betwixt the two Bridges on Ore and Lochty, upon the 's Ground, the coal dipping towards lettee theTh r . Eastcontinue.' . . ; suggeso st t negotiations wit Eare Levef hth o lLor d nan d Sinclai r excambiofo r f certaino n lanothed dan r business. Having conclude businese dth s part lettes ohi f r George Dundas continues with curren friendla n o te ynew on footin s sa g wits hhi correspondent, ... I am overjoyed to find Your Lop so well pleased with the prince's - Marriage, I long to see the beginning of the Happiness you mention, and hope in good time it will appear; soogla o Cokburnr m s a Scotlanddn M e i I b o t happeI s e i f :I havo nt e anythino d o gt t Londona wilI , l tak Liberte eth givo y t troubl e Meaee th You th p itf n eo i ; Lo rtim eI am with the Greatest Sincerity Dundas May 1736 My Lord Your Lop's most obedient and most obliged humble Servant Geo Dundas Spousy M e offer r Complimenthe s s to your Lop. and Tom; make mine acceptabl himo et ,havI e takee nth fredom of using his Cover. afraim a I dhavI e tyred You. The Mr Adam mentioned is the architect William Adam of Kirkcaldy. The Water Engine woul operatine db gpuma cleao pt r wate probabilitl r al r othefro o Sinksn e i me th rd on an ,s y i of the types described and illustrated later. The letter was written during the reign of George II Prince th d e an referre surels i o dt y Frederick, Princ f Waleseo . Whether 'the beginnine th f go Happiness' expresse dhopa e tha marriage th t ePrince mighmora th t n eo epu t friendly footing | PROCEEDING 6 41 THF SO E SOCIETY, 1978-80 wit fathers hhi , wit favouhf o beed who t manr ha n ou fo re m h y years r whetheo , t referreri o dt the possible birth of a son to the Prince, can only be speculation. In the following year, 1737, the Prince was banished from court, and his mother Queen Caroline refused to see him on her death-bed that year. From another part of his letter it would seem Dundas passed through what Coaltowe th w i Balgonisf no no huntina n eo g expeditio says,goine n i h r . gn.. fo ' througha place called Coaltow n- belongin Huntinge Leveo gt th o nt I notice, Sinkd dDrifOl a sf o t running from that Village Southward sheigh e towardth f Grounf o to eas e d sth ten Strathoren di , 3 Relatives wrote letter Frenc n si tente th ho ht Earl. They were military gentlemen. These letters bring to mind the days when the now ruined Balquhain Castle, in the Garioch of - stronghole shireth s Lesliese wa ,th f do . They were relate Couno dt t Patrick Lesli fifteente eth h Baron of Balquhain of the House of Fetternear near Kemnay in Aberdeenshire. The letters were written when the family was involved in litigation which decided in favour of 'Count Anthony Leslie, 19th Baron of Balquhain, who lived partly at Fetternear but mostly on the family estates in Germany. His claim was challenged by Peter Leslie Grant on the grounds that Count Anthony was a Papist and an alien' (Slade 1971). In 1762 Peter Leslie Grant's claim was upheld and he becam twentiete eth h Baron. As the Balquhain Charters, referred to by H Gordon Slade in his article on The House of Fetternear, cannot be traced, the letters may be of interest. The first letter is signed as from Baron Leslie at Strasbourg on 28 May 1740. It would see ApriEar0 e m 3 Rotheth f o ln l o subjec e 174writtesuccessiod e th m sth ha 0hi n f o o to n t o nt e Baronth f Balquhainyo . This particular letter containe da formul r renouncinfo a g Roman Catholicism.

Monsieur A mon retou Parise rd j'avoiu o , s pafse 1'hiver j'ai trouv lettra l votr e y eequ ic e Excellence m'a fait 1'honneu m'ecrire d r Moiu d e 0 lse3 pafs Succefsioa Sujeu l ea e d t Baronia l na e de Balquhane en Ecose; Je vous dirai, que je Suis tres peu verse dans les lois et Coutumes dPayse ec ayany , t apresen Suie j tServicmiu y e a strentpieda e l qu y t n' e , e ansj e ,qu du Roy de France, mais Comme j'ay quelques Parents, et amis au Pays, Je leur ay ecrit pou etoin r e cett Scavoie i td equ , Succefsionrce , j'auray 1'honneu voue rd s mander naturel- lement, et verite ce, qu' ils m' en ont marque, apres avoir Consulte les plus habiles Avocats, et Jurisconsultes du Pays, qui ayant examine Soignieufsement la Substitution faite par feu notre Grand Pere le Comte Patrice de Leslie, ont tous dit, qu' elle ne pouvait pas regarder la branch ' Allemagneed , parceque danErnesu mora ternfe e l s l Leslie e u e d td sd t , vous ' etien z plus Second fils, mais fils uniquComtu fe u ed Jacqu leslie onclen ed r emo Su : cela Mr Grant de Ballendaloch qui est le troisime nomme dans la Substitution, etant fils dSeconda el notru e fe fill ee ed Gran d touPerea i t ,qu jour profefs Religioa el n Catholique, juisqu' a 1'age de 50 Ans, qu il a actuellement, ayant, meme fait clever les enfans dans la meme Religion s'est fait Protestant pour pouvoir Succede bienne c a r e Comme heritier protestant, mais mes amis et ceux de notre nome au pays, ne voulant pas, que ce bien en Sorte apres y avoir etc tant de Suiles, ont voulu, que je me porte pour Heritier, ce que n'ay pu refuser de faire Sans prejudice de vos droits, Si Mr les Avocats et Jurisconsultes ne les ont pas bien compris. ainsi vous n' avez rein a faire que ce que vous avez deja fait en voyant votre procuration a Mr Grahame d'Airth pour poursuivre et soutenier vos droits: et quant moa vouye j s proteste verrae j e yqu , ave mema cl e Indifferenc decisioa el votrn ne e faveour eu en la mienne ou en la mienne pourvu que cela ne Sorte pas du nom, je Seray Content, BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES7 PAPER41 | S j'ay apresent cinquante trois ans t n,e Soimaries spa , ains n'ae ij femmei yn , ni enfantisa pourvoir, et j'ai grace a Dieu de quoy vivere tout doucement, au rest, je dois vou dire, que ce bien n'est pas Si Considerable que vous pourrez peutetre vous imaginer, car une bonne parti s biensede t meme , e le meuilleures terre ' ayann s s etcpa t compris dana l s Substitution faite par feu notre grande Pere, etoient a la disposition du feu Ernest de Leslie ausi bien lee s qu ,meuble s Vaifselle t Bijouse quee xl laifsa l e tou derniern t celSo aa e frere fil du Chevaler Gordon de Parik, qui avait epouse Sa Mere apres Sa mort de feu notre oncle, le Compte Georg i reste Lesliee qu ed vou e e n ,Sort c e sd ,e repporterequ deus apa x mille goulden d'allemagne de net, les droits du Roy, et autres charges payes, votre Excellence n' a qu' a juges elle meme, Si cela merite, qu' elle envoye un de Mr les fils pour S'etablir et reside Ecofsepourtant n re Causess es i de e qu , tun , Sans laquell biee ec n tomb Prochaiu ea n heritier de Substitution, Je y a encore une autre difficulte, qui est, qui n'etant pas ni dans le Pays i naturalisn , vivanu ed voyre d t e devancier actn Parlemenu u ed r pa , granda l e d t e Bretagne, vous ne pouvez pas Succeder a un bien en fonds, mais Comme je veux vous mander e toutien t j'ee ac n qu t ,t marqu Scace on ' e i m poue qu i Centrequ A r , a n e , iy l regardai 1'Ecofses pa t Religioa l , t aufs nes obstaclen u i , mai mn aufsso a ' i manden o u q , pouvoit trouve moyens de r s pour eluder cela t touen , t cas i vou,S s n' etes Heritiepa s r Granr M Ser e plus tn apa s avance pour avoir chang chosa l lunnei regardea ee l S e m r ca , , je Soutiendrai mon droit a la point de 1' ece au reste je ne crois pas, que vous voulufsiez accepter ce bienn en prenant ce, qu il appellent la formule, dont je vous envoy ey joint la traduition, n'etant pas afsure que vous ententiez 1'anglois. Voila Monsieur tout ce que je puis avoir 1'honneur de mander a votre Excellence touchant cette affaire, Si vous Supplie de m' honnorer de vos ordre, que je me feray un plaisir d'executer de mon mieux et de me permettre d'entretteni Correspondencee un r j'ae iqu , toujours Souhaite quella l a t ee , n'ae j s parveniypa r pluto voue J t s rend mille grace s offresde s obligeants voue e qu , sm faites, dont je prendrai la liberte de profiler Si vous daignez me Continuer 1'honneur des votre amiti t bienveillancee j'ote qu e,merit e Sincerea j l dire e r qu epa , t Respectuese , e attachement avec le quel j'auray toutte la vie 1'honneur d'etre Monsieur de votre Excellence 174y Strasbura Ma 0 . 28 e gl le tres humbl t treee s obeisant Cousi t Serviteune r le Baro Leslie nd e Permetez mo voue id s Supplie faire rd ePrincessa l aggre r M afsurences ra e le tre n smo e sd profond respect, quoique je n'ay pas 1'honneur de lui etre connu Copi formula l e ed e . declar . J e. e Sincerement devant Dieu Scrutateu coeurss renonsee j de re qu , , rejettet e , abhorr articles ele t Dogmese s Suivant 1'Eglise sd e Romain t Papalee eSavoia Suprea l r - maire du Pape Eveque de Rome, Sur tout les Pasteurs de 1' Eglise Catholique, Sa puisance et authorite Sur les Princes, Roys, et Etats, Sa pretendue infallibilite Sans ou avec un Conseil general pouvoin So , dispensee rd pardonnert re doctrina ,l transsubtantiatioa l e ed n et de la presence corporelle, la Communion Sans la couppe dans le Sacrement de la Cene 1'adoration e Sacrificl t e , e profefs t pratiquee e r 1' pa Eglifs e Papalle, dan a Mefsel s a l , Doctrine de Surrogation, Indulgences, et purgatoin Pinvocation des anges, et des Saints, le cult Imagess ede , Croi t Reliquexe Services le t e s s dan langue sun e inconnue croie j , s que tou articles ce s t dogmee s s Sont Contraire t Contradictionee s parola l a sDie e ed u 41 | 8PROCEEDING S OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 ecrites et j'y renonce du fond de mon coeur en la presence de Dieu, Sans aucun equivocation in restriction mentale, mais Selon le sens nature paroless de l m'onu q , t etc propose, ainse Dieu Soit a mon aide.

Another letter from Mainz date Jund8 e 174 fros 0 i sam e mth e subscribepersonw no e H . s himself 'The very humble & very obedient Servant and Cousin James Leslie'. He writes 'as I left the next day for Scotland I was not able to reply on the field'. Again he writes from Strasbourg on 25 July 1740, '. . . I beg you to be assured that I would be very annoyed to have an inch of groun Baronde t belon legitimatelwhicth e no r a m Balquhanf d fo e y o o gh t s di m a o t d s yi an t ei matter of indifference indeed whether it be adjudged to your Excellency or to me and that is what I have noted to my parents and friends in the Country (Holland) and if I allow myself consideree b o t heis da t wouli r d preveno onlt e s yi b t o fallini t wh gn int ma hande oa th f o s not a Leslie and who in order to be able to dispoil the legitimate heir has changed religion, . . .'. The law at that time gave the right of heir to Protestants rather than Catholics. The writer may have bee nwit r Austriae involveWare wa hth stare th f e Spaith f so th o t d nn dni an Succession. Finally there is a letter from Gratz in Styria. Dated 29 June 1741 it comes from a different person calling himself Charles, Captain, Count of Leslie, Baron of Balquhain. On it are notew fe Englishn i s a preparo t ,s probabl wa e scribe Earla guido th th s a o ,y wh et eyb the reply in French. At the base of the first page of the letter is written, 'Londres, a My lord de Rothez'.

Monsieur Quoyque je n'ay s 1'honneupa e e voud r s Connoitre personellement, j'ay celuy, Monsieur, de vous etre attache par les tiens de parentee, et par 1'inclination tres Sincereque je nourris de meriter votre estime et vos bontes vous priant tres humblement de vouloir accordes le bie e nm r dan Circonstanca sl e presente, afinqu puifse ej e obteni decisioe run n favorable parrapor proce vienn e j u ape r e ta spa z lqu faire avoque votrra e Parlement autant renomme que recommandable par la justice impartiale que Ton y exerce, touchant La reformation d'une Sentenc eta i e renduequ Ecofsn ee adversairn faveun ee mo e d r e contrre toute attente; Ceque vous aurez, Monsieur la Conte d' observer par I'information Sommaire dprene uj e failiberta sl qu t voue ed s adresser i vouS ; s daignez vous donne peina l r e ed 1'examiner, prendre quelqu interetses parme a tt recommande e , justicCausea a l r m e ed , j'ay lieu d'en esperer un heureux Succez Sachant que vous etes, monsieur, un des principaux memberes de Votre Parlement, que L'equite et la droiture Sont La base et le fondment de toutes vos operations, et que Ton a tous les egards pofsibles pour votre Sentiment Sur les causes que vous voulez bien proteger, C'est pourquoy je vous Suplie Monsieur, de ne pas me refuser votre afsistance et votre protection afinque je puisse obtenir une juste Satisfactioe demandn e j conformemene e qu equ n a L'equitet e feraJ . y Monsieur tres reconnoifsant de vos bontez, tres emprefse de vous en donner des marques dans Souhaite voi e Coeutoun e m d r e mo thonor rd Commandemens vo e ed j'executerae squ y avec autant de plaisi j'ae yqu r L'honneur d'etre ave attachmenn cu t tres parfai t respectueue t x Monfieur A Gratz en Stirie ce 29. Juin 1741 Votre tres humble ef tres obeifsant Serviteu t Parenre t Charles Capetan Comt Leslie ed e Baro Balquhaine nd . BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES PAPERS | 419 Draft repl lettero yt : J'ai recu en fon terns 1'obligeante Lettre que Vous m'avez fait 1'honneur de m'ecrire le 29 Juin 1741. J'etois trop touche des Marques de Confiance que Vous m'y donniez Monsieur t troe , p emprefs liee rm d'Amitiea e ave Parenn cu t d'un Ran t d'uge n Merite si distingue, pour que j'eufse tarde si longtems a Vous le temoigner si je navois eu lieu d'espere pourroie j e qu r s joindr plaisie c ea r celu Voue d i s felicite Causa l gaiu d re nd e que Vous faisiez porter devant la Chambre des Seigneurs. La Sentence que cet Illustre Tribunal vien rendre d t Votrn e e faveur i conforms , votra e e Attent 1'Equita t ee i equ regie Leur Jugemens, Vous confirmera, Monsieur, dans la juste Opinion que Vous en aviez cocnue, et me fournit une Occasion bien agreable de Vous afsurer que quoique la Droiture de Vos Juges rendit mes Soins a cet egard afsez Superflus, je me suis pourtant faiDevoin u t manifestee d r r mon Zele pou Satisfactioa l Interetss e vo r qu t j'aie e , qu n, d'un Si heureux Succes, ne la cede point a celle que Vous en refsentrez Vous meme, Vous ne fauriez Monsieur, en etre trop persuade. L'Esperance que j'ai de voir bientot Monsr. votre Fils en Ecofse, me fait gouter d'avance une partie du Plaisir que je me promets de Sa Connoifsance personnelle; je la regarderai comme une Acquisition d'autant plus estimable, qu'elle contribuera a entretenir celle que je viens d'avoir 1'honneur de contraiter avec Vous Monsr. quoiqu i loinS ferae e J ;ed i toujours attenti cultiva l a fr tou pa r s les Moien i Seron parteea squ m a t t Voue , fauriee sn donnee zm Marques rde s plus fensibles de Votre Amitie, qu'e fournifsane nm frequentee d t s Occasion Voue d s s convaincrs ede Sentimens de Respect et d'Attachement avec les quels j'ai 1'honneur d'etre. One who claimed descent from the Balquhain branch of the Leslie family was a James Leslie who bought Deanhaugh House, Stockbridge, Edinburgh, in 1777. The inhabitants of Stockbridge calle 'Countm dhi ' Deanhaugh diee H .d soon after acquirin propertye gs th hi d an , widow married the artist (Sir) Henry Raeburn about 1780 (Hill 1887, 18). O nSundaa y afternoo yeae th r n ni 175 0 James Leslie Milndeanf o , somd ha , e information Earl' e lettebrothea s th y hi b o s tentrt o e past o o factor t s rth n hso d Earldi , e JohH . n Angus, who was in Edinburgh at the time, It highlights problems of the day; limitations of travel on accoun tidese th scarcite f th ,o t f plumbers yo cara neee housr g th t d fo bi d fro o e t an , m th collect goods. John is asked to tell the Countess why her silver needles are not ready! Here is the letter: John Angus Acquaint Lord Rothes tha reasoe tth youf no r being kept her tha s etransactioni e tth s wer t Endeeno d till yesterday after tide time, CominTham a I t g over tomorrow orden i , r to go with his Lordship to Cupar on Thursday to the Quarter Sefsions. That Scott the plumber is not in town or any other plumber to be got, That Mr Robertson is not come Towo t t bought tha r Leslino nbu M tScrutores e eth tha . Tha wine th t e fro r ClermM k& White th e LeaComo t s di e over tomorro cara Shie d tw Th pan mus . witit Sene r b t hfo t Baggage th arrived s et liver'di no Ladt y M ,.bu y Rothes's commifsio Silvee th r rn fo Needle s are not ready. Do you tell the reason. I refer other things till meeting being in haste. Ja Leslie. Edinburgh Sunda afternooe yon n P.S. mind Ld Elcheis discharge & my horfes by John Dalrymple. 420 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 James Leslie, bein Advocaten ga , would hav professionaea l interes accompanyinn i t e gth Earl to the Quarter Sessions at Cupar. Lord Elchies lived at Carberry Tower, 1\ miles SE of Musselburgh, from 1747-52. A letter written in 1750 is about a horse for sale in Edinburgh: Ther Graa s ei y Gelding r RoberbelonginM e ton Bruntoo gt Standn& t Georgsa e Bruntons Stables in the head of the Cowgate, Mr Brunton asks 25 Guineas for him, Mr r LindsaLesliM d officen ean ya Lorn i r d Rothes's Regt have See Severam nhi l Folks have offered for the horse, & its believed the horse May be Sold cheaper, Mr Lindsay likes the horse, But Mr Brunton will not Send him over the water. So My Lord if he wants the horse may Send oveDobiem fullsizhorsrW e & year6 Th .d s thoughei & esOl t Sound. William Dobie mentione lette e probabls th wa rn di ystabla e han t Leslida e Housee th f I . horse was to go by the short crossing of the Forth at Queensferry, toll would have to be paid at Cramond Bridge under the new Turnpike Act. An earlier bill dated 10th August 1728 records horf'Ty ot Cramanm ea 0'- 6 . Thi- d0 poundn £ si Bridg - - - s e - Scot equas 2ipso wa t l .

THE FIFTEEN AND FORTY-FIVE AFFAIRS The Earl Rothef so longeo sn r supporte Stewarte dth s after Queen Anne's death. Hanoverian supporters, among them the ninth Earl of Rothes, Governor of Castle and Vice Admiral of Scotland, were preparin meeo g t Ear e f Mar'th t o l s threat. Account f Williao s m Russen i l 'Greenhea f Lesliedo ' suggest ther musterins ewa g taking summee placth n ei f 1715ro : item when the paroch was called out to green eight pints of call to ye men - - - - 00 : 16 : 00. Later that year on 12 September, eight days after the raised the standard for The Old Pretender at : Item anothe whey parocgreee da rn i nKinglassi th d t nan Leslif ou h o s ewa e paroch fiftie pints of call - - - - 05 : 00 : 00. The Battle of SherifTmuir was fought on 13 November 1715. At this battle the Earl was in command of the Horse Volunteers and is said to have fought with great gallantry. His third Thoman so havy sma e fought along wit fathes h hi r amon fo rJunr accounte fo 6 g th 1 e e on s si 171 5- 'fo Swora r d 4-4-0'- blad - Scaberd - - ean Sli d ° smalpA .an t Th Scaber r l M o t t account for a saddle horse reveals that the Earl's family moved to Edinburgh as the storm of the gatherin s '15wa g momentum: An horfe to Kinghorn 15 Sept 1715 from Castle hill, when the family went to Ed. Ja Angus e followinTh g memorandum show care th se being take limio n t e activitie th t f thoso s e operatin FortJacobitd e th an n hgy i EstuarieseTa cause migho th e ewh us t: thoughs It t abfolutely necefsa King'e th r sfo rCountre peace Servicth th f d eo eyan That all the boates upon Tay betwixt perth and the Broad watter be Carried up to Perth boatee th l sal belod an w Carriee thab o t fomo dt e Pasternerings [sic] Inclosurr fo d ean that end that William Young of Kirkbervie and Robert Hay of naughton and Collin Campbell of Sanddiegreen be Impowered to Stop all Pafsengers that want pafses or Cannot BODIE: INTRODUCTIO THO NT E ROTHES 1 PAPER42 | S giv eSatisfieina g accoun f themselveo t thad san t they searc r Letterhfo s upo body nan y they Sufpect and that they seafe all horfes and arms of Such Perfsons as Cannot give ans & ma thoughe yb t Disturbin peafe mannegy th ean Wayf ro . As also that there be a guard placed at the Queens ferrie from Innerkeithen and Dunferm- line and y' all boats from Aberdourr Inclufure be brought to the ferrie and Drawen up till pafsage th thar d excepfula a l Pafangerfo ean al tfe l o tw t ftopee sb d till they give account Off them selves as above Likn I e manne t Burntislanra d Kinghorn Kirkaldi othee& r Coaft Touns Rothed L fen o Districty t e eaco formerls dth s t M i f melitie h o wa rolll th t i sAl f ss o y aa raifed ... in the fhire and the Deputie Leiuts are to proportion the men according to the said Rolls. The authority of the Earl as Vice Admiral is shown by his instructions to the chief citizens of Aberdeen: Acceptation The Provost and Magistrates of Aberdeen 1715 Wee John Earl Rothef eo s Lord Lesl Vicy& e Admira thaf o l t par f Greao t t Brittain formerly called Scotland and Isles thereof (those of Orkney and Shetland being excepted) By Commission from Lords Commissioners of the Admirality of Great Brittai of...y da n. . Date .. Bein e dth g assure Abilite th f do y fidelit Loyaltd yan y of Robert Stewart Present Provos burge th Aberdeef f ho o t n Gorge Fordyce John Danes James Morrison James Robertson Present Baillies ther Dea. Presen. . . e. Guil. f no d tdan Treasurer of the said burgh for themselfs and in the name of the Remanent Councill and community thereof an to their Puuefsors [sic] in the Law offices for themselfs and in name foirsaid and of their Skill in marittim affairs and fitness for Dischargeing the office of our deputies and ffactors within the haill bounds underwritten Doe by these presents nominate appoind an saie th td magistrate Saie th df so burg theid han r Successor saie th d n sofficei s for themselfs and in name of the remanent Councill and the community of the Said burgh Deputier Ou e ffactord b san o t s Durin pleasurr gou e allenerly withi followine nth g bounds viz fro Watee mth f Cowiwatee o r th f Eytheo o ret n with powe theo t r m alon Seto et t afaffirms i f e holcontinud dan e Admiral Courts withi saie parth y d f nan boundo t s most commodious for that effect administer and Doe Instlie in all matters and Causes Civill Criminald an l that shal intendee b l pursewed dan d before them Confor Lawe th f so mo t Scotland act mako st Creatd ean e officers Procurators l otheClerkal d r san member f o s Court needfull and to alter and change them as they shall think fit. ... instructione Th s continu r abouefo t anothe words0 75 r . Som f theeo m wito havd ho et the salvaging of wrecks. The signatures appended to the document are those of Robert Stewart Bailliese th d an . Despite their signature situatioe sth Aberdeen ni n changed Governmente Th . , doubting the city's loyalty, ordered its armour and ammunition to be procured. Perhaps this affected the citizens' sympathies for on 20 September 1715 King James III and VIII was pro- claimed Georgey ,b , tenth Earl Marshall Markee th t ,a t Cross t Sheriffmui.A r several well known citizens fought for the Jacobite cause. Along wityearle th hlis a f yo t valu cropf eo s from Caskyberria Marquie th n o Fart e smdu f Tweeddaleo , father-in-la followine Earle th th s i ,o w t g which suggest Hanoveriae sth n forces were being reorganise reaccoutredd dan : | PROCEEDING 2 42 S OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 Nota When I collected for Drums Collours & Melitia money in the year 1716 I gave allowanc Earle y Rothef o eo t £16f so 2 :1. 0 8: Between the '15 and '45 there is an account '. . . of the Garrison of from Nov 1723 to Nov 1724' from which the following is taken: Novembe0 - 0 -1 Companre 5 1724 th o 3t y Lieut Governor 11-5-0 Lieutenant 4-13-0 Ensign 3-17-5 Payed the Earle of Rothes. Jan 50-0-0 Payed the Mufter Mr V for writinr g out the Muster Rolls 6-10-0 Payed for Coal and Candles 9-1-0 Paye Award Compane th o st y 10-0-0 Paye Earle d th Rothesf eo . Octr 25-0-0

953-1-2 Balanc Cole edu l Blackadder 13-4-8

0 -1 965 6- Papere Th s contain less regardin '45e g th som. e Therb y e significancema accounn a n ei r tfo oats to two horses belonging to Captain Thomas Leslie and John Angus. Captain Thomas Leslie was the third son of the ninth Earl. He had been appointed an equerry to Frederick, Princ Walesf eo 1742n i , Captaia s 46te .A th hn ni Regimen woundes f Foowa e o t e th h tt da Battl Prestonpanf eo taked san n prisonerhorseo tw e s werTh . e give nLeslie oatth t esa House stables fro Novembe6 m2 r 174Marc1 1 5o t h 1746. After that date ther onls ei y fee r thredfo e young mares till the account was acknowledged on 10 November 1746. Perhaps the Captain's wound had healed, and due to deterioration of Prince Charles's cause by 11 March he was no longer held prisonerhorseo havy tw Johd e sma takean nTh . m Angunhi supporo st Duke th t e of Cumberlan t Cullodenda , Aprifough6 1 n l o t1746 JohA . n Angu mentiones si factoe th s da r to the tenth Earl in 1750. There is evidence of local men being gathered in before Culloden: Disc weighin n thahy Accome tHa e wene gth Th tpert o t h 1746. Ane Account to the Earle of Rothes of the men who was weighing the hay to go to the Arme peartt y a her s i s eha unde r- viz: — y da r sipe x d day5 t sa John Tod, John Keniard, John Killgoure, James Bogie, and Andrew Grige. Lefslie ffebr 13th 1746. yeae Th r after Cullode gardenee nth t Leslira e Hous instructes n ewa Me s hi d f 'Thao o ttw lye every housnighe Guarth a s n etArmi furnishea d e b dan o st d the thamn o t Accoun othee tth r two men to lye in the Stable'. The desperate plight of fugitives from that conflict might account for this precaution. A document gives information regarding the conditions of troops in Scotland who were keeping difficule ordeth n i r t times followin e '45 gt th formeI . d bundla par f o t e dated 1760, and concerns an offer by John Adam, architect in Edinburgh, for quartering two troops of. BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES 3 PAPER42 | S Dragoon Countiee t Blaisa th n i r f FifKinrossd so probabl s ean wa t I . y addresse tente th ho dt mads wa Lieuea Earo wh lt Genera Majoa 174n d i l 3an r Genera 1751n i l . John Adamf o e on , e son th f Williaso m Adam, succeede fathes dhi lairs a r f Blairadado m Hous 1748n ei . William Adam worke s Masteda r MasoBoare th f Ordnanceo ndt o witd s familan ,hhi y contributed much in the construction of defence works. John Adam's proposals: I am willing to enter into Contract for a Term of Years to forage two Troops of Dragoon followine th t sa g prices upo Averagen na , Viz1 For a Stone of fown Grafs or Upland Hay, consisting of twenty pounds Weight . .. -:-:3 . .. . i...... Stone .. toth t ea For a Stone of Meadow Hay of the fame W' ...... - : - : 2£ e r Troopeacth Fo hy sStonHa getf o eo tak t , e alon gpoundx Si wit , it hs : i - : - ...... Strawa . .. t Fo Bola r Oat f o l s bein Winchestex gSi r Bu . f .. hell... t sa ...... - : ..9 .: - ... I have already Stable Barrackd san Troupe on s r whicfitten ,i fo p du hTroon a Ge f po Eland's quarter'd last Winter, and were very much pleased both with their Accomodations and provifions, and I have as many houses already built, as will Contain another Troop. The Dung that the Horses make, to belong to Me The Bedding and Utencils in the Barracks to be delivered over by Inventary, clean and entire to the Commanding Officer on the Spot, whose Receipt therefore fhall oblige hi mredeliveo t fame e wafhegoon w rth i ne d ,Valuede dan Conditionth y s pa thereo o t r o , f according to the prices to be insert in faid Inventary, which prices fhall be no more than the prime Cost. The Bedding for each two Men to Consist of a Canvafs filled with Straw, two pairs of Sheets, two Blankets and a Rugg or palliafs. And the Utencils for each Mefs of Eight Men, to be a Grate, Tongs and Fire Shovell, Formspoto a pand Tabltw a Candlesticka an t , d & , ean , als oLanthora Stablese th o nt . I fhall also furnifh Fird Candleean r eacfo s h Mefs accordin e Custoth o gt f m o Barracks. And as the Benefit of grazing the Horfes through the Summer, is the great Inducement foragino t g them thro Wintee th ' r (the profitelase th t n beino s g extremelt ya fmalim a I ) the fame Time willing to enter into Contract for the like Number of Years, to graze three Troops at one f hilling and Eight pence per Week for each horfe, if they fhall Continue upon the Grafs four Moneths or more, but if they fhall be taken up from it in less than four fhillingo Moneths e Rat Tw r Wee th f et o pe sr eac a kfo y ,h thepa Horf o nt e durine gth first Eight Weeks fourteen pence per Week for each Horfe, during the Time they fhall Continue at Grafs afterwards, and fo in proportion for more or less Time.

SPORT AND ENTERTAINMENT Among expenses for 29 September 1690 'Item to My Lord Leslie to give to Tilebols flall- kener in drinkmunie - - - 01 :01 :00'. This was a princely sum compared to gratuities given others. Lord Leslie was John, the eldest son of the Countess of Rothes and her husband, the fifth Ear Haddingtonf o l . The Countess was a frequent visitor to Lady Wemyss. When she visited Wemyss Castle Octobeo5 n1 r 1690 'the young Lords' were 'Salle taketh o tnt panns received an ' shilling4 d1 s | PROCEEDING 4 42 S OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 Scots to give in 'drinkmunie'. Perhaps this visit was intended to be both educational and enter- taining. The younger son Thomas would have been aged about 10 years, and his brother John a few years older. An account to William Russell in Greenhead of Leslie tells us of a severe winter in 1714. For 10 December is this item 'When at ye Currling at prinless loch six rolls of bread and four pints of call - - - 00 : 11 : 00'. The loch mentioned probably gave the name to Prinlaws at the SW end of Leslie where it would lie in the valley of the River Leven. There were marshlands between Leslie and Loch Leven not then drained by 'The Cut' constructed c 1833. 171y Ma 5 O Georg0 n2 e I's birthda celebrates ywa d accordin accounn a o gt t rendered by Wm Russell: Item upo King'e ny s birthda peate y o yht head fourteen2 botel1 winf so e 12:00 5 0 Item ditto the calf no l fiftie eight pints 16:00 Item then to ye servants at ye greenhead nine pints 00 18 :00 Item another solemnity nigh peate calf y o tt ha l head thirty four pint cal3 f s0 o l 08 :00 Item mor saie ey d night seven pint winf so e 12 12:00 Item more ye said night three gills of Brandie 00 12:00 The following year, 1716, the King's birthday was again celebrated and so also was his 'corrination' and the 'princefs' birthday. Frequently the bill of some inn or hostelry included the cost for a pack of cards. Accounts for the 18 day journey made by the ninth Earl and his Countess in 1717, from Edinburgh to London, provide evidenc thisf eo . When overnight stops were made timpasses gamea wa n di f eo cards. Taking the waters was a seasonal practice enjoyed by the family. In 1694 the Countess went to the wells at Harrogate. There are also bills for the wife of her grandson journeying from Edinburgh to Moffat, which was also a spa, on 23 July 1726. The coach to MofTat was supplied bCanongat e yhirea th n ri cosd . ean £4 t Pheasant shooting was another activity. This game bird was bred on the Rothes estate. papeA r dated 1724 gives 'Derectian Makeinr sfo g penn Pheafants'r sfo . Hounds were also kept. One account for 1746 is for 'one Boll two firlots of Pease for the use of Mr James Leslie his hound me'y sb . Anothe 176n ri 5 includes 'Horshounds'e th r efo . From John Lamont's Diary 1649-1671 we know from an entry dated 10 April 1666 that sevente th h Earlbecamo wh , Duke eth f Rotheseo , indulge horsn di e racingf o . y 'Beinda e gth race th t Cupaea Rothef r o Fyffe . Er s, e beinwhicth Maj.s y ghi h da , Comiffione tymee th r ,fo r his horf carrd pryfee di e yth , bein ggreaa t silve tente rTh h cup' . Ear . . . horsla alsd o eot ha rac 172n accounen i a s 4a Andreo t t w Alleen, smit Leslien hi , reveals t woulI . d seem thae th t smith t AndrewwenS o t t s 'with racpeate y eo st horse' waitee t AndrewH .S t da s three days, had a horse hire from St Andrews to Leslie and back, then waited five days at St Andrews 'till ye race was run'. Each day the smith was at St Andrews cost I'O/- and his saddle horse hire to frod an m Lesli £l-8/-s ewa .

SURGEONS APOTHECARIESD AN ' ' BILLS Several such bills were found amon r 169Paperse fo gth e 4 containOn . s item r Rootsfo s of Marsh Mallow, Pearld Barly, Oyle of Scorpions, Syrup of Althea, Oyle of Sweet Almond, Oyle of Camomile, Oyntment of March Mallows and Juniper Berries. Another dated 30 July 1696 was incurred by the Countess when she was at Harrogate. It includes the following: BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES PAPERS | 425 For a bottle of volatile drops for my Lord Rothes 0-2-3 Fo Tincturra e against Stone 0-1-0 r Salt SyruFo s& Althef po a 0-0-6 Fo Papera Saltf ro s 0-0-4 An Electuary 0-2-0 Syrup of Violets 0-0-9 Nesbits Mr pillf r o ts fo x Abo 0-2-0 A letter from a gentleman at Deptford contained a receipt for the cure of gout. This letter was being handed around Londo 1714n i . An account predominantl mediciner yfo s r Milletente froM th mha o t rEarl , coveringa period from February 173 Julo 4t y 1737, totals £167-12-6. Being spread over suc hlona g period possibls i t i comparo et cose r annumeth pe t totae r 1735Th .fo l , £85-8-6 vers i , y high when compared with only £21-13- followine 0th g year. Perhaps there were epidemic 1735n si ? Here are items of interest. The original spelling is retained. Suuatrine Aloes 1-16-0 Powder of Jellap and Syrup of pale Roses 1-18-0 vomiA t Inpecacoana 12-0 - 5-1 0 A Pectorall Balsamick powder Six Doses purging Salts 3-12-0 40 Doses prepaird Sulphur 3- 0-0 A Glass Spirit of Hartshorn 1-13-0 Arsenide 4^0 t NervApo e Ointment 1-13-0 Althet Apo a Ointment 5-0 - 0-3 0 Gum Galbanum A pot venue Turpentine 1-13-0 A Box Aperient Gold pills 4- 0-0 1730 11 9 Glas4A s Aperient Drops 4-16-0 A Pot Aperient and Stomack Electuary 5-10-0 A Glass Sydenhams Liquid Laudanum 16-0 Powde Jellaf ro p 16-0 Senna 1-6 Syrup of pale Roses 7-0 Flower of Brimstone 4-0 Sugar Candy 12-0 Diapenty 1- 0-0 Powde Liquorisf ro h 16-0 BottlA Florencf eo l eOi 19-0 A Box of Cephalick pills 5- 1-0 A Cephalick Mixture 2-16-0 Stomachic Cephalicd kan k Materials 4-19-0 - 6-0 0 A Glass Liquid Laudanum - 8-1 0 Bitter Aromalick Materials 1730 21 5GlasA s Aperient Drops 19-0 A Pot Ishue Ointment 8-0 A Box Basilicon 3-0 426 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 A Camphorated Blistering plaister 8-0 0 6- Melelot plaister Adhesive plaister 12-0 A Neapolitane ointment 16-0 A Glass Oil of Almonds 1-13-0 Two Doses Sperma Cele 5-0 4 Colder Seeds 16-0 Ane Aperien Cordialld an t s Jullap 3-10-0 DosA e Rhubarb with Chymica Cinnamof o l oi l n 14-0 Ishue ointment 10-0 t Venicpo A e Treacle 12-0 Damocrates Electuary 3-19-0 Garlick 1- 0-0 A Bottle Spirit of wine and Camphire 2-19-0 Teeth powder 9-0 Salt Pecter and Salt Prunella 1-12-0 menags hi Eare d Th elan were dependen sucn o t h thing curo st e their ailments. Manf yo purchasee th s consiste f somdo e for purgativef mo , blood purifie r emetio r suggestes ca e th y db inclusio e wordsth f o n, Aloes, Aperient, Aperient Golden Pills, Aperient Drops, Flowef o r Brimstone, purging Salts, Ipecacoana, Senn d Sulphuran a . These represent £87 r hale o , th f total bil f £167-12-o l 6 ove perioe rth d from 173 17374o t . Presumably Cephalick pills wer relievo et e headach Pectorald ean l Balsamick powdeo t r soot curd h an echest a y complaint. Perhaps Diapent soms ywa e for sweaf mo t inducing mixture. One account to a Leslie surgeon is interesting: 1813 Earl of Rothes Leslie House To W. Carmichael surgeon Leslie. servans hi t CarbM t d 3 y c De Pectoral Mixtur powderd ean s 5:6 :2 0 31st Linement 1814 Jan2 Casto2 y l rOi 2:0 6 : Vomit 6 : 3 Pectoral Mixture April 9 horse 0 : 1 Tinctur Myrf eo Aloe& r s 9 : Aug1 6 Bottl8' besf eo t Vinegar 1815 Aug 5 mai1 st d Thomson Lanced her ringer & Ointments 3 : 6 0 : 1 Laxative powders Sept maid Gourlay Discupay solution and 6 : 2 Laxative powder 1:3:3 Six visits what you please Novr 17th Settled Carmichels Mr . . BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES 7 PAPER42 | S

HADDINGTON GRAMMAR SCHOOL IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY r AndreM w Leslie brothee tente th , th hf boardeo ra Earl s Grammae th wa , t a r r School of Haddington in 1726. The account from the schoolmaster, John Leslie, covers a period from 20 October Augus1720 2 6o t t 1728. Board, washin teachinsterlind 0 gan £2 r annums gpe g wa . In November 1728 'Horse hire to Yester, and when he went to convey Lord Geo. Hay to Mussel- burg hwenp whelo Aberdeeo t ts nhi n November 1726 ---0:2:0' 'thay bo t e wipeTh .s dhi Shoes at Lethingtoun and Yester when seeing the Marquise [Marquis of Tweedale] and my Lord Blantyre' was given 0:0:3. Rudiments to Mr Andrew cost tenpence, and when he 'went Lottere th o t y March 25t hgives 1727 wa neigh y e 0:1h ,pa t o t shilling Ear:e d 6'Th ha .l s for 'Your Shar paia f Globef eo ro r Andre Setd M f Mapp sf an o t d o we an sus boughe th r fo t Schoolfellows's hi . Nine shillings covere 'Dansine dth g MasteweekSchoos x si hi r t sa r fo l before vacanc Musice . tune'th D dancin e eo r t 172 kTh .fo d 7an g lesson havy sema proved beneficial when, in March 1727, 'he went to Mr Patons to the young Ladies of Stevenston', and later when he attended a ball. There are items for horse hire to such places as Saltoun, Newhall, Yester, Bellencrieff, Musselburg d Edinburghan h . Horse hir o Saultont e , 'three miles distant', cost sixpence; tha Yesteo t r eightpence longee th d r journean , Edinburgo yt h 6 amounte: 4 : 0 o dt whic 'pays hwa d befor r AndreeM Alewn i x Hepburn's Shop' paiA . pumpsf o r , 'making cuffs' and 'boot Stockings', 'buttons to your cloathes and mending at different times', postage on letters, paper, coal candled san othee ar s r paiiteme b do st for letteA . r from Edinburgh cost twopence. Pocket money is mentioned several times 'From my wife to his Pocket since vacance 1727 ---0:2:0'. Another item 'Farthings to give to the poor Several times' sixpence. Haddington Grammar Schoo vera d y ha lhig h reputation hers e boyeTh wa st I .gav e eth first public performance of Allan Ramsay's The Gentle Shepherd' (Law 1965, 59). Its rectors were men of high standing. One following the period when Andrew Leslie was a pupil was Mr beed ha masten a Hig e o th wh ht ra e SchooRa Edinburghf o l .

COAL WORK Ther papere ear s concerned with coalmine estatee Earle th th n f . so o Thos e mentioned were at Cadham, Cluny and Strathore. An account from John Allesones for carrying coal to the Earl in 1646 contains 'for fetching of four loads of coals from Luigtown heugh to the place Ladyy fo loae 'fom d r on rdan ' from Balgonie heugh' . papere Mosth f o ts wito havd e hth o e t coalmines of the tenth Earl in the 18th century. The pits being near local rivers were affected by seepage which resulte minere th n di s havin transportee b o gt d frocolliere mon anotheo yt r unti watee deals lth rwa t with methode .Th s use doinr dfo g thi diagramshowo e sar tw y nb s found wit documentse hth pumpr fo e s,on operate watey db r powe anothed ran winre makinth df o e gus same foth r e purpose. Ther repora s ei 'Memoriallr o t ' prepare 'Laire th Dundafsf y ddo b , William Adam David and Archibald Robertson' dated 13 April 1736. It includes information about levelling carried purpose th our sitinf fo t eo gwatea r enginvicinite coalmine th th n ei f yo t Easteea r Strathore; how they propos obtaio et water-powee nth mean y aquaducn b a t f i so r rfo t carrie dama o dt - head recommendationd an , s about where trial boree sb shoulo t s sunke db wa Rivee e Th . Or r harnessed to operate the 'Water Wheel'. From the diagram (pi 20) it can be seen that two cranks geare'Watee th o dt r Wheel' give movemen 'Leaverso tw o t t ' supported ove stona r e pillar. dowd an np Thuu actio e sth n imparte 'Leaverse th y d b chain n o ' ?f so i inch diameter suction | PROCEEDING 8 42 S OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 pumps drew water to the surface from a depth of 144 feet. The water engine is mentioned in a letter date173y d6Ma from George Dunda otheEarl.'e e th Th r. o s t thin. . Adar gM m wants havo t Wate e s i eth r Ingine dippin a place Coae r t wili surth e fa s lb la s n dra o dgea t o ful e wth l grout f Watedeepnefe ho th Sinke t th a r f , so whic h would Ease brin stano th t tt gn i dsido f eo the Highway betwixt the two Bridges of Ore and Lochty, upon the Earl of Leven's Ground, the coal dipping towards the East;-'. This indicates that it was sited on the E side of the present A9 t Thornton2a probabls wa t I . y erecte t Easteda r Strathore Colliery about 1739 t cosI . t £229-19-*. There is a letter dated 1738 addressed to Lord Elphinston from a Robert Ainslie. It describe detain si capabilitiee th l pumpin n i windmila e f so us r g fo lwate r fro minese mth s It . height from ground to apex of roof was about 41 feet. The turning blades are geared to operate the pumps (pi 21). This letter must have been forwarded to the Earl of Rothes and considered whe watee nth r engin undes ewa r review. Many aspect coalmininf so 18te th hn g i centur coverede yar . Some papers give trial bores for coal at 'Auchmuty ground' which, like Cadham, is within Glenrothes. Others show that the workers were mere serfs living under very hard conditions. At Balgonie just E of Glenrothes crop coal became worked out towards the end of the 16th century abandonee inflo e b 169y th o B mine .e t water f wo 5t o th d e sha d du . Alexander, Earf o l Leven, owner of Balgonie Castle, took up coalmining in 1731. To overcome the flooding he '. . . had a shaft sunk to a depth of thirty fathoms, and erected a water engine which worked two sets of pumps with nine-inch working barrels. The fitting was a wonderful one for its time, and Balgonie colliery was visited by experts from all parts of the country'. Despite this water still gave trouble, but 'The lesses were men of resource. They sunk a shaft at a point nearer the crop, and fitted up a windmill for driving the pumping gear, the coals being drawn to the surface by the popular 18th-century system of a horse gin. The windmill drained the coal to a depth of about 14 fathoms.' (Cunningham 1907,92-3). It would seem the Earl of Leven pioneered both system pumpinf so g water from mines. serieA f questionso answerd san s regarding Lor t Clair'dS s Coal Mine t Strathorsa e ear dated 1730. Two of them are: What doe sLoaa Lorr . Claidfo dt St rge of Coals when Delivered on Board Ship? Lor . ClaidSt r Loaa get r Coaf sfo do l when Delivere Shipn do e load 7/3 l Scot pen7 r so c d and ~YZth of a. penny out of which he pays hewing and Carring. What is the weight of a Load of Coals ? The weigh loaa f coalf do to s si 18 Ston 12 Ibs amsterdam weight.

TAILORING AND HABERDASHERY Illustrated on pi XX in the Proceedings of the Society for 1944-5 is the Court Dress c 1710 ninte ofth hdonates EarlMuseue wa th t .I o dt m along wit h'Lady'a s evening gow floweref no d sil k- secon d hal eighteentf fo h century' which formerly belonge Countesa o dt Rothesf so . Among the Papers is an account to the Countess of the ninth Earl. Some of the costs are missing. BODIE: INTRODUCTION TO THE ROTHES PAPERS | 429 Accompt The Reight hon: The Countes To James Dowell taylor. Apryll mone 170 Alterinr Th 6fo i g Ane pair ladyshypr stayf eo hi o st blacf eo k tabie [tabby: coarse watered silk] steitche Gallownind dAn g [galloon: narrow ribbo silf no k use edgings da skerrte ]th thef so m with black raittens [ratten: thick woollen 0 0 : 2 0 : 0 0 stuff overl al ] . dozee fo An rellf nblacf o so k raitten Gallowno st skeirte staye eth th t f sat s o 12 penie hapenie per ell is 00 : 02 : 06 for Maiking Ane Embroithered weistcott to my lo: leisly of whyte holand [holland: a fine kind of linen] done with silk freills. 00 : 03 : 00 July 170r Maikinfo 6 Indiae gAn n Sattine Morning Gowladyshypr hi o nt e plyed [worked] with reid. 00 : 02 : 06 for Alterin paire ladyshypr gstayf An e o hi o st e covred with black tabid eAn Gallownin skerte gth thef so ovel mal 0 r0 : wit 2 h0 : blac 0 0 k raittens. for twelve ells of raittens to Gallowne the skeirts of the stays. 00 : 02 : 06 January 1707 for Maiking Ane paire of Whyt tabie bodeys [body: bodice] to hir ladyshype steitched with whyte silk And stamenger [stomacher: triangular piece of material from bust to below waist] for Ane whyte silk lace to lace the bodeys before for Maiking 3 pairs of leitell ladyshypr stayhi o st s Childre pairr t 6/nat -pe . eis for Maiking Ane Cailligo [calico: coarse cotton] morning Gown to hir ladyshype over again for Altering Ane paire of skerlett satiange bodeys [scarlet satin bodice] to hir lasp. And Gallowing the skeirts And the stamenger over Againe for skerlett raitten to the bodys Apryll 170Maikinr fo 7 paire gf whytAn e o e tabie bodey ladyshypr hi o st e steitche l ovedal r with silk And stamenger Mounted with Gold 01 : 10 : 00 0 0 : 0 1 : 0 fo0 quarter5 r whytf so e tabie at: ellir 8/-pe s for 3 quarters of tafity to lyne the Bodys att: 6/- per ell is 00 : 04 : 06 once fo f GolAn reo d Mountein bodeybreise e th th f t o 10/go tt r onc sat -pe e is 00 :10 : 00 for Maikein stamengee gAn bodee breise th pinth o rt f n yo teo mounted with Gold And stritched to hir ladyshype for Ane Gold lace to lace the bodeys weighting 6 drope att is per once is for Maiking 3 Meil bodied Gowns to hir ladyshyps Children att 6/- per peice is Summa as Account Charleo st s Tailfie Edinburghf ro Johd ,an n Symme haberdasherr fo e ,ar y obtained over the years 1706-09. above th l e Al accoun gives i t poundn ni s Scots followinge Th . , som year0 e3 s latern i s i , pounds sterling: Acco Lady Jean Leslie to James Anderson weaver in Falkland for Holland working, etc, as under viz:— 2E 430 I PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1978-80 workino T yard3 g3 s Hollan t I/da - Sterlinp g £1-13- 0 To boiling 10 Spindle Yarn at 2d 8 p - 1 - £0 windino T Spindl0 g1 t l£ea d £0- 1- 3 £1-15-11 Attested by Margaret Mathison Leslie July 24th 1742.

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FIG 3 Paymenfto children working in the garden of Leslie House dated 1702 BODIE: INTRODUCTIO ROTHEE TH O SNT 1 PAPER43 | S TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL Much information can be found on this subject, extending from early coaching days to the secon d18te halth h f o fcentury . In 1694 Margaret, Countess of Rothes, left Edinburgh in a coach and six horses with an escort of seven riders. It took them 7 days to reach Thirsk, a distance of 192 miles. Her ultimate destination was apparently Harrogate for a small unfinished note on an account for meals at that town tells us 'vhen ye Layd vent to the veils the instructions . . .'. She certainly stayed at Harrogate durin e summergth d 1696f 169o san 5. Detail f costo s r foddersfo , stabling, coach greasing and a nightly watch over the coach are given. Longer journeys were mad y coacb e h between Edinburg r d Londonthifo an hs e On . distanc 171n ei 7 too day3 k1 s whil 176n ei 6 only four days. Both journeys were undertaken when daylight was short and wintry weather could be expected. Day to day details and costs of these journeys along with related illustration givee sar Bodin ni e 1968, 23-39.

MISCELLANEOUS addition I subjecte th o nt s already mentione followinge th e dar : Building Material Costs& s Forestry Timber Church Heritors (Meeting of) Contracts Horticulture Gardening Farm Animals Hedging „ Buildings Management „ Crops Names (Personal and Place) „ Food Stuffs Payment in kind „ Harness Roads (Work on) „ Labour Sales Dutu LetFe ys Rates „ Work Wages Footwear Words (Old Scots). One attractive accoun r paymenfo s i t childreo t t n workin gardee th n gf Leslii n o e House in 1702 (fig 3), and a bill heading of a Kirkcaldy firm dated 1815 is beautifully executed (pi 21).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS writee Th indebtes ri Glenrothee th o dt s Development Corporatio Kirkcaldd nan y District Council for permission to reproduce the Papers illustrated.

REFERENCES R Bodie196 G 8W , Some paste lightth n aroundo Glenrothes. t AndrewsS . Cunningham, A S 1907 Markinch and its environs. Leven. Davison, M H A 1965 The Casket Letters. London. Fenwick H ,197 0 Architect Royal. Kineton. Gray (edF )W , 1946 Lord Cockburn, Memorials time. s ohi f Edinburgh. Hill, C 1887 Historical memorials and reminiscences of Stockbridge. Edinburgh. LawA 196, 5 Education Edinburghn i eighteenthe th n i century. London. Slade,HG 1971 'The house of Fetternear: a history and description', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 103 (1970-71), 178-91. Watt, F 1913 The Book of Edinburgh anecdotes. Edinburgh & London. Wilson D ,189 1 Memorials of Edinburgh, vo . Edinburg1 l Londonh& .