Great Basin Naturalist

Volume 48 Number 4 Article 3

10-31-1988

Colorado's rare flora

Steve L. O'Kane Jr. Natural Areas Program, Denver, Colorado

Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn

Recommended Citation O'Kane, Steve L. Jr. (1988) "Colorado's rare flora," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 48 : No. 4 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol48/iss4/3

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. COLORADO'S RARE FLORA

Steve L. O Kane, Jr.'

Abstract. —Distribution, status, habitat, elevational range, original literature citations, synonymy, and specimens deposited at Brigham Young University (BRY), University of Colorado (COLO), Colorado State University (CS), Denver Botanical Garden (KHD), Kansas State University (KSC), University of Kansas (KANU), Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), and the Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM) are given for 79 species of rare Colorado . Species federally Usted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the Endangered Species Act, candidates for listing, and species that qualify as federal candidates because of limited range, small populations, or known threats are included. Suggested changes in status are offered where appropriate. Maps and tables indicating the Colorado range of these species are provided.

Colorado, because of its geologic history that are likely to become endangered in the and elevational extremes, its diversity of foreseeable future (threatened). Seven spe- geologic formations, soil types, topography, cies in Colorado are listed as either endan- local climatic regimes, and floristic affinities gered or threatened, and numerous taxa are (Kruckeberg 1986, Mason 1946a, 1946b, under review for listing as endangered or Stebbins and Major 1965, 1980, Welsh threatened. The most recent list of Colorado's

1978a), is host to a number of rare endemic candidate species is contained in the U.S. species. Some of these species are directly Fish and Wildlife Service's (1985) list of can- threatened by human activities that modify or didate taxa. Endangered and threat- eliminate habitat essential to the species. ened species are listed in the publication These threats include overgrazing by domes- Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and tic livestock, road construction, off-road-vehi- Plants (USFWS 1987). The Colorado Natural cle (ORV) use, construction of irrigation Areas Program (CNAP) cooperates with the ditches and canals, agricultural conversion, USFWS, through an Endangered Species residential and summer home construction, Act, Section 6 agreement, in protecting rare chaining, spraying, seeding rangeland to in- plant species. CNAP maintains a data base for troduced species, competition from exotic listed and candidate tiLxa, as well as for those weeds, dam construction for hydroelectricity species that are more common elsewhere but and water storage, and exploration for and are rare in Colorado. CNAP's list of Colorado extraction of oil, gas, minerals, and oil shale. rare plants (CNAP 1988) is revised as new data Furthermore, rare species, by virtue of their are received. CNAP and USFWS files on rare narrow endemism or small populations, are species in Colorado, data from literature more susceptible to stochastic or systematic sources, and specimen label data from herb- human-caused extinction (Diamond 1984, aria with important collections of Colorado

Jablonski et al. 1985, Menges 1986, Tcrborg specimens have been used to compile this and Winter 1980, Wilcox 1980); a single ca- report. tastrophic event could significantly impact or This paper addresses those species that

even extirpate them. Some rare species are (1) are listed as endangered or threatened, (2) the objects of intentional harm. Colorado s are candidates or are (jualified to be candi- rare cacti, for example, are actively sought by dates for listing, and (3) are no longer candi- collectors in this country and abroad. dates but are rare enough to be either rein- The Endangered Species Act of 1973 pro- stated or require constant surveillance to vides protection for species that are threat- assure that they do not again become rare or

ened with extinction throughout all or a signif- threatened in tiie foreseeable future. Botan- icant portion of their range (endangered) or ists, government agency personnel, ecologists,

Colorado Natural Arca.s Program. 1.31.3 Sherman Streft. R(X)m 718, Denver, Colorado 80203. Present address: Mis iri Botanical Carden. Box 299. St. Louis, Missouri 6.3166 and Department of Biology, Box 11.37. Washington University. St. Louis. Missouri 63130.

434 October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 435 environmental consultants, and land develop- (1960) for Arizona; Martin and Hutchins ers can use this information to plan for (1980) for New Mexico; Cronquist et al. (1977, projects that modify natural habitats, to assess 1984) and Welsh et al. (1987) for Utah; Dorn the status of rare species contained in project (1988) for Wyoming; Great Plains Flora Asso- areas, to prepare environmental impact state- ciation (1986) for the Great Plains; Goodrich ments, and to plan for fieldwork involving rare and Neese (1986) for the Uinta Basin; and species. Barneby (1964) for the genus .

The only publications specifically concern- Inasmuch as this paper is a companion to ing Colorado's rare plants are Peterson's Welsh and Chatterly's (1985) recent report on (1982) pamphlet on the plants listed as threat- Utah's rare plants, the format used in their ened or endangered and Ecology Consultant's paper has been followed closely. Habitat, (1979) compendium for the U.S. Forest Ser- distribution, threats, elevational range, and vice of the rare species of Forest Service federal status, as well as distributional maps, Region 6. These publications, now out of useful anecdotal information, and specimen date, do not contain information on the citations are given for each species. The town- availability of specimens for study. However, ship and range of collection sites are from they have been extensively consulted in the specimen labels if given, but are otherwise preparation of this paper, as have reports on extrapolated from locality descriptions pro- intensive inventories of individual species and vided on the labels. Dates of collections are of important botanical areas by CNAP, gov- provided—month/day/year—to help in plan- ernment agencies, environmental consul- ning field surveys. Original literature cita- tants, interested amateurs, university person- tions for each species are included to facilitate nel, and The Nature Conservancy (e.g., location of technical descriptions. Although

Galatowitsch et al. 1988, Peterson and Baker synonyms are provided, an exhaustive litera- 1982, O'Kane 1986, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, ture search has not been conducted to provide 1987d, Harner and Associates 1984, Knight a definitive synonymy for each species. et al. 1986). The federal status of each taxon, as defined Specimens from eight herbaria were thor- in the Endangered Species Act and as re- oughly examined and are reported herein: ported in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Brigham Young University (BRY), University (1985), is as follows. Species listed as endan- of Colorado (COLO), Colorado State Univer- gered or threatened are protected by specific sity (CS), Denver Botanical Carden (KHD), laws. For Category 1 species the USWS has Kansas State University (KSC), University of enough information available to support the Kansas (KANU), Missouri Botanical Garden appropriateness of being listed as endangered (MO), and Rocky Mountain Herbarium (RM). or threatened. Category 2 species are possibly A few specimens from herbaria not thor- appropriate to list as endangered or threat- oughly searched are reported when known. ened, but more data are needed to support Papers, reports, and books dealing with the preparation of a listing package. Category 2* rare flora of adjacent states are helpful sources species meet the criteria of Category 2 but are of data for species crossing state borders. For presumed extinct. Category 3C species are no Utah, Welsh et al. (1975), Welsh (1978b), longer considered candidates for listing. Cate- Welsh and Chatterly (1985), and Welsh and gory 3B species are taxa that do not meet the

Thorne (1979) are freely consulted. Dorn and act's definition of "species "; this usually means

Dorn (1980) and Ecology Consultants (1979) that the entity is either not a "good " taxon or are used for Wyoming. New Mexico Native that it is synonymous with a more abundant Plant Protection Advisory Committee (1984) one. Recommendations are made, where ap- is employed for data on New Mexico's rare propriate, that species be considered for list- plants. Mohlenbrock's book on the threatened ing as threatened or endangered, that taxa and endangered plants of the United States currently not candidates be made Category (1983) provides useful information for several 1 or 2 candidates, or that current candidates of Colorado's rare plants. Floras and mono- be down-graded to Category 3C or 3B. graphs giving data on species distributions Binomials and trinomials used here are include: Harrington (1964) and Weber (1976, not necessarily those recommended by au- 1987) for Colorado; Kearney and Peebles thorities familiar with the taxa but are, rather. 436 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 those given in the Federal Register lists. Ambrosia linearis (Rydb.) Payne, N. Amer. Common names are primarily those given in Fl. 33: 27. 1922.

CNAP (1988) with modifications from Welsh Map 2 etal. (1987). Family. — (Compositae). Figure 1 shows the townships in Colorado Synonyms. —Gaertneria linearis Rydb., containing federally threatened or endan- Franseria linearis Rydb. gered taxa. Figure 2 shows townships contain- Federal status. —Category 2. ing candidate and recommended candidate The streaked is a rarely collected taxa. Table 1 Hsts by species the county distri- endemic of the eastern plains of Colorado. It is bution of the rare species in Colorado. A spe- known to occur in sandy, seasonally moist cies list arranged by county is found in Table soils. Few searches have been conducted for 2. Maps showing the geographical range of the species, and records are spotty, coming each taxon are found in the Appendix. mostly from disturbed sites of railroad em- bankments and road borrow ditches. The Colorado's Rare Flora taxon may be more common, as indicated by the county distribution of the few available humilis C. & R., Contr. U.S. Nat. records. Inventories are needed to ascertain Herb. 7: 107. 1900. its status. Mapl Location obscure: Christ 948, 7/10/37 (CS). Count\': R64W: Austin Family. — (Umbelliferae). Elbert T9S 939, 8/7/35 (CS). El Paso Count\': Location Federal status. —Category 2. obscure. Ward 3371, 3/19/36 (CS). Kiowa The Larimer aletes occurs in nearly vertical County: T18S R51W: Penland 4686, 8/31/72 habitats of Precambrian granite cliffs and iso- (COLO); T18S R52W: Stephens 62753, 9/28/ lated tors in the ponderosa pine and Douglas- 72 (COLO, KANU); Stephens 54547, 6/10/72 fir zones of the lower foothills in the drainages (KANU). Lincoln Count\: T17S R56W: of the Poudre River, Larimer County, where Stephens 62695, 9/28/72 (KANU); Stephens it is frequently found growing with Heuchera 90540, 7/15/81 (KANU); Stephens 54616, 6/ and Psetidocymopterus. Localities range in el- 10/72 (KANU); T16S R58W: Ownbey 1325, evation from 2,100 to 2,380 m. Populations 7/5/37 (COLO). are in relatively inaccessible habitats that are little threatened by existing land manage- Aquilegia micrantha Eastw. var. mancosana ment. Planned reservoir projects in the area, Eastw., Proc. California Acad. Sci. (2) 4: 559. however, could threaten known populations 1895. and potential habitat. Several populations Map 3 northwest of Fort Collins in Phantom Canyon are protected by The Nature Conservancy. Family. — (Hellaboraceae). The species has recently been reported from Synonym. —Acjuile^ia micrantha Eastw. f Albany County, Wyoming (Dorn 1988). mancosana (Eastw.) W. A. Weber. Larimer Counit: T9N R71W: Wilken, Federal STATUS. —Category 2*. Popp & Steingraeber 13973, 6/8/83 (CS); The Mancos columbine is known from two Hartman 11678 6/13/80 (RM); TUN R71W: historical collections taken in or near Johnson Popp s.n., 6/29/83 (CS); TUN R72W: Neely Canyon, a side canyon of the Mancos River 3542, 1986 (CS); Popp s.n., 6/29/83 (CS); below Mesa Verde National Park. Recent Johnston & Lucas 1664-5, 6/8/78 (BRY, searches of the canyon failed to locate popula- COLO, RM); Lucas s.n., 6/9/78 (COLO, tions of the taxon. The original collections RM); T12N R71W: Jones 41797, 6/9/65 (CS, were from damp, alkaline alcoves of cliff over- RM); Popp s.n., 6/29/83 (CS, RM); Osterhout hangs. Collections and sightings of spurless 4678, 5/24/12 (BRY, COLO, RM); Osterhout forms of A. micrantha have, however, been 2002, 7/19/99 (BRY, COLO, RM); Johnston & made elsewhere in the state. This variety Lucas 1662, 6/7/78 (BRY, COLO); Weber & needs to be examined taxonomically, as it Jones 12392, 6/9/65 (COLO); Hartman 3077, probably represents only a spurless form ofA. 5/16/71 (RM); T12N R obscure: Goodding micrantha, in which case it should be down- 8850, 4/02 (RM). graded to Categor\ 3B. Rare Flora 437 October 1988 O'Kane:

township. Locations based on federally endangered and threatened species by Fig 1 Distribution of Colorado's based solely on CNAP data. specimen labels are shaded. Dots indicate locations

filed under A. cana ssp. County-. T33N R14W: Weth- taxon may be found Montezuma an viscidula. If the taxon should be found to be Eastwood s. n. , 9/1892 erill s.n. , 6/1891 (CAS); hybrid or proven to be synony- (Holotype: CAS). unstabilized mous with A. cana ssp. viscidula {Seriphidium Rhodora 61: 84- be Artemisia argilosa Beetle, canum ssp. viscidulum), its status should 85. 1959. downgraded to Category 3B. The species alkaline Map 4 tends to grow on disturbed sites of expanses of sage- Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). mine tailings within flat at ca 2,500 m Synonym. —Seriphidium canum (Pursh) brush, Atriplex, and greasewood W. A. Weber ssp. viscidulum (Osiex\v.) W. A. in elevation. Asplund Weber sensu Weber. Jackson County: T6N R80W: Federal STATUS. —Category 2. 68-12 8/24/68 (RM); Beetle & Palmer 12316, Coaltown sagebrush grows in a small area in 11/12/56 (KANU, RM); Beetle 12872, 7/31/57 (CS); North Park, Jackson County. The taxonomic (Holotype: RM); Mahaffey s.n., 9/19/65 Har- validity of this taxon is questioned (Leila Mahaff"ey s.n., 9/19/65 (CS); Mahaffey & Wiley-Eberle 454, Shultz, personal communication, Wittmann rington s.n., 9/19/45 (RM); hybrid et al. 824, 7/16/81 et al. 1988). This species may be a 7/30/79 (CS); Wiley-Eberle between A. cana ssp. viscidula and A. longi- (CS). loha, both ofwhich occur in North Park, albeit Asplenium andrewsii A. Nels., Proc. Biol. not growing with A. argilosa (Beetle 1959). Soc. Washington 17: 174-175. 1904. According to Shultz, other specimens of the 438 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Fig. 2. Distribution of Colorado's current and recommended candidate rare plants bv township. ' ^"^<»"«nsLocations based'"!>ea on specimen labels are shaded. Dots indicate locations based solely on CNAP data.

Map 5 s.n., 8/05 (CS); Bethel & Andrews s.n., 8/05 Family. —Aspleniaceae. (CS); Betts & Bobbins 8340, 12/15/10 (COLO); Synonym.—A. adiantum-nigrum L. of Col- Andrews s.n., 7/15/17 (COLO); orado literature. Schramus s.n., 8/1/14 (MO). Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Astragalus cronquistii Barneby, Mem. New The black spleenwort is known from four York Bot. Card. 13: 257-259. 1964. widely di.sjunct populations: White Rocks in Map 6 Boulder County, Colorado; Zion National Family. Park, Utah; near Flagstaff" in Coconino — (Leguminosae). Federal st.atus. County, Arizona; and in Chihuahua, Mexico —Categor>' 2. Cron(iuist milkvetch is known (McVaugh 1957). The White Rocks popula- from Ute Mountain Ute tribal lands in the tion grows in cracks of a light-colored southwest- rock ern outcrop. corner of Montezuma C:ounty, from adja- Development for gravel pits and cent Utah, and from Comb Wash in housing developments may pose San Juan a threat to County, the Utah. It occurs in shadscale commu- species (Ecology Consultants 1979). Our nities in fine-textured soils derived from Man- material may be conspecific with A. adUin- cos shale and the Morrison Formation. In Col- tum-nigrum L. of Eurasia and Africa (Maxon orado it ranges in elevation from 1,475 to 1912; Lellinger 1985), in which case it should 1,750 m. be Populations are currentK' threat- downgraded to Category 3B. This is one of ened by road construction and gas exploration the rarest species in the United States. and by an impending system of canals. The Boulder Counh: TIN R69W: Andrews species was recently discovered in Colorado. October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 439

Table L County distribution ofColorado's rare plants. Table L Continued. A single asterisk indicates species endemic to Colorado. Locations are based on herbarium specimens except Lesquerella congesta* Rio Blanco where double asterisks indicate county records based Lesquerella parviflora* Garfield, Rio Blanco solely on CNAP data. Lesquerella pruinosa* Archuleta Lomatium concinnum* Delta, Gunnison, Species COUNTV' Montrose Lonuitium latilobum Mesa Aletes humilis Larimer Lupinus crassus* Montrose linearis* Elbert, El Paso, Kiowa, Ambrosia Lygodesmia doloresensis Mesa Lincoln Mentzelia argillosa Garfield Aquilegia micrantha Montezuma Mentzelia densa* Chaffee, Fremont var. nmncosana* Mimulus gem.miparus* Grand, Jefferson, Arahis vivariensis MofiFat Larimer Artemisia argilosa* Jackson Mirabilis rotundifolia* El Paso, Fremont, Asplenium andrewsii Boulder Pueblo Astragalus cronquistii Montezuma lithophila* Chaffee, Conejos, Astragalus debequaeus* Mesa Huerfano, Rio Astragalus deterior* Montezuma Grande, Saguache Astragalus hamiltonii Moffat Oenothera acutissima Astragalus liumillimus Montezuma Moffat kleinii* Astragalus linifolius* Delta, Mesa, Montrose Oenothera Mineral Astragalus microcymbus* Gunnison Farthenium alpinum Weld Astragalus osterlwutii* Grand Parthenium tetraneuris* Chaffee, Fremont, Astragalus ripleiji Conejos Pueblo Astragalus schmolliae* Montezuma Fediocactus knowltonii La Plata Astragalus wetherillii Garfield, Mesa, albifluvis Rio Blanco** Moffat, Montrose, Penstemon debilis* Garfield San Miguel** Penstemon degeneri* Custer**, Fremont Atriplex pleiantha Montezuma Penstemon gibbensii Moffat, Rio Blanco Braya humilis Chaffee, Gunnison, Park Penstemon grahamii Rio Blanco ssp. ventosa* Penstemon harringtonii* Eagle, Grand, Routt, Cirsium ownbeyi Moffat Summit Cleome multicaulis Saguache, Costilla Penstemon parvijlorus* Montezuma Rio Grande, Alamosa Penstemon penlandii* Grand Cryptantha aperta* Mesa Penstemon retrorsus* Delta, Montrose Echinocereus triglochidiatus Mesa, Montrose Phacelia formosida* Jackson var. inermis Phacelia suhmutica* Garfield, Mesa Erigeron kachinensis Montrose Phlox caryophylla Archuleta, La Plata brandegei* Chaffee, El Paso, Physaria bellii* Boulder, El Paso, Fremont, Park Jefferson, Larimer Eriogonum clavellatum Montezuma Physaria obcordata* Blanco Eriogonum pelinophilum* Delta, Montrose Rio Eutrema penlandii* Park, Summit Potentilla effusa Boulder, Clear Creek, dasyclada Garfield, Rio Blanco var. rupincola* Larimer Festuca hallii Huerfano, Larimer Ptilagrostis porteri* Lake**, Park, Summit Frasera coloradensis* Baca, Bent, Prowers, Rorrippa coloradensis* Alamosa? Las Animas Saussurea tveberi Park, Summit Gaura neomexicana Boulder, Larimer, Weld, Sclerocactus glaucus Delta, Garfield, Mesa, ssp. coloradensis Adams? Montrose Gilia penstemonoides* Gunnison, Hinsdale Sclerocactus mesae-verdae Montezuma Montrose, Ouray Senecio dimorphophyllus Mesa, Montrose, Ouray Hackelia gracilenta* Montezuma var. intermedius Haplopappus fremontii Fremont, Huerfano**, Sisyrinchium pallidum Larimer, Park ssp. monocephalus* Otero**, Las Animas Spiranthes diluvialis Boulder, Jefferson, Hymenoxys helenioides Las Animas, Hinsdale Weld?, Morgan?, globtdaris* Lake, Park, Summit El Paso? Ipomopsis polyantha Archuleta heliophilum* Garfield, Mesa**, var. polyantha* Rio Blanco

Montezuma County: T32N R20W: O'Kane, R18W: O'Kane & Anderson 2343, 5/15/86

Anderson & Flemming 2027A, 5/8/85 (CS); (COLO, CS); T33N R20W: O'Kane et al. Barneby 17803, 5/19/82 (BRY, COLO); Hig- 2028A, 5/8/85 (CS); Goodrich & Atwood gins & Welsh 13330, 5/25/83 (BRY); T33V2N 18175, 5/17/83 (BRY). 440 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Table 2. Colorado's rare plants listed by county. Loca- Table 2. Continued. tions are based on herbarium specimens except where an Parthenium tetraneuris asterisk indicates records based solely on CNAP data. Penstemon degeneri Adams Garfield Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis? Astragalus wetherillii Archuleta Festuca dasyclada Ipomopsis polyantha var. polyantha Lesquerella parviflora Lesquerella pruinosa Mentzelia argillosa Phlox caryophylla Phacelia submutica Alamosa Sclerocactus glaucus Thalictrum heliophilum Cleome multicaulis Rorippa coloradensis? Grand Baca Astragalus osterhoutii Frasera coloradensis Mimulus gemmiparus Penstemon harringtonii Bent Penstejnon penlandii Frasera coloradensis Gunnison Boulder Astragalus microcymbus Asplenium andrewsii Braya humilis ssp. ventosa Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis Gilia penstemonoides Physaria bellii Lomatium concinnum Potentilla effusa var. rupincola Spiranthes dihivialis Heurfano Festuca hallii Chaffee Haplopappus fremontii var. monocephalus* Braya humilis ssp. ventosa Neoparrya lithophila Eriogonum brandegei Mentzelia densa Hinsdale Neoparrya lithophila Gilia penstemonoides Partheniwn tetraneuris Hymenoxys helenioides Clear Creek Jackson Potentilla effusa var. rupincola Artemisia argilosa Phacelia formosula Conejos Astragalus ripleyi Jefferson Neoparrya lithophila Mimulus gemmiparus Physaria bellii Costilla Spiranthes diluvialis Cleome multicaulis Hymenoxys helenioides Kiowa Ambrosia linearis Custer Penstejnon degeneri* Lake Ipomopsis globularis Delta Ptilagrostis porteri* Astragalus linifolius Eriogonum pelinophilum Las Animas Lomatium concinnuni Frasera coloradetisis Penstemon mensarum Haplopappus fremontii ssp. monocephalus Penstemon retrorsus Lincoln Sclerocactus glaucus Ambrosia linearis Eagle La Plata Penstenum harringtonii Pediocactus knowltonii Elbert Phlox caryophylla Ambrosia linearis Lakimkk El Paso Aletes humilis Ambrosia linearis Festttca hallii Eriogonum brandegei Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis Mirabilis rotundifolia Mimidus gemmiparus Physaria bellii Physaria brltii Spiranthes diluvialis? Potentilla effusa \ ar. rupincola Sisyrinchium pallidum Fremont Eriogonum brandegei Mesa Haplopappus fremontii ssp. monocephalus Astragalus debequaeus Mentzelia densa Astragalus linifolius Mirabilis rotundifolia Astragalus wetherillii October 1988 O'KanE: Colorado's Rare Flora 441

Table 2. Continued. Table 2. Continued.

Cryptantha aperta Otero Echinoceri'us tri^lochicliatiis var. inennis Haplopappnsfremontii var. monocephalus* Loinatium latilobnm Park Lijgodesmia doloresensis B raya humilis ssp. ventosa Phacelia suhmiitica Eriogonum brandegei? Sclerocactus glaucus Entrema penlandii Senecio dimorphophijlhis var. intermedins Ipomopsis globularis * Thalictru m helioph ihi in Ptilagrostis porteri Moffat Sanssurea weberi Astragalus hamiltonii Sisyrinchium pallidum Astragalus wetherillii Pueblo Cirsium ownbeyi Mirabilis rotundifolia Arabis vivariensis Parthenium tetraneuris Oenothera acutissinia Penstemon gibbensii Prowers Frasera coloradensis Mineral Rio Blanco Oenothera kleinii Festuca dasyclada Montrose Lesquerella congesta Astragalus linifolius Lesquerella parviflora Astragalus wetherillii Penstemon albiflnvis* Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. inennis Penstemon gibbensii Erigeron kachinensis Penstemon grahamii Eriogonum pelinophilum Physaria obcordata Gilia penstemonoides Thalictrum heliophilum Lornatium concinnum RioGr.'^nde Lupinus crassus Cleome mnlticaulis Penstemon retrorsus Neoparrya lithophila Sclerocactus glaucus Senecio dimorphophijllus var. intermedins Routt Penstemon harringtonii Montezuma Aquilegia micrantha var. mancosana Saguache Astragalus cronquistii Cleome mnlticaulis ^ Astragalus deterior Neoparrya lithophila Astragalus humilliinus San Miguel Astragalus schmolliae Astragalus wetherillii* Atriplex pleiantha Summit Eriogonum clavellatum Entrema penlandii Hackelia gracilenta Ipomopsis globularis Penstemon parviflorus Penstemon harringtonii Sclerocactus mesae-verdae Ptilagrostis porteri Morgan Sanssurea weberi Spiranthes diluvialis? Weld Ouray Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis Gilia penstemonoides Parthenium alpinum Senecio dimorphophijllus var. intermedins Spiranthes diluvialis?

Astragalus debequaeus Welsh, Great Basin It is found in areas surrounded by pinyon- Nat. 45: 31-33. 1985. juniper woodlands at elevations ranging from Map? 1,570 to 1,950 m. Known localities are just Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). west of DeBeque in the Chimney Rock area and south of the Colorado River in the shallow Federal status. —Category 2. The DeBeque milkvetch, recently de- canyons at the base of Horsethief Mountain. scribed from Mesa County, grows among The species is similar to the pink-purple—

rocks in sandy soils of the Wasatch Formation flowered A. eastwoodiae , which is nearly sym-

and in clay soils derived from the Atwell patric and with which it may be conspecific. Gulch Member of the Wasatch Formation. Mesa County: T8S R97W: O'Kane 2369, 442 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

5/22/86 (CS); Anderson 85-83, 6/21/85 (BRY); cies occur in northwestern Uintah County and T8S R98W: O'Kane 2374, 5/22/86 (CS, RM); near the Utah-Colorado border about 16 km Johnston 2520, 5/7/82 (COLO); T8S R99W: north of Bonanza, Utah, where it grows on soil O'Kane & Anderson 2351, 5/20/86 (COLO, derived from the Duchesne River Formation CS, NY); T9S R97W: Welsh, Welsh & Kass from 1,580 to 1,935 m in elevation. The Colo- 22390, 5/11/85 (BRY); Anderson 85-15, rado population occurs at 1,756 m in sand of 6/12/84 (BRY); O'Kane 2389, 5/25/86 (CS, the interstices of a small, nearly barren out- NY); Welsh, Welsh & Kass 22802, 5/16/84 crop of the Morrison Formation in a juniper— (COLO); Welsh, Welsh & Kass 22792, 5/16/84 Cercocarpus intricatus woodland. The Na- (BRY, COLO); Welsh, Welsh & Kass 22792, tional Park Service protects this species in 5/16/84 (Holotvpe: BRY; Isotypes: BRY, Colorado. COLO, MO); kass 1649, 5/16/84 (BRY); T9S Moffat Count\': T6N R99W: O'Kane R98W: O'Kane 2397, 5/26/86 (CS, RM). 2768, 5/17/87 (COLO, CS, Dinosaur Nat'l. Astragalus deterior (Barneby) Barneby, Mon.). Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 36. 1953. Astragalus humillimus Gray ex Brandegee, Map 8 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. 23: 235. 1876. Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). Map 10 Federal status. —Category 3C. Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). The CliflF Palace milkvetch is endemic to a Synonyms. —Tragacantha humillima (Gray) small area in Mesa Verde National Park near O. Kze., Phaca humillima (Gray) Rydb. Anasazi cliff dwellings, where it grows in Federal status. —Endangered. sandy soils of ledges and in cracks of slickrock. The Mancos milkvetch is known from a few The species occurs between 2,040 and 2,135 populations in San Juan County, New Mex- m in elevation with pinyon and juniper. Su- ico, and from the rims of mesas above the perficially, this inconspicuous species resem- Mancos River canyon in Montezuma County, bles A. naturitensis, A. cottamii, and A. mon- Colorado. The type locality in Montezuma umentalis. Its ochroleucous flowers are County, discovered in 1875 by T. S. Brande- smaller than those of these species. Astra- gee, was not relocated until field searches galus naturitensis has bicolored rather than were conducted in 1986 and 1987. The species ochroleucous flowers, and both A. monumen- inhabits pockets of sandy soil on exfoliating talis and A. cottamii have narrower pod septa slickrock of the Point Lookout Member of the and pink-purple petals. No threats are known; Mesa Verde Formation amidst pinyon- however, park use within its habitat should be juniper woodlands at 1,700 to 1,770 m eleva- monitored. tion. Populations in Colorado are small and, Montezuma County: T34N R15W: Ratzloff although not currently threatened, could be & Colver s.n., 5/31/78 (COLO); Iselv, Erd- impacted by seismic exploration for deposits man & Isely 8789, 5/21/64 (BRY); Welsh 1746, of oil and gas. This species may be exhibiting 5/31/62 (BRY); Welsh, Erdman & Moore competitive exclusion with A. cottamii Welsh. 2132, 6/9/63 (BRY); Peabodv & Sears 1464, These species are never found growing to- 6/17/77 (BRY); Friedlander s.n., 6/15/80 (CS). gether in the same pocket of soil but may be Astragalus hamiltonii C. L. Porter, Rhodora found in immediateK adjacent but slightly 54: 159. 1952. different habitat. Map 9 Montezi'MA CvOUNTY: T33N R obscure: Brandegee 1087, 7/1861 (Tvpe: GH, MO); Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). T33N R17W: O'Kane 2342, 5/14/86 (COLO); Synonym. —A. lonchocarpus Torr. var. Neelv 3897, 4/4/87 (CS); Neelv 3889, 4/3/87 hamiltonii (C. L. Porter) Isely. (CS).' F'ederal status. —Category 2. The Hamilton milkvetch is known in Colo- Astragalus linifolius Osterh., Bull. Torrey rado from a single population, discovered in Bot. Club 55: 75. 1928. 1987, of perhaps a score of individuals near Map 11 Deerlodge Park in Dinosaur National Monu- ment. The few other populations of the spe- Family, -Fabaceae (Leguminosae) "

October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 443

Synonyms. —CtenophijUum linifolium Os- ORV activity. Astragalus microcijmhus grows terh.. I.e., nom. nud. in syn., A. rafaelensis in sagebrush communities in fine to moder- Jones sensu Rydb. ately coarse soils usually derived from Cam- Federal STATUS. —Category 2. brian granite on hillsides from 2,315 to 2,485 The Grand Junction milkvetch is known m in elevation. Due to its extreme rarity, this from a few populations in Delta, Mesa, and species should be listed as threatened. Montrose counties at elevations of 1,510 to Gunnison County: T49N RIW: OKane & 1,880 m on steep slopes of the Chinle and Anderson 3270, 13/7/87 (RM); Weber 9144, Morrison formations with pinyon, juniper, 7/9/55 (BRY, CS, RM); Ripley & Barneby and sagebrush on the east side of the Uncom- 7179, 7/20/45 (Holotype: CAS; Isotypes: pahgre Plateau. Until the late 1970s the spe- COLO, GH, RSA); Johnston, Ratzloff & Lu- cies was known only from Osterhout's type cas 1795, 7/11/78 (COLO, RM); Ratzloff s.n., locality near Grand Junction. No threats are 6/30/78 (COLO); Neese 15894, 7/15/84 (BRY, known, but the impact of grazing on the spe- CS, RM); Neese 15855, 7/13/84 (BRY, CS); cies is not understood. The species is similar Neese 15857, 7/13/84 (BRY, CS); Neese to A. rafaelensis, which occurs on the west 15892, 7/15/84 (BRY, CS); Neese 15845, 7/13/ side of the Uncompahgre Plateau. Astragalus 84(BRY, CS, RM). rafaelensis, primarily found in and around the Astragalus osterhoutii M. E. Jones, Rev. As- San Rafael Swell in Utah, differs by having trag. 251. 1923. pendant pods and shorter calyx teeth. A. lini- folius may represent a variety of this species Map 13 (Barneby 1964). Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). Delta County: T51N R13W: Weber Synonym. —Lonchophaca osterhoutii (Jones) 15307, 5/15/78 (BRY, COLO, RM). Mesa Rydb. County: TIS RIW: Osterhout 6557, 6/18/26 Federal STATUS. —Category 2. (Holotype: RM, Isotypes: COLO, RM); T12S Osterhout milkvetch occurs in a few popu- RIOOW: Atwood & Thompson 8742, 5/18/82 lations near Kremmling, Grand County, on (BRY); Anderson s.n., 5/10/82 (COLO); T49N clayey, seleniferous soils derived from shales R18W: Wilken & Kelley 13955, 6/2/83 (BRY, of the Niobrara, Piene, and Troublesome for- CS); T51N R13W: Wilken, Ratzloff & ElHs mations on barren knolls and in sagebrush 13533, 5/27/79 (CS). Montrose County: communities. Elevations range from 2,225 T48N R17W: Peterson & Kennedy 83-50, to 2,315 m. The species is an obligate 6/2/83 (BRY, CS, RM); T51N R12W: John- selenophyte and is able to withstand harsh site ston, Ratzloff & Lucas 1559, 5/25/78 (COLO, conditions. Barneby (1964) reports Oster- RM); T51N R13W: Johnston, RatzlofF& Lucas hout's type locality as "Hot Sulphur Springs. 1587, 5/25/78 (BRY, COLO); Neese & Abbott Osterhout's specimen label, however, merely

13553, 6/14/83 (BRY, CS, RM). states "Sulphur Springs. " The taxon has not been located near Hot Sulphur Springs but Astragalus microcymbus Barneby, Amer. has been collected near Sulphur Springs, a Midi. Nat. 41:499. 1949. spring northeast of Kremmling and west of Map 12 Hot Sulphur Springs. A proposed reservoir Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). north of Kremmling could extirpate many of Federal STATUS. —Category 2. the known localities. Recent intensive inven- The skiff milkvetch eluded collectors for so tories for the species have not significantly many years that the species was thought to be increased its known range. This species a waif at the roadside type locality near Gun- should be listed as endangered, and a listing

nison. Since the late 1960s, several small pop- package to that effect is pending approval

ulations have been found south of the Gun- (J. Anderson, personal communication). nison River in a small area adjacent to South Grand County: TIN R81W: Weber 4914, Beaver Creek (see Barrell 1969). The species 7/2/49 (COLO, KANU); T2N R81W: Beath & has been observed colonizing an area seeded Eppson s.n., 6/21/40 (RM); Eppson s.n., to crested wheatgrass. The effects of other 7/10/47 (MO, RM); Weber 4915, 7/2/49 habitat modifications, e.g., heavy grazing, are (COLO, KANU, RM); Neese & Grab 17181, not known. Populations may be affected by 6/9/85 (RM); Neese & Grab 17145, 7/10/85 444 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

(RM); Peterson & Baker 83-402, 7/9/83 (CS); viduals. Populations within the park should Osterhout 3038, 7/17/05 (Syntypes: COLO, be monitored for impacts from park use. Po- RM); Osterhout 3253, 6/9/06 (Syntype: RM); tential habitat outside the park may be threat- Ripley & Barneby 10516, 7/16/50 (RM). ened by grazing and by road construction as- sociated with Ute Mountain Ute Tribal Park Astragalus ripleyi Barneby, Leafl. West. Bot. development. The species is similar to 6: 175. 1952. Astragalus lonchocarpiis, although it is foliose with all leaves regularly odd-pinnate with Map 14 petiolate leaflets, whereas A. lonchocarpus Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). has leaves mostly reduced to rachises. Alice Federal status. —None. Eastwood first collected fragmentary material tall, yel- The Ripley milkvetch is a striking, of the species in 1890, but it was not described low-flowered milkvetch of the Rio Grande until 1945. Valley in Taos County, New Mexico, and from Montezuma County: T33N R15W: Neely the lower drainages of the Conejos River, 4487, 7/10/87 (CS); T33V2N R15W: Weber Conejos County, Colorado. In Colorado this 4823, 6/13/49 (COLO, KHD); Sears 1462, 6/ milkvetch grows in grassy ponderosa pine 16/77 (BRY); Welsh 3026, 6/12/64 (BRY); savannas, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and Welsh 3024, 6/12/64 (BRY); Bader 26, 5/12/29 sagebrush and rabbitbrush flats adjacent to (BRY, COLO); Iselv, Erdman & Iselv s.n., streams and rivers at elevations of 2,500 to 5/21/64 (BRY); Friedlander s.n., 6/15/80 (CS); 2,700 m. Most localities have been severely Erdman 458, 5/28/64 (COLO); Friedlander impacted by heavy grazing. Plants avoid her- 458, 6/5/65 (COLO); Eastwood s.n., 6/1890 bivory by growing within tall shrubs. Plants (COLO); Welsh & Welsh 1550, 6/6/61 (BRY); growing in the open, which are selectively Schmoll & Nusbaum 1555, 5/26/52 (Holotype: eaten by livestock, wildlife, or both, are rarely RM, Isotvpe: BRY); Nelson 10420, 5/12/25 seen. This species needs protection from graz- (MO, RM). ing. Category 2 status is recommended. Astragalus wetherillii M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 34. Conejos County: T32N R7E: O'Kane & 1893. Anderson 2531, 7/13/86 (COLO, CS); T33N Map 16 R6E: O'Kane & Anderson 2536, 7/13/86 (NY, Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). RM); T33N R7E: Ramaley & Johnson 14747, Synonym. —Phaca wetherillii Qones) Rydb. 6/22/35 (COLO); Weber 7788, 7/18/52 Federal STATUS. —Category 3C. (COLO, KANU, RM); T34N R7E: Anderson The Wetherill milkvetch is known from 87-165, 9/11/87 (COLO); Bye & Linares scattered localities in western Colorado. It 12923, 7/10/84 (COLO); T35N R7E: O'Kane grows in sagebrush, sagebrush-greasewood, & Anderson 2619, 8/19/86 (COLO, CS, RM); oakbrush, and juniper communities on steep T36N R6E: Weber & Salamun 12914, 7/14/65 slopes, canyon benches, and talus under cliff^s (COLO); O'Kane & Anderson 2540, 7/13/86 in sandy-clay to gravelly soils, usualK of the (COLO, CS, RM); O'Kane & Anderson 2601, Mancos and Wasatch formations, at elevations 8/18/86 (BRY, CS, RM). of 1,430 to 2,015 m. Jones (1923) reports an observation from the canyon of the Astragalus schmolliae C. L. Porter, Madroiio Eastwood Colorado east of Moab, Grand Count\', Utah. 8: 100. PI. 9, Figs. 4-7. 1945. This population, despite recent searches, has Map 15 not been re-collected and may represent a Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). waif carried downstream (R. Barneby, in cor- — rela- Synonym. A. platijcarpiis var. montezu- respondence to J. Anderson). Although mae Barneby. tively widespread, populations are infrcHiuent Federal status. —Category 2. and invariably consist of few individuals. Vari- The Schmoll milkvetch grows in sandy loam ous populations are threatened by oil and gas on mesas, slopes, and in drainage bottoms in development, overgrazing, road construc- pinyon-juniper woodlands at 1,830 to 2, 135 m tion, and other hai)itat modifications. This in elevation. It is limited to a small area in taxon, because of small population sizes and Mesa Verde National Park. Although popula- known threats, should be considered a Cate- tions are few, they often have numerous indi- gory 2 species. October 1988 OKanE: Colorado s Rare Flora 445

Garfield County: T5S R93W: Neese sites from which solifluction lobes capped 11278, 5/2/82 (BRY, CS); O'Kane 2446; 6/26/ with Dryas octopetala have slipped. This pio- 86 (CS, RM); Weber 3326, 5/17/47 (CS, neer habitat provides a place where seeds can KANU, RM); Welsh & Higgins 6228, 6/13/67 germinate and individuals can escape compe- (BRY); Welsh & Higgins 6235, 6/14/67 (BRY). tition. Individuals are occasionally found on Mesa County: Location obscure: Eastwood old roads associated with hardrock mining in s.n., 5/1892 (Type: MO, RM); T8S R97W: its highly mineralized habitat. Despite the Kass, Welsh & Welsh 1653, 5/16/84 (BRY, widespread occurrence of suitable habitat, RM); Welsh, Welsh & Kass 22816, 5/16/84 the species is infrequent and consists of small (BRY, RM); TIOS R97W: Kass, Welsh & populations (Neely and Carpenter 1986). Welsh 2023, 5/11/85 (BRY, RM); Welsh, Mining and ORV activity associated with old Welsh & Kass 23377, 5/11/85 (BRY, RM). mining roads are the most significant threats Moffat County: T6N R91W: Harrington to the species. This taxon may be synonymous 7202, 6/12/53 (CS). Montrose County: T49N with B. humilis var. humilis (Harris 1985), in R9W: Payson 682, 6/15/15 (RM); Payson 82, which case, although a biologically interesting

5/11/13 (RM). San Miguel County: Location disjunct, it should be downgraded to Cate- obscure: Brewster s.n., n.d. (CS). gory 3B. Chaffee County: T14S R81W: Neely Atriplex pleiantha W. A. Weber, Madrono 3170, 7/19/85 (CS, UTC); T15S R81W: Peter- 10: 189. 1950. son, Johnston & Anderson 82-56, 8/17/82

Map 17 (CS). Gunnison County: T13S R84W: Neely 3183, 7/24/85 (CS, UTC); T51N R3E: Neely Family. Chenopodiaceae. — 3174, 7/19/85 (CS, UTC); Neely 3174, 7/19/85 Federal status. Category 2. — (CS, UTC); Neely & Carpenter 3311, 8/18/85 The Four Corners orach is a rare Navajo (CS, UTC); Neely & Carpenter 3310, 8/18/85 Basin endemic of Montezuma County and im- (COLO, UTC);T51N R4E: Neely 3220a, 7/26/ mediately adjacent New Mexico and Utah. It 85 (CS, UTC); Neely 3211, 7/25/85 (CS, grows in salt desert scrub communities with UTC); Weber & Dixon 16332, 7/27/82 Atriplex on nearly barren clay knolls derived (COLO); Dixon 712, 7/21/81 (COLO); John- from Mancos shale. In Colorado the taxon ston, Peterson & Anderson 2614, 8/18/82 occurs from 1,490 to 1,650 m in elevation. (COLO). Park County: T8S R78W: Neely et This annual species experiences vast fluctua- al. 3141, 7/18/85 (CS, UTC); Yeatts 2069, 7/14/ tions in population density depending on an- 85 (KHD); Weber & Roloff 16328, 7/26/82 nual precipitation. Populations are threat- (BRY, COLO, CS, RM); Walter 28, 7/7/59 ened by oil and gas exploration, ORV use, (CS); Weber & Rolhns 6491, 7/7/51 (CS); and, in New Mexico, coal mining. Threatened O'Kane et al. 2171, 7/19/85 (CS); O'Kane or endangered status is recommended. 2144, 7/16/85 (CS); Rolhns & Weber 51288, Montezuma County: T32N R19W: Weber 8/7/51 (Isotypes: COLO, RM); Weber & Liv- 4788, 6/12/48 (Holotype: COLO, Isotypes: ingston 5153, 7/7/51 (COLO, RM); Weber CS, MO, RM); O'Kane, Anderson Flem- & 8753, 7/4/54 (COLO); T9S R78W: O'Kane ming 2022, 5/8/85 (CS); Weber 7651, 6/7/49 2152, 7/17/85 (CS); TIOS R78W: Neely 3125a, (COLO, KANU, MO); Anderson 85-35, 7/16/85 (CS, UTC). 6/8/85 (BRY). Cirsium ownbeyi Welsh, Great Basin Nat. 42: Braya humilis (C. A. Meyer) Robins, ssp. 200. 1982. ventosa Rollins, Rhodora55: 114. 1953. Map 19 Map 18 Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Federal status. —Category 2. Federal status. —Category 2. The Ownbey thistle is endemic to the east- Alpine braya occurs on tundra underlain ern Uinta Mountains in Utah and Cross with Leadville limestone or Manitou dolo- Mountain and Dinosaur National Monu- mite. Elevations range from 3,475 to 3,900 m. ment in Moffat County, Colorado. In Colo-

The species prefers slopes without late-lying rado it occurs in sandy soils of riparian areas in snowbanks and is found in small, open micro- otherwise dry canyons and, more typically, in 446 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 alcoves with seeps and under shaded cliffs. 7/7/86 (CS, RM, WIS); O'Kane, Anderson & WIS); In alcoves it is usually associated with Aquile- Dixon 2456, 7/7/86 (COLO, RM, T40N gia micrantha. The species, in Colorado, is RUE: O'Kane & Anderson 2484, 7/8/86 known only from drainages of the Yampa (COLO, CS); O'Kane & Anderson 2487, and Green rivers on outcrops of the Morgan 7/8/86 (CS, RM); Brandegee 1150, 8/1875 and Weber formations, and, less frequently, (COLO); Ramalev 15926, 8/3/36 (COLO); on Madison Limestone. Elevations range Ramalev 12216, 7/21/29 (COLO, RM); T40N Spellenberg Zucker 7850, 8/4/84 from 1,700 to 1,800 m. Inventories in 1987 R12E: & (ASU, CS, ID, MO, NMC, NY, RSA, UNM); and 1988 (S. O'Kane, personal communica- Anderson 2482, 7/8/86 (CS, NY, tion, T. Naumann, personal communication) O'Kane & Anderson 2469, 7/7/86 showed that the canyons of the Yampa River in RM, WIS); O'Kane & Dinosaur National Monument, the center of (COLO, CS, WIS). Costilla Count\': T30S Anderson 2493, 7/9/86 the range of this species, contain many popu- R73W: O'Kane & WIS); Ramaley 15745, 7/29/36 lations. Although populations are small, most (COLO, RM, County: T37N R8E: are not threatened due to their inaccessibility (COLO). Rio Grande 76, 8/9/74 (CS); Robinson C-1, 8/23/ to livestock and human activities. Johnson Moffat CouNT\': T6N R98W: Northcutt & 68 (CS); T39N R8E: Ramalev 15645, 7/23/36 Saguache Count\': T42N R8E: Bunin s.n., 9/19/78 (COLO); Neese & Smith (COLO). R8E: 12051, 7/25/82 (BRY, RM); T6N RIOIW: Ramaley 13039, 8/14/31 (COLO); T43N 7/14/86 O'Kane 2820, 5/19/87 (COLO, CS, Dinosaur O'Kane, Anderson & Dixon 2449, CS, WIS); Weber 11067, 7/12/60 Nat'l. Mon.); T6N R102W: O'Kane & (COLO, Roszczewski 3168, 6/26/87 (COLO, CS, Di- (BRY, COLO). nosaur Natl. Mon.). Cryptantha aperta (Eastw.) Payson, Bull. 1927. Cleome multicaulis Merino & Sesse ex DC, TorreyBot. Club 30: 241. 1903. 14:295.

Prod. 1: 240. 1824. Map 21 Map 20 Family. —Boraginaceae. Family. —Capparidaceae. Synonym. —Oreocanja aperta Eastw. Synonym. —C. sonorae A. Gray. Federal st.\tus. —Category 2*. Federal STATUS. —Category 2. The Grand Junction cats-eye, known only Slender spiderflower is a wetland species from the type locality collected in 1892 by occurring around the margins of lakes, ponds, Alice Eastwood, has not been rediscovered artesian wells, and sloughs in the San Luis and may be extinct. Habitat in and around Valley. Cleoine multicaulis grows with Carex, Grand Junction has been significanth' altered Juncus, and Triglochin a few meters back or eliminated for agriculture and urban devel- from the water in the moderately moist zone opment. However, the herbarium label prob- between a ring of Scirpus standing in water ably indicates the general locality, and the below and alkaline Sarcohatus flats above. Grand Junction cats-eye ma\ still occur in the Cleome also occurred in southeastern Ari- foothills surrounding the Grand Valley. Most zona, western Texas, New Mexico (a single Cryptantha species do not inhabit lowlands in collection), and south to Mexico City (the type this part ol (Colorado. locality). No modern collections outside the MesaCoi'N'IT: Location obscure: Eastwood San Luis Valley, other than a recent one irom s.n., 6/27/1892 (Holotvpe: CAS, I.sotype frag- Wyoming, are known. The Natrona County, ment: RM); Eastwood s.n. 5/17/92 (CALIF.). Wyoming, collection (Dorn 1988) is from the Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. var. margins of a man-made stock pond (R. Hart- inennis (K. Schum.) Arp, Monatsschr. Kakt. man, personal communication) where it was 6: 150. 1896. proliably brought in by migrating waterfowl. Map 22 Modification of wetland habitats is the great- est threat to the species. Family. —Cactaceae. Alamosa Counit: Location obscure: Bethel Synonyms. —Echinocereus melanacanthus s.n., 7/1897 (CS, RM); Hapeman s.n., 7/30/18 (Engelm.) L. Benson .sensu lat., E. phoe- (RM); T38N RIOE: Dixon 2103, 7/5/72 (CS); niceus Engelm. var. inennis Schum., E. coc- T38N RUE: O'Kane, Anderson & Di.\on 2450, cineus Engelm. var. inennis (Schum.) Purpus. .

October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 447

Federal status. —Endangered. 8/17/78 (BRY); T46N R19W: Ratzloff & Crowe The spineless hedgehog cactus, hke the 218, 8/30/77 (COLO); Ratzloff s.n., 8/17/78 typical variety, has a stunning scarlet red (BRY); Ratzloffs.n., 4/29/78 (BRY). flower. The spineless form has been subject to Eriogonum brandegei Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. commercial exploitation. Other threats in- 220, 1061. 1917. clude chaining of rangeland, trampling by cat- Map 24 tle, and habitat destruction for energy devel- opment. In Colorado the spineless variety FAM I LY . —Polygonaceae occurs in Mesa, Delta, Montrose, and San Synonym. —Eriogonum spathulatum Gray Miguel counties and grows in pinyon-juniper var. brandegei (Rydb.) Stokes. woodlands, often in the duff^and partial shade Federal STATUS. —Category 2. under pinyon and juniper trees at elevations The Brandegee buckwheat was once known of 1,800 to 2,800 m. Soils are coarse and shal- only from a small population collected by T. S. low and are usually derived from sandstone, Brandegee near the Garden Park Dinosaur often the Dakota sandstone. Welsh et al. Quarry near Canyon City, Fremont County. (1987) place this taxon in var. melanacanthtis Reveal and Davidse located a small popula- (Engelm.) L. Benson because there appears tion near Salida, Chaffee County, in 1967. to be a cline from eastern Utah to western Since then several large populations have Colorado of plants with dense spines to those been located around Salida, growing on bar- with no spines at all. In Colorado spineless ren slopes of lucustrine alluvium of the Dry plants have been observed growing with the Union Formation at elevations of 2,200 to spined form. The taxon might better be 2,560 m. Searches at the Garden Park locality treated as a forma rather than as a variety have yielded only one new population; here (Wittmann et al. 1988, Welsh et al. 1987), in plants grow on the Morrison Formation at which case it should be downgraded to Cate- 1,760 to 1,975 m in elevation. The Arkansas gory 3B. River canyon, cut through igneous rocks, di- Mesa County: Location obscure: Oster- vides the two areas of occurrence by 50 miles. hout 6572, 6/18/26 (COLO); TIS R2W: Reveal (1969) should be consulted for a de- Weber, Wittman & Rector 16128, 5/31/82 scription employing more important charac- (COLO); T13S R97W: Neese & Abbott ters than those given in the original descrip- 13577, 6/15/83 (BRY); T14S RIOIW: Arp tion. Bentonite mining threatens one of the 1019, 6/20/70 (COLO); Arp 1020, 6/20/70 two Garden Park populations, but the exten- (COLO). Montrose County: T51N R13W: sive populations near Salida have no current Arp 1695, 8/4/71 (COLO, RM). threats, except that increased development for mountain homes around Salida could pose Erigeron kachinensis Welsh & Moore, Proc. a significant threat to the species in the future. Utah Acad. Sci. 45:231. 1968. A specimen taken from "South Park," Park Map 23 County (Kelly 507), probably has an incorrect Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). location. Repeated searches in South Park Federal status. —Category 2. have located neither the species nor suitable The kachina daisy is a Colorado Plateau habitat. Kelly, passing through South Park on endemic growing in hanging gardens, seeps, his way to Cortez, probably collected the spe- and shaded alcoves of otherwise dry slickrock cies near Salida. Letterman s.n., a particu- canyons in San Juan County, Utah, and Mon- larly wooly pubescent collection taken in trose County, Colorado. It is often found with 1884, gives "Colorado Springs" as the collec- Mimulus eastwoodiae at about 1,575 m in ele- tion locality. vation. The species is apparently very rare in Chaffee County: T50N R8E: O'Kane Colorado, but new populations are infre- 2208, 7/31/85 (COLO, CS); O'Kane & Ander- quently found in both Colorado and Utah. son 2219, 8/2/85 (CS); O'Kane & Anderson The inaccessibility of much of its habitat pro- 2216, 8/1/85 (COLO, CS); O'Kane & Ander- vides the species some protection but also son 2215, 8/1/85 (COLO, CS); O'Kane & An- makes new populations difficult to locate. derson 2212, 8/1/85 (COLO, CS); T51N R8E: Montrose County: T45N R18W: Ratz- Johnston & Lucas 1888, 8/11/78 (RM); John- lofri07, 4/29/78 (COLO, CS); Ratzloff s.n.. ston, Hendzel & Eager 2775, 10/12/83 (RM); .

448 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

O'Kane 2192, 7/29/85 (CS); Neese 15929, black sage is the dominant species. Penstemon 7/16/84 (BRY, CS, RM); Johnston 1864, retrorsus, a Category 1 species, is a common 7/31/78 (COLO, CS); Reveal & Davidse 868, associate. Prior to 1984, E. pelinophilum was 8/22/67 (BRY, CS, RM). ElPasoCount\': Lo- known only from the type locality near cation obscure: Letterman s.n., 7/25/1884 Hotchkiss, adjacent to a heavily grazed horse (MO). Fremont County: T17S R70W: Neese pasture. Intensive searches have since located 15937, 7/17/84 (BRY, RM); Neese 15949, 7/17/ several large populations. The species is 84 (BRY); Neese 15946, 7/17/84 (BRY, CS, threatened by livestock grazing, habitat modi- RM); Neese 15963, 7/18/84 (BRY); O'Kane fication for agriculture and housing develop- 2196, 7/29/85 (CS); O'Kane & Anderson 2193, ments, oil and gas exploration, the construc- 7/29/85 (COLO, CS). Park County?: Loca- tion of irrigation ditches, and ORV activity. tion obscure: Kelly 507, 6/28/47 (COLO). Delta CouNTi': T14S R94W: Gentry 2283, 7/23/55 (COLO); Neese 13236, 5/10/83 (CS); clavellatum Small, Bull. Torrey Eriogonum Ratzloff s.n., 6/21/78 (COLO); Reveal & Re- 1898. Bot. Club 25: 48. veal 2780, 7/16/72 (Isotypes: BRY, COLO, Map 25 MO, RM); T15S R94W: Neese 15792, 6/20/84 Fam ILY. —Polygonaceae (CS); T51N RlOW: Neese 15784, 6/20/84 (CS). Federal STATUS. —Category 3C. Montrose County: T48N R9W: Neelv 2950, The Comb Wash buckwheat is a Colorado 6/20/85 (CS, UTC); T48N R9W: Neelv 2962, Plateau endemic growing on sites in Colorado 6/20/85 (CS, UTC); Neelv 2969, 6/20/85 (CS, identical to those supporting A^fraga/us cron- UTC); T49N R8W: Neely 2983, 6/27/85 (CS, qiiistii, with which it is occasionally found. UTC); Neese 15968, 7/19/84 (CS); Neese The species occurs in shadscale communities 15800, 7/12/84 (CS); T49N R9W: Neese on fine soils derived fi-om the Mancos shale at 15796, 6/22/84 (CS); Neese 15967, 7/19/84 about 1,750 m in elevation. Known occur- (CS); T49N RlOW: Neese 15795, 6/21/84 (CS); rences in Colorado are threatened by road T51N R9W: Neelv 2892, 6/16/85 (COLO, CS, construction, by exploration for oil and gas, UTC); Neelv & O'Kane 2943, 6/19/85 (CS, and by a proposed system of irrigation canals UTC); O'Kane & Neely 2087, 6/19/85 (COLO, on the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation in the CS); O'Kane & Neely 2088, 6/19/85 (COLO, southwest corner of Montezuma County. The CS). species is also known from adjacent San Juan Eutrema penlandii Rollins, Contr. Gray County as far west as Comb Wash. This spe- Herb. 171:51. 1950. cies, because of its limited range, few popula- Map 27 tions, and known threats, should be consid- ered a Category 2 candidate for federal listing. Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Additional fieldwork for the species is Synonynl —Eutrema edwardsii R. Brown needed. ssp. penlandii (Rollins) W. A. Weber. Montezuma County: T331/2N R18W: Federal st.\tus. —Category 3C. O'Kane & Anderson 2344, 5/15/86 (COLO, Penlands eutrema, an alpine species of CS); T33N R19W: Harrington 10103, 6/19/68 moss\' bogs perched on outcrops of Leadville (CS). limestone or Manitou dolomite, grows in the Mosquito Range and on Hoosier Ridge. Ele- Reveal, Great Basin Eriogonum pelinophilum vations range from 3,660 to 4,260 m. The Nat. 33: 120-122. 1973. species is known from few populations, most Map 26 of which are threatened because of their prox- Family. —Polygonaceae. imity to active mines or mining claims. Min- Federal STATUS. —Endangered. ing activities that alter hydrologic regimes can The clay-loving buckwheat is limited to an destro) the fragile alpine wetlands re(}uired area from Montrose to Delta and Hotchkiss by the species; e.g., habitat of a known popu- where it grows on barren adobe hills derived lation on Pennsylvania Mountain was recently from Mancos shale in Artemisia nova and ditched to supply water to a nearby mine. Atriplex corrugata conununities at elevations Populations generally consist of few indi\'idu- of 1,600 to 1,910 m. The species prefers shal- als. (Careful searches in 1986 of six known low swales surrounded by shadscale where localities revealed that only two of these sites October 1988 OKane; Colorado's FUre Flora 449

still contained individuals of the species, al- 7/5/76 (COLO, UTC); O'Kane & Anderson beit small size and the possibility that individ- 2425, 6/11/86 (RM); Painter, Emrich & Ben- uals may not appear in a given year may have der 54, 7/17/78 (COLO, CS); T7S R97W: prevented plants from being located. Because Irvine & Gregory 34, 7/75 (COLO); Painter, of rarity, small populations, fragile habitat, Emrich & Pease 25, 7/14/78 (COLO, CS, and current and potential threats, the species' RM). Rio Blanco County: T3S R95W: Baker status should be raised to Category 2. & Sigstedt 82-264, 7/2/82 (CS); Kelley, Baker ParkCoun-H': T8S R77W: Hulten & Weber & Sigstedt 82-19A, 6/30/82 (CS); Neese et al. 11041, 7/10/59 (COLO); Johnston & Lucas 11979, 7/10/82 (BRY); Smith et al. 1814, 1351, 7/21/77 (RM); Lucas & Johnston s.n., 7/10/82 (BRY, COLO, RM, UTC);T4S R94W: 7/21/77 (CS); Penland 3909, 7/26/49 (GH); Kelley & Sigstedt 82-71, 7/8/82 (CS); Neese Penland 1305, 7/27/35 (COLO, GH); Weber et al. 11982, 7/10/82 (BRY); Weber 17810, & Rollins 51291, 8/8/51 (COLO, RM); T9S 7/8/86 (COLO); Weber 15977, 6/21/81 (COLO); Wilev 7/24/79 R78W: O'Kane 2157, 7/18/85 (CS); Weber & England 429, (BRY); Wilken 13343, 7/14/67 (COLO); T9S R79W: O'Kane 13567, 9/22/79 (CS); T4S R95W: Baker & Naumann 82-269, 7/6/82 & Anderson 2572, 8/6/86 (CS); TIOS R78W: (BRY, COLO, CS); Kelley Sigstedt 82-61, Weber 13315, 7/12/67 (COLO). Summit & 7/7/82 (CS); T5S R98W: Ellis & Hackney s.n., CoUNTi': T8S R77W: Johnston, Lucas & Ben- 7/13/80 (CS). jamin 1878, 7/27/78 (COLO).

Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper, Bot. Gaz. 6: 296. Festuca dasyclada Hackel ex Beal, Grasses N. 1881. Amer. 2: 602. 1896. Map 29 Map 28 Family. —Poaceae (Gramineae). Family. Poaceae (Gramineae). — Synonyms. —Melica hallii Vasey, F. sca- Synonym. —Argillochloa dasydada (Hackel brella Torr. in Hook, sensu lat., Festuca ex Beal) W. A. Weber. altaica Trin. ssp. hallii (Vasey) Harms. Federal status. Category 2. — Federal status. —Category 2. The Utah fescue grows on outcrops of In Colorado, Halls fescue grows in alpine Green River shale on barren scree slopes or in tundra with Kobresia and in subalpine grass- sparsely vegetated communities dominated lands. The highest stations for the species are by Pseudotstiga inenziesii at elevations of found in Colorado. The species, once thought 1,890 to 2,745 m. The species is apparently to be limited to Colorado, occurs across the rare in Utah. Colorado hosts many popula- northern Great Plains of North Dakota and tions, but they are restricted to the Piceance Canada, extends down the Rocky Mountain Basin and to the Roan Plateau. The major Cordillera through Montana, Wyoming, and

threat to the species is the mining of oil shale, Colorado, and is apparently disjunct near although ORVs, domestic livestock grazing, Thunder Bay, Ontario (Dorn 1988, Harms and road construction also impact the species. 1985, Pavlick and Looman 1984). In Colorado Unless oil shale extraction drastically in- the species is apparently rare and may be creases in the future, the species is not threat- disjunct (Weber 1961, 1987). This taxon, be- ened with significant habitat loss. An oil shale cause it is widespread and is apparently not company has used the species for revegetation threatened in a significant portion of its range, of disturbed sites. This species should be should be downgraded to Category 3C. downgraded to Category 3C. Location obscurE: Hall & Harbour 621, Garfield County: T4S R96W: Popp & n.d. (NY, US). Larimer County: T8S R76W: Riefler 82-372, 7/13/82 (CS); T5S R95W: Weber & Pickford 9694, 8/25/56 (COLO). Harner s.n., 7/16/83 (COLO); Keammerer & Huerfano County: T31S R68W: Weber & Keammerer s.n., 7/28/78 (COLO); T5S Wingate 15442, 7/6/78 (COLO, RM). R96W: Clark s.n., 8/82 (COLO); Kaemmerer & Kaemmerer s.n., 7/26/78 (COLO, RM); Frasera coloradensis (C. M. Rodgers) D. M. T6S R94W: Irvine & Chichester 193, 7/15/76 Post, Madrorio 10: 108. 1949. (BRY, COLO); Mase 1241, 7/16/81 (CS); T6S Map 30 R95W: Nicholas 158, 7/17/81 (CS); Woods Family. —Gentianaceae. s.n., 7/7/81 (COLO); T7S R96W: Irvine 171, Synonym. —Swertia coloradensis Rogers. 1

450 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Federal STATUS. —Category 2. ously known only from a small area near the The Colorado gentian is endemic to south- Colorado-Wyoming border in Larimer and eastern Colorado where it grows on sparsely Weld counties and Sedalia in Adams County vegetated slopes and disturbed sites covered (J. Anderson, personal communication). Pop- with gravel derived from Greenhorn lime- ulations near the foothills in Larimer County stone. It is associated with typical grassland have not been seen since 1944. Recent sur- species and, occasionally, with J uniperiis. El- veys, however, located several populations in evations range from 1,220 to 1,650 m. The Laramie County, Wyoming, the southwest- species is apparently negatively impacted by ern corner of Nebraska, and near the Colo- domestic livestock grazing. A recent survey in rado-Wyoming border in Weld County, Colo- Colorado located several new populations; rado. Two "populations' are known from however, outcrops of Greenhorn limestone in Boulder County: just north of Boulder on a adjacent New Mexico, where the species is disturbed roadside and further east on the expected, were not searched. plains. The first consisted of a single individ- Baca County: T28S R46W: Kuhn 494, 6/ ual and the latter was transplanted there in 23/87 (COLO); Kuhn 619, 9/2/87 (CS); Kuhn the late 1970s. The species is probably im- 541, 6/29/87 (CS); T28S R48W: Kuhn 527, pacted by domestic livestock grazing, and 6/25/87 (CS); T28S R49W: Kuhn 522, 6/25/87 several populations in Wyoming may be im- (COLO); T29S R50W: Kuhn 510, 6/24/87 pacted by development at military installa- (COLO); T30S R50W: Kuhn 556, 7/2/87 (CS); tions. The species occupies moist meadows T31S R49W: Kuhn 554, 7/2/87 (CS); T33S and gentle mid-slopes just above drainages R50W: Kuhn 553, 7/2/87 (CS); Johnston 2441, and below the drier uplands at elevations from 6/16/81 (COLO); Johnston 2446, 6/16/81 about 1,790 to 1,890 m. It is frequently associ- (COLO); Locklear 7, 6/5/86 (COLO, KANU, ated with species ofScirpus and Carex. NEB); Rogers 6423, 9/8/48 (COLO, MICH). Boulder County: TIN R71W: Weber & Bent County: T26S R48W: Kuhn 548, 7/1/87 Phipps 17471, 9/22/84 (COLO, CS, RM). (CS); T26W R49W: Kuhn 524, 6/24/87 (CS); Larimer County: Location obscure: Cowan T27S R49W: Kuhn 523, 6/24/87 (COLO). Las 1632, 7/1/95 (COCO, CS, US); Harrington Animas County: T29S R51W: Kuhn 511, 6/24/ 543, 8/4/44 (COLO, CS); T7N R68W: Cowan 87 (COLO); T30S R53VV: Kuhn 550, 7/1/87 s.n., 7/8/1895 (Holotvpe: NY; Isotype: GH); (CS); T31S R51W: Kuhn 552, 7/1/87 (CS); Cowan & Crandall 1308, n.d. (ISC, NY). Johnston 2450, 6/16/81 (COLO); Locklear 10, Weld County: TUN R67W: Neese 16023, 9/9/86 (COLO, KANU, NEB); T31S R52W: 8/4/84 (BRY, CS); Neese, Peterson & An- Johnston 2449, 6/16/81 (COLO); Rogers 4951, drews 15969, 8/1/84 (CS); T12N R67W: Neese 7/20/47 (COLO, MICH);T33S R51W: Rogers & Andrews 16057, 8/14/84 (CS); Porter 9690, 6110, 6/29/48 (COLO, MICH). Prowers 8/64 (DS, MSC, RM, RSA). County: T25S R46W: Harrington 3481, 7/13/ 47 (CS); Porter 4300, 7/13/47 (C:()L(), MO, Hackelia ^racilenta (Eastw.) I. M. Johnston, RM); T26S R46N: Johnston 2424, 6/15/81 Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 46. 1923. (COLO); Harrington 9864, 6/9/65 (CS); Lock- Map 32 lear 9, 9/9/86 (KANU, NEB); Weber 5082, FAM I LY . —Boraginaceae. 8/28/49 (C:OLO); T26S R47W: Kuhn 549, 7/1/ Synonym. —Lappula ^racilcnta Eastw. 87(CS);T27S R45W: McGregor 34856, 9/7/83 Federal STATUS. None. (KANU). — Uachclia firacilcnta is endemic to a small

National Park where it Gaura neomexicana Woot. ssp. coloradensis area in Mesa Verde grows in loamy or sandy .soils of mesas, slopes, (Rydb.) Raven & Gregory, Bull. Torrev Bot. bottoms. It j)refers the accumu- Club65: 114. 1938. and drainage lated litter beneath stands o^Qucrcus ^ambe- Map 3 lii or pin\'on and juniper. Elevations range Family. —Onagraceae. from 1,830 to 2,010 m. No threats are known, Synonym. —Gaura coloradensis Rydb. but potential habitat outside the park in the Federal STATUS. —Category 1. Ute Mountain I'te Tribal Park may be threat- The Colorado butterflyweed was previ- ened by grazing and b\ road construction for , —

October 1988 OKanE: C()i,oradosRahf, Flora 451

park development. This species, like other In Colorado the Intermountain bitterweed Mesa Verde endemics of extremely limited is found at elevations from 2,600 to 2,725 m

distribution, should be considered a Category where it grows on grassy tloodplain terraces 2 species. Inventories of national park and above creeks and below forested hillsides. adjacent tribal lands are needed. This species resembles hielenium (Diigaldia) Montezuma County': T33.5N R15W: hoopesii Gray—hence the specific epithet Friedlander s.n., 6/15/80 (CS); Friedlander but differs from that taxon by its shorter s.n., 6/22/80 (CS); Mesa Verde Explorers' stature, smaller capitula, and divided leaves.

Camp 146, 7/6/44 (CS); Nelson 10414, 5/12/25 The species in Colorado is known from La (MO, RM); Schmoll & Nusbaum 1660, 6/1/25 Veta Pass, in Costilla County, and from near (RM); T34N R15W: Erdman 46, 6/16/59 Slumgullion Pass, Hinsdale County. In 1987 (COLO); Buder 89, 6/8/29 (COLO); Eastwood John Anderson relocated these populations, s.n., 6/1890 (COLO); Reveal, Gentry & which have not been seen since 1900 and Davidse 843, 6/9/67 (COLO, KANU, NY, 1940, respectively. Sangre de Cristo Creek

RM); Weber 8711, 6/9/54 (COLO). near La Veta Pass is the type locality. Several populations are known from the Wasatch and Haplopappus fremontii A. Gray ssp. mono- Aquarius plateaus in central Utah, one from cephalus (A. Nels.) H. M. Hall, Gen. Haplo- the Chuska Mountains of San Juan County, pappus 87. 1928. New Mexico (Anderson & Heil 87-174 ASU), Map 33 and three from the Lukachukai Mountains of Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). Apache County, Arizona (Anderson & Heil Synonym. —Oonopsis monocephala A. Nels. 87-126, 87-141 & 87-142 ASU). Arizona and Federal STATUS. —Category 2. New Mexico populations occur in openings in Haplopappus fremontii ssp. monocephalus ponderosa pine-oak-aspen forests; in Utah has a relatively large range. Furthermore, it is the species grows on dry .sagebrush-covered probably not a good subspecies (G. Brown, mounds within dry sedge meadows. Popula- personal communication, W. A. Weber, per- tions of the species invariably consist of few sonal communication). Populations are known individuals, often fewer than a dozen. The to contain both single- and multi-headed indi- habitat of the species, because of its high for- viduals. I have seen mixed specimens as well age value, is usually grazed by domestic live- as specimens of the typical variety and var. stock. Because populations invariably consist monocephalus from the same locality col- of few individuals, are infrequently found lected by the same person on the same day. across a large geographical area containing Status should be changed to Category 3B. The much potential habitat, have inviable pollen, taxon grows in clayey soils, often derived from and are found with both Hijmenoxijs richard- the Morrison Formation, in the juniper zone sonii and Helenium hoopesii, Hymenoxys he-

in south central and southeastern Colorado. lenioides may be of sporadic hybrid origin (J. Fremont County: T17S R70W: Neese Anderson, unpublished data, personal com- 15948, 7/17/84 (CS); T18S R68W: Weber munication). 8569, 5/21/49 (COLO); T18S R70W: Neese Costilla County: T28S R70W: Anderson 15961, 7/18/84 (RM); T19S R69W: Weber & 87-105, 7/22/87 (COLO). T29S R71W: Ryd- Hogan 17537, 8/24/85 (COLO, RM). LasAnl berg & Vreeland 5495, 7/2/1900 (Holotype: MAS County: T31S R61W: Archibald s.n., NY, Isotype: RM); Anderson 87-116, 7/23/87 1902 (COLO); Archibald A257, 1900 (Iso- (CS). Hinsdale County: T44N R3W: Pen- types: COLO, RM); T33S R60W: Brooks land 1548, 7/7/40 (COCO). 14334, 7/11/79 (MO). Ipomopsis globularis (Brand) W. A. Weber, Hymenoxys helenioides (Rydb.) Cockerel!, Pflanzenreich, 4, Fam. 250: 120. 1907.

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 481. 1904. Map .35 Map 34 Family. —. Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). Synonyms. —Gilia spicata Nutt. var. capi- Synonyms. —Picradenia helenioides Rydb. tata A. Gray, G. cephaloidea Rydb. of manu- Du^aldia helenioides (Rydb.) A. Nels. als, G. globularis Brand. Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Federal STATUS. —Category 3C. 452 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Globe gilia is a showy endemic of the 2, 170 m. The few known populations have low Mosquito Range, adjacent Hoosier Ridge, population densities. Threats include resi- and Boreas Pass where it grows on barer spots dential and commercial development in the in gravelly tundra and loose talus at elevations Pagosa Springs area associated with airport of 3,475 to 3,965 m. It is often interspersed expansion, and increased recreational use of with caespitose Salix species and Dryas oc- public lands in conjunction with two proposed topetala. The habitat of this species is usually ski facilities located nearby. Grazing may also underlain with heavily mineralized Leadville impact the species. The species may be an limestone or Manitou dolomite. Mining and early successional species, as it is occasionally four-wheel-drive recreation present the ma- seen growing on older road cutbanks. The jor threats to the species. Although not in effects of continual or catastrophic distur- of immediate large-scale habitat loss, danger bance are not known. Field surveys are still this species should be monitored for de- needed to document the limited range of the creases in population size and for habitat de- species, but unless additional populations are struction. found, it should be considered a candidate for Location OBSCURE: Brandegee s.n., 1871 listing as a threatened species. (COLO); LAKE: TIOS R79W: Lewis 1741, Archuleta Count\ : T34N R3W: O'Kane 8/3/80 (US). Park County: T7S R77W: Lewis 2077, 8/5/85 (COLO, CS); T35N RIW: Har- 1685, 7/31/80 (US); T8S R77W: Crandall s.n., rington 8242, 6/13/56 (CS); Harrington 9981, 7/31/95 (CS); Johnston & Kurling 136, 7/31/75 6/14/67 (CS); Higgins 3574, 7/3/70 (BRY); (COLO); Johnston & Lucas 7, 7/21/77 (CS); O'Kane 2079, 6/5/85 (CS); O'Kane & Ander- Lewis 1578, 7/29/80 (US); Lewis 1872, 7/29/80 son 2081, 6/5/85 (COLO, CS); Weber & Liv- (US); Wojciechowski 1032, 7/23/80 (US); T8S ingston 6334, 6/20/51 (COLO, CS, MO); R78W: Hall & Harbour 461, n.d. (Isotypes: T35N R2W: Bethel 7683, 7/2/17 (CS, RM); GH, US); Huestis s.n., 8/14/05 (COLO, CS); Bethel s.n., 6/29/20 (CS); Bethel, Willev & Johnston 2369, 7/18/80 (COLO); Lewis 1505, Clokey 4251, 6/30/21 (COLO, MO, RM); 7/25/80 (US); Lewis 1767, 8/23/80 (US); Smith 23, 7/20/1873 (COLO); Baker 538, O'Kane 2141, 7/16/85 (CS); O'Kane 2120, 7/ 7/28/1899 (MO). 15/85 (CS); O'Kane 2174, 7/19/85 (CS); Yeatts 2067, 7/14/85 (KHD); T9S R78W: O'Kane Lesqtierella congesta Rollins, Contr. Grav 7/17/85 (CS); TIOS 2153, R78W: Neely 3068, Herb. 214: 8. 1984. 7/9/85 (CS); Neely & Johnston 3098, 7/16/85 Map 37 (CS); TIOS R79W: Pillmore s.n., 8/13/55 (CS). Summit County: T7S R77W: Cowan 1810, Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). 8/2/95 (CS); Cowan & Crandall s.n., 8/2/95 Federal STATUS. —Category 2. (CS); Nelson 1052, 8/1/72 (CS); Wojcie- The recently described Dudley Bluffs blad- chowski 1137, 7/31/80 (US); T8S R77W: derpod is an extremely rare endemic of the

Weber & Thornburg 4450, 8/31/48 (COLO, Piceance Basin where it grows on barren out- CS); T8S R78W: Komarkova s.n., 8/17/73 crops of the Thirteen Mile Creek Tongue of

(COLO). the Green River shale where it abuts the Uinta Formation on ridgetops, benches, and Ipomopsis polyantha (Rydb.) V. Grant var. snouts of ridges. The taxon inhabits harsh sites polyantha. Bull. Torrev Bot. Club 31: 634. which, because of sparse vegetation, exposed 1904. topographic positions, and light-colored sub- Map 36 strate, have a high-incident solar radiation. Family. —Polemoniaceae. Sites are characterized by a paxement of small Synonym. —Gilia polyantha Rydb. var. shale fragments. Astragalus lutosus, Machae- polyantha. ranthera grindelioidcs, and Aftcmisia are al- Federal STATUS. —Category 2. ways present. Elevations range from 1,870 to The Pagosa gilia is endemic to the area im- 2,025 m. Habitat d(\structi()n associated with mediately surrounding Pagosa Springs where oil shale extraction is the greatest potential it grows on gray, fine-textured soils derived threat to the species. Recent surveys provide from Mancos shale in oak and pondcrosa enough information to list the species as communities. Elevations range from 2,070 to threatened or endangered. October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado's Rare Flora 453

Rio Blanco County: Location obscure: Wiley-Eberle 1021, 7/27/83 (CS, RM); T3S Weber 10895, 5/16/59 (COLO); TIN R98W: RIOOW: Baker & Sigstedt 82-308, 7/21/82 O'Kane 2418, 6/5/86 (COLO, GH); TIS (Holotype: GH; Isotype: CS); Painter, Em- R97W: O'Kane 2402, 6/2/86 (COLO, CS); rich & Pease 132, 7/24/78 (CS); Peterson & O'Kane & Sigstedt 82-125, 5/19/82 (CS, RM); Naumann 82-4, 7/16/82 (COLO, CS, RM); TIS R98W: O'Kane 2417, 6/5/86 (COLO, Peterson et al. 1141, 7/5/78 (CS); Wilken GH); Walker & Sigstedt 82-31, 5/31/82 (CS); 13866, 7/14/82 (COLO, CS, GH, RM). Mesa Walker, Waters & Riefler 82-108, 6/2/82 County: T8S R95W: Anderson 87-87, 7/15/ (COLO, CS); T2S R97W: Baker & Naumann 87 (COLO, CS). 82-191, 6/11/82 (CS); Rollins & Rollins 8394, Lesquerella pruinosa Greene, Pitt. 4: 307- 6/30/83 (Isotypes: COLO, CS, MO, RM). 308. 1901. Lesquerella parviflora Rollins, Arn. Arb. J. Map 39 64: 506-507. 1983. Map 38 Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). The Pagosa bladderpod is endemic to the Federal STATUS. —Category 2. area around Pagosa Springs where it grows in The Piceance bladderpod is endemic to fine-textured soils derived from Mancos shale outcrops of Green River shale in the Piceance at elevations of 2,095 to 2,290 m. This area is Basin and escarpments of the Roan Plateau being increasingly impacted by residential and Battlement Mesa. It grows on barren and commercial development associated with ridgetops above steep, shifting talus slopes airport expansion, out-of-state vacationer and on unstable, oakbrush-covered side homes, and land speculation related to two slopes. Elevations range from 1,905 to 2,625 proposed ski areas near Wolf Creek Pass. The m. Several populations growing adjacent to species is found on open shale slopes in oak- roads may be impacted by road maintenance brush communities and, less frequently, open and by ORVs leaving established rights-of- stands of ponderosa. Known threats and lim- way. Oil shale extraction could severely affect ited distribution qualify the species as a several other populations. The type locality threatened species, although more fieldwork was recently patented by a shale-oil producer. is needed before a final determination can be The species, like Lesquerella congesta, Pen- made. stemon debilis, Physaria obcordata, and Thal- Archuleta County: T34N RIW: Johnston ictrum heliophilutn, was discovered during & Lucas 1724, 6/21/78 (COLO, RM); O'Kane botanical inventories of areas containing high- 2080, 6/5/85 (COLO, CS); O'Kane & Ander- quality oil shale. A recent survey indicates son 2072b, 6/4/85 (CS); T34N R2W: O'Kane that the species is more abundant and wide- 2068, 6/4/85 (COLO, CS); T34N R3W: spread on the Roan Plateau than previously O'Kane 2648, 4/5/87 (RM); O'Kane & John- thought (Mountain West Environmental Ser- ston 2078, 6/5/85 (CS); T35N RIW: Bethel vices 1987). s.n., 7/4/17 (CS, MO, RM); Bethel s.n., Garfield County: T5S RIOOW: Kelley 6/30/21 (CS); Bethel, Willey & Clokey 4132, 83-134, 8/3/83 (CS). Rio Blanco County: 6/29/21 (RM); Johnston & Lucas 1719, 6/20/78 TIN R99W: O'Kane 2436, 6/15/86 (COLO); (RM); O'Kane 2063, 6/4/85 (CS); Penland, O'Kane 2433, 6/15/86 (COLO, BRY); O'Kane Brown & Hartwell 2119, 6/15/48 (KHD); 2427, 6/14/86 (COLO, GH); TIS R96W: 035N R2W: Schmoll 1077, 6/16/24 (COLO, Baker & Naumann 82-231, 6/25/82 (CS, GH); RM). TIS RIOOW: Kelley & Naumann 82-155, 7/ 22/82 (CS, GH); T2S R95W: O'Kane 2405, Lomatium concinnum (Osterh.) Mathias, 6/3/86 (COLO, CS, RM); O'Kane 2403, 6/3/86 Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 25: 276. 1937. (COLO, NY); O'Kane 2407, 6/3/86 (COLO, Map 40 BRY); T2S R96W: Walker & Naumann 82-213, 6/16/82 (CS); T2S RIOOW: O'Kane Family. —Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). 2447, 6/28/86 (COLO, GH); T3S R99W: Synonym. —Cogswellia concinna Osterh. O'Kane & O'Kane 2095, 6/27/85 (CS); Rollins Federal status. —Category 2. & Rolhns 8395, 6/20/83 (BRY, CS, GH, RM); The Colorado desert-parsley is endemic to 454 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 the barren adobes and pinyon-juniper cov- pleted and threats, if any, to other populations ered hills of Mancos shale from south of Mon- are identified. trose to Delta and Hotchkiss. The species Mesa County: TIS RIW: Neese 13274, grows in mat saltbush communities at eleva- 5/13/83 (BRY, CS, RM); Siplivinskv 3298, tions of 1,635 to 1,920 m and up to 2, 120 m in 5/19/82 (COLO); TIS R2W: Rector 6, 7/12/80 pinyon and juniper. It is known to occur with (COLO); Riplev & Barnebv 5443, 5/23/43 Penstemon retrorsiis, a Category 1 species, (RM); Weber 15804, 5/24/80 (COLO); T2S and Eriogonutn pelinophilum, an endangered R2W: Anderson 372, 5/15/82 (BRY); TllS species. The species is threatened with habi- R102W: Anderson s.n., 7/19/84 (BRY); Rector tat modification and destruction resulting s.n., 8/30/80 (COLO, CS, RM); Weber & Rec- from residential and agricultural develop- tor 16641, 5/26/83 (COLO, CS, RM); T12S ment, canal systems, oil and gas exploration, RIOIW: Siplivinsky 5033, 8/29/82 (COLO). and ORV use. Searches for this species are Lupinus crassus Payson, Bot. Gaz. 60: 376. required to determine its status as few speci- 1915. mens exist, most of these being at least 75 years old. Map 42 Delta Count\': Location obscure: Purpus Family. —Fabaceae (Leguminosae). 5/1892 (F); Purpus 587, 5/1893 (F); T14S 51, Federal status. —Category 2. R91W: Neese 13245, 5/11/83 (BRY, CS); Os- The Paradox lupine is known only from terhout 4515, 5/21/11 (Isotype: COLO); T14S western Montrose County where it grows at R92W: Neese 13257, 5/11/83 (BRY, CS); T14S elevations of 1,530 to 1,825 m. The species is R93W: Elhs s.n., 5/27/78 (CS); T14S R94W: usually found growing beneath junipers on Neese 13267, 5/12/83 (BRY, CS, RM); T15S fairly open ground but may also be found in R93W: Neese 13262, 5/11/83 (BRY, CS). Gun- stands of mixed pinyon and juniper. Soils are nison County: Location obscure: Baker 22, usually sandy and are derived from the Chinle 6/6/01 (MO, RM). Montrose County': T49N formation. Plants are, however, occasionally 5/30/52 R8W: Weber 7483, (COLO). Ouray seen on loamy to clayey soils and even on County: R; Anderson and Fergeson 87-55, T adobe hills. This is a distinct taxon recognized 6/1/87 CS). (COLO, by its succulent herbage and prostrate habit. Lomatium latilobum (Rydb.) Mathias, Ann. Threats to the species include overgrazing, Missouri Bot. Card. 25: 281. 1937. landfills, road construction, and oil and gas exploration and extraction. Map 41 Montrose County : T46N R15W: Beck & Family. —Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). — Siplivinskv 3606, 6/4/82 (COLO, CS); Pavson Synonyms. Cynoma rath rum latilohiim 239, 4/21/14 (Holotype: RM; Isotvpes: Rydb., A/efe.s latiloba (Rydb.) W. A. Weber. COLO, MO, RM); Pavson 985, 6/1/17 (MO, Federal status. —Category 2. RM); Peterson & Baker 83-49, 5/16/83 (BRY, The Canyonlands lomatium is a Navajo COLO, CS); T47N R18W: Peterson & Basin endemic limited to the Entrada and Kennedv 83-60, 5/18/83 (BRY, COLO, CS, Wingate sandstones at elevations of 1,538 to RM); Peterson & Kennedy 83-58, 5/18/83 1,570 m. The species is known from a few (BRY, COLO, CS); Peterson & Kennedv populations in Mesa County, Colorado, and 83-57, 5/18/83 (BRY, COLO, CS, RM); T47N Grand and San Juan counties, Utah, where it R19W: Weber & Wittman 16073, 5/29/82 grows in sand and sandy silt on rimrock ledg- (C:OLO); T48N R19W: Atwood & Thompson es in the pinyon-juniper zone. Occasionally 8801, 5/20/82 (BRY); Conrad, Morris & Dunn plants are found as waifs in the canyons below 6627, 5/19/73 (BRY, COLO); Cox, Dunn & as seeds are washed down. Because of its inac- Fleak 1986, 6/10/70 (MO); Peterson & cessible habitat and the protection most popu- Kennedv 83-55, 5/18/83 (BRY, COLO, CS, lations receive in (Colorado National Monu- RM); Ratzloff s.n., 5/13/78 (COLO); Ratzloff ment and Arches National Park, the species s.n., 5/13/78 (COLO); Walker 152, 6/21/12 is not currently threatened with extinction. (RM). Because the species is known from very few populations, however, it should remain a can- Lijgodesmia doloresensis Tomb, Svst. Bot. didate for listing until field surveys are com- Monogr. 1: 48-50. 1980. .

October 1988 O'Kane; Colorados Rare Flora 455

Map 43 debilis, and Festtica dasijclada. While the Utah distribution is not thoroughly known Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). (Welsh 1985), the species has been well inven- Federal status. —Category 2. toried in Colorado and many localities are The Dolores skeletonplant is a narrow en- known. The major threat to the taxon is oil demic of the Dolores River canyon near the shale mining and retorting. Colorado- Utah border at Gateway in Mesa Garfield County: T5S R96W: Harner County. It grows in reddish purple, sandy 1530, 8/82 (COLO); T6S R91 W: Nicholas 197, alluvium and colluvium of the Cutler forma- 7/17/81 (CS); T6S R96W: Nicholas 46, 6/20/81 tion between the canyon walls and the river in (CS); Weber & Clark 16359, 8/28/82 (BRY, juniper, shadscale, and sagebrush communi- COLO, CS, RM). ties at elevations of 1,400 to 1,435 m. A small population in adjacent Utah is reported (J. Mentzelia densa Greene, Pitt. 3: 99. 1896. Anderson, personal communication). Popula- Map 45 tions of this species are severely impacted by domestic livestock grazing along narrow Fam ILY. —Loasaceae Synonyms. —Mentzelia (Nutt.) canyon reaches and in blackbrush flats of multiflora A. var. A. Nels., wider places in the canyon bottom. Individu- Gray densa (Greene) Nuttal- lia (Greene) Touteria als are limited to the protection of shrubs and densa Greene, densa clumps of Optintia, and herbage projecting (Greene) Rydb. Federal status. Category 2. beyond this protection is immediately — browsed. Few individuals are seen between The Royal Gorge stickleaf is limited to the drainages of the shrubs, and then only on small sites inaccessi- and main canyon Arkansas River between Caiion City Cotopaxi, a ble to livestock. Unless the little additional and distance of miles, it inventory needed indicates otherwise, this 25 where grows on steep, walls species should be listed as endangered. igneous canyon in mountain shrub com- Mesa County: T15S R104W: O'Kane & An- munities at elevations of ca 1,900 to 1,990 m. derson 2092, 6/20/85 (CS); T50N R19W: Har- Darlington enigmatically reports the species rington 4426, 6/11/49 (CS); O'Kane & Ander- from "southern Colorado " by citing specimens son 2091, 6/20/85 (CS); Ratzloff 1655, 6/21/79 from "Mesa County. " Darlington does not (COLO); T51N R19W: Anderson 85-82, 6/20/ place the species in the Arkansas canyon al- 85 (BRY); Beck & Siplivinski 3669, 6/5/82 though Greene described the taxon from (COLO, CS, RM); Freeman & Wetter 1823, there. Specimens examined by Darlington 5/18/83 (KANU); Harrington 3069, 5/27/47 are probably best ascribed to M. multiflora (CS); O'Kane & Anderson 2090, 6/20/85 (CS). (O'Kane et al. 1988). Known localities are im- mediately adjacent to highways, but other

Mentzelia argillosa J. Darl., Ann. Missouri threats are not known. Livestock probably Bot. Card. 21: 153. 1934. have little impact on the species because of its inaccessible habitat. Inventories are needed Map 44 to document the status of this species. Family. —Loasaceae. Chaffee County: T49N R9E: Baker, Earle Synonym. —Nuttalia argillosa (Darl.) W. A. & Tracy I41/2, 6/19/1898 (MO). Fremont Weber. County: Location obscure: Engelmann s.n., Federal STATUS. —Category 2. 9/1874 (MO); Redfield 466, 7/22/1872 (MO); The Arapien stickleaf is known from two T18S R70W: Osterhout 3334, 8/15/06 (RM); small, widely separated areas of endemism. In Osterhout 2094, 6/20/00 (NY); Shear 3782, Utah it is found at a sites few in Sanpete and 8/8/92 (NY); T18S R71W: Osterhout 6599, 6/ Sevier counties growing on Arapien shale. In 22/26 (RM); T18S R72W: Harrington 7636, Colorado it grows only along escarpments of 7/8/54 (CS); Jones s.n., 6/29/13 (RM); T19S Green River shale on the Plateau, Roan R73W: Brandegee s.n., 1872 (COLO); T48N Garfield County. The species occurs on steep, R12E: O'Kane & Anderson 2204, 7/31/85 barren slopes of shifting talus at 1,830 to 2,560 (CS). m in elevation and is typically found with other oil shale endemics such as Astragalus Mimulus gemmiparus W. A. Weber, Madroiio lutosus, Thalictrum heliophilutii, Penstemon 21: 423-425. 1972. 456 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Map 46 tion, a Niobrara equivalent. It occurs at 1,550 to 2,200 m and is often found associated with Family. —Scrophulariaceae. Frankenia, Juniperus, Pinus edidis, and Afri- Federal STATUS. —Category 2. plex. The species is threatened by mining for This monkeyflower, unusual for the genus cement products and by residential expan- in that it does not reproduce sexually, is sion. The effects of grazing are not known, and known from two areas of endemism, one near surveys for the taxon are incomplete. Tarryall Reservoir in Jefferson County and El Paso County: T14S R67W: Loftfield another consisting of a few populations in 7/18/24 (COLO). Fremont County: Rocky Mountain National Park. Interestingly, 113, T18S R70W: Brandegee 702, 7/28/1873 (UC); is has been located on the outwash from the 437, 8/13/1872 (Type: UC); T19S recent Lawn Lake flood (B. Jennings, per- Brandegee sonal communication). The species repro- R68W: Locklear 11, 9/11/86 (COLO, NEB); duces by forming "gemmae" of swollen petiole Locklear 8, 6/17/86 (COLO, NEB). Pueblo bases containing a reduced plant axis. These CouNTk- T20S R65W: Ewan 14177, 6/12/42 gemmae fall free from the plant when leaves (COLO); T20S R66W: Ripley & Barneby dehisce in the autumn. Flowers are rarely 7663, 5/23/47 (NY); T21S R68W: Barneby formed, and these are functionally sterile. 13004, 6/1/61 (NY). This precise mode of reproduction is not Neoparrya lithophila Mathias, Ann. Missouri known in any other plant species (J. Karron, Bot. Card. 16: 393-394. 1929. personal communication). The species pro- vides an opportunity to study the evolution of Map 48 obligate asexual reproduction in an otherwise Family. —Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). sexually reproducing genus. Mimulus gemmi- Synonym. —Aletes lithophila (Mathias) W. A. parus grows in crevices of rock outcrops, often Weber. with dripping water, in the spruce-fir zone at Federal status. —Category 2. elevations ranging from 2,560 to 3,050 m, of- Neoparrya lithophila was long sought in the ten with other Mimulus species. Although "Heufano Mts." of northern New Mexico until very rare and unusual, no threats are known it was rediscovered by W. A. Weber in 1957 for the species. on a volcanic dike near Silver Mountain in the Grand County: T2N R74W: Douglass vicinity of the Spanish Peaks, Huerfano 74-1, 7/23/74 (COLO); Douglass 62-33, County, Colorado. The species was found in 6/29/62 (COLO); Karron 1, 8/15/82 (COLO); Saguache County on the eastern edges of the Nelson 6222, 8/2/50 (COLO); Willard 62119, San Juan volcanic area by C. E. Taylor in 8/16/62 (COLO); Willard 61379, 8/12/61 1922. His specimens were filed under Pseudo- (COLO); T4N R75W: Vickery 2735, 8/14/67 cymopterus anisatus at the U.S. Forest Ser- (MO). Jefferson County: TIOS R71W: Kar- vice Herbarium until discovered by R. Hart- ron 5, 9/6/82 (COLO); Murphy 322, 8/9/79 man when the herbarium was moved to the (COLO). Larimer County: T5N R74W: Rocky Mountain Herbarium. Several popula- Weber & Grove 14062, 7/8/70 (Holotype: tions have subsequently been located from COLO, Isotypes: CS, MO). northwest of Saguache to south of Alamosa. populations occur on la\a flows and Mirabilis rotundifolia (Greene) Stand!., These outcrops of igneous rocks with Artemisia, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 8: 305. 1931.

Rihes, Symphoricarpos , and Pinus. An un- Map 47 usual population, growing on barren, nearly Family. —Nyctaginaceae. white silt-loam of the Dry Union Formation, Synonyms. —Allionia rotundifolia Greene, was discovered near Salida in 1986 (O'Kane A. polyatricha Standi., Oxyhaphus rotundi- et al. 1988). The total elevational range of the folius (Greene) Standi. species is 2, 130 to 3,048 m. The species is not Federal STATUS. —Category 2. impacted b\' grazing because it grows on inac- Mirabilis rotundifolia is endemic to an area cessible rock outcrops with little forage value. along the Arkansas River between Canon City No other threats, other than some habitat

and Pueblo where it grows on fine-textured, degradation of the Elephant Rocks population white hills eroded from the Timpas Forma- near Del Norte from recreational activities. October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado's Rare Flora 457

are known, and the species might best be species is also known from a few populations downgraded to Category 3C. in adjacent Uintah and Daggett counties, Chaffee County: T49N R9E: O'Kane & Utah. Anderson 2218, 8/2/85 (COLO, CS). Conejos Moffat County: T6N R104W: Harrington County: T34N RUE: O'Kane, Anderson & 9924, 6/7/66 (CS); Neese 11806, 6/20/82 Dixon 2500, 7/10/86 (COLO, CS). Huerfano (BRY); T7N RIOIW: Brown s.n., 1938 (BRY) County: T27S R69W: Hartman 3101, 5/25/71 MacLeod & MacLeod s.n., 6/7/70 (COLO) (RM); Johnston 1406, 8/1/77 (COLO); Parry MacLeod & MacLeod s.n., 7/2/70 (COLO) 83, 9/1867 (Holotvpe: GH, Isotypes: MICH, T7N, 102W: O'Kane & Neely 3052, 13/6/87 MO); Weber &'Gaudreau 10571, 6/29/57 (COLO, MO, RM); T8N R102W: MacLeod (BRY). Rio Grande County: T40N R6E: An- 790, 8/8/69 (COLO); Wiley-Eberle 822, derson s.n., 7/25/84 (COLO); Johnston 3038, 5/14/81 (CS); Wiley-Eberle et al. 822, 6/3/81 7/24/85 (RM); Johnston 3051, 7/24/85 (RM); (CS); TUN R103W: Peterson & Kennedy Johnston 3041, 7/24/85 (RM); O'Kane & An- 83-360, 6/30/83 (BRY, CS). derson 2243, 8/8/85 (COLO, CS). Saguache Oenothera kleinii W. L. Wagner & Mill, Syst. County: T41N R6E: O'Kane & Anderson Bot. 9: 50. 1984. 2241, 8/8/85 (COLO, CS); T43N R7E: O'Kane 2245, 8/9/85 (COLO, CS); T45N R5E: Hart- Map 50 man 17360, 9/18/83 (COLO, RM); Hartman Family. —Onagraceae. 17350, 9/18/83 (COLO, RM, CS); Hartman Federal status. —Category 2*. 17360, 9/18/83 (CS, RM); Johnston 3058, The WolfCreek evening-primrose is known 7/25/85 (RM); Johnston et al. 2776, 10/12/83 only from the type collection from the Wolf (RM); O'Kane & Anderson 2222, 8/7/85 Creek Valley overlook on the south side of (COLO, CS); O'Kane & Anderson 2221, Wolf Creek Pass. This subalpine area is domi- 8/7/85 (CS); Taylor 475, 7/10/22 (RM); Taylor nated by subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce. 476, 7/6/22 (RM); T45N R6E: Johnston 3062, Immediately following its discovery the popu- 7/25/85 (RM); Johnston 3063, 7/25/85 (RM). lation was destroyed by earthmoving equip- ment widening Highway 160. Inventories in Oenothera acutissima W. L. Wagner, Syst. the area have not located additional popula- Bot. 6: 153-155. 1981. tions, and the species is presumed extinct, at Map 49 least at the type locality. The taxon has affini- Family. —Onagraceae. ties to other species of Oenothera in the Synonym. —O.flava (A. Nels.) Garrett var. Mojave Desert (W. L. Wagner, personal com- acutissima (W. L. Wagner) Welsh. munication, W. A. Weber 1987) and may have Federal status. —Category 2. been introduced in a highway seed mix, as This evening-primrose is known in Colo- several species from much lower altitudes are rado only from Moflfat County where it grows present on the site. in sandy, moist soils. It is found in seeps, Mineral County: T37N RIE: Wagner & adjacent to springs, along ephemeral water- Wagner 4531, 9/18/81 (Isotypes: COLO, CS, courses, and in cracks of outcrops of the Uinta MO, RM). Mountain Group sandstones where micro- Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) T. & G. var. sites are more mesic. Surrounding vegetation alpinum, FI. N. Amer. 2: 285. 1840. may be ponderosa pine savanna, sagebrush, grass-forb, or mountain brush. Elevations Map 51 range from 2,195 to 2,550 m. Known popula- Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). tions, because of nearby water and relatively Synonym. —Bolophyta alpina Nuttall. lush forage, are impacted by domestic live- Federal status. —Category 3C. stock grazing. The effects of this grazing are The alpine feverfew is endemic to the plains not known. Because the species is low-grow- of northern Weld County, Colorado, and to ing, light grazing could, in some situations, be the southeastern quadrant of Wyoming. It beneficial, as it reduces the cover of taller forms small mats in clayey soils derived from species. Heavy grazing, with accompanying mudstone. Cobbles eroded from conglomer- trampling, is probably detrimental to the spe- ate of overlying strata are often found on the cies, especially around grassy springs. The soil surface. The species occurs at elevations 458 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 of 1,675 to 1,770 m in sparsely vegetated areas 83-123, 7/14/83 (CS); T18S R68W: Baker & of blue grama grasslands. The effects of heavy Deardorff" 83-124, 7/14/83 (CS); Baker & grazing on the species are not known. Because Deardorff 83-121, 7/14/83 (CS); Baker & of apparent rarity and lack of biological infor- Deardorff" 83-120, 7/14/83 (CS); Baker & mation, the taxon should be considered a Cat- Deardorff" 83-122, 7/14/83 (CS); Hermann egory 2 species until inventories indicate oth- 23600, 6/1/71 (CS, RM); Johnston & Lucas erwise. This species (and the following 1628, 6/1/78 (RM); Weber 4680, 5/21/44 species) illustrates the potential beneficial (COLO, CS, KANU, RM); T19S R68W: uses of rare plant genomes. Parthenitmi Baker & Deardorff" 83-119, 7/13/83 (COLO, alpinum, P. tetraneuris, and P. Ugulatum (a CS); Baker & Deardorff" 83-111, 7/11/83 relatively rare species of the Uinta Basin) have (BRY, CS); Harrington 9856, 5/17/65 (CS, been crossed with guayule (P. argentatum) as KSC); Johnston & Lucas 1630, 6/1/78 part of a study designed to transfer desirable (COLO); Peterson & Kennedy 83-434, traits, particularly cold tolerance, into this 7/12/83 (BRY, CS); Peterson & Kennedy potentially valuable rubber-producing spe- 83-439, 7/13/83 (CS, RM); Peterson & cies (Hashemi et al. 1986, 1987). Kennedy 83-433, 7/12/83 (CS); Ripley & Weld County: TUN R65W: Harmon Barnebv 7662, 6/1/46 (RM); Wittmann & 8919, 6/4/77 (CS); Harmon 8810, 6/4/77 (CS); Wittmann 1575, 5/4/81 (COLO); T19S R69W: Johnston & Lucas 1602, 5/30/78 (COLO, RM); Peterson & Kennedy 83-416, 7/11/83 (CS, Johnston & Lucas 1626, 5/31/78 (COLO, CS, RM); Weber s.n., 5/60 (COLO). Pueblo RM); TUN R66W: Hartman 17370, 6/29/84 County: T19S R66W: Baker & Deardorff (RM); Hartman 17369, 6/9/84 (RM). 83-125, 7/20/83 (CS); T19S R67W: Peterson 83-119, 7/13/83 (COLO, CS); Parthenium tetraneuris Barneby, Leafl. & Kennedv Peterson & Kennedy 83-436, 7/12/83 (CS, West. Bot. 5: 19-22. 1947. RM); T20S R65W: Peterson & Kennedy Map 52 83-438, 7/12/83 (CS); Riplev & Barnebv 8303, Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). 5/23/47 (RM); T20S R66W: Baker & Kennedy Synonyms. —Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) 83-126, 7/21/83 (CS, RM); Peterson & Dear- T. & G. var. tetraneuris (Barneby) Rollins, dorff 83-447, 7/21/83 (BRY); Peterson & Bolophyta tetraneuris (Barneby) W. A. Kennedv 83-448, 7/21/83 (CS); Peterson & Weber. Kennedy 83-448, 7/21/83 (BRY); T20S R67W: Federal status. —Category 2. Ripley & Barneby 7666, 6/1/46 (RM). The Arkansas River feverfew occurs on the rolling and dissected hills between Caiion Pediocactus knowltonii L. Benson, Cac. and coun- City and Pueblo in Fremont and Pueblo Succ. J. 32: 193. 1960. ties. It grows at elevations of 1,500 to 1,710 m Map 33 on limestone and shale derived from the Nio- brara Formation in communities composed of Family. —Cactaceae. various mixtures of pinyon, juniper, mountain Synonym. —Pediocactus hradiji L. Benson mahogany, sagebrush, and Frankenia. A dis- var. knowltonii (L. Benson) Backbg. junct population near Salida, Chaffee County, Federal STATUS. —Endangered. grows on alluvium of the Dry Union Forma- The Knowlton cactus is known from one tion with Eriogonum hrandegei, pinyon, and naturally occurring population on the New juniper at 2,225 m. Many populations are Mexico-Colorado border in La Plata County, threatened by residential expansion, mining C'olorado, and San Juan ('ounty. New Mex- of limestone for cement production, and ico. A small population in New Mexico near ORVs. The effects of grazing are not known. the type locality, consisting of eight individu- Inventories for the species are relatively com- als and presumably introduced by cactophiles plete, but the full extent of current and poten- fearful of the effects of Navajo Reservoir on

tial impacts needs to be determined. the native population, has recently been re- Chaffee Counit: T50N R8E: Anderson duced to three individuals by road construc- 85-109, 8/1/85 (CS). Fremont Counts: T14S tion (P. Knight, personal communication). R69W: Johnston & Wittman 2034, 6/10/79 Another "population" has recently been cre- (COLO); T18S R67W: Baker & Deardorff" ated in New Mexico from cuttings to study the October 1988 O Kane: Colorado s Rare Flora 459

biology and to ensure the survival of the spe- Federal status. —None. cies. This species is among the rarest in North The Parachute penstemon is known only America as well as one of the most endan- from Mt. Callahan, above the town of Para-

gered. Cactus collectors as far away as Ger- chute, where it occupies the steep southern many and Japan have poached the species for escai-pment of the ridge crest, and from a their cactus collections. The type locality, small population on the Anvil Points near now owned by The Nature Conservancy, is Rifle. It grows on unstable, nearly barren fenced to exclude domestic livestock. The one white talus of decomposing Green River shale hill that this species occupies is unusual in that with Eriogomim lonchophyUum, Cymopterus

it contains a mixture ofjtinipertis osteospernia hendersonii, and Galium coloradense. Mount and J. scopulorum. Juniperus scopulorum is Callahan also hosts Thalictruyn heliophilum, not found elsewhere within miles of the popu- Festuca dasyclada, Mentzelia argillosa, and lation. Additionally, although at a relatively Astragalus lutosus, other oil shale endemics. low elevation of 1,950 m, other montane spe- One of the two subpopulations on Mt. Calla- cies are found at the site. Soils are cobbly han, ca 90 ha total, is protected as a Colorado riverine alluvium. This species poses interest- Natural Area. This taxon is likely limited to its ing questions concerning speciation and dis- currently known range as inventories of oil persal in the Cactaceae. shale lands are relatively thorough. Because La Plata County: T32N R7W: Heil s.n., of extreme rarity, P. debilis should be listed as 5/18/78 (UNM); Peterson & Knight 83-7, 5/2/ an endangered species. Penstemon debilis and 83 (CS). Pediocactus knowltonii are among the rarest plants in North America. Penstemon albifluvis England, Great Basin Garfield County: T7S R96W: O'Kane & Nat. 42: 367. 1982. Anderson 2424, 6/11/86 (Holotype: COLO; Map 54 Isotypes: ASU, BRY, CS, NY, RM, UTC); Family. —Scrophulariaceae. O'Kane 2443, 6/25/86 (KANU); Anderson Synonym. —Penstemon scariosiis Pennell 86-79, 6/25/86 (CS, SJNM); Anderson var. albifluvis (Engldnd) N. Holmgren. 86-118, 7/23/86 (COLO, RM). Federal STATUS. —Category 1. Penstemon degeneri Crosswh., Amer. Midi. The White River penstemon is known in Nat. 74: 434. 1965. Colorado only from several small populations on barren outcrops of Green River shale on Map 56 Raven Ridge, Rio Blanco County. No herbar- Family. —Scrophulariaceae. ium specimens were located from the locality, Federal status. —Category 2. but the record is certain as the Colorado Natu- The Degener beardtongue is apparently ral Areas Program and the Bureau of Land endemic to the canyon of the Arkansas River Management are currently conducting a pop- from near Texas Creek to Caiion City and to ulation biology study of the species at this Wet Mountain Valley, but few specimens are locality. The species, in Colorado, grows in known. It grows in the duff of pinyon at eleva- pinyon-juniper communities. Welsh (1985) tions of 1,830 to 2,895 m. Until inventories are questions whether this taxon should be con- conducted, the species should be considered sidered a candidate for listing, although he rare. gives no justification for this view. A limited FremontCounty: T18S R71W: Peterson & range and potential threats from oil shale Kennedy 83-446, 7/14/83 (CS); Weber & Nel- production indicate that the species should son 13360, 7/23/67 (COLO); T49N R12E: Har- remain a candidate until inventories show rington 7517, 7/5/54 (CS). otherwise. The effects of grazing on the un- Penstemon gibbensii Dorn, Brittonia 34: 334. stable substrate occupied by the species are not known. 1982. Map 57 Penstemon debilis O'Kane & Anderson, J. Family. —Scrophulariaceae. Brittonia 39: 412-416. 1987. Federal status. —Category 2. 55 Map The Gibbens beardtongue occurs in Sweet- Family. —Scrophulariaceae. water and Carbon counties, Wyoming, and, in .

460 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Colorado, from Browns Park in Moffat County population is included in a Colorado Natural and the Piceance Basin of Rio Blanco County. Area/BLM Area of Critical Environmental The species belongs to a polymorphic and Concern. Elsewhere, the species is known difficult group of species that includes P. pen- from a few populations in Carbon and Uintah landii and P. fremontii. In Browns Park the counties, Utah. The species is potentially species grows in sandy soils derived from the threatened by oil shale mining because it Browns Park Formation. Populations in the grows on rich deposits of the Green River Piceance Basin grow on partially decomposed shale. The effects of grazing on the unstable shale of the Green River Formation. Pen- habitat of this species are not known. sternon gibbensii is typically found with Rio Blanco County: T2N R104W: Shultz

Artemisia tridentata, but it is also found in & Shultz 5164, 5/28/81 (COLO); Weber et al. communities dominated by mountain ma- 1923, 5/27/79 (COLO). hogany and Utah juniper. Populations in Penstemon harringtonii Penland, Madrono Browns Park are threatened by heavy grazing. 14: 153. 1958. Piceance Basin populations may be threat- Map 59 ened in the future by oil shale extraction; some populations have been impacted by road Fam ILY. —Scrophulariaceae construction. Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Moffat CouNTi': TION R102W: Peterson Harrington beardtongue occurs in a semi- et al. 1261, 7/20/78 (CS); TION R103W: circular area adjacent to the Eagle, Colorado, Wiley-Eberle s.n., 6/15/84 (CS); Neely 3668, and Blue rivers from near Vail to Dotsero, 7/23/86 COLO, CS); Neely 3687, 7/23/86 State Bridge, Kremmling, and to Green (COLO, CS). Rio Blanco County: TIN Mountain Reservoir. It grows in sands and R97W: O'Kane 2409, 6/4/86 (BRY, NY); TIN fine sands in sagebrush communities at eleva-

R98W: O'Kane 2445, 6/26/86 (COLO); TIN tions of 2, 165 to 2,475 m. Because it increases R99W: O'Kane 2434, 6/15/86 (BRY, COLO, in open stands and decreases in closed stands GH, NY,RM); TIS R97W: Peterson & Rolhns of sagebrush, it appears to be an early succes- 83-215, 6/20/83 (CS); O'Kane 2414, 6/4/86 sional species. The species is similar to P.

(COLO, RM); T2N R98W: Baker & Naumann osterhoutii, with which it is sympatric. Pen- 82-184, 6/10/82 (CS); O'Kane 2441, 6/15/86 stemon osterhoutii tends to occur just above (COLO, NY, RM); O'Kane, Sigstedt & Peter- the slightly more mesic sagebrush habitat of son 82-322, 6/11/82 (CS); T2S R95W: O'Kane P. harringtonii. Inventories of habitat from 2407, 6/3/86 (BRY, COLO, NY, RM); T2S Green Mountain Reservoir to Kremmling are R97W: Baker & Naumann 82-197, 6/11/82 relatively complete, but surveys elsewhere in (CS); T3S R95W: Kelley & Riefler 82-37, the range are sketchy. Several populations, 7/2/82 (CS); T3S R98W: Peterson et al. 1178b, especially along the Blue River, are threat- 7/6/78 (CS); T4S R95W: Kelley & Sigstedt ened by grazing and increased vacation-home 82-88A, 7/8/82 (CS). and ski-resort construction. If expanses of habitat are found not to be threatened, the Penstemon grahamii Keck in E. Graham, species should be lowered to Category 3C. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 26: 331. 1937. Eacle Counts: T2S R82W: Harrington Map 58 8053, 6/28/55 (CS); Western Resource Devel- Family. —Scrophulariaceae. opment, Co. s.n., 6/22/82 (COLO); T4S Federal STATUS. —Category 1. R82W: Harrington 4935, 6/7/35 (CS); T4S The Graham beardtongue, in Colorado, R83W: Western Resource Development, Co. grows only west of Rangely on leaven Ridge, a s.n., 6/22/82 (COLO); T5S R82W: Bunin 2, floristically important outcrop of Green River 6/17/85 (COLO); T5S R83W: Western Re- shale that contains a number of endemic spe- source Development, Co. s.n., 6/24/82 cies. It is found with J unifH'nis o.steospenna, (COLO). Grand Count\ : TIN R80W: Nau- Cercocarpus intricatus, and C. niontanus at mann 11, 6/29/84 (CS, RM); TIS R80W: Nau- 1,780 m. The population, consisting of a few mann 10, 6/28/84 (CS); Penland 4296, 6/19/52 small subpopulations, is monitored by the (Isotvpes: COLO, RM); TIS R81W: Harring- Colorado Natural Areas Program and the ton 8056, 6/28/55 (CS); Naumann 12, 6/29/84 Bureau of Land Management. The Colorado (CS); Western Resource Development, Co. October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado s Rare Flora 461 s.n., 6/22/82 (COLO); TIS R82W: Wiley s.n., in sparsely vegetated communities dominated 6/4/79 (CS); Wiley s.n., 6/4/79 (CS). RouiT by Artemisia nova, Atriplex confertifolia, A. CouNT\': TIS R84W: Norton & Norton s.n., corrugata, and Tetradymia spinescens at ele- 6/29/51 (CS). Summit Count\-: T2S R79W: vations of 1,530 to 1,830 m on strongly gypsif-

Weber & Wittmann 16300, 6/24/82 (RM). erous clay soils. The species is sometimes found with Eriogonum pelinophilum and Lo- Penstemon parviflorus Pennell, Contr. U.S. matium concinniwi, two other local Mancos Nat. Herb. 20: 340. 1920. shale endemics. Threats to the species in- Map 60 clude livestock grazing, habitat modifications Family. —Scrophulariaceae. due to agricultural and residential develop- Federal STATUS. —Category 2*. ment, oil and gas exploration, construction This species is known only from the type of irrigation ditches, and ORV activity. Al- locality, "S. W. Colo., Mancos," collected by though the species is fairly abundant within its Alice Eastwood in 1890. No further clues to limited range, the presence of these threats the type location are available because East- indicates that it should remain a candidate for wood's field books were destroyed in the 1906 listing. If listed, it should be considered San Francisco earthquake and fire. To my threatened. knowledge, no in-depth searches have been Delta County: T14S R92W: Neese 13252, conducted for the species, although collectors 5/11/83 (RRY, CS); Neese 15782, 6/19/84 (CS); the area. species have frequented general The Ratzloff"s.n., 5/17/78 (COLO); T15S R92W: is currently presumed extinct. Elhs s.n., 5/28/78 (CS); T15S R98W: Neely County: East- Montezuma T36N R13W: 2981, 6/27/85 (CS, UTC). Montrose County: wood s.n., 6/1890 (Isotypes: COLO, US, Phil. Location obscure: Dawson s.n., n.d. (COLO); Acad. Sci.). T49N R8W: Rollins 2125, 5/24/38 (RM); Penstemon penlandii W. A. Weber, Phvtolo- Weber 7481, 5/28/78 (COLO, CS, MO, RM); gia 60: 459-461. 1986. Weber & Murray 12379, 5/18/65 (COLO); T49N R9W: Johnston, Ratzloff"& Lucas 1553, Map 61 5/15/78 (COLO); Pavson 673, 6/15/15 (RM); Family. —Scrophulariaceae. T50N R9W: Ellis 7215, 4/27/72 (COLO); Federal status. —None. T51N R9W: Neely 2894, 6/16/85 (CS, UTC). The Penland beardtongue is known only from a small area along a country road just Phacelia formosula Osterh., Bull. Torrey northeast of Kremmling growing on selenifer- Bot. Club 46: 54. 1919. ous clay hills of the Troublesome Creek For- Map 63 mation at 2,300 m in elevation. It is sympatric Family. —Hydrophyllaceae. with a small population of Astragalus oster- Federal status. —Endangered. houtii. The effects of grazing on the species The North Park phacelia is found on barren are not known. Also, the effects of increased sandy slopes near the North Platte and Cana- recreational use of the area, should a nearby dian rivers in North Park, a high-altitude proposed reservoir be built, are not known. basin in Jackson County lying between the Grand County: T2N R79W: Weber & Park Range on the west and the Medicine Dahnke 17830, 7/30/86 (Holotype: COLO, Bow Mountains on the east. The sandy soils of Isotypes: MO, RM); Anderson 85-84, 7/1/86 its habitat, derived from the Coalmont For- (COLO). mation, are easily shifted by prevailing winds Penstemon retrorsus Payson ex Pennell, and by the hooves of grazing animals. Phacelia Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 373. 1920. formosula grows at ca 2,450 to 2,500 m in elevation and is associated with species of Map 62 Artemisia and . In addition to Family. —Scrophulariaceae. being rare and local, the species may be Federal status. —Category 1. threatened by domestic livestock grazing, by The adobe beardtongue occurs on barren energy exploration, and by habitat modifica- grey adobe hills of the Mancos shale from near tion for hay production. Studies currently be- Montrose north to Delta and Paonia. It grows ing conducted by CNAP and the BLM are .

462 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 designed to identify threats, if any, and the COLO, RM); Osterhout 5978, n.d. (CAS natural history of the species. RM); Osterhout 4458, 5/19/11 (Holotype: Jackson County: T8N R80W: Peterson et RM, Isotvpes: COLO, NY, RM); Peterson & al. 827, 6/4/81 (CS); T9N R79W: Atwood 1977, Baker , 4/27/82 (CS); Weber & Murray 12344, 7/16/69 (BRY); Atwood & Higgins 5830, 5/15/65 (COLO, CS); Wingate & Weber 1365, 8/11/73 (BRY, RM); O'Kane 2096, 7/1/85 (CS); 5/5/82 (KHD); T8S R98W: Kellev 83-20, Osterhout 5794, 8/6/18 (Holotype: RM, Iso- 5/24/83 (CS); Kellev 83-16, 5/24/83 (BRY, CS, types: GH, RM); Osterhout 312, 8/18/1894 RM); T9S R96W: O'Kane 2380, 5/23/86 (BRY, (RM); Osterhout 7286, 8/6/30 (RM); Ripley & COLO); O'Kane 2381, 5/24/86 (CS); O'Kane Barneby 9008, 7/5/47 (BRY); Weber & Wiley & Anderson 2364, 5/21/86 (COLO, CS); T9S 15488, 8/13/79 (COLO); Wiley & Weber s.n., R97W: Kellev 83-5, 5/12/83 (BRY, CS RM); 8/13/79 (CS); T9N R80W: Peterson & Baker T9S R98W: O'Kane 2396, 5/26/86 (COLO, 814, 10/9/81 (CS); Peterson et al. 811, 10/8/81 CS); Peterson, Kelley & Walker 82-50, (COLO, RM); Peterson et al. 812, 10/8/81 5/22/82 (BRY, CS, RM); Peterson, Kelley & (CS); TION R80W: O'Kane 2103, 7/2/85 Walker 82-52, 5/22/82 (CS). (COLO, CS); Peterson & Baker 813, 10/9/81 Phlox caryophylla Wherry, Not. Nat. No. (CS). 146: 4. 1944.

Phacelia submutica J. T. Howell, Proc. Cali- Map 65 fornia Acad. Sci. 4th Ser. 25: 370. 1944. Family. —Polemoniaceae. Map 64 Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Fam ILY. —Hydrophyllaceae Clove phlox is confined to an area from Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Pagosa Springs southeast and southwest to The DeBeque phacelia is limited to the adjacent northern New Mexico where it Atwell Gulch and Shire Members of the grows in pinyon-juniper woodlands, sage- Wasatch Formation at 1,540 to 1,890 m in brush, and grassy meadows from 2,280 to elevation. It is found only within eight miles of 2,380 m in elevation. The species thrives in DeBeque on both sides of the Colorado River communities in mild disclimax, often along where it grows on erosive, barren or sparsely roads, but it is also found on pristine sites. vegetated, grey or dark brown, carboniferous Soils are clayey and are derived from the Man- clay soils with a high shrink-swell potential. cos shale. Herbivores apparently do not Upon drying, these soils form deep cracks. utilize the species. Threats from increased Seeds of the species are "self planted" by residential and recreational use of the area falling into these cracks, which then close associated with nearby proposed ski areas, an when wetted, thus covering the seeds. Associ- improved airport, and increased popularity of ated species are infrequently scattered and the area will probably not greatly impact the are typical for xeric, clayey sites in the area. species because of its wide occinrence in its

Grindelia fastigiata is nearly always an associ- area of endemism and because the titxon can ate. Threats to the species include oil and gas tolerate mild disturbance. Spraying of road- exploration and extraction, ORV use, tram- sides with herbicides, however, should be pling by livestock, and road construction and discontinued where the species occurs. This improvement. Increased visitor use in tlie species should be downgraded to Category

DeBeque area is expected if Roan Creek 3C. Reservoir is built. Phacelia submutica should Archuleta County: T34N Rl W: Harring- be listed as a threatened species. ton 8076, 7/1/55 (CS); T34N R2W: Wilken Garfield County: T7S R98W: Ellis & 14425, 5/23/85 (CS); T35N RIW: Harrington Hackney s.n., 5/13/82 (CS); T8S R97W: John- 9979, 6/14/55 (CS); Johnston, Johnston & ston 2551, 5/21/82 (COLO); T8S R98W: John- Johnston 2538, 5/16/82 (COLO); O'Kane ston 2542, 5/21/82 (COLO); Johnston 2547, 2062, 6/4/85 (CS); T35N R2W: Bethel 4967, 5/21/82 (COLO); O'Kane & Anderson 2349, 6/30/21 (CS); O'Kane 2055, 6/3/85 (CS); 5/20/86 (CS). Mesa Counts': T8S R97W: O'Kane 2056, 6/3/85 (CS); O'Kane 2067, 6/4/ Barnebv 12738, 5/17/55 (COLO); Johnston 85 (COLO, CS); O'Kane & Anderson 2057, 2539, 5/21/82 (COLO); Johnston 2512, 5/7/82 6/3/85 (CS); Schmoll 1093, 6/15/24 (COLO, (COLO); Osterhout 4726, 6/22/12 (CAS, RM); T36N RIW: O'Kane 2054, 6/3/85 (CS); October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado's FIare Flora 463

T36N R2.5W: O'Kane et al. 2059, 6/3/85 (CS); 6/25/17 (COLO); T4N R70W: Popp s.n., T35N R8W: Porter 2031, 6/25/35 (RM). 6/18/83 (CS); T4S R69W: Robinson s.n., 5/25/80 (COLO); T5N R69W: Naumann & Physaria bellii Mulligan, Canadian J. Bot. 44: Trout 4, 7/2/84 (CS); T6N R70W: Popp s.n., 1662-1663. 1966. 6/29/83 (COLO); Schromberg s.n., 5/8/83 Map 66 (COLO); T7N R69W: Naumann & Trout 3, Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). 5/6/84 (CS); Popp s.n., 6/18/83 (CS); T8N Federal status. —Category 2. R69W: Crandall 212, 5/14/1890 (CS); Crandall Bells twinpod, endemic to the Niobrara 425, 5/2/1896 (CS, MO); Crandall 427, Formation, grows on fine-textured soils 6/7/1898 (CS); Crandall 426, 5/7/1898 (CS); derived from black shale high in calcium in Wilken 14302, 5/6/85 (CS); T9N R69W: Lan- the southern part of its range and from light- ham s.n., 6/8/80 (COLO); Neely 2734, 6/2/85 colored, limey shale in the north. The species (CS, UTC); Popp s.n., 6/17/83 (CS); TION is scattered along the foothills and hogbacks R69W: Ramaley 2743, 6/14/07 (COLO). from Fourmile Canyon near Boulder to Box Physaria ohcordata Rollins, Am. Arb. 64: Elder Creek north of Owl Canyon. One old J. 494-496. 1983. collection, however, exists from Cheyenne Mountain near Colorado Springs (Churchill Map 67 s.n. MO), and a 1988 report (J. Borland, per- Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). sonal communication, specimen verified by Federal status. —Category 2. W. A. Weber) places the species southwest of The recently described Dudley Bluffs twin-

Denver in Jefferson County on a small out- pod is limited to moderate or steep slopes in crop of Niobrara shale at the mouth of Deer the Piceance Basin. The species is restricted

Creek Canyon. As Cheyenne Mountain is to the Thirteen Mile Creek Tongue, which is composed of Pikes Peak Granite, it is likely embedded in the Uinta Formation, and to the that the collection locality is in error unless a more abundant Parachute Creek Member of disjunct population occurred at the foot of the the Green River shale. Soils are fine textured mountain on Pierre Shale. Bells twinpod is and usually have a large component of shale usually found in shrub communities domi- fragments. These soils, because of topo- nated by and Cercocarpus graphic position and sparse vegetation cover, montanus at elevations of 1,580 to 1,750 m. are erosive. The species occurs in shrub com- Oryzopsis and species of Stipa are common munities containing various mixtures of Am^- associates. Although not threatened every- lanchier, Chrysothamnus, Atriplex, and where in its range, threats to individual popu- Artemisia at elevations of 1,815 to 2,270 m. lations can be significant. Some populations The surrounding vegetation is pinyon-juniper are threatened by road construction and woodland. Road and pipeline construction maintenance. The populations near LaPorte and maintenance have impacted and could could be impacted by mining for cement potentially impact several populations. Her- products. The effects of grazing are not bicides should not be applied along stretches known. of county road known to contain the species. Boulder County: TIN R70W: Weber The species can colonize recently exposed 3270, 4/10/47 (COLO, CS); T2N R70W: Nau- shale slopes, but the effects of continued dis- mann 2, 6/7/84 (CS); Neely 2514, 5/5/85 (CS, turbance are not known. Oil shale mining on a UTC); T2N R71W: Denham & Denham 1315, large scale could significantly impact the spe- 4/16/67 (COLO); Gambill s.n., 5/7/84 (KHD); cies. Livestock do not utilize the species, but Mulligan & Crompton 2898, 8/24/64 (Isotype: the effects of trampling the unstable habitat of COLO); Ramaley 1016, 5/30/05 (COLO); the taxon are not known. Rarity and known Rolhns 7948, 5/24/79 (COLO, MO, RM); and potential threats indicate that P. ohcor- Weber 3372, 5/22/47 (COLO, CS); Wiegand data should be listed as a threatened species.

& Upton 3320, 6/12/22 (MO); Wynn s.n. , 5/10/ Rio Blanco County: TIN R97W: O'Kane 83 (KHD); T3N R71W: Wilken 12887, 5/18/77 2410, 6/4/86 (COLO, GH); TIN R98W: (CS). El Paso County: T15S R67W: O'Kane 2419, 6/5/86 (COLO, GH); O'Kane & Churchill s.n., 6/22/12 (MO). Larimer Anderson 2444, 6/26/86 (COLO, CS); TIN County: Location obscure: Osterhout 5616, RIOOW: Walker & Riefler 82-361, 7/22/82 464 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

(CS, GH); Walker & Riefler 82-363, 7/27/82 Family. —Poaceae (Gramineae). (COLO, CS, GH); TIS R97W: O'Kane 2413, Synonym. —Ptilagrostis mongolica Trucz. 6/4/86 (COLO, CS); O'Kane 2399, 6/2/86 exTrin. ssp. porteri (Rydb.) Barkworth. (COLO, RM); T2S R97W: Baker & Naumann Federal STATUS. —Category 2. 82-209, 6/17/82 (CS, GH); Baker & Naumann The Porter needlegrass is endemic to the 82-210, 6/17/82 (CS); Baker & Naumann mountains flanking the north end of South 82-211, 6/22/82 (CS); Baker & Naumann Park where it grows in bogs with Deschamp- 82-193, 1982 (CS, GH); Baker & Naumann sia, Salix, and Petitaphijlloides. The species is 82-277, 7/8/82 (Holotvpe: GH, Isotypes: found on small microhabitats on the tops of COLO, CS); Neese 11946, 7/9/82 (BRY); hummocks formed from peat which elevate O'Kane 2412, 6/4/86 (BRY, COLO, RM); the species a few centimeters above the water Rollins & Rollins 8390, 6/20/83 (COLO, CS, table. Elevations range from 2,695 to 3,660 m. GH, RM); T3S R95W: Weber 17806, 7/8/86 Ptilagrostis porteri is closely related to the (COLO). Asiatic P. mongholica. Threats to the taxon include peat mining and the ditching of bogs Potentilla Douglas ex Lehmann var. effusa for water diversion projects. The Geneva Park rupincola (Osterh.) Th. Wolf, Bull. Torrey population has apparently been extirpated by Bot. Club 26: 256. 1899. peat mining. The effects of grazing are not Map 68 known, but trampling by livestock probably Family. —Rosaceae. disturbs the fragile microhabitat. Synonym. —Potentilla rupincola Osterh. Park County: T6S R75W: Giersch & 7/26/66 Giersch s.n., Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Hickev 3102, (COLO); The Rocky Mountain cinquefoil, which 9/8/70' (COLO); Johnston 2511, 8/14/81 grows among granitic rocks from ca 2, 100 to ca (COLO); T8S R74W: Johnston 2497, 8/13/81 2,590 m in elevation, apparently occurs in- (COLO); Johnston & Hendzel 2655A, 10/4/82 frequently from Virginia Dale to Empire. Al- (COLO); Johnston & Hendzel 2655, 10/4/82 though no inventories have been conducted (COLO); T8S R77W: Marr s.n., 8/3/86 for the taxon, its range, as indicated by known (COLO); T9S R72W: O'Kane 47, 8/28/84 herbarium specimens, is relatively large. Be- (BRY, COLO, CS, RM); T9S R73W: Johnston cause it grows in inaccessible habitats, the & Hendzel 2658, 10/4/82 (COLO); O'Kane 53,

species is probably not threatened. Unless 8/29/84 (COLO, CS, RM); Shubert 20-2, inventories indicate otherwise, this taxon 7/20/54 (COLO, CS); Weber 12984, 9/25/66 should be downgraded to Category 3C. (COLO); T9S R78W: Stevens 1, 9/3/59 Boulder County: TIS R73W: Payson (COLO, CS). Summit Counts': T8S R78W: 1558, 7/6/19 (COLO, RM). Clear Creek Price 403, 7/27/79 (COLO). County: T4S R74W: Shear 755, 8/19/1895 Rorippa coloradensis Stuckey, Sida 4: 303- (RM); Tweedy 748, 7/15/03 (RM). Larimer 305. 1972. County: T4N R74W: Ashton 172, 7/27/30 Map 70 (RM); T5N R73W: Osterhout 1497, 7/28/1897 (RM); T9N R74W: Osterhout 1323, 8/1893 Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). 2*. (RM); TUN R71W: Kunkel s.n., 6/23/73 Federal STATUS. —Category (COLO); Osterhout 5132, 7/4/14 (COLO, The Colorado watercress is known from a RM); Osterhout 2274, 9/7/00 (COLO, RM); single collection, the type, collected by T. S. Osterhout 1780, 7/21/1898 (Holotvpe: RM); Brandegee in 1875. Stuckey (1972), by care- Osterhout s.n., 7/20/1898 (RM, NY); Oster- fully reconstructing Brandegee s 1875 itine- hout s.n., 7/19/1899 (RM); Osterhout 5524, rary, surmised the collection locality to be 8/14/16 (RM); Osterhout 5602, 8/14/16 (RM); "the vicinity of the lakes of the San Luis Val- Weber & Jones 12392, 6/9/65 (COLO); T12N ley " in Alamosa County. Searches by myself, R71W: Stephens & Brooks 43467, 8/10/70 J. Anderson, and H. Dixon in 1986, and peri- (KANU). odically by others, did not relocate the spe- cies. Wetlands in the San Luis Valley are con- Ptilagrostis porteri (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, tinually modified by systems of canals, the Bull. Torr. Club 32: 599. 1905. digging of artesian wells, and conversion for

Map 69 agriculture. This species is presumed extinct. October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado's Rare Flora 465

Location obscure: Brandegee 1069, 1875 textured soils that are often derived from the (PH). Mancos shale in shadscale, greasewood, and juniper communities at elevations generally Saussurea weberi Hulten, Svensk Bot. Tid- near 1,550 m. Welsh (1987) considers this skr. 53: 200-202. 1959. taxon to be a straight-spined form of Sclero-

Map 71 cactus whipplei var. roseus, stating that "specimens with straight spines have long Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). been known" and that "they differ in no other Synonym. S. alpina DC. sensu Harring- — discernible way from the body of the species." ton. Straight spines are "considered ... to be tax- Federal STATUS. —Category 3C. onomically negligible." Plants with straight In Colorado this species is limited to the spines, as opposed to the usually hooked Mosquito Range and contiguous Hoosier spines of S. whipplei, occur through much of Ridge where it grows on gravelly tundra the range of S. whipplei, although they are slopes and amidst scree, often on solifluction more common in eastern Utah and western lobes, at elevations of ca 3, 200 to 4, 355 m. It is Colorado. Whatever the taxonomic status of most often found growing on exposed sites this controversial taxon, it is relatively wide- with poorly developed soils derived from spread and abundant. Although threats to the Leadville limestone and Manitou dolomite. taxon exist, e.g., poaching by cactus collectors Saussurea weberi is also known from a few and a proposed reservoir north of DeBeque, localities in west central Wyoming in Sublette the species is threatened in only a fraction of and Fremont counties (Dorn 1988) and from its range and should, therefore, be reduced to west central Montana in Deer Lodge and Category 3C, or perhaps 3B, status. Granite counties (Dorn 1984). Threats in Delta County: T14S R94W: Neese 13206, Wyoming and Montana are not known, but in 5/9/83 (BRY); T15S R96W: Heil s.n., 10/76 Colorado some populations are threatened by (BRY). Garfield County: T7S R98W: Arp hard-rock mining in its mineral-rich area of 1017, 6/20/70 (COLO); Kelley 83-6, 5/18/83 endemism. (CS); Weber 13978, 5/15/69 (COLO); T8S Park County: T8S R77W: Weber & Thorn- R97W: Arp 1006, 6/20/70 (COLO); Arp 1006, burg 4448, 8/31/48 (COLO); T8S R78W: 6/20/70 (KHD). Mesa County: TIS RIE: Arp Huestis s.n., 8/14/05 (Isotypes: COLO, RM); 1672, 7/8/71 (COLO); TIS R2E: Peterson Penland 4254, 7/28/51 (BRY, COLO); TIOS 83-39, 5/11/83 (CS); T2S R2E: Baker 83-1, R78W: Neely 3070, 7/9/85 (CS); Weber 5/11/83 (CS); Neese 13438, 5/27/83 (CS) 13304, 7/12/67 (COLO); TIOS R79W: O'Kane Peterson & Kennedy 83-288, 5/10/83 (CS) & Anderson 2581, 8/6/86 (CS, NY, RM); T8S R97W: Kelley 83-14, 5/19/83 (CS) Weber & Hogan 17508, 8/16/85 (COLO). Weber 12353, 5/15/65 (COLO); T13S R97W Summit County: T6S R76W: Johnston 1479, Neese & Abbott 13580, 6/15/83 (BRY). Mon- 8/15/77 (COLO, RM); T8S R77W: Weber trose County: T51N R98W: Arp 1691, 9/4/71 4313, 7/24/48 (COLO). (COLO).

Sclerocactus glaucus (K. Schum.) L. Benson, Sclerocactus mesae-verdae (Boiss. & David- Cact. Succ. (Los Angeles). 38: 53. 1966. J. son) L. Benson, Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 163. Map 72 1951. Map 73 Family. —Cactaceae. Synonyms. —Sclerocactus whipplei (En- Family. —Cactaceae. gelm.) Britt. var. — & Rose glaucus (J. A. Pur- Synonyms. Echinocactus inesae-verdae pus) Welsh, S. whipplei (Engelm.) Britt. & (Boiss. & Davidson) L. Benson, Coloradoa Rose var. roseus (Clover) L. Benson sensu mesae-verdae Boiss. & Davidson, Pediocactus lat., Echinocactus glaucus K. Schum. mesae-verdae (Boiss. & Davidson) Arp. Federal status. —Threatened. Federal status. —Threatened. The Uinta Basin bookless cactus occurs in The Mesa Verde cactus is limited, in Colo- northeastern Utah as well as in Mesa, rado, to Ute Mountain Ute tribal lands in the Garfield, Delta, and Montrose counties, Col- Four Corners area in Montezuma County orado. In Colorado the species grows on fine- where it grows on barren Mancos shale hills 466 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

and flats with Athplex corrugata and A. con- Pale blue-eyed-grass is known from a few fertifolia at elevations of 1,605 to 1,690 m. localities in central and north central Colo- The species is also known from a few^ scattered rado and southern Albany County, Wyoming. stations in San Juan County, New Mexico. The species grows in wet meadows with rich This taxon experiences a substantial degree of organic soils. Sedges, grasses, and other wet- poaching from cactus collectors and is occa- land species such as Thglochin maritima,Jun- sionally trampled by domestic livestock. ORV cus balticus. Primula incana, and Dode- use of its barren habitat also accounts for some catheon pulchellum are common associates.

mortality, and it is threatened by oil and gas Elevations range from 2,415 to 2,900 m. Pop- exploration and development. ulations in South Park may be threatened by Montezuma Counts': T32N R17W: Peter- the ditching of wetlands for water diversion son & Baker 83-16, 5/5/83 (CS); T33N R17W: projects. The species is apparently rare, but Arp 1476, 9/6/70 (COLO); Peterson & Baker inventories for the taxon have not been con- 83-10, 5/4/83 (CS); O'Kane & Jamieson 2631, ducted. The species, because it inhabits 28/4/87 (KM); Weber s.n., 6/13/50 (COLO). fragile wetland habitats and because it ap- pears to be rare, should be considered a Cate- Senecio dimorphophyllus Greene var. inter- gory 2 species until inventories better docu- Kansas Acad. medius T. M. Barkley, Trans. ment its status. Sci. 65: 363. 1962. Larimer Count\: T5N R74W: Cholewa Map 74 572, 7/12/80 (ID); TUN R76W^: Wilken 14636, 7/9/86 (CS). Park Counts-: T7S R75W^ Beetle Family. —Asteraceae (Compositae). 2101, 8/4/37 (RM); T7S R76W: Ramaley & Federal STATUS. —Category 2. Gambill 16878, 7/13/39 (COLO); Weber The intermediate groundsel is known from 17380, 7/20/84 (COLO, CS); Weber & Ran- three areas of endemism: the La Sal Moun- dolph 17380, 7/20/84 (COLO, CS); T8S tains in Grand and San Juan counties, Utah; R75W: Cholewa 448, 7/13/79 (ID), Cholewa near the town of Mont Lewis in Sanpete 150, 7/13/78 (ID); Cholewa 437, 7/12/79 (MO); County, Utah; and from the Uncompahgre T8S R76W: Harrington 9084, 7/14/59 (CS); Plateau in Mesa, Montrose, and Ouray coun- TIOS R76W: Cholewa 454, 7/13/79 (MO); ties, Colorado. The species, in Colorado, TllS R76W: Cholewa 450, 7/13/79 (ID), grows in wet meadows, often with Pentaphyl- Cholewa 157 (ID); T12S R76W: Cholewa 456, loides and Veratnmi, at elevations of 2,650 to 7/13/79 (Holotvpe: ID, Isotypes: CAN, CS, 3,010 m. Surrounding vegetation is Engel- MO, NY, RM); Jennings s.n., 7/4/85 (CS). mann spruce and aspen. The species is appar- ently infrequent and threats have not been Spiranthes diluvialis Sheviak, Brittonia 36: identified. The effects of livestock grazing are 8-14. 1984. not known. This taxon should remain a Cate- Map 76 gory 2 species until thorough inventories are Family. —Orchidaceae. conducted. Synonym. —Spiranthes porhfolia Lindl. Mesa County: T51N R16W: Anderson sensu Goodrich, Neese, and Welsh. 87-159, 9/1/87 (COLO). Montrose Counts: Federal status. —Category 2. T46N RllW: Anderson 86-147, 8/28/86 Dilu\ivun lady's tresses is known from (COLO); T47N RUW: Anderson 86-146, several wideK' di.sjunct localities in Colorado 8/28/86 (COLO, CS); T47N R12W: Anderson (Boulder and Jefferson counties and the 86-145, 8/28/86 (COLO); T48N R14VV: An- "South Fork of the Platte"), Nevada (Lincoln derson 86-142, 8/28/86 (COLO); Douglass County), and Utah (Daggett, Ciaifield, 54-349, 6/23/54 (COLO). Ouray Count*: Tooele, Utah, Wayne, Salt Lake, and Weber T46N RllW: Anderson s.n., 8/28/86 (COLO). counties). The species occupies wet meadows least in Colorado and Sisyrinchium pallidum Cholewa & D. Hen- iu iloodplains and, at I'tah, does not tolerate heavy grazing (B. Jen- derson, Brittonia 36: 361-362. 1984. nings, personal communication, Sheviak Map 75 1984). Localities in Salt Lake, Tooele, and Family. —Iridaceae. Utah counties, Utah, have been extirpated; Federal status. —None. a Boulder County, Colorado, population has "

October 1988 O'Kane; Colorado's Rare Flora 467 been impacted by grazing. The disjunct pat- dasyclada, Mentzelia argillosa, and Penste- tern of distribution indicates that the taxon mon dehilis. This site has been designated a may be found in suitable habitat in interven- Colorado Natural Area. Elevations range from ing areas. Sheviak (1984) states that, because 1,920 to 2,682 m. The species is unusual be- of the complexity of the group, "a significant cause it occupies windswept, harsh sites while number of specimens may be misdetermined its congeners prefer mesic, usually shaded and the stations consequently undetected." conditions in the mountains. Oil shale compa- Inventories are needed to ascertain the status nies have used the species for revegetation of this taxon. Rydberg (1906) notes a locality following shale extraction with great success. for Spiranthes porrifolia from "Camp Hard- Inventories for the species are complete, and ing, near Pike's Peak. "The collection Rydberg the decision whether or not to list the species consulted has not been located (B. Jennings, as endangered or threatened depends, in personal communication) but probably be- part, on the likelihood of extensive oil shale longs to S. diluvialis as S. porrifolia is known extraction in the near future. only from west of Colorado (Cronquist et al. Garfield County: T5S RIOOW: Kelley 1977). 138, 8/3/83 (CS); T6S R95W: Nicholas 83, Location obscure (Probably Weld or Mor- 6/20/81 (CS); T6S R96W: Harner 1918, gan County): "South Fork of the Platte, 7/16/83 (COLO); T6S R97W: Mustard 3365a, H. Engelmann s.n., 9/1856 (MO). Boulder 7/22/81 (COLO); T6S R98W: Camp, Dresser County: TIS R70W: Jennings 86-9, 8/12/86 & McKee, Co. 3666, 7/8/82 (COLO); Mustard (COLO, CS, NYS, RM); Jennings 86-6, 2760, 6/3/81 (COLO); T7S R96W: O'Kane & 7/30/86 (COLO, CS, NYS, RM); Jennings Anderson 2421, 6/11/86 (COLO, NY, RM). 86-7, 8/2/86 (COLO, CS, NYS, RM); Sharps Rio Blanco County: T3S R99W: Allard & s.n., 7/30/85 (COLO). Jefferson County: Walker 607, 8/26/81 (CS); Erdman s.n., T3S R69W: B. Anderson 1827, 7/25/81 8/23/77 (COLO); Neese & Baker 11950, (KHD); Jennings s.n., 8/8/84 (CS); Root 7/10/82 (BRY); Popp & Waters 82-419, 8/2/82 85-55, 8/26/85 (KHD); T3S R70W: Bye 9769, (BRY, COLO, CS, RM); Waters s.n., 7/15/81 9/6/80 (COLO); Sheviak 224, bloomed in hort. (CS); Wiley-Eberle 534, 7/17/80 (CS); T3S (NYS), Sheviak 2313, 8/2/82 (NYS), Callas RIOOW: O'Kane 3226, 1/7/87 (COLO, MO, s.n., 8/17/84 (KHD); Gambill et al. s.n., 7/23/ RM); Wilken 13864, 7/14/82 (Holotype: RM, 81 (COLO); Jennings s.n., 8/8/84 (CS); She- Isotypes: BRY, COLO, CS, NY);T4S RIOOW: viak, Jennings, Long & Wood 2257, 7/17/82 Baker & Naumann 82-286, 7/13/82 (BRY, CS, (Isotype: COLO); Smookler s.n., 8/18/80 RM). Mesa County: T8S R95W; reported by

(COLO). Johnston in 1985 and J. Anderson in 1987.

Thalictrum heliophilum Wilken & DeMott, Other Rare Taxa Brittonia35: 156-158. 1983. Map 77 The Colorado Natural Areas Program Family. —Ranunculaceae. (1988) includes two additional taxa on its list Federal STATUS. —Category 2. of highest priority rare plants. At this time The sun-loving meadowrue grows on steep neither taxon is recommended for federal talus slopes and ridges covered with broken, status as no threats are known that could shifting plates of the Parachute Creek Mem- significantly affect them. They are, however, ber of the Green River shale. Associated vege- biologically interesting endemics. These spe- tation is very sparse, typically with scattered cies are not included in Figures 1 and 2. plants of Cijmopteriis hendersonii, Holodis- Arabis vivariensis Welsh, Great Basin Nat. cus diwiosiis. Astragalus lutosus, and Chnjso- 46: 261-264. 1986. thamnus nauseosus. The species is limited to the Piceance Basin, the Roan Plateau, and to Map 78 the ridge east of Horse Mountain and south of Family. —Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). the Colorado River. Thalictrum heliophilum Synonyms. —Arabisfemaldiana Rollins var. is occasionally found with another oil shale fernaldiana sensu lat., Boechera femaldiana endemic, Lesquerella parviflora. The popula- (Rollins) Weber sensu lat. tion on Mount Callahan is found with Festuca Federal status. —None. 468 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

The park rockcress is endemic to Uintah Gunnison County: Location obscure: County, Utah, and Dinosaur National Monu- Flowers 659, 6/12/61 (CS); Hall 553, 7/15/61 ment in western Moffat County, Colorado. (CS); Hall 576, 7/18/61 (COLO); T47N R3W: The species grows on sandy soils derived from Grey 41, 6/17/80 (COLO); Grev 158, 6/27/80 the Weber Formation in Colorado. In Utah, (COLO); Grev 196, 7/3/80 (COLO); Grey 520, besides sandstone, it is known to occur on 8/22/80 (COLO); Grev 212, 7/22/80 (COLO); limestone (Welsh et al. 1987). Its habitat is the Grey 157, 7/28/81 (CS); Grev 1426, 7/28/81 shade and duff beneath pinyon-juniper wood- (CS); Johnston 1790, 7/10/78 (COLO); T48N lands, these frequently with cryptogamic soils R2E: Langenheim 4059, 8/12/55 (RM); T48N and often on steep canyon slopes. Elevations R4W: Grey 290, 7/9/80 (COLO); Grey 697, range from 1,525 to 2,150 m. Little is known 8/19/80 (COLO); Grev 705, 8/19/80 (COLO); about the taxon because it has only recently Grey 715, 8/21/80 (COLO); Grev 674, 8/19/80 been the focus of a botanical inventory (Gala- (COLO); Grev 481, 7/21/80 (COLO); Weber towitsch et al. 1988). Preliminary data from an 9356, 7/27/55 (COLO, CS, RM); T48N R5W: inventory conducted in the spring of 1988 Grev 437, 7/18/80 (COLO); Grev 480, 7/21/80 (T. Naumann, personal communication) indi- (COLO); Grev 1188, 6/22/81 (CS); Grey 720, cate that the park rockcress may be more 8/21/80 (COLO); T49N R4W: Ripley & Barne- abundant in the canyons of Dinosaur National by 10208, n.d. (NY). Hinsdale County: Monument than was previously thought. No T44N R2W: Grev 746, 8/22/80 (COLO); Grey current threats to the species are known, and 930, 8/29/80 (COLO); Grev 939, 8/29/80 the species is not recommended for federal (COLO); Ratzloff 142, 8/23/78 (COLO). Mon- status. Dinosaur National Monument man- trose Count\': T47N R6W: Rollins 1995, 8/37 agement plans will include consideration of (NY, RM); T49N R7W: Grey 465, 7/20/80 this species. Arahis vivariensis is similar to (COLO); T50N R8W: Grev 454, 7/19/80 A.fernaldiana from Nevada but differs in hav- (COLO); Grev 714, 8/20/80 (COLO); Grey ing smaller flowers and a shorter stvle (Welsh 464, 7/19/80 (COLO). Ouray Count\': T44N et al. 1987). R7W: Osterhout 8365, 7/25/15 (RM). MoffatCounty: T6N RIOIW: Neelv 4069, 5/19/87 (COLO, CS, DINO); Neely 4053, 5/19/87 (COLO, DINO, RM); T6N R102W: Note Added in Proof O'Kane 2829, 5/19/87 (COLO, CS, DINO); G. Harris, monographer of Bra|/a (1985), Neely 4117, 5/28/87 (COLO, DINO, RM); J. recently annotated the specimens at CS (D. T6N R103W: Neely 4204, 6/1/87 (COLO, Wilken, personal communication). Material DINO, RM); T6N R104W: O'Kane 3007, previously assigned to Braija humilis ssp. ven- 6/1/87 (COLO, DINO, RM); O'Kane 3002, tosa is now divided between B. humilis var. 6/1/87 (COLO, DINO, RM); T7N R103W: glabella and var. Iiuinilis. Although interest- Neely 4224, 6/3/87 (COLO, DINO, RM); ing long-distance disjuncts, neither taxon Neely 4405, 6/16/87 (BRY, COLO, DINO). should be considered a candidate for U.S. Gilia penstemonoides Jones, Zoe 4:279-280. Fish and Wildlife Service endangered or 1893. threatened status. Information on the status of

Map 78 specimens at other herbaria is not currently Family. —Polemoniaceae. available; specimens at CS are as follows. Federal status. —Category 3C. Braifa huiyiilis ssp. humilis: Neelv 3211, The Black Canyon gilia has its center of 3125, 3174, 3220a, 3311, O'Kane 2144, 2152, distribution in the Black Canyon of the Gun- 2171 ; Peterson et al. 82-56; Walter 28; Weber nison and on Blue Mesa where it grows on & Rollins 6491; Weber & Roloff" 16328. igneous and metamorphic rocks of vertical Braifa hwinlis ssp. g,labella: Neelv 3170, cliff faces. The nature of the habitat of the 3174, 3183; Siems 1592, 7/31/87 "ca 15 mi species and its occurrence in Black Canyon of WSW of Buena Vista" (CS) is a new collection. the Gunnison National Monument provide it with protection from factors that threaten Acknowledgments other rare Colorado endemics. While not abundant, the tiixon has a relatively large area I thank the curators of the following of endemism. herbaria for their indispensable help: Dieter October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 469

Wilken (CS), William Weber (COLO), Stan- Appendix ley Welsh (BRY), Ronald Hartman (RM), and Ralph Brooks (KANU). John Anderson, who The maps on the following pages show the supplied most of the material for the discus- geographical range of species treated in the sions o( Astragalus ripleyi, Hymenoxys hele- text. Map symbols are as follows: nioides, and Senecio dimorphophyllus var. intermedius, has not only lent his keen eye for Solid circles Unambiguous locations taken rare plants but has been an indefatigable com- from herbarium specimens. panion and friend on numerous collecting Circles cover ca five townships forays. David Kuntz and Sue Galatowitsch, and, therefore, may represent colleagues at the Colorado Natural Areas Pro- more than one collection lo- ably contributed to botanical explo- gram, my cality. rations and research. Recent collectors who have contributed significantly to the knowl- Open circles Locations based on field sur- edge of Colorado's flora, particularly its rare veys for which no specimens flora, include William Baker, Rupert exist. Data from the Colorado Barneby, Dave Buckner, David Johnson, Natural Areas Program (CNAP) Barry Johnston, Warren Kaemmerer, Walt data base. Specimen-based Kelley, Ronald McGregor, Betsy Neely, localities always supercede Elizabeth Neese, Scott Peterson, Bob J. CNAP reports. Circles cover Ratzloff, Reveal, H. A. Popp, Jim James ca four townships and, there- "Steve" Stephens, Joyce Walker, William fore, may represent more than Weber, Stanley Welsh, Karen Wiley-Eberle, one reported locality. and Dieter Wilken. Comments from John Anderson, William Weber, and Dieter Triangles Approximate locations based Wilken improved this document substan- on herbarium records. Locali- tially. Status recommendations and opinions ties cannot with confidence be expressed herein are my own, however, and assigned to a particular town- are not necessarily those of the Colorado Nat- ship. ural Areas Program nor of colleagues listed above. Special thanks to Sarah and Leanna. Star Indicates a specimen-based rec- Publication costs were graciously provided by ord that can be placed only ten- the Savage Endowment. tatively in a county. 470 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 471

Maps 7-12 Distribution of Astragalus (7) debequaeus, (8) A. deterior, (9) A. hamiltoniu (10) A. humillimus '\(11) A iintjolius, and (12) A. microcy77ibus. / 472 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Oi Rare Flora 473 October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado's 474 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

pcnlandii. Festuca Maps 25-30. Distril)uti()n ()1'(25) Eriogonum clavellattim, (26) E. ))rlinophiliim, (21) Eutrnna (28) dasijclada, (29) F. hallii, and (30) Frasera coloradensis. Flora 475 October 1988 O'KanE: Colorado's Rare

Hackelia gracilenta (33) ii^vlopappus 31-36. Distribution of (31) Gaura neoviexicana ssp. coloradensis, (32) Maps var. Ipovwpsis glohulans, and (36) /. polyantha fremontii ssp. rnonocephalus, (34) Hymenoxys heleioides, (35) polyantha. 476 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 Colorado's Rare Flora 477 October 1988 O'Kane;

Mimulus Mentzelia argillosa, (45) M. d.nsa, (46) Maps 43-48. Distribution of (43) Lygodesmia doloresensis (44) Neoparrya lithophylla. gemmiparus, (47) Mirabilis rotundifolia, and (48) 478 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4 Flora 479 October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare

grahamii, P. degeneru (57) P. gibbensii, (58) P. (59) Maps 55-60. Distribution of (55) Penstenion debilis, (56) P. harringtonii, and (60) P. parviflorus. 480 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

Maps 61-66. Distribution o{{6\) Pensternon penlandii (62) P. rptrorsus. (63) Phacelia fonnosula. (64) P submutica. (65) Phlox caryophylla. and (66) Physaria hellii. 481 October 1988 O'Kane: Colorado's Rare Flora

var. rupincola, (69) Ptilagrostis porteri, Maps 67-72. Distribution of (67) Physaria obcordata, (68) Potentilla effusa Saussurea weberi, and (72) Sclerocactus glaucus. (70) Rorippa coloradensis , (71) 482 Great Basin Natupialist Vol. 48, No. 4

JArabis October 1988 OKane: Colorado's Rare Flora 483

, Flessa, Literature Cited Jablonski, D K W and J W Valentine 1985. Biogeographv and paleobiology. Paleobiology 11: Barneby. R C 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus. 75-90. Mem. New York Bot. Card. Vol. L3. 1,188 pp. Jones, M E. 1923. Revision of North American species of Barrell, J 1969. Flora of the Gunni.son Basin. Natural Astragalus. Published bv the author, Salt Lake Land Inst., Rockford, 111. City, Utah. 288 pp. Beetle, A A 1959. New names with the section Tride- Kearney, t. H, andR H Peebles. 1960. [1951]. Arizona tatae oi Artemisia. Rhodora 61: 82-85. flora. University of California Press, Berkeley. Colorado Natural Areas Program. 1988. Colorado 1032 pp. -I- supplement. plant species of special concern—March 1988. Knight, P J . A Cully, B Johnston, and S L. OKane, Unpublished report, Colorado Natural Areas Pro- Jr 1986. Status report on Phlox caryophylla. gram, Dept. Nat. Res., Denver, Colorado. 28 pp. Unpublished report, Colorado Natural Areas

Cronquist, a , A H Holmgren, N H Holmgren, J L Program, Denver. 31 pp. Reveal, and P K Holmgren 1977. Intermoun- Kruckeberg, a R 1986. An essay: the stimulus of un- tain flora. Vol. 6. Columbia Universitv Press, New usual geologies for plant speciation. Syst. Bot. 11: York. 584 pp. 455-463. 1984. Intermountain flora. Vol. 4. New York Bot. Lellinger. D B 1985. Ferns and fern-allies of the Card., Bronx, New York. 573 pp. United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institu- 1934. of the Mentze- Darlington, J A monograph genus tion Press, Washington, D.C. 389 pp. lia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 21: 157-158. Martin, W C , andC R Hutchins 1980. A flora of New Diamond, M 1984. "Normal" extinctions of isolated J Mexico. J. Cramer, Vaduz. 2 vols. populations. In. M. H. Nitecki, ed., Extinctions. Mason, H L 1946a. The edaphic factor in narrow en- University of Press, Chicago. Chicago demism. I. The nature of environmental influ- Dorn, R D 1984. Vascular plants ofMontana. Mountain ences. Madrono 8: 209-226. West Pub., Cheyenne, Wyoming. 276pp. 1946b. The edaphic factor in narrow endemism. 1988. Vascular plants of Wyoming. Mountain II. The geographic occurrence of plants of highly West Pub., Cheyenne, Wyoming. 340pp. restricted patterns of distribution. Madroiio 8:

Dorn, R D and J L Dorn 1980. Illustrated guide to 241-257. special interest vascular plants of Wyoming. Re- Maxon, W. R 1912. The relationship of Asplenium an- port published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service drewsii. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 1-2, pi. 2. and Bureau of Land Management. 67 pp. McVaugh, R 1957. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in Mex- Ecology Consultants 1979. Proposed and recom- ico. American Fern. Journal 47: 135-137. mended threatened and endangered plant species Menges, E S. 1986. Predicting the future of rare plant of the Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region. populations: demographic monitoring and model-

Report prepared for U.S. For. Serv. Region 2 in ing. Natural Areas J. 6: 13-25. 1978 and expanded and corrected by B. C. John- Mohlenbrock, R H 198.3. Where have all the wildflow- ston 1979. 169 pp. + addenda. ers gone? MacMillan Pub. Co., Inc., New York.

Galatowitsch, S , T Naumann, S L OKane, Jr , and 239 pp. B. E. Neely. 1988. 1987 inventory of the plant Mountain West Environmental Services. 1987. Rare species of special concern and the general flora plant inventory interim report. Unpublished of Dinosaur National Monument (annual prog- report, U.S. Bureau of Land Mgmt., Grand ress report). Unpublished report, Colorado Junction, Colorado. Natural Areas Program, Denver, Colorado. 24 Neely, E E, AND AT Carpenter. 1986. Size, structure, pp. + appendices. and habitat characteristics of populations oiBraya Goodrich. S., and E Neese. 1986. Uinta Basin flora. humilis var. humilis (Brassicaceae): an alpine USDA For. Serv., Intermountain Reg.; LISDA disjunct from Colorado. Great Basin Nat. 46; For. Serv., Ashley Nat. For.; USDI Bureau of 728-735. Land Mgmt., Vernal Dist. 320 pp. New Mexico Native Plant Protection Advisory Com- Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the mittee 1984. A handbook of rare and endemic Great Plains. University Press of Kansas, Law- plants of New Mexico. University of New Mexico rence. 1,392 pp. Press, Albuquerque. 291 pp. Harms, V. L 1985. A reconsideration of the nomenclature OKane, S. L., Jr 1986. Floristic reconnaissance of the and of the Festuca altaica complex San Luis Valley. Unpublished report, Colorado (Poaceae) in North America. Madrorio 32: 1-10. Natural Areas Program, Denver, Colorado. 18 pp. Harrington, H D Manual of the plants of Colorado. + appendices. Sage Books, Swallow Press, Inc., Chicago. 666 pp. 1987a. Status report for Lesquerella parvijlora.

Harris, J G. 1985. A revision of the genus Braija (Cruci- Unpublished report, Colorado Natural Areas Pro-

ferae) in North America. Unpublished disserta- gram, Denver, Colorado. 27 pp. -I- appendices. tion. University of Alberta, Edmonton. 1987b. Status report for P/iace/ia su^jmwftca. Un-

Hashemi, A , A Estilai. J E West, and J G Waines. published report, Colorado Natural Areas Pro- 1988. Artificial hybridization of rubber-bearing gram, Denver, Colorado. 30 pp. + appendices. guayule with cold-tolerant Partheniwn ligulatum. 1987c. Status report (or Physaria obcordata. Un-

Amer. J. Bot. 75: 197-204. published report, Colorado Natural Areas Pro-

Hashemi.A J E West.andJ G Waines 1986. Chromo- gram, Denver, Colorado. 25 pp. + appendices. some pairing and pollen fertility in interspecific 1987d. Status report for Thalictrum heliophilum. hybrids of species of Partheniuin (Asteraceae). Unpublished report, Colorado Natural Areas Pro-

Amer. J. Bot. 73: 980-988. gram, Denver, Colorado. 27 pp. + appendices. 484 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 48, No. 4

for listing as or threatened species; OKaNE, S L, Jr , D H WiLKEN, AND R L Hartman endangered 1988. Noteworthy collections. Madrono 35; notice of review. Fed. Reg. 50(188) 50 CFR Part 72-74. 17; reprint edition pp. 1-57. and 1987. Endangered and threatened wildlife and Pavlick. L. E , AND J Logman. 1984. Taxonomy nomenclature of rough fescues, Festuca altaica, F. plants. \J.S. Government Printing Office, campestris (F. scabrella var. major) and F. hallii, Washington, DC. Pub. No. 50 CFR 17.11 & in Canada and the adjacent part of United States. 17.12.32 pp. Weber, 1961. Additions to the flora of Colorado. Canadian J. Bot. 62; 1739-1749. W A plants Univ. Colorado Stud., Series in Biology No. 7: Peterson, J S 1982. Threatened and endangered of Colorado. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pub., 1-26. Region 6, Denver, Colorado. 25 pp. 1976. Rocky Mountain flora. 5th ed. Colorado

Assoc. Univ. Pr., Boulder, Colorado 479 -I- Peterson] S , andW L Baker. 1982. Inventory of the pp. Piceance Basin, Colorado; threatened and endan- addenda. gered plants, plant associations, and the general 1987. Colorado flora; western slope. Colorado As- flora. 5 vols. Unpublished report. Bureau of Land soc. Univ. Pr., Boulder, Colorado. 530 pp. Management, Denver, Colorado. Welsh. S L. 1978a. Problems in plant endemism on the Colorado Plateau. Great Basin Nat. Mem. 2; Reveal, J L 1969. A revision of the genus Eriogontim (Polygonaceae). Unpublished dissertation. Brig- 191-195. ham Young University, Provo, Utah. 1978b. Endangered and threatened plants of RydbergP A 1906. [1905], Flora of Colorado. Bull. 100, Utah; a reevaluation. Great Basin Nat. 38: 1-18. Colorado Agr, Expt. Sta., Fort Collins, Colorado. Welsh, S L, N D Atwood, L C Higgins, and 448 pp. S Goodrich 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Nat.

Sheviak.C J 1984. Spiranf/ies(/i7(it'ia/is(Orchidaceae), a Mem. 9;l-894.

new species from the western United States. Brit- Welsh, S L , N D Atwood. and J L Reveal 1975. tonia36;8-14. Endangered, threatened, extinct, endemic, and Stebbins, G L 1980. Rarity of plant species; a synthetic rare or restricted Utah vascular plants. Great viewpoint. Rhodora 82; 77-86. Basin Nat. 35: 327-376.

S . L. 1985. Utah's rare Stebbins, C L , and J Major 1965. Endemism and spe- Welsh, L and M Chatterly ciation in the California flora. Ecol. Monogr. 35; plants revisited. Great Basin Nat. 45; 173-236.

1-35. Welsh, S L , and K H. Thorne 1979. Illustrated manual Stuckey, R. L 1972. Taxonomy and distribution of the of proposed endangered and threatened plants of genus Rorippa (Cruciferae) in North America. Utah. Report published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sida 4: 279-430. Service, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. ex- Forest Service, Denver, Colorado. 318 Terborgh, J , and B Winter 1980. Some causes of pp.

tinction. In: M. E. Soule and B. A. Wilcox, eds.. WiTTMANN, R C , W A Weber, .\nd B C Johnston. Conservation biology; an evolutionary-ecological 1988. Flora of Colorado: computer-generated cat-

perspective. Sinauer Assoc. , Sunderland, Minne- alog. Alphabetical list of accepted names and sota. synonyms for vascular plants, lichens, and

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985. Endangered and bryophytes. Unpublished report. Museum, Uni- threatened wildlife and plants; review of plant taxa versity of Colorado, Boulder.