DOCSLIB.ORG

Ferro Container Glass Enamel Decoration Systems Overview

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Technical Information Container Glass Enamel Decoration Ferro: enhancing life through superior materials performance Headquartered in Mayfeld Heights, Ohio, USA, Ferro Corporation is a world leading producer of Performance Materials, with operations in 20 countries across Europe, Asia and the Americas. We apply core technologies in organic and Meeting the needs of the Color World calls for inorganic chemistry to develop leading market great foresight, fexibility and innovation … positions in a diverse range of industries. • Our global presence is a strong competitive Our mission is “to achieve market leadership advantage. Technical, marketing and management through a customer-focused and highly creative personnel are in continuous contact with customers organisation committed to delivering top quality in every major region. Multinational customers can products and outstanding services to customers be assured of standard products and consistent worldwide”. quality wherever they have operations. Our materials are used to add value to, and to • We co-ordinate our R&D activities globally and improve the performance of products in a variety use our international talent to ensure that product of end markets including building and renova- specifcations and performance are designed tion, home appliances, cookware, giftware and to satisfy the specifc requirements demanded by tableware, transportation, household furnishings, regional markets. leisure, electronics and industrial products. • Ferro views the world-wide concern for the en- We are among the world’s leading suppliers of vironment as an opportunity to develop improved ceramic glazes and colors, glass decoration, products and also to participate in chemical indus- speciality glasses and porcelain enamel coatings. try effor ts to address public concern. Environmen- We pioneered the development of forehearth tal concerns are a major driving force behind the color technology for coloring of glass. evolution of our lead- and cadmium-free technolo- gy and our low VOC decoration systems. Our global commitment to quality, reliability, inno- vation and personal customer care is founded on • The markets we cover are extremely service- over 80 years of experience in serving the changing intensive. Ferro has established regional color needs of industry, from our international network matching, blending/pasting and technical support of manufacturing plants and service centres. Our facilities, to provide the level of service demanded commitment to quality management has been by our customers in all time zones. recognised with the award of ISO9001 accredita- tion to all of our global manufacturing and research Think of us as High Performance Partners facilities. to manufacturers around the world … ... Helping to create and enhance many of the products you use and enjoy every day of your life. Technical Information HGS02 Container Glass Enamel Decoration Systems-Overview Ferro System Ferro’s container glass products are formulated to Recommendations for screen- 4 meet the needs of our customers from all market printing segments. Drying recommendations Thermal decomposition of the 4 medium Firing recommendations 5 Troubleshooting guide Medium Systems 6 Indirect Printing Processes 7 Content Container Glass Enamel Decoration Systems 2 Ferro systems Heavy metal and lithium Content REACH Update System Test Specifications 3 Thermal expansion coefficient Firing temperature Chemical durability Methods of Use and Recommendations Storage and shelf life 4 Recommendations for converting 4 powders to pastes page 2 Ferro Lead-Free Systems ° Ferro Lead-Containing Systems ° Heavy Metal and Lithium Content Our heavy metal-free systems are in compliance With Packaging and Packaging waste Directive 2004/12/EC and fulfill the following limits: Pb Pb+Cd* Li VNR Plus multi-trip < 100 ppm < 100 ppm < 30 ppm bottles* ** VNS single-trip < 100 ppm < 100 ppm < 30 ppm bottles* VN cosmetic and < 100 ppm < 100 ppm perfume bottles* ** NPR tumbler & < 100 ppm < 100 ppm tableware* VPS borosilicate < 100 ppm < 100 ppm glass* Our values are measured on our products themselves in dependence on the Packaging and Packaging waste Directive 2004/12/EC * for those containing cadmium-free pigments REACH Update ** Exceptions are the cobalt blue products (VNR Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and 2403, VN 2301 and enamels containing even partially Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is a European these two cobalt blues), which have a guaranteed Pb Union regulation which entered into force June + Cd content of maximum 300 ppm. 2007. The scope of the REACH regulation is to Chrome VI and Mercury are not used in the address the production and use of chemical manufacture of ou r heavy metal-free glass enamels substances, and their potential impacts on both human health and the environment. Heavy Metal Content in Packaging Latest legislation requires decorators to declare the The registration process is an important part of the content of heavy metals in their decorated articles. REACH regulation which requires each legal entity to file a dossier for chemical substances produced in To support you, based on the weight of the glass and Europe or imported into Europe. the enamel deposited on the article, we can calculate the quantity of heavy metals and relate that to the In 2010 the registration started with substances of total weight of the packaging, according to EU annual volumes above 1000 tons, substances above Packaging Directive 2004/12/EC. annual volumes of 1 ton had been due by May 31, 2018. Depending on the volume the regulation of substances have different data requirements for the registration. Companies planning to register a substance are members of consortia with the objective to organize data exchange, manage page 3 necessary toxicological and eco-toxicological studies. and the detergent type. Data and cost sharing is another fundamental aspect To try to overcome these testing variations, Ferro has of the REACH regulation. created its own control tests to evaluate chemical resistance, with a visual testing scale to compare one Substances listed in annex V of the REACH regulation system with another. like substances which occur in nature or non- Acid resistance test method – 10 % citric acid, 15 hazardous frits are exempted irrespective of the min at room temperature. tonnage. The manufacture and importation of Alkali resistance test method – 10 % NaOH, 4 h at substances below 1 ton are also exempted from 88° C. registration. The visual testing scale is as follows: Compliance with the REACH regulation is of highest (1) No attack priority for Ferro. Ferro REACH managers have (2) Iridescence or visible stain on the exposed checked the volumes of production and importation surface when viewed at a 45° angle but not to decide which registrations are necessary. More apparent at angles < 30°. than 200 substances have been registered by Ferro’s (3) Definite staining which does not blur reflected legal entities since 2010. Additional registrations will images and is visible at angles < 30°. be required also in the future if new raw materials (4) Definite stain with gross color change or strongly are imported into Europe or new substances are iridescent surface visible at angles < 30° and produced. which may blur reflected images (5) Surface dull or matt with chalking possible The REACH regulation sets up a system under which a (6) Significant removal of enamel with pin holing hazardous substances may be subject to evident authorization. Substances which may be authorized in (7) Complete removal of enamel in the exposed area the future are listed on the candidate list or list of Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). The presence Additionally, we control upon demand our products of a SVHC substance is communicated to our according to the following market-specific customer in compliance with the REACH regulation. International test methods: Ferro’s policy is to manage any risks, so our research EN 1388-2 – designed specifically for the glass and development departments are continuously tableware market measurement of Cd & Pb looking to replace these substances whenever released by exposure to 4 % acetic acid at 22oC possible. for 24 h, to simulate the effect of exposure to food contact. System Test Specifications 1. Thermal Expansion Coefficient Methods of Use & Recommendations Values quoted are measured between 25 – 300 °C Glass enamels are ground mixtures of fluxes - (with 5 K/min), on the basic fluxes used in the systems formulated according to the fusibility and expansion concerned and they are indicative values. of the glass substrate to be decorated - and inorganic pigments, which produce a wide range of shades after firing. 2. Firing Temperature They can be blended with several types of medium The optimal range shown is based on laboratory system, depending on the final method of application control tests, established during conception of each (direct screening, decal, spraying). system. Our colors from all systems are usually provided in the Under industrial conditions, the actual firing cycle can following forms: be influenced by factors such as the type of kiln, the ware loading, the thickness and weight of the decorated articles. Powder form We recommend setting the fire cycle with our Water-friendly pastes for conventional and systems on site, and our technicians will provide a full electrostatic spraying support to help achieve the optimal conditions. Oil-based liquid pastes for cold screen-printing
Recommended publications
  • CASE 6 Shelf 1 #1 Fancy Opaque Glass 1982.65 WATER Challinor Taylor and Paneled Flower Funds Provided PITCHER Co., Pittsburgh, PA, Pattern, No

    CASE 6 Shelf 1 #1 Fancy Opaque Glass 1982.65 WATER Challinor Taylor and Paneled Flower Funds Provided PITCHER Co., Pittsburgh, PA, Pattern, No

    CASE 6 Shelf 1 #1 Fancy Opaque Glass 1982.65 WATER Challinor Taylor and Paneled Flower Funds provided PITCHER Co., Pittsburgh, PA, pattern, No. 23, by the Fifth patent June 1, 1886 pressed purple slag Annual Benefit opaque soda-lime Antiques Show glass Shelf 1 #2 Fancy Opaque Glass 1990.78 ELECTRIC New Martinsville Peachblow or Gift of Mrs. LIGHT Glass Mfg. Co., New Sunburst line, shaded Betty Woods SHADE Martinsville, WV, pink mold-blown Daniel about 1905-1910 glass with iridescent gold lining 1982.183AB BRIDE’S New Martinsville New Martinsville Gift of Mrs. BOWL ON Glass Mfg. Co., New Peachblow, pink Betty Woods STAND Martinsville, WV, shaded to white Daniel about 1905-1910 mold-blown glass, silver plated stand Shelf 1 #3 Opalescent and Iridescent 1981.138 BERRY Northwood Glass Diamond Funds provided BOWL Company, Indiana, Spearhead pattern, by Mr. Arthur B. PA, about 1900 deep blue shaded to Beaumont opalescent pressed glass 1990.109.1 TWO Dugan Glass Co., Diamond Museum 1990.109.2 MATCHING Indiana, PA, about Spearhead pattern, purchase INDIVIDUAL 1910 deep blue shaded to BERRY opalescent pressed BOWLS glass Shelf 1 #4 Opalescent and Iridescent 1000.164 DISH Dugan Glass Co., Peach opalescent Museum Indiana, PA, about pressed soda-lime purchase 1910-1914 glass with iridescent finish CASE 6 - Page 1 1989.72 BOWL Dugan Glass Co., Petals and Fans Museum Indiana, PA, about pattern on front with purchase 1910-1914 Jeweled Heart pattern on back, amethyst pressed soda-lime glass with deep iridescent finish 1994.39 PLATE Dugan Glass Co., Persian
  • Indoor Glass Cleaning Brochure

    Indoor Glass Cleaning Brochure

    Clean Windows and Glass Faster, Safer and with Less Chemicals Indoor Glass Cleaning A Complete Line For All Glass Cleaning Needs ungerglobal.com Safely and Efficiently Clean All Your Indoor Glass Cleaning professionals face two key challenges when cleaning indoor surfaces such as windows, mirrors and elevators: safety and efficiency. Current window and glass cleaning tools lead to time-consuming and dangerous issues, like re-arranging furniture and reaching high or unusually positioned windows. Unger’s line of indoor window and glass cleaning tools increase productivity and safety by eliminating time spent moving furniture or climbing ladders. Clean Windows The Award Winning Choice 25% Faster and use for Indoor Glass Cleaning The Unger Stingray Ultimate Indoor 39% Less Chemicals Cleaning Tool provides a variety of glass and * window cleaning options, while the multiple than traditional spray and cloth cleaning lightweight extension poles enable you to clean high access areas without the use of ladders! The cleaning solution is powered by 3M Scotchgard™ Protection, which reduces the need to clean glass as often over time and can clean up to 1600 sq. ft. of windows before replacement. SRKT8 Stingray® Indoor Cleaning Kit - Deluxe 10’ shown *Source: Market Research – Professional Window Cleaners. Germany/UK, 2015, SR Strategy Routes Stingray® Indoor glass and window cleaning with Maximum Refillable System The Unger Stingray Flexibility, with new Refillable Refillable System allows ™ you to use your preferred Bottles and QuikPads window cleaning solution while still gaining all the QuikPad™ eliminates the need for laundering safety, speed and cleaning benefits Stingray provides. The QuikPad™ provides even more flexibility, allowing you to clean Adapter Plate used without having to launder with QuikPad™ Refillable bottle allows pads.
  • 6-Stained Glass in Lancaster

    6-Stained Glass in Lancaster

    STAINED GLASS IN LANCASTER Lancaster Civic Society Leaflet 6 St Thomas, in Lancaster Priory by R.F. Ashmead of Abbott & Co (1966} The beauty of stained glass has been recognised since the Middle Ages and it is still popular. Lancaster had three notable stained-glass firms – Seward & Co, Shrigley & Hunt and Abbott & Co – which produced fine work from 1825 to 1996, relying on their artists and craftsmen. Their work The later nineteenth century was a good time for stained glass – new churches, hospitals, town halls, ocean liners, pubs and country houses – the firms’ work can be seen in all these. Shrigley and Hunt initially favoured a Pre-Raphaelite style, lighter in design and colour than its predecessors, strongly decorative, detailed, with realistic scenes and faces telling clear allegories and Biblical stories. Stronger colours were used in the 1880s. Their two main artists, Edward Holme Jewitt and Carl Almquist, had different styles, so widening the firm’s client base. They opened a studio in London to keep Almquist in the firm and to pick up on metropolitan shifts in taste. The firm also made decorative wall tiles. Abbott & Co followed these Late Victorian and Edwardian trends but also developed more modernist styles for interwar houses and in the 1960s. Both firms got contracts in association with the noted Lancaster architectural practice of Paley and Austin. Shrigley and Hunt used their London contacts to get work with Richard Norman Shaw and Alfred Waterhouse. Local magnates such as the Storeys and Williamsons of Lancaster and the brewing families of Boddington (Manchester) and Greenall (Warrington) also patronised them.
  • Glass Windows & Doors

    Glass Windows & Doors

    GLASS WINDOWS & DOORS Applicant must provide a completed application and the following items: Please indicate items submitted with a checkmark (√) 1. Permit application (check appropriate trade) completed and signed 2. Plans with name and address of designer a. New window or door opening 1. Floor plan with location and sizes of new openings 2. Typical wall section 3. Beam or header sizes over new openings 4. Bedroom emergency egress windows located 5. Emergency egress window size given per FBC 2014 5th Edition, Section 1029; FBC 2014 5th Edition Residential 310 and FBC 2014 5th Edition Existing 604 6. Location of electrical outlets and lights if installing new doors. 7. Elevation view of exterior walls with new doors or windows 8. Product Approvals a. Miami-Dade product approval report with referenced engineered plans. b. State of Florida/DCA product approval with Engineered plans c. Engineer’s signed/sealed plans and calculations for custom design. b. Replacing window or doors with same size material 1. Floor plan with location and sizes to be replaced 2. Bedroom emergency egress windows located 3. Emergency egress window size given per FBC 2014 5th Edition, Section 1029; FBC Residential 310 and FBC 2014 5th Edition Existing 604 4. Product Approvals (one of the following) a. Miami-Dade product approval report with referenced engineered plans b. State of Florida/DCA product approval with . Engineered plans c. Engineer’s signed/sealed plans and calculations for custom design. 3. Signed contract and copy of property appraisers structural valuation or other evidence of structure value 4. All project specific details must be identified on engineered plans including construction details of host structure, type and thickness of glazing, design pressures, anchor details, type of fasteners, etc.
  • Schott Zerodur

    Schott Zerodur

    SCHOTT LITHOTEC ZERODUR® ZERODUR® Zero thermal expansion glass ceramic 10152 e ba/kn/wo Printed in Germany Schott Lithotec Shapes and d ZERODUR® For many years ZERODUR® zero thermal The t expansion material has provided for reliable rods designs in precision optical applications. charg The homogeneity of the material properties Even of ZERODUR® enables opto-mechanical engineering solutions with long-term Shap mechanical and thermal stability. The easy- to-achieve optical figure and improved Disks microroughness have contributed to the success of this material. ZERODUR® is widely used as a mirror substrate material and for precision frames in current state-of-the-art microlithography equipment. Rods Specific structuring of the material allows superior stability of designs in ambitious dynamic environments, such as stages in wafer steppers and scanners. With its ability to match zero thermal Plate expansion very closely, ZERODUR® is one of the prime material candidates for substrates in lithography applications at Polis wavelengths around 13 nm (EUVL). Light Applications support from Schott Lithotec is available for material properties and specific customers designs of structured Reticle stage made of ZERODUR ® components. Mechanical P Crite Youn Poiss Knoo 8 inch Wafer Stage Dens made of ZERODUR ® SCHOTT LIT Thermal properties Mean coefficient of The most important and significant properties of the optical glass ceramic linear thermal expansion ZERODUR® are the extremely small coefficient of linear thermal expansion as well as the homogeneity of this coefficient throughout the entire piece. Individual pieces of ZERODUR® (discs, plates, rods) can be supplied with a mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion α in the temperature range 0°C to 50°C in three expansion classes as follows: Expansion class 0 0± 0.02·10-6/K Expansion class 1 0± 0.05·10-6/K Expansion class 2 0± 0.10·10-6/K Material up to Expansion class 2 will be supplied as a standard.
  • Corningware Classic Square Casseroles - Just White

    Corningware Classic Square Casseroles - Just White

    World Kitchen www.worldkitchen.co.uk CorningWare Classic Square Casseroles - Just White Corningware is the one dish that does it all. Uniquely versatile and extremely resilient to temperature changes, it can be put on the stove, in the microwave or the oven the minute it’s out of the fridge, saving you time and effort. •offers real convenience and versatility unmatched by conventional cookware •Amazingly versatile: use on stovetop, oven, broiler (without cover), refridgerator, freezer,microwave and is Dishwasher safe. •healthy cooking experience: non-porous glass-ceramic won’t absorb food odors or flavors or react with acid-based foods. Product Code : 3439 Product Code : 3440 Product Code : 3441 UPC Code : 6300100001249 UPC Code : 8888236021400 UPC Code : 8888236021448 Price : £ 11.99 Price : £ 16.35 Price : £ 18.45 Product Description : Product Description : Product Description : CorningWare Classic Square CorningWare Classic Square CorningWare Classic Square Petite Pan - 700ml Casserole 1L - 17.5cm x Casserole 1.5L - 17.5cm x 17.5cm x h 5cm 17.5cm x h 7.5cm Product Code : 3442 Product Code : 3443 Product Code : 3444 UPC Code : 8888236021196 UPC Code : 8888236015065 UPC Code : 8888236021417 Price : £ 21.15 Price : £ 25.25 Price : £ 34.60 Product Description : Product Description : Product Description : CorningWare Classic Square CorningWare Classic Square CorningWare Classic Square Casserole 2L - 21.5cm x Casserole 3L - 21.5cm x Casserole 5L- 26cm x 26cm 21.5cm x h 6.5cm 21.5cm x h 9.75cm x h 10.75cm World Kitchen www.worldkitchen.co.uk
  • Corning's Care and Safe Handling of Glassware Application Note

    Corning's Care and Safe Handling of Glassware Application Note

    Care and Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware Care and Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware CONTENTS Glass: The Invisible Container . 1 Glass Technical Data . 2 PYREX ® Glassware . 2 PYREXPLUS ® Glassware . 2 PYREX Low Actinic Glassware . 2 VYCOR ® Glassware . 2 Suggestions for Safe Use of PYREX Glassware . 3 Safely Using Chemicals . 3 Safely Handling Glassware . 3 Heating and Cooling . 4 Autoclaving . 4 Mixing and Stirring . 5 Using Stopcocks . 5 Joining and Separating Glass Apparatus . 5 Using Rubber Stoppers . 6 Vacuum Applications . 6 Suggestions for Safe Use of PYREXPLUS Glassware . 6 Exposure to Heat . 7 Exposure to Cold . 7 Exposure to Chemicals . 7 Exposure to Ultraviolet . 7 Exposure to Microwave . 7 Exposure to Vacuum . 7 Autoclaving . 7 Labeling and Marking . 8 Suggestions for Safe Use of Fritted Glassware . 8 Selecting Fritted Glassware . 8 Proper Care of Fritted Ware . 8 Suggestions for Safe Use of Volumetric Glassware . 9 Types of Volumetric Glassware . 9 Calibrated Glassware Markings . 9 Reading Volumetric Glassware . 9 Suggestions for Cleaning and Storing Glassware . 10 Safety Considerations . 10 Cleaning PYREX Glassware . 10 Cleaning PYREXPLUS Glassware . 12 Cleaning Cell Culture Glassware . 12 Rinsing, Drying and Storing Glassware . 13 Glass Terminology . 13 Care and Safe Handling of Laboratory Glassware GLASS: THE INVISIBLE MATERIAL Q PYREX glassware comes in a wide variety of laboratory shapes, sizes and degrees of accuracy — a design to meet From the 16th century to today, chemical researchers have used every experimental need. glass containers for a very basic reason: the glass container is transparent, almost invisible and so its contents and reactions While we feel PYREX laboratory glassware is the best all- within it are clearly visible.
  • Stronger-Than-Glass

    Stronger-Than-Glass

    LIQ Fusion 7000 FBE™ . A Stronger System Than Glass! LIQ Fusion 7000 FBE™ technology is here! In bolted storage tanks, Tank Connection offers the next generation of unmatched coating performance. LIQ Fusion 7000 FBE™ is designed as the replacement for glass/porcelain enamel coatings. Once you compare the facts on each system, you will find that Tank Connection’s LIQ Fusion 7000 FBE™ coating system is a stronger system than glass: LIQ Fusion 7000 FBE™ – Lab Testing* Glass/Vitreous Enamel – Lab Testing* Bolted sidewall panel Excellent (with exception of panel edges Excellent protection and bolt holes) Poor, as shipped from the factory Edge protection Excellent, coated LIQ Fusion FBE™ (covered with mastic sealant in the field) Poor, as shipped from the factory Bolt holes Excellent, coated LIQ Fusion FBE™ (covered with mastic sealant in the field) 8-13 mils (must be verified due to high Coating Thickness 7-11 mils shop defect rate) 3-14 (depending on product 3-11 (depending on product pH and temperature) and temperature) Corrosion Resistance Excellent Excellent (ASTM B-117) Temperature 200º F water, Dry 300º F 140º F water, Dry N/A Tolerance LIQ Fusion FBE™ (advanced fusion Coating to substrate Glass /vitreous enamel technology bond technology) Flexibility Passes 1/8” mandrel test None (cannot be field repaired) Impact 160 in/lbs 4 in/lbs History New technology with 5-7 years testing Old technology with history of spalling Salt Spray Passes 7500 hours Passes 7500 hours Submerged structural components are Submerged structural components are Liquids coated with LIQ Fusion FBE™ galvanized Holiday Free Yes No Coating Required (due to uncoated edges and Cathodic protection Not required bolt holes) Sealant Mastic Mastic Panel Size ~ 5’ tall x 10’ long ~ 4.5’ tall x 9’ long Construction Type Horizontal RTP (rolled, tapered panel) Horizontal RTP (rolled, tapered panel) *Note: Production panels (not lab panels) were utilized for testing.
  • 3-Dimensional Microstructural

    3-Dimensional Microstructural

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURAL FABRICATION OF FOTURANTM GLASS WITH FEMTOSECOND LASER IRRADIATION TEO HONG HAI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 3-DIMENSTIONAL MICROSTRUCTURAL FABRICATION OF FOTURANTM GLASS WITH FEMTOSECOND LASER IRRADIATION TEO HONG HAI (B. Eng. (Hons.), Nanyang Technological University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 Acknowledgement ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to my supervisor, Associate Professor Hong Minghui for his guidance during the entire period of my Masters studies. He has been encouraging particularly in trying times. His suggestions and advice were very much valued. I would also like to express my gratitude to all my fellow co-workers from the DSI-NUS Laser Microprocessing Lab for all the assistance rendered in one way or another. Particularly to Caihong, Tang Min and Zaichun for all their encouragement and assistance as well as to Huilin for her support in logistic and administrative issues. Special thanks to my fellow colleagues from Data Storage Institute (DSI), in particular, Doris, Kay Siang, Zhiqiang and Chin Seong for all their support. To my family members for their constant and unconditioned love and support throughout these times, without which, I will not be who I am today. i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • SCHOTT – Ultra Low Expansion Glass Ceramic ZERODUR® Improvements in Properties, Understanding and Production

    SCHOTT – Ultra Low Expansion Glass Ceramic ZERODUR® Improvements in Properties, Understanding and Production

    SCHOTT – Ultra low expansion glass ceramic ZERODUR® Improvements in properties, understanding and production MPI für Astronomie, Heidelberg Astro Tech Talk 30.1.2015 Peter Hartmann SCHOTT AG Advanced Optics 2 What is ZERODUR®? 2 Advanced Optics 3 1957 Glass Ceramic discovered by Donald S. Stookey (Corning) From mishap during development of light sensitive glass Furnace became much too hot. Advanced Optics 4 ZERODUR®– Work of Two Pioneers The first 4 m Zerodur Mirror 3,6 m Telescope Calar Alto Hans Elsässer Jürgen MPI Astronomy Petzold Initiator and SCHOTT Customer Developer of glass ceramics 1973 Cast of the first 4 m glass ceramic mirror blank for the Max-Planck-Insitute for Astronomy Heidelberg Germany Advanced Optics 5 ZERODUR® - Zero Expansion Glass Ceramic Zerodur is a Li-Al-Si glass ceramic a composite of 70 – 78 vol-% microcrystallites embedded in a glass phase Size and number of the negative CTE microcrystallites are adjusted to achieve a net zero thermal expansion Scanning microscope image of Zerodur microcrystallites Size: 30 – 50 nm Advanced Optics 6 ZERODUR® is molten like Optical Glass Therefore it is . Extremely homogeneous . Isotropic down to sub microscopic scale Free from rings, layers Seams, flaws, pores . Highly polishable . In transmission inspectable no surprises . Highly reproducible 1.5 m Blank with outstanding in all properties homogeneity and striae quality Advanced Optics 7 Coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 7 Advanced Optics 8 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) Narrower tolerances have been added CTE Absolute Values New Class CTE [1/K] Class CTE [1/K] 2 ± 0.10 · 10-6 0 Special ± 0.010 · 10-6 1 ± 0.05 · 10-6 0 Extreme ± 0.007 · 10-6 0 ± 0.02 · 10-6 Taylored Adapted to specific temperature profile Advanced Optics ZERODUR® TAILORED 9 The CTE at a specific temperature T might differ from the mean value determined by the slope of the expansion between 0° and 50°C.
  • Uranium Glass in Museum Collections

    Uranium Glass in Museum Collections

    UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Departamento de Conservação e Restauro Uranium Glass in Museum Collections Filipa Mendes da Ponte Lopes Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro. Área de especialização – Vidro Orientação: Professor Doutor António Pires de Matos (ITN, FCT-UNL) Lisboa Julho 2008 Acknowledgments This thesis was possible due to the invaluable support and contributions of Dr António Pires de Matos, Dr Andreia Ruivo, Dr Augusta Lima and Dr Vânia Muralha from VICARTE – “Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes”. I am also especially grateful to Radiological Protection Department from Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear. I wish to thank José Luís Liberato for his technical assistance. 2 Vidro de Urânio em Colecções Museológicas Filipa Lopes Sumário A presença de vidros de urânio em colecções museológicas e privadas tem vindo a suscitar preocupações na área da protecção radiológica relativamente à possibilidade de exposição à radiação ionizante emitida por este tipo de objectos. Foram estudados catorze objectos de vidro com diferentes concentrações de óxido de urânio. A determinação da dose de radiação β/γ foi efectuada com um detector β/γ colocado a diferentes distâncias dos objectos de vidro. Na maioria dos objectos, a dose de radiação não é preocupante, se algumas precauções forem tidas em conta. O radão 226 (226Rn), usualmente o radionuclido que mais contribui para a totalidade da dose de exposição natural, e que resulta do decaimento do rádio 226 (226Ra) nas séries do urânio natural, foi também determinado e os valores obtidos encontram-se próximos dos valores do fundo.
  • The Tile Decoration by Morris & Co. for Queens' College, Cambridge

    The Tile Decoration by Morris & Co. for Queens' College, Cambridge

    Copyright © 1999 Apollo Magazine Reproduced on www.queens.cam.ac.uk by kind permission of Apollo Magazine and of the author. The tile decoration by Morris & Co. for Queens' College, Cambridge The inspiration of illuminated manuscripts MICHAELA BRAESEL n the 1860s, Morris & Company I executed an elaborate chimney deco­ ration of tiles, which included a series of the labours of the months, for the Hall of Queens' College, Cambridge. It should be stated at the outset that William Mor­ ris himself must have been responsible for this programme of decoration, which was then designed by different members of the company. Various attempts have been made to examine the sources of the cycle, and it has been proposed that Mor­ ris was inspired by medieval Books of Hours,1 but hitherto no specific manu­ script sources have been identified. In a sketchbook by Morris (British Library, Add. MS 45305, fols. 6r-7v), notes from the early 1860s are to be found that relate to calendars in Books of Hours of the fifteenth century in that very library (Fig. 9). These notes have not previously been connected with the Queens' College cycle, but it is hard to resist seeing them as one of the major sources for Morris's programme for the labours of the months. In the following text, the tile panel of the chimney decoration in the Queens' College Hall will be described. In this context Richard and Hilary Myers' exten - sive work on tiles by Morris and Company is to be mentioned. Myers' book states all further cycles, designs, preparing studies and drawings as well as archival sources connected with this dec­ oration.