DOCSLIB.ORG

SCHOTT – Ultra Low Expansion Glass Ceramic ZERODUR® Improvements in Properties, Understanding and Production

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SCHOTT – Ultra low expansion glass ceramic ZERODUR® Improvements in properties, understanding and production MPI für Astronomie, Heidelberg Astro Tech Talk 30.1.2015 Peter Hartmann SCHOTT AG Advanced Optics 2 What is ZERODUR®? 2 Advanced Optics 3 1957 Glass Ceramic discovered by Donald S. Stookey (Corning) From mishap during development of light sensitive glass Furnace became much too hot. Advanced Optics 4 ZERODUR®– Work of Two Pioneers The first 4 m Zerodur Mirror 3,6 m Telescope Calar Alto Hans Elsässer Jürgen MPI Astronomy Petzold Initiator and SCHOTT Customer Developer of glass ceramics 1973 Cast of the first 4 m glass ceramic mirror blank for the Max-Planck-Insitute for Astronomy Heidelberg Germany Advanced Optics 5 ZERODUR® - Zero Expansion Glass Ceramic Zerodur is a Li-Al-Si glass ceramic a composite of 70 – 78 vol-% microcrystallites embedded in a glass phase Size and number of the negative CTE microcrystallites are adjusted to achieve a net zero thermal expansion Scanning microscope image of Zerodur microcrystallites Size: 30 – 50 nm Advanced Optics 6 ZERODUR® is molten like Optical Glass Therefore it is . Extremely homogeneous . Isotropic down to sub microscopic scale Free from rings, layers Seams, flaws, pores . Highly polishable . In transmission inspectable no surprises . Highly reproducible 1.5 m Blank with outstanding in all properties homogeneity and striae quality Advanced Optics 7 Coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 7 Advanced Optics 8 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) Narrower tolerances have been added CTE Absolute Values New Class CTE [1/K] Class CTE [1/K] 2 ± 0.10 · 10-6 0 Special ± 0.010 · 10-6 1 ± 0.05 · 10-6 0 Extreme ± 0.007 · 10-6 0 ± 0.02 · 10-6 Taylored Adapted to specific temperature profile Advanced Optics ZERODUR® TAILORED 9 The CTE at a specific temperature T might differ from the mean value determined by the slope of the expansion between 0° and 50°C. CTE(T) CTE(0,50)=0.015 ppm/K 9 Advanced Optics 10 Structural relaxation can be calculated Length change depends on temperature and temperature change rates. Physical model capable to predict the thermal expansion at low temperature change rates. l / l vk Advanced Optics 11 ZERODUR® TAYLORED allows adjustment of thermal expansion to given temperature profile For extreme requirements small expansion lagging of ZERODUR may be compensated on the basis of a calculation model Temperature Profile Model Provision of material with minimum thermal expansion ZERODUR® TAILORED ZERODUR® EXTREME Temperature 11 Advanced Optics 12 ZERODUR® TAILORED optimized for 22°C shows smallest CTE variation between -50°C and +100°C CTE [ppb/K] atCTE [ppb/K] 100°C CTE data generated at SCHOTT dilatometer during heating from -50°C to +100°C 12 Advanced Optics ZERODUR® TAILORED 13 ZERODUR® TAILORED CRYO: very low thermal expansion over a wide temperature range (250K to 70K). New ZERODUR® 0,3 CTE(T) cryo 0,2 data* in 0,1 comparison with 0,0 results published in earlier papers -0,1 . ZERODUR® -0,2 TAILORED -0,3 CRYO: is -0,4 Z Roberts, 1982 optimized for low Z-1 Collocott, 1991 CTE [ppm/K] -0,5 Z-2 Collocott, 1991 temperature Z Burge, 1999 -0,6 ZERODUR sample 1 applications. ZERODUR sample 2 -0,7 ZERODUR TAILORED CRYO -0,8 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 T [K] * ZERODUR® sample 1, sample 2 and TAILORED CRYO measured by the PTB (Physikalisch 13 Technische Bundesanstalt, national standardization laboratory 2013/2014) Advanced Optics 14 CTE Measurement Push rod dilatometer Interferometric measurement head Sample size 100 x 6 x 6 mm CTE Accuracy Repro (95%) (0°-50°C) [ppb K-1] [ppb K-1] Standard 10 5 Improved 6.2 1.2 Advanced Optics 15 Absolute CTE values of 42 Segments lie fairly well in tolerance 42 x 2 m segments for 10 m GRANTECAN Mirror Tolerance ± 0.05 +10-6 1/K Advanced Optics 16 Coefficient of thermal expansion CTE Homogeneity 16 Advanced Optics 17 CTE Homogeneity is highly repeatable Advanced Optics 18 CTE Homogeneity is highly repeatable - as statistics of more than 200 mirror blanks in sizes 1 – 2 m show 95,5 % of 95,5 % of CTE Repeatability Measurement (0,005) Values (0,007) Data from projects Keck I + II, GRANTECAN, HET Largest part of statistical variation comes from measurement repeatability variations Advanced Optics 19 CTE-Homogeneity of two 1.5 m x 0.35 m disks 1554 mm . Highly resolved with 90 + 21 samples . Standard blank 30 mm thick disc no special selection 90 samples 345 . Measured with best mm reproduction accuracy Vertical cut off: 21 samples Advanced Optics 20 CTE Homogeneity of two 1.5 m ZERODUR® disks Blank 1, 2006 Blank 2, 2008 Blank 1 Blank 2 Mean CTE (0°C, 50°C) [ppb K-1] 42.4 39.9 Homogeneity (p-v) [ppb K-1]6.43.8 Axial gradient (mean) [ppb K-1 mm-1 ] < 0.02 < 0.01 Advanced Optics 21 Excellent CTE homogeneity of a 1.2 m x 1.2 m rectangular 5 ppb/K p-v Small scale homogeneity 21 (x) and 14 (y) samples 4 ppb/K 3 ppb/K 110 x 100 mm 27 150 x 100 mm 14 9 8 3 2 000 0 0 -5-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1342 5 64 samples CTE differences in ppb/K of relative to mean CTE Reproducibility: ± 1.2 ppb/K (95% CB) Advanced Optics 22 Outstanding CTE Homogeneity of a 4m Mirror Blank 36 Samples Mean value: 54 ppb/K MP _4 Homogeneity: 8 ppb/K (!) MP _5 MP _3 Axial gradient: 2 ppb/K (!) MP _6 MP _2 MP _14 MP _15 MP _13 MP _7 MP _1 MP _16 0° - mark at the blank MP _18 MP _8 MP _17 MP _12 MP _9 MP _11 MP _10 Decke (Top) MP T7 MP T16 MP T13 MP T1 MP B7 MP B1 MP B16 MP B13 Boden (Bottom) not to scale Project ARIES Raw boule with virtual single blank Advanced Optics 23 DKIST Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (formerly ATST) CTE Mean value and Homogeneity are excellent Top view CTE Temperature Interval 5°C / 35 °C 0°C / 50 °C Side view Mean 6 ppb/K 0 ppb/K PV 6 ppb/K 3 ppb/K Advanced Optics ZERODUR® TAILORED 24 The CTE values of the 6 most recently produced 4 m class ZERODUR® blanks show outstanding results in CTE homogeneity. CTE (0°; 50°) absolute CTE (0°; 50°) Sam Dimension -ple value homogeneity [ppb / K] [ppb / K] Specificatio Year [mm] # Specification Achieved Achieved n 2003 4100 x 171 18 +/- 50 66 20 18* 2005 3610 x 370 12 +/- 100 80 30 25* 2009 3700 x 163 36 +/- 150 54 40 9 2010 3400 x 180 12 +/- 100 42 30 5 2012 4250 x 350 16 +/- 30 60 40 5 2013 4250 x 350 16 +/- 30 0 40 3 * Measurement performed with older dilatometer 24 Advanced Optics 25 ZERODUR® Optical Homogeneity Ø 360 (Ap.: 226) mm x 63 mm PV: 9 × 10-7 RMS: 1,7 × 10-7 Class H5 Exceptional homogeneity of selected disk Advanced Optics 26 Material Homogeneity Material Properties 26 Advanced Optics 27 Extremely low bubble content is typical for ZERODUR® Bubbles Mapping Example of a 4 m blank Number of inclusions 0.1 - 0.5 mm 12 Number of inclusions 0.5 mm - 1.0 mm 8 Bubbles 1.0 mm 11 Max. diameter 2.7 mm 31 bubbles in the range of 0.1 – 2.7 mm in ca. 3000 kg! Advanced Optics 28 Very low striae is a heritage of optical glass production process Striae are refractive index variations within short ranges 0.1 – 1 mm SCHOTT has delivered several selected 2 m blanks with striae quality equivalent to best optical glass 1.5 m Blank with outstanding homogeneity and striae quality Advanced Optics 29 Stress birefringence statistics of 42 2 m diam. blanks for GRANTECAN 10 m mirror show stress below 0.1 MPa Tolerance: - 10 nm/cm 3 nm/cm corresponds to a stress of 0.1 MPa Negative values: Compressive stress Advanced Optics 30 Variation in Density reflects measurement uncertainty Data based on > 80 measurement within 5 years Advanced Optics 31 ZERODUR®: Polishability Zerodur can be polished to a very low residual roughness. X-Ray satellite optics: CHANDRA: 0.2 nm rms Extreme UV Microlithography EUVL: 0.15 nm rms after polishing under production conditions by Carl Zeiss Advanced Optics ZERODUR® Radiation Behavior 3232 ZERODUR®: Resistance against ionizing radiation is high Dose vs. Compaction for Zerodur -2 10 -3 First analyses 10 overestimated effect -4 by factor > 10 10 -5 10 Linear Compaction Linear -6 10 Revised equation = 2.63 x 10-8 D0.5 -7 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Dose (Gy) Advanced Optics ZERODUR® Radiation Behavior 33 Hubble and Chandra show excellent performance up to now this holds for many more space borne telescopes … Hubble Space Telescope Orbit: LEO Deployment: April 1990 Lifetime: > 20 years Secondary Mirror Material: ZERODUR® M2 Diameter: 300 mm Chandra X Ray Telescope Orbit: MEO Deployment: July 1999 Lifetime: > 14 years Wolter Mirror Material: ZERODUR® Mirror Diameter / Length: 800 mm / 600 to 1200 mm Determine cumulated dose considering geometry and shielding Real life proof of ZERODUR®‘s performance 33 Advanced Optics 34 Bending strength 34 Advanced Optics 35 ZERODUR® Bending strength – New approach proves capability to endure high mechanical loads . Generally ZERODUR® is stronger than glasses . Strength is mainly determined by depth of micro cracks in its surface . Much larger data sets are available now . Ground surfaces lie higher than 40 MPa Etched surfaces higher than 100 MPa .
Recommended publications
  • CASE 6 Shelf 1 #1 Fancy Opaque Glass 1982.65 WATER Challinor Taylor and Paneled Flower Funds Provided PITCHER Co., Pittsburgh, PA, Pattern, No

    CASE 6 Shelf 1 #1 Fancy Opaque Glass 1982.65 WATER Challinor Taylor and Paneled Flower Funds Provided PITCHER Co., Pittsburgh, PA, Pattern, No

    CASE 6 Shelf 1 #1 Fancy Opaque Glass 1982.65 WATER Challinor Taylor and Paneled Flower Funds provided PITCHER Co., Pittsburgh, PA, pattern, No. 23, by the Fifth patent June 1, 1886 pressed purple slag Annual Benefit opaque soda-lime Antiques Show glass Shelf 1 #2 Fancy Opaque Glass 1990.78 ELECTRIC New Martinsville Peachblow or Gift of Mrs. LIGHT Glass Mfg. Co., New Sunburst line, shaded Betty Woods SHADE Martinsville, WV, pink mold-blown Daniel about 1905-1910 glass with iridescent gold lining 1982.183AB BRIDE’S New Martinsville New Martinsville Gift of Mrs. BOWL ON Glass Mfg. Co., New Peachblow, pink Betty Woods STAND Martinsville, WV, shaded to white Daniel about 1905-1910 mold-blown glass, silver plated stand Shelf 1 #3 Opalescent and Iridescent 1981.138 BERRY Northwood Glass Diamond Funds provided BOWL Company, Indiana, Spearhead pattern, by Mr. Arthur B. PA, about 1900 deep blue shaded to Beaumont opalescent pressed glass 1990.109.1 TWO Dugan Glass Co., Diamond Museum 1990.109.2 MATCHING Indiana, PA, about Spearhead pattern, purchase INDIVIDUAL 1910 deep blue shaded to BERRY opalescent pressed BOWLS glass Shelf 1 #4 Opalescent and Iridescent 1000.164 DISH Dugan Glass Co., Peach opalescent Museum Indiana, PA, about pressed soda-lime purchase 1910-1914 glass with iridescent finish CASE 6 - Page 1 1989.72 BOWL Dugan Glass Co., Petals and Fans Museum Indiana, PA, about pattern on front with purchase 1910-1914 Jeweled Heart pattern on back, amethyst pressed soda-lime glass with deep iridescent finish 1994.39 PLATE Dugan Glass Co., Persian
  • Quarterly Journal of the All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation

    Quarterly Journal of the All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation

    Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January - March 2016 Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation Bi-lingual www.aigmf.com Technical Articles Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Prof. (Dr.) A Sustainable 50 for postage postage for 50 ` ASS ASS www.aigmf.com Building and Packaging material An Publication - GlASS Gl Gl 500 (within India) + + India) (within 500 ` ` Kanch | Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January-March 2016 2 Overseas: US$ 60 (including postage and bank charges) bank and postage (including 60 US$ Overseas: Order Print Copies: Print Order Price: Price: www.aigmf.com President SANJAY GANJOO Sr. Vice President ARUN KUMAR DUKKIPATI Vice President RAJ KUMAR MITTAL Hon. General Secretary BHARAT SOMANY Hon. Treasurer SANJAY AGARWAL Member Editorial Board A K Bandyopadhyay Quarterly Journal of THE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATION Former Principal, Govt. College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology-GCECT, Kolkata DEVENDRA KUMAR Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Ceramic, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Vol. 3 | No. 4 | January-March 2016 K K SHARMA President, NIGMA and Plant Head, HNG Neemrana, Rajasthan MEMBER ASSOCIatIONS EASTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (EIGMA) Contents c/o La Opala RG Ltd. Chitrakoot, 10th Floor, 230 A, A.J.C. Bose Road From President's Desk 5 Kolkata - 700 020 President - Sushil Jhunjhunwala Glass as Vital Building Material for Smart / Solar Cities NORTHERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (NIGMA) & c/o Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited 6 Post Office - Bahadurgarh, Jhajjar, Haryana-124 507 Book Launch: “Glass - A Sustainable Building and Packaging President - KK Sharma Material” Vice President - Jimmy Tyagi Honorary General Secretary - NN Goyal Glass News 13 Secretary & Treasurer - JB Bhardwaj SOUTH INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (SIGMA) Smart City and Glasses for Flat-Screen Products – Part II 21 c/o AGI Glasspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.) Glass Factory Road, Off.
  • Photonic Glass-Ceramics: Consolidated Outcomes and Prospects Brigitte Boulard1, Tran T

    Photonic Glass-Ceramics: Consolidated Outcomes and Prospects Brigitte Boulard1, Tran T

    Photonic glass-ceramics: consolidated outcomes and prospects Brigitte Boulard1, Tran T. T. Van2, Anna Łukowiak3, Adel Bouajaj4, Rogéria Rocha Gonçalves5, Andrea Chiappini6, Alessandro Chiasera6, Wilfried Blanc7, Alicia Duran8, Sylvia Turrell9, Francesco Prudenzano10, Francesco Scotognella11, Roberta Ramponi11, Marian Marciniak12, Giancarlo C. Righini13,14, Maurizio Ferrari6,13,* 1 Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283, Equipe Fluorures, Université du Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 09, France. 2 University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist.5, HCM Vietnam. 3 Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, ul. Okolna 2, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland. 4 Laboratory of innovative technologies, LTI, ENSA–Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco. 5 Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil 6 CNR-IFN, CSMFO Lab., Via alla Cascata 56/c, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy. 7 Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS LPMC, UMR 7336, 06100 Nice, France. 8 Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio (CSIC), C/Kelsen 5, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. 9 LASIR (CNRS, UMR 8516) and CERLA, Université Lille 1, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France. 10 Politecnico di Bari, DEI, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy. 11 IFN-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy 12 National Institute of Telecommunications, 1 Szachowa Street, 04 894 Warsaw, Poland. 13 Centro di Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Piazza del Viminale 2, 00184 Roma, Italy. 14 MipLAB. IFAC - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
  • PDF Exhibitor Testimonials

    PDF Exhibitor Testimonials

    glasstec 2018 – Exhibitor Quotes SCHOTT AG The 25th glasstec was a special highlight for SCHOTT. A new booth concept invited visitors to discover and experience glass. Our feedback was excellent both quantitatively and qualitatively. And, of course, glasstec again offered a perfect platform for networking." Salvatore Ruggiero, Vice President Marketing and Communication, SCHOTT AG NSG Pilkington NSG Group, the owner of the Pilkington brand, celebrated a very successful exhibition at glasstec 2018. But this success was not the only reason for celebration – this year is also the Group’s 100th anniversary as well as glasstec’s 25th. “The Glasstec event presented the dynamic evolution of glass applications in the world and we were very pleased to be part of such a successful show. Visitors were able to view a wide range of design options and realise the enormous development in dynamic façade solutions, which, by focusing on energy generation, enable building designers to enhance inhabitants’ comfort and well-being. “This is the generation of products for today and tomorrow and NSG Group presented a variety of products, which are fulfilling these “future” market demands. glasstec 2018 was an excellent platform on which to showcase the Group’s capabilities to the world.” Sing Koo, Managing Director Germany & VA Manager Europe Merck KGaA This year, Merck joined Glasstec for the first time. After the opening of our production plant in Veldhoven, The Netherlands, nearly one year ago, we found with Glasstec the right platform to successfully launch our new brand for dynamic liquid crystal windows EYRISE™ as well as our new product for dynamic solar control EYRISE™ s350 into the market.
  • The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On

    The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On

    The American Ceramic Society 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG 2019) ABSTRACT BOOK June 9–14, 2019 Boston, Massachusetts USA Introduction This volume contains abstracts for over 900 presentations during the 2019 Conference on International Commission on Glass Meeting (ICG 2019) in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstracts are reproduced as submitted by authors, a format that provides for longer, more detailed descriptions of papers. The American Ceramic Society accepts no responsibility for the content or quality of the abstract content. Abstracts are arranged by day, then by symposium and session title. An Author Index appears at the back of this book. The Meeting Guide contains locations of sessions with times, titles and authors of papers, but not presentation abstracts. How to Use the Abstract Book Refer to the Table of Contents to determine page numbers on which specific session abstracts begin. At the beginning of each session are headings that list session title, location and session chair. Starting times for presentations and paper numbers precede each paper title. The Author Index lists each author and the page number on which their abstract can be found. Copyright © 2019 The American Ceramic Society (www.ceramics.org). All rights reserved. MEETING REGULATIONS The American Ceramic Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that facilitates whether in print, electronic or other media, including The American Ceramic Society’s the exchange of knowledge meetings and publication of papers for future reference. website. By participating in the conference, you grant The American Ceramic Society The Society owns and retains full right to control its publications and its meetings.
  • Indoor Glass Cleaning Brochure

    Indoor Glass Cleaning Brochure

    Clean Windows and Glass Faster, Safer and with Less Chemicals Indoor Glass Cleaning A Complete Line For All Glass Cleaning Needs ungerglobal.com Safely and Efficiently Clean All Your Indoor Glass Cleaning professionals face two key challenges when cleaning indoor surfaces such as windows, mirrors and elevators: safety and efficiency. Current window and glass cleaning tools lead to time-consuming and dangerous issues, like re-arranging furniture and reaching high or unusually positioned windows. Unger’s line of indoor window and glass cleaning tools increase productivity and safety by eliminating time spent moving furniture or climbing ladders. Clean Windows The Award Winning Choice 25% Faster and use for Indoor Glass Cleaning The Unger Stingray Ultimate Indoor 39% Less Chemicals Cleaning Tool provides a variety of glass and * window cleaning options, while the multiple than traditional spray and cloth cleaning lightweight extension poles enable you to clean high access areas without the use of ladders! The cleaning solution is powered by 3M Scotchgard™ Protection, which reduces the need to clean glass as often over time and can clean up to 1600 sq. ft. of windows before replacement. SRKT8 Stingray® Indoor Cleaning Kit - Deluxe 10’ shown *Source: Market Research – Professional Window Cleaners. Germany/UK, 2015, SR Strategy Routes Stingray® Indoor glass and window cleaning with Maximum Refillable System The Unger Stingray Flexibility, with new Refillable Refillable System allows ™ you to use your preferred Bottles and QuikPads window cleaning solution while still gaining all the QuikPad™ eliminates the need for laundering safety, speed and cleaning benefits Stingray provides. The QuikPad™ provides even more flexibility, allowing you to clean Adapter Plate used without having to launder with QuikPad™ Refillable bottle allows pads.
  • Bullseye Glass Catalog

    Bullseye Glass Catalog

    CATALOG BULLSEYE GLASS For Art and Architecture IMPOSSIBLE THINGS The best distinction between art and craft • A quilt of color onto which children have that I’ve ever heard came from artist John “stitched” their stories of plants and Torreano at a panel discussion I attended a animals (page 5) few years ago: • A 500-year-old street in Spain that “Craft is what we know; art is what we don’t suddenly disappears and then reappears know. Craft is knowledge; art is mystery.” in a gallery in Portland, Oregon (page 10) (Or something like that—John was talking • The infinite stories of seamstresses faster than I could write). preserved in cast-glass ghosts (page 25) The craft of glass involves a lifetime of • A tapestry of crystalline glass particles learning, but the stories that arise from that floating in space, as ethereal as the craft are what propel us into the unknown. shadows it casts (page 28) At Bullseye, the unknown and oftentimes • A magic carpet of millions of particles of alchemical aspects of glass continually push crushed glass with the artists footprints us into new territory: to powders, to strikers, fired into eternity (page 31) to reactive glasses, to developing methods • A gravity-defying vortex of glass finding like the vitrigraph and flow techniques. its way across the Pacific Ocean to Similarly, we're drawn to artists who captivate Emerge jurors (and land on the tell their stories in glass based on their cover of this catalog) exceptional skills, but even more on their We hope this catalog does more than point boundless imaginations.
  • The Gothic Revival Character of Ecclesiastical Stained Glass in Britain

    The Gothic Revival Character of Ecclesiastical Stained Glass in Britain

    Folia Historiae Artium Seria Nowa, t. 17: 2019 / PL ISSN 0071-6723 MARTIN CRAMPIN University of Wales THE GOTHIC REVIVAL CHARACTER OF ECCLESIASTICAL STAINED GLASS IN BRITAIN At the outset of the nineteenth century, commissions for (1637), which has caused some confusion over the subject new pictorial windows for cathedrals, churches and sec- of the window [Fig. 1].3 ular settings in Britain were few and were usually char- The scene at Shrewsbury is painted on rectangular acterised by the practice of painting on glass in enamels. sheets of glass, although the large window is arched and Skilful use of the technique made it possible to achieve an its framework is subdivided into lancets. The shape of the effect that was similar to oil painting, and had dispensed window demonstrates the influence of the Gothic Revival with the need for leading coloured glass together in the for the design of the new Church of St Alkmund, which medieval manner. In the eighteenth century, exponents was a Georgian building of 1793–1795 built to replace the of the technique included William Price, William Peckitt, medieval church that had been pulled down. The Gothic Thomas Jervais and Francis Eginton, and although the ex- Revival was well underway in Britain by the second half quisite painterly qualities of the best of their windows are of the eighteenth century, particularly among aristocratic sometimes exceptional, their reputation was tarnished for patrons who built and re-fashioned their country homes many years following the rejection of the style in Britain with Gothic features, complete with furniture and stained during the mid-nineteenth century.1 glass inspired by the Middle Ages.
  • Ferro Container Glass Enamel Decoration Systems Overview

    Ferro Container Glass Enamel Decoration Systems Overview

    Technical Information Container Glass Enamel Decoration Ferro: enhancing life through superior materials performance Headquartered in Mayfeld Heights, Ohio, USA, Ferro Corporation is a world leading producer of Performance Materials, with operations in 20 countries across Europe, Asia and the Americas. We apply core technologies in organic and Meeting the needs of the Color World calls for inorganic chemistry to develop leading market great foresight, fexibility and innovation … positions in a diverse range of industries. • Our global presence is a strong competitive Our mission is “to achieve market leadership advantage. Technical, marketing and management through a customer-focused and highly creative personnel are in continuous contact with customers organisation committed to delivering top quality in every major region. Multinational customers can products and outstanding services to customers be assured of standard products and consistent worldwide”. quality wherever they have operations. Our materials are used to add value to, and to • We co-ordinate our R&D activities globally and improve the performance of products in a variety use our international talent to ensure that product of end markets including building and renova- specifcations and performance are designed tion, home appliances, cookware, giftware and to satisfy the specifc requirements demanded by tableware, transportation, household furnishings, regional markets. leisure, electronics and industrial products. • Ferro views the world-wide concern for the en- We are among the world’s leading suppliers of vironment as an opportunity to develop improved ceramic glazes and colors, glass decoration, products and also to participate in chemical indus- speciality glasses and porcelain enamel coatings. try effor ts to address public concern.
  • Lecture #16 Glass-Ceramics: Nature, Properties and Processing Edgar Dutra Zanotto Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil Dedz@Ufscar.Br Spring 2015

    Lecture #16 Glass-Ceramics: Nature, Properties and Processing Edgar Dutra Zanotto Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil [email protected] Spring 2015

    Glass Processing Lecture #16 Glass-ceramics: Nature, properties and processing Edgar Dutra Zanotto Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil [email protected] Spring 2015 Lectures available at: www.lehigh.edu/imi Sponsored by US National Science Foundation (DMR-0844014) 1 Glass-ceramics: nature, applications and processing (2.5 h) 1- High temperature reactions, melting, homogeneization and fining 2- Glass forming: previous lectures 3- Glass-ceramics: definition & applications (March 19) Today, March 24: 4- Composition and properties - examples 5- Thermal treatments – Sintering (of glass powder compactd) or -Controlled nucleation and growth in the glass bulk 6- Micro and nano structure development April 16 7- Sophisticated processing techniques 8- GC types and applications 9- Concluding remmarks 2 Review of Lecture 15 Glass-ceramics -Definition -History -Nature, main characteristics -Statistics on papers / patents - Properties, thermal treatments micro/ nanostructure design 3 Reading assignments E. D. Zanotto – Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., October 2010 Zanotto 4 The discovery of GC Natural glass-ceramics, such as some types of obsidian “always” existed. René F. Réaumur – 1739 “porcelain” experiments… In 1953, Stanley D. Stookey, then a young researcher at Corning Glass Works, USA, made a serendipitous discovery ...… 5 <rms> 1nm Zanotto 6 Transparent GC for domestic uses Zanotto 7 Company Products Crystal type Applications Photosensitive and etched patterned Foturan® Lithium-silicate materials SCHOTT, Zerodur® β-quartz ss Telescope mirrors Germany
  • ZERODUR® K20 Glass Ceramic with Low Thermal Expansion for High Temperature Applications

    ZERODUR® K20 Glass Ceramic with Low Thermal Expansion for High Temperature Applications

    ZERODUR® K20 Glass ceramic with low thermal expansion for high temperature applications Product Information The high temperature ZERODUR® K20 glass ceramic material contains a crystal phase of more than 90 % Keatite, pro- duced by thermal transformation from the semitransparent ZERODUR® material. ZERODUR® K20 can be used at higher application temperatures compared to ZERODUR®. The material has high tem- perature stability and low thermal ex- pansion and does not change its proper- ties during multiple temperature cycles. Properties • Low coefficient of thermal expansion together with high longterm tempe- rature stability up to 850 °C • Can be matched with low thermal Forms of Supply expansion metal alloys, e. g. Invar® • Complex, customized CNC-manufactured products • Excellent homogeneity and in ternal • Serial production and prototype manu facturing quality • A remission of more than 90 % in the Properties ZERODUR® K20 ZERODUR® visible with a matt brilliant white finish Density [g/cm3] 2.53 2.53 • Free of pores and polishable to very Young’s Modulus E [GPa] 84.7 90.3 low surface roughness levels • Large-scale parts can be produced Poisson’s Ratio µ 0.25 0.24 with dimensions in the meter range Knoop Hardness [HK 0.1/20] 620 620 Expansion Coefficient (20 – 700 °C) [10–6/K] 2.4 0.2 Applications Expansion Coefficient (20 – 300 °C) [10–6/K] 2.2 – • Mechanical and optical components 0 ± 0.007 within high energy laser systems 0 ± 0.010 • Diffuse reflectors for laser-cavities Expansion Coefficient (0 – 50 °C) [10–6/K] 1.6 0 ± 0.020 • Mold material in hot forming pro cesses 0 ± 0.050 0 ± 0.100 (glass, plastic etc.) 0.90 • High precision manufactured compo- Heat Capacity c (20 °C) [J/(gK)] 0.80 p (extrapolated) nents Thermal Conductivity (90 °C) [W/(mK)] 1.63 1.46 • Ceramic engine components • Calibration standards for optical and Max.
  • 6-Stained Glass in Lancaster

    6-Stained Glass in Lancaster

    STAINED GLASS IN LANCASTER Lancaster Civic Society Leaflet 6 St Thomas, in Lancaster Priory by R.F. Ashmead of Abbott & Co (1966} The beauty of stained glass has been recognised since the Middle Ages and it is still popular. Lancaster had three notable stained-glass firms – Seward & Co, Shrigley & Hunt and Abbott & Co – which produced fine work from 1825 to 1996, relying on their artists and craftsmen. Their work The later nineteenth century was a good time for stained glass – new churches, hospitals, town halls, ocean liners, pubs and country houses – the firms’ work can be seen in all these. Shrigley and Hunt initially favoured a Pre-Raphaelite style, lighter in design and colour than its predecessors, strongly decorative, detailed, with realistic scenes and faces telling clear allegories and Biblical stories. Stronger colours were used in the 1880s. Their two main artists, Edward Holme Jewitt and Carl Almquist, had different styles, so widening the firm’s client base. They opened a studio in London to keep Almquist in the firm and to pick up on metropolitan shifts in taste. The firm also made decorative wall tiles. Abbott & Co followed these Late Victorian and Edwardian trends but also developed more modernist styles for interwar houses and in the 1960s. Both firms got contracts in association with the noted Lancaster architectural practice of Paley and Austin. Shrigley and Hunt used their London contacts to get work with Richard Norman Shaw and Alfred Waterhouse. Local magnates such as the Storeys and Williamsons of Lancaster and the brewing families of Boddington (Manchester) and Greenall (Warrington) also patronised them.