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Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter MANTIDI LOVERS ITALIA NEWSLETTER Anche questo mese ce l’abbiamo fatta! Non senza fatica, la Newsletter di Ottobre 2013 è ora online! In questo numero analizzeremo le problematiche della cattura in natura di mantidi nostrane, e vedremo i primi risultati del nostro progetto di censimento! Tutto qui? No ovviamente, c’è molto altro! Buona lettura dunque! Ilaria & William IN QUESTO NUMERO - Vetrina delle meraviglie - Progetto di censimento - Mantidi di cattura - Entomodena: pareri ed impressioni di Marco.V Email: [email protected] Ilaria Porcu & William Di Pietro Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Vetrina delle meraviglie Neomantis sp. Si tratta di mantidi di piccole dimensioni (2,5-3 cm), originarie dell'Australia. Appartengono alla famiglia Iridopterygidae. Analogamente alle mantidi di vetro ( Sinomantis sp. Fam. Iridopterygidae), l'esoscheletro è semitrasparente, lasciando intravedere gli organi interni ed il transito del cibo. Il genus comprende tre specie – Neomantis australis (Saussure & Zehntner, 1895), N.hyalina (Tindale, 1924) ed N.robusta (Beier, 1935), tutte pressochè sconosciute al mondo terraristico. Autore foto: Malcolm Tattersall La Mantide serpente... Un altro bell'Iridopterygidae australiano (Sydney e dintorni): Kongobatha diademata, comunemente chiamata “Snake mantis” per la forma slanciata degli stadi ninfali a riposo. Si tratta di una specie medio piccola – le femmine raggiungono i 3,5-4 cm, mentre i maschi 2-2.5 cm massimi. E' una specie veloce ed aggressiva, in grado di inseguire, attendere o attaccare prede più grandi ed apparentemente forzute di lei, come mosche carnarie o blatte subadulte. E' pressochè sconosciuta in Europa, ma molto apprezzata dagli allevatori Australiani. Purtroppo non abbiamo potuto reperire alcuna foto senza copyright, non ce ne vogliate!!! Email: [email protected] Ilaria Porcu & William Di Pietro Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Progetto di censimento di Mantodei in natura, i primi risultati (di William Di Pietro) Sono passati quasi due mesi, da quando abbiamo deciso di sfruttare gli strumenti offerti da Google per creare mappe e tabelle, in cui registrare i dati georeferenziati dei ritrovamenti di mantodei in natura. La partecipazione degli utenti del gruppo Facebook “Amanti di Mantidi” e del forum di Mantidi Lovers Italia sono state essenziali per questo progetto. Purtroppo, l’idea ci è venuta troppo tardi (rispetto al ciclo vitale delle mantidi nostrane), con tutte le conseguenze del caso: - Le segnalazioni riguardano nella maggior parte dei casi animali adulti o subadulti. - Non sono disponibili dati riguardanti gli stadi di sviluppo precoci - La quantità dei dati, soprattutto per alcune specie, è davvero scarsa, e toccherà aspettare l’anno prossimo per poter trarre qualche conclusione degna di nota! Ciò nonostante, si può già fare qualche ragionamento sulla base dei relativamente pochi dati in nostro possesso! Analizzeremo qui di seguito lo stato della mappa specie per specie di cui abbiamo ricevuto segnalazioni. Ameles decolor (Charpentier, 1825) Link alla mappa: https://mapsengine.google.com/map/u/0/edit?mid=zrtC0YY9bpdM.kvPDKawYZBAg&authuser=0&hl=it Email: [email protected] Ilaria Porcu & William Di Pietro Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Osservazioni: Ovviamente nessuna: non disponiamo di abbastanza dati per questa specie. Ameles spallanzania (Rossi, 1792) Link alla mappa: https://mapsengine.google.com/map/u/0/edit?mid=zrtC0YY9bpdM.kJ5iwDDqOwd4 Nonostante le poche segnalazioni, appare evidente come l’areale di questa specie notoriamente mediterranea, abbia in realtà confini molto più settentrionali, che corrispondono più o meno alla linea ferroviaria Milano-Novara. A.spallanzania è una specie dall’estrema plasticità fenotipica, sia in termini di dimensioni che di colore; tale peculiarità, ha in passato tratto molti autori in inganno: sono state istituite diverse unità tassonomiche (ad esempio A.abjecta ), tutte assimilabili alla grande variabilità di Ameles spallanzania . I maschi maturi volano in modo piuttosto casuale ed, attratti dalle luci casalinghe, finiscono dentro alle abitazioni od attaccati alle zanzariere chiuse. Gli individui e le ooteche da me osservati in provincia di Milano, vivono (senza competere) in stretto contatto con Mantis religiosa . Le ooteche da me osservate, sono state deposte nelle stesse ubicazioni di Mantis religiosa (vedi); ciò confermerebbe le mie ipotesi circa le preferenze sui siti di deposizione per le ooteche svernanti. Non escludo comunque la presenza di ooteche in posizioni maggiormente “esposte”, come quella parzialmente schiusa, rinvenuta da Iolanda Beltramo, su un rosmarino di un giardino privato. Email: [email protected] Ilaria Porcu & William Di Pietro Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Iris oratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) Link alla mappa: https://mapsengine.google.com/map/u/0/edit?mid=zrtC0YY9bpdM.kAaf- ctFtMLw&authuser=0&hl=it Osservazioni: Come si può notare dalla mappa, abbiamo ricevuto un'unica segnalazione nei pressi di Latina. Ciò nonostante, il segnalatore è stato particolarmente costante nel seguire l'ontogenesi dell'individuo in questione. Si tratta di una femmina subadulta il 15 agosto 2013, e ritrovata poi adulta il 16 settembre 2013. E' stata avvistata l'ultima volta il 28 settembre 2013, ma colpo di scena: il 30 è stata rinvenuta un'ooteca sul cipresso in cui era solita appostarsi, presumibilmente sua. Valrebbe la pena di tornare sul luogo la primavera prossima ad intervalli regolari, per osservare come evolve la situazione (senza intervenire in alcun modo). Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Email: [email protected] Ilaria Porcu & William Di Pietro Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Link alla mappa: https://mapsengine.google.com/map/edit?mid=zrtC0YY9bpdM.k2ZbsTJE_t28 Osservazioni: Si riconferma la specie più vicina in assoluto alle attività umane. Abita un’enorme varietà di ambienti: prati incolti, aperta campagna, vegetazione perifluviale, vegetazione cespugliosa di macchia, vegetazione spontanea a ridosso dei muretti delle case, condomini, balconi, etc. A parità di provenienza, mostra un’enorme plasticità fenotipica in entrambi i sessi. I maschi adulti possono apparire accaniti volatori (anche se in modo del tutto scordinato e senza una precisa direzione) o flemmatici insetti alquanto restii al decollo. A Sedriano, le femmine sono stranamente corte (5,5-6 cm) rispetto a quelle osservate in altre parti d’Italia. Interessante notare come, nonostante il brutto tempo, i maschi adulti si rinvengano al Nord fino al 7 ottobre 2013. Ovviamente, non escludo che al Sud e Isole gli accoppiamenti si protraggano fino ad inizio novembre (mancano dati). Le ooteche compaiono al Nord per la prima volta verso il 10 di Settembre 2013 (a Livorno Ferraris (VC)). Curiosamente, tutte quelle da me osservate in natura, sono state deposte sul bordo inferiore della lastra di granito che sovrasta un muretto, al coperto, piuttosto che in altre posizioni (ad esempio casuali) (vedi foto). Ipotizzo che le femmine, durante le prime notti al freddo, abbiano percepito la presenza di sacche d’aria più calda ed al riparo dagli agenti atmosferici, preferendo quindi tali ubicazioni per far svernare la loro progenie. Un’altra spiegazione si potrebbe trovare in un comportamento del tutto istintivo, e quindi ereditabile geneticamente generazione per generazione. Ho monitorato per una decina di giorni una femmina che, verso il 10 ottobre 2013, ha deposto un’ooteca (vedi foto); l’ho avvistata l’ultima volta intorno a lunedì 14 ottobre 2013. Email: [email protected] Ilaria Porcu & William Di Pietro Ottobre 2013 Mantidi Lovers Italia Newsletter Conclusioni & Ringraziamenti Abbiamo visto come, con questi pochi dati, possiamo già estrapolare fatti ed informazioni interessanti circa l'ecologia e l'etologia delle mantidi in natura o nei luoghi antropizzati. Ovviamente, quanto osservato, potrebbe non corrispondere a verità assoluta; per confermare o smentire certe evidenze (o false evidenze), servirebbe un numero consistente di osservazioni da cui ricavare dei trend statistici (con tutte le varianze del caso). Ciò nonostante, restiamo personalmente soddisfatti delle mappe e delle tabelle costruiti in questi ultimi 2 mesi, anche grazie all'aiuto ed alla pazienza dei segnalatori, che ringraziamo di cuore. Ci auguriamo di far crescere questo progetto ed ampliarlo anche in altri Paesi, od inaugurare le mappe di altre specie! Come promemoria, lasciamo di seguito la lista dei dati necessari qualora voleste contribuire alla crescita del progetto con i vostri ritrovamenti: -QUANTITA' -STADIO -SESSO -LUOGO -DATA -QUANTITA' OOTECHE SCHIUSE -QUANTITA' OOTECHE NUOVE -NOTE (ad esempio punti di riferimento vicini al luogo di ritrovamento) -FOTO (in formato jpg e possibilmente a fuoco) -NOME E COGNOME DEL SEGNALATORE (in caso di minorenni, il cognome sarà puntato - ad esempio Luca R. invece di Luca Rossi) Come già detto, le foto dovranno essere a fuoco e soprattutto non saranno tollerati francobolli. Non saranno altresì tollerati troll o segnalazioni inverosimili. In caso di ritrovamenti straordinari (ad esempio di specie date per estinte o non ancora descritte), oltre ai dati sopraindicati, saranno necessari campioni vivi o morti (conservati in alcool 90%), meglio se maschili, ma all'occorrenza andranno bene temporaneamente anche femmine, neanidi, ninfe, adulti oppure ooteche. SONO ESCLUSE DA QUESTO CENSIMENTO LE SPECIE CHE STATE ALLEVANDO Una volta accertate le vostre segnalazioni,
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