Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April - June 2016
www.aigmf.com Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation Bi-lingual
Inside
Interview Special Feature Yoshihiko Sano • Sustainability in Glass President of Nipro Corporation • A Note on Closed Glass Companies in the USA • Nipro Injects Innovation into Pre- for Artistic Appreciation filled Syringes and Targets US Expansion • Efficient Workflow: Automation and Digitisation Reduce Production and Handling Costs Upcoming Events (Sept 2, 2016) • FEA Studies of Impact Loads on NNPB Refillable • Enhancing Profitability by Empowering Workforce Bottles • Business Opportunities for Indian Glass Companies at Port of Duqm, • Energy Efficient Renovation Boost for Added- Sultanate of Oman Value Glazing • AIGMF Executive Committee Meeting / AGM
Main Story Glass Packaging Supporting Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Campaign) event at Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata Page No. 6 Technical Articles Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Prof. (Dr.) A Sustainable A Sustainable ASS ASS www.aigmf.com Building and Packaging material Packaging and Building - An Publication
GlASS Gl Gl
50 for postage postage for 50 + India) (within 500 `
Overseas: US$ 60 (including postage and bank charges) bank and postage (including 60 US$ Overseas:
Order Print Copies: Print Order Price: Price: ` `
PORT OF DUQM
Duqm,
100% Foreign Ownership the preferred Tax -exemption for 30 years Free Repatriation of Capital Special Economic & profi ts No minimum capital requirement No currency restrictions Zone for your No personal income tax Exemption from import & overseas export duties Usufruct agreements up to 50 years renewable investment One-stop station service
For more information, contact:
Port of Duqm Company SAOC Tel: (+968) 24342800 | Fax: (+968) 24587343 | [email protected] | www.portduqm.com
2 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016
POD0003_PortOfDuqm_Adv_A4_v01.indd 2 13/07/16 15:59 www.aigmf.com
President SANJAY GANJOO Sr. Vice President ARUN KUMAR DUKKIPATI Vice President RAJ KUMAR MITTAL Hon. General Secretary BHARAT SOMANY Hon. Treasurer SANJAY AGARWAL Member Editorial Board A K Bandyopadhyay Quarterly Journal of THE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATION Former Principal, Govt. College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology-GCECT, Kolkata Devendra Kumar Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Ceramic, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 K K Sharma President, NIGMA and Plant Head, HNG Neemrana, Rajasthan
Member Associations EASTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (EIGMA) Contents c/o La Opala RG Ltd. Chitrakoot, 10th Floor, 230 A, A.J.C. Bose Road Kolkata - 700 020 From President's Desk 5 President - Sushil Jhunjhunwala NORTHERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (NIGMA) c/o Hindustan National Glass & Industries Limited Glass Packaging Supporting Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan 6 Post Office - Bahadurgarh, Jhajjar, Haryana-124 507 President - KK Sharma Vice President - Jimmy Tyagi Glass News 13 Honorary General Secretary - NN Goyal Secretary & Treasurer - JB Bhardwaj Sustainability in Glass 18 SOUTH INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (SIGMA) c/o AGI Glasspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.) Glass Factory Road, Off. Motinagar A Note on Closed Glass Companies in the USA for Artistic 21 PB No. 1930, Sanathnagar, PO Hyderabad -500 018 Appreciation President - Sandip Somany UTTAR PRADESH GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ SYNDICATE (UPGMS) Program Announcement (September 2, 2016) : c/o General Traders A-10, Industrial Estate, Firozabad – 283203 (UP) - Enhancing Profitability by Empowering Workforce President - Raj Kumar Mittal - Business Opportunities for Indian Glass Companies at Port of 30 Vice President - Dharmendra Mohan Gupta Duqm, Sultanate of Oman Vice President - Santosh Agarwal - AIGMF Executive Committee/Annual General Meeting Hony. Secretary - Sanjay Agarwal Treasurer - Deepak Gupta Nipro Injects Innovation into Pre-Filled Syringes and Targets US Jt. Secretary - Pramod Kumar Garg 31 WESTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (WIGMA) Expansion c/o Pragati Glass Works (P) Ltd. 111, Damji Shamji Industrial Complex, 9, LBS Marg, World Soda Ash Conference & Workshop 35 Kurla (W), Mumbai - 400 070 President - H R Bhandari Honorary Secretary - G K Sarda Efficient Workflow: Automation and Digitisation Reduce 39 Quarterly Journal of Glass Industry, published & printed by Vinit Production and Handling Costs Kapur on behalf of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation from 812, New Delhi House, 27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi – 110001 and printed at New United Process, A-26, Ph-II, Naraina Indl. Area, FEA Studies of Impact Loads on NNPB Refillable Bottles 43 New Delhi-110028 T:+91 11 2331 6507 F:+91 11 2335 0357 E: [email protected] List of Advertisers 44 Editor MOHAN LALVANI Complimentary copy for Members/Government Departments/NGOs and those connected with Glass Industry Energy Efficient Renovation Boost for Added-Value Glazing 46 Others: Price (excluding bank charges): Indian Companies : ` 125 per copy About the AIGMF 48 Annual Subscription ` 450 Foreign Companies : US$ 25 per copy New Members 49 Annual Subscription US$ 80 Membership of The AIGMF 49
lkSj 'kfDr 50
www.glassworldwide.co.uk Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 3 Special Issue of July - September 2016 To book advertisement space, mail to [email protected] by August 31, 2016.
is the leading choice for advertising on a single click in KANCH’s e-version / in the glass and related industries. With AIGMF website. several years of publishing experience, A complimentary copy of KANCH along unrivalled coverage for the worldwide glass with the invoice will be sent to all advertisers. manufacturing community with up-to-date Those wanting more than one copy are news, editorial and features, as well as requested to send their request in advance. exhibitions; KANCH is the best medium to For convenience, payment can also be communicate with stakeholders. remitted through wire transfer. Our bank We understand your needs as an industry details are as under: and are committed to assist you in making your advertising most profitable. This Remittance from Abroad to: also popularises your brand and product Bank of Baroda, New York, SWIFT BIC: Advertise in portfolio by establishing contacts to suit your company’s requirements. BARBUS33, FEDWIRE/ROUTING NUMBER: 026 005 322, giving full Good quality advertisement material along particulars of Beneficiary i.e. with a Cheque of the requisite amount Account No. : 05860400000062 payable to ‘The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Name : The All India Glass Federation’ at New Delhi may be sent to Manufacturers’ Federation Secretary AIGMF at the registered office of Bank : Bank of Baroda the Federation. Branch : Parliament Street It would be ideal if you could send your City : New Delhi, India advertisement in PDF high resolution format Payment Instruction Message i.e. MT - (with auto enabled e-mail ID/website address, 103 is to be sent to Bank of Baroda, IBB, if any) helping readers to reach you directly New Delhi, SWIFT BIC - BARBINBBPAR
Advertisement Tariff* Remittance from India to: Indian Foreign (Deposit Cheque or make NEFT- online Companies Companies (US$) payment) Account No. : 0411156983 Ordinary full page 15000 900 Name : The All India Glass Extra Inside Cover Page 18000 1000 Manufacturers’ Federation Bank : Kotak Mahindra Bank Inside Cover Page 20000 1100 Branch : G-39, Connaught Circus Back Cover Page 40000 1800 New Delhi Extra Folded Cover 40000 1800 IFSC Code : KKBK 0000214 (front) Page
Centerspread (two pages) 40000 1800 A copy of bank advice may please be sent at Half Page 10000 600 [email protected] for reconciliation.
The print area is 21.5 x 30.5 cm for full page advertisement.
*subject to revision
4 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com
From President’s Desk
The Federation continued to work for the development of glass articles of all kinds and to safeguard and protect the interests of glass industry and glassware business in India. Several meetings were organised with stakeholders of flat and container glass segments including Govt. Departments i.e. Ministry of Commerce, MSME, etc. The Executive Committee of the AIGMF met on June 25, 2016 at Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata. A parallel session on Glass Packaging Supporting Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was organized with CSIR-CGCRI, which provided an opportunity to debate on use of glass packaging as responsible and safe packaging, which supports Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (clean India campaign). As CSR initiative, AIGMF gifted 400 glass water bottles specially manufactured by Hindustan National Glass and Industries to CSIR-CGCRI and 100 glass bottles to Dr. Chintamoni Ghosh, Director, Drug Control, Health & Family Welfare Department, Govt. of West Bengal. The bottles carried a logo of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan enabling people demand responsible and safe packaging. About 80 participants from CSIR-CGCRI, Glass Industry, Media, Govt., Scientists, etc., attended the event. A presentation on ‘Need of Glass Packaging for Health and Environmental Reasons’ was made by Sr. Vice President AIGMF, Mr. Arun Kumar Dukkipati, which highlighted that Glass is a very important material for daily life in the entire world. It is a natural material for packaging, particularly items like food and medicines consumed in abundance by humans. Dr. K Muraleedharan, Director CSIR-CGCRI applauded advanced production techniques used by the Industry to manufacture light weight glass bottles and jars with no loss of safety or quality. This benefits not only consumers but also the environment. Presentations and select photographs of the event are available at http://www.aigmf.com/past-events.php
Sanjay Ganjoo President, AIGMF and COO, Asahi India Glass Ltd., Taloja (Maharashtra)
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 5 Glass Packaging Supporting Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan
(Kolkata, June 25, 2016) (Clean India Campaign)
After the successful sessions on which supports Swachh Bharat A presentation on ‘Need of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan at Delhi, Abhiyaan (clean India campaign). Glass Packaging for Health and Firozabad, Jaipur and Mumbai, the Executive Committee of The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation (AIGMF) decided to hold its next meeting at Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR- CGCRI), Kolkata. A parallel session on Glass Packaging supporting Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was organized with CSIR-CGCRI, which provided an opportunity to debate on use of glass packaging as responsible and safe packaging,
6 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com
Environmental Reasons’ was made by Sr. Vice President AIGMF, Mr. Arun Kumar Dukkipati, which highlighted that Glass is a very important material for daily life in the entire world. It is a natural material for packaging, particularly items like food and medicines consumed in abundance by humans. The presentation covered that Glass containers made from cullet or weight reduction technology saves energy. Every ton of glass recycled saves 322KwH of energy, 246 kg of CO2 and 1.2 tonnes of virgin raw material. Mr. Dukkipati shared some of the main characteristics of glass: • Glass is 100% recyclable - It does not lead to generation of any solid waste, thus saving land fill space. This is a major advantage from environmental point of view in the present times, when municipalities are finding it difficult to find space to dump urban waste • Glass is resistant to chemicals and solvent - It is used for packaging of chemicals and solvents as it does not react with them • Glass ensures hermetic seal - It provides air tight packaging for products thus providing longer shelf life. It is the most preferable product for vacuum and carbonation • Glass is transparent - The customer is afforded the facility of visually examining the content from outside the pack • Glass has best recycling performance - It is a cradle- to-cradle packaging - meaning it can be recycled infinitely to be re-made into new bottles
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 7 or jars as good as those manufactured Do you have by using fresh raw news to share? materials Send your news and press releases to A presentation on [email protected] Recent Initiatives by Glass Industry Department, Govt. of West Bengal. on Swachh Bharat The bottles carried a logo of Abhiyaan was given by Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan enabling the AIGMF Secretariat. people demand responsible and Dr. Ranjan Sen, Chief safe packaging. Scientist and Head, Dr. K Muraleedharan, Director Glass Division, Fiber CSIR-CGCRI applauded advanced Optics & Photonics production techniques used by Division, CGCRI the Industry to manufacture light gave an overview on weight glass bottles and jars with the CGCRI and its no loss of safety or quality. This activities. benefits not only consumers but His presentation also the environment. covered services It was mentioned that use of offered by CGCRI glass bottles supplements Prime towards testing of Ministers’ vision of Swachh Bharat Glass/Glass Products. Mission (Clean India Campaign) as Dr. Basudeb Karmakar, waste from other packaging material Sr. Principal Scientist are usually found in streets, drains, and Head, Glass rivers, etc., with people having the Science & Technology tendency to litter anywhere and Section, CGCRI in everywhere. On the other hand, his brief presentation Glass being 100 % recyclable mostly covered some useful reaches junk seller for recycling and suggestions on how adds to clean environment. Glass Packaging can Mr. Sanjay Ganjoo, President, further bolster clean AIGMF said that apart from flat India campaign. glass, container glasses are also As CSR initiative, used in modern 'Smart Cities' for AIGMF gifted 400 glass water bottles specially manufactured by Hindustan National Glass and Industries to CSIR-CGCRI and 100 glass bottles to Dr. Chintamoni Ghosh, Director, Drug Control, Health & Family Welfare
8 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com
delivered a thank you note to all stakeholders for their valuable contribution in making this program a success. About 80 participants from CSIR-CGCRI, Glass Industry, media, scientists, etc. attended the event. Presentations and select photographs of the event are available at http://www.aigmf. com/past-events.php
tumblers, bottles, cooking wares, etc., at home and eateries. Mr. Ganjoo congratulated CSIR-CGCRI for adopting use of glass bottles in its premises, which is a step forward towards clean environment. Mr. Sushil Kumar Jhunjhunwala, CMD, LA Opala RG Ltd., and President, Eastern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (EIGMA)
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 9
will participate as one of the Supporting Associations www.aigmf.com
Glass News
Today, the Fuyao Committee congratulates and Group is China’s largest acknowledges Mr. Cho Tak Wong’s exporter of automotive many achievements and looks forward glass, with 11 advanced to presenting him with the 46th Annual production centres Phoenix Award at a specially arranged strategically located banquet in Dayton, Ohio, USA this throughout the country, October. as well as international subsidiaries and Heye International announces business organisations new Sales Director in the USA, Japan, With effect from April 1, 2016, Heye South Korea, Australia, announces the appointment of Jens Russia, Germany and Langer as Director Sales & Marketing. Hong Kong. Customers Since many years, Jens Langer has Phoenix Award- Glass Person of include such global gained extensive experience as the Year 2016 automotive producers as Audi, international Sales & Marketing In recognition of his outstanding Bentley, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Director as well as Head of Project contribution to the international Fiat, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Management in the mechanical automotive glass industry, Cho Tak Hyundai, Jaguar Land Rover, Nissan, engineering industry. Now he will Wong, Chairman of Fuyao Glass Volkswagen and Volvo. share his knowledge with Heye Industry Group, has been selected In 2009, Mr. Cho became the International to keep and develop the th as the 46 recipient of the Phoenix first Chinese citizen to be company’s growth strategy. Award ‘Glass Person of the Year named Ernst & Young World 2016’. Entrepreneur of the Year. Born and raised in rural China, the Alongside his extensive life of Chairman Cho is a true rags- business commitments, to riches story. Having peddled cut Mr. Cho is one of China’s tobacco and sold fruit on the streets foremost philanthropists, his of his hometown at the age of 16, he Heren Charity Foundation worked as a farmer and a chef, before seeking to offer poverty joining Fuqing Gao Shan Special relief, disease prevention Glass Factory in 1976. Mr. Cho was and infrastructure projects. invited by the local authorities to take “I have always believed that over the ailing flat glass processing an entrepreneur carries business in 1983, a decision that three responsibilities” he soon led to the creation of a hugely comments, “mightiness of the successful Sino-foreign joint venture, manufacturing automotive safety and nation, advancement of the industrial technology glass throughout society and abundance of the the world. In 1993, Fuyao Group people. By achieving these became the first company in its sector three items, an entrepreneur in China to be listed on the Shanghai can fully deserve his title.” Stock Exchange. The Phoenix Award
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 13 Falling Solar Cost Attracts across its wind, coal fired and gas- though had been chosen so that the Foreign Investment of India based power projects. A number of school immediately proceeded the Solar energy tariff in India has become renewable energy producers too are ICG Congress in Shanghai with the extremely competitive, falling to a looking for investors and partners intention of attracting more overseas record-low of Rs. 4.34 a unit in January to finish their pipeline of committed delegates. In the event most were still as overseas and local renewable projects. from China, but with India, Japan and energy firms bid aggressively to “Solar has now become manageable Sudan also represented. win projects under the government in the country as far as the tariffs are The day began early for teachers provided solar parks. These solar concerned. With tariffs coming down and students alike with an 8 am start parks provide ready infrastructure and we thought it was a good time to start in a well-equipped lecture theatre land for developers to build projects, solar. In last couple of years, we’ve just a quarter of a mile from the reducing the risks and helping bring been making a lot of effort to put up a hotel. Apart from the first day, five the cost of energy down. bid together”, CLP India said. 45 minute lectures were completed India needs as much as $200 billion to each day before the lunch break at nd meet its target to install 100 GW of 2 ICG Winter School held in noon. The subject matter ranged solar power and 60,000 MW of wind Wuhan, China over glass fundamentals through power by 2022. This has seen global 34 Students and 12 teachers gathered structural analysis to advanced investors, including the renewable this springtime for the second applications, and from glass strength energy companies, make a beeline for China Winter School. The seasonal to optical properties such as coatings the country. mismatch in the title was even more and quantum dot structures. The ICG CLP India Pvt. Ltd., one of the largest apparent as warm weather arrived team gave about half the lectures investors in India’s power sector, is in Wuhan at the same time as the and the remainder were presented planning to invest about $1 billion for delegates. Nevertheless the heavy by academics from Wuhan itself or setting up over 1 GW of solar plant rain and thunder which quickly other Chinese Universities working over the next 3-5 years through followed did nothing to dampen the on glass. enthusiasm of those present. JNNSM. CLP India operates more At the end of each lecture the students than 3,000 MW of power capacity The date (March 31 - April 4, 2016) were encouraged to ask questions
14 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com and this was one of the successful best structured and most persuasive in the future EU Circular Economy aspects of the course. Indeed based argument. The members of this must also ensure increased safety of on student perceptions of the event, group were: Zhou Wang, Kai Chen, food contact materials. the next course will shift the emphasis Jun Zhang, Wenke Li and Jinwei Li. Food contact materials and articles slightly from formal teaching to Following were the main speakers: are today covered by the EU both unstructured and structured Prof. Yiwang Bao (China Building Framework Regulation (EC) No discussion sessions, the latter having Materials Academy), Prof. Reinhard 1935/2004 which establishes general a more tutorial emphasis. Conradt (Aachen University), safety requirements and identifies On the first afternoon, students Prof. Bernard Hehlen (Montpellier 17 groups of materials and articles gave short presentations of their University), Prof. Lili Hu (SIOM, that may be subject to harmonised research. This was planned to help CAS, China), Prof. John Parker measures. In the absence of the them find their voices but also to (Sheffield University), Prof. Jianrong specific rules for non-harmonised inform those present of the wide Qui (South China University of groups of materials and articles the range of glass activities in China. Technology), Prof. Jinjun Ren (SIOM, possibility remains for Member States Presentations spanned subjects CAS, China), Prof. Jian Ruan (Wuhan to adopt national provisions. Thus, as diverse as foamed products for University of Technology, Dr. Akira diverse national interpretation results buildings to nanocrystalline fibre Takada (Asahi Glass Company), in additional market obstacles, loss of laser amplifiers. Almost immediately Prof. Rene Vacher (Montpellier competitiveness, and difficult access afterwards project subjects and University), Prof. Yuansheng Wang to the market for business operators. groupings were announced, based on (FJIRSM, CAS, China), Prof. Song Ye The draft report on the individual interests. The target date (Tongji University), Prof. Xiujian Zhao implementation of the Food for presenting their conclusions was (Wuhan University of Technology). Contact Materials Regulation (1) the last afternoon of the school. ICG acknowledged particular thanks has been recently published by its Immediately after lunch on the second to the Dean of Faculty at Wuhan, Rapporteur MEP Schaldemose in day the group activities began and the Prof. Xiujian Zhao and the local event the ENVI Committee. It calls for class room atmosphere was almost as organiser, Prof. Chao Liu. The quality further harmonisation at EU level for electric as the gathering storm clouds of the organisation for the event was non-harmonised materials through outside. Separating the students praised by several students in their specific measures based on scientific from their groups for dinner at 6 pm final questionnaire with comments evidence, better risk assessment, proved a significant task. The third such as "Wonderful" and "Don't change and traceability and monitoring of afternoon was equally intense and a anything!" compliance with legislation. planned social session after dinner in The next ICG Winter School is currently “The EU Framework Regulation a local coffee house proved a time for planned for 13-17th November 2017. constitutes a solid legal basis, and discussion with tutors and final honing Do put the date in your diary and watch its objectives remain relevant, of presentations. the ICG web site (www.icglass.org) for commented MEP Schaldemose, but On the final afternoon, eight groups updates. this is no longer enough to guarantee had 10 minutes to present their the safety of recycled materials which conclusions and were then faced Safe & Circular: Boosting can potentially contain substances by a further 10 minute grilling by Recycling Rates and Ensuring dangerous for consumers’ health. It is speakers and students alike. Subjects Food Safety really great we can work on this topic ranged widely from the analysis of A tighter convergence of objectives together”. archaeological samples through the and a stronger legal coherence A more harmonised Food Contact carbon footprint of double glazed between the safety of Food Contact Material legislation which takes windows, and from the motion of Materials and the principles of the account of the Circular Economy oxygen’s linked to sodium ion diffusion Circular Economy were debated at challenges will also give better market to 3D printing. Finally the winning European Parliament and co-hosted access to those materials which do group who examined the value of by MEPs Birgit Collin-Langen (EPP, not contain chemicals, are safely double glazing in Wuhan was the DE) and Christel Schaldemose (S&D, recycled in clean and simple streams one adjudged to have produced the DK). The increase of waste recycling and can guarantee consumer safety
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 15 because of their inherent properties. ones. According to a Europe-wide a month. Some countries like Slovakia “We are now working at these independent survey involving 8,000 or Czech Republic are slightly less challenges in the ENVI Committee. European consumers in 11 countries engaged. In Switzerland, almost all Safety and recyclability of food and commissioned by the Friends people claim to recycle glass (93%), packaging needs to be addressed of Glass community, over 94% of followed by Italy (91%) and Germany simultaneously and urgently”, European consumers recycle their (89%). France (74%) and Spain warned MEP Collin-Langen, Shadow household packaging material and (77%) are the countries with the Rapporteur on the Report, “only most see glass as the most recyclable highest rate of people who know that then will we be able to guarantee a option. glass can be ‘infinitely’ recycled into high level of health protection for EU When categorized into age groups, new bottles and jars. citizens and minimize the impacts on older generations are generally The survey also took gender the environment”. more aware of the importance of differences into consideration. Women In his intervention to the debate, environmental benefits of recycling are less aware of the sustainable Michael Warhurst from CHEM Trust food and drink packaging. Here the properties of glass than men. This made the case for more harmonised awareness gap is quite important was especially prevalent in the survey regulation of chemicals in contact in all countries. In Spain, there is an findings for participants in the United with food and called for a direct link awareness difference between young/ Kingdom, Germany and the Czech between REACH and food contact old of 27%. In Slovakia, this number Republic. Also, in general, men make legislation (2). “We need a stronger is down to 20%. The 60+ age group use of more packaging than women. connection between the promotion also recycles practically all of their In Slovakia and Croatia, there is a of recycling and ensuring the safety packaging (including glass bottles and lower awareness about the recycling of recycled materials used in food jars) and generally outperforms the benefits of glass among both genders. contact applications. In addition, a 18-29 age group. In some countries In Switzerland, both men and woman true circular economy requires the such as Croatia (23%) and the UK recycle at a rate of above 90%. (22%) the gap is much higher than removal of problem chemicals at Vitaliano Torno added: “We are in other countries such as Czech the design stage, making non-toxic encouraged that, as a sustainable Republic (13%) or Italy (7%). material cycles a reality”. topic, recycling is considered so The Secretary-General of the Speaking on behalf of Friends of Glass, important for European consumers. European Container Glass Federation President of FEVE, Vitaliano Torno Even more encouraging is that they (FEVE), which collaborated in the said, “Nowadays, younger people also view glass as the gold standard organisation of the MEP debate (3) lead busier lives. We know that their for sustainable living - given its unique remarked that “it is important we recycling efforts can have a positive recycling properties. We can be very have harmonised EU legislation for impact on the planet their children satisfied with what we have achieved all food packaging materials to get rid will inherit. Millennials can make a to date but we must not become of any internal market barriers to the proactive start now by adopting a complacent and we must continue circulation of safe recycled packaging. more sustainable lifestyle, but also to work hard to inform people that The use of permanent materials like by choosing to use, and recycle, glass bottles have endless lives. Also, glass should be encouraged: they more glass. As the industry body for they are the most precious resource do not lose their safety properties European Glass Packaging, we are when it comes to making new bottles no matter how many times they are more than aware that a lot needs to as recycled glass replaces virgin recycled”. be done to better inform and engage raw materials, saves energy and a younger generation, hence our benefits the environment. European When it Comes to Recycling, Age continued investment in Friends of consumers can actively contribute Matters Glass”. to achieve a 100% recycling rate by bringing their used glass bottles to the Although Europeans are becoming Most countries surveyed say that glass nearest bottle bank” increasingly aware of the importance is their preferred packaging choice for of recycling food and drink packaging, its environmental credentials. In 9 out (News Source: AIGMF Research Team/ World Wide Web) older generations are more informed of the 11 countries surveyed, people and committed than younger on average recycle 6-20 glass items in
16 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 WE ARE GLASS PEOPLE
WALL THICKNESS
MULTIPOINT THICKNESS SENSOR MTS10/05 STAND-ALONE OR INTEGRATED IN HEYE SMARTLINE Covers all critical areas of a container Flexible combination with single point sensor Superior chromatic confocal method Independent of measuring range and angle Suitable for round and non-round containers
www.heye-international.com
RZ_HEY_AZ_MTS10_A4_Kanch.indd 1 03.02.16 11:52 ASSOCIATIONS > UGSC
Sustainability in glass According to Robert Weisenburger Lipetz, the Usable Glass Strength Coalition represents an opportunity to Glass Worldwide share the costs and benefits of fundamental research is the official journal of into glass strength. UGSC
beverage, transportation, wind and solar and electronics. of flaws in glass, creating a Unfortunately, the pace of innovation in the glass stronger base of glass and then manufacturing industry lags behind that of other applying these techniques for a industries, in part because of the competitiveness of giant leap in glass strength. companies, creating uncollaborative silos of research. Such competitiveness tends to force focus more on short-term FUNDAMENTAL ROI, which favours applied research over basic research. LABORATORY TECHNIQUES While useful, applied research is not likely to produce the The UGSC is at a point where game-changing innovation in glass strength that would yield advancing fundamental laboratory a quantum leap in sustainability achievements. techniques can be exploited. Over the last decade, the development GAME-CHANGER of cutting edge research tools has Although a ubiquitous and extremely versatile material, it is been observed, including: well known that glass is subjected to fundamental flaws, it • The two-point bend test for
Robert Weisenburger Lipetz is Secretary, fractures and to make it strong enough to use, it is heavy. glass fibres. of the Usable Glass Strength Coalition If it could be understood why glass factures and thus • Improved computer and Executive Director at the Glass Manufacturing Industry Council. create new manufacturing processes that lightweight glass modeling of flaws and products and create a glass that is tens or hundreds of times fracture surfaces, utilising Sustainability is a key strategic stronger in use, it would revolutionise the use of glass as a super computers in national objective for industrial material and have a huge impact on sustainability objectives. laboratories and universities. organisations. A fundamentally The industry-led consortium, the Usable Glass • The Abrio stress birefringence stronger usable glass would Strength Coalition (UGSC), is an opportunity for companies technique, capable of revolutionise the efficiencies of that participate in the glass industry to share costs and studying the effect of impacts glass production, significantly the potential benefits of fundamental research into usable on the near surface region. reducing energy use, production glass strength, without breaking their research budgets. • Advances in the use of atomic and transportation costs, material Table 1 compares the theoretical strength of glass force microscopy to study usage and environmental and the material’s usable strength. Currently, the brittle flaw sites and the relaxation of emissions. A stronger glass nature of glass is highly susceptible to the generation of indentation on the surface of would also revolutionise the fatal surface flaws during manufacture and handling. As glass to study cracks. uses and efficiencies of glass a result, the usable strength of glass has only reached • Probing of molecular species applications, rendering enormous a fraction of its potential and typical glass applications orientation with vibrational efficiencies in all related realise only 0.5% of the intrinsic strength. Improved sum frequency generation industries, such as food and processing techniques and secondary treatments like spectroscopy. thermal and chemical tempering have pushed the strength • And an increased envelope even further to around 4% of intrinsic strength(1). understanding of surface Even modest gains in glass strength translate to phenomena, including sustainability efficiencies. Less raw material is needed to corrosion and the interaction make the same products. Less energy is required, creating of glass with coatings and substantial savings and reducing emissions. Furnace the environment. campaigns are extended. Forming production requires less Unfortunately, the funding to time. Stronger glass means lighter products. Transportation rigorously put the techniques costs are reduced and storage is more efficient, yet what and capabilities to use in holds the most potential to revolutionise glass usage understanding glass strength is is the fact that stronger, lighter glass vastly multiplies not readily available and research the uses available for products and makes them more is sporadic. The means to efficient. A breakthrough in the understanding and thus address this has been discussed the production of strong glass would be a game-changer. at international conferences, A number of techniques exist to increase the usable such as the PACRIM and GOMD strength of glass, such as lamination, chemical and meetings from 2009 through thermal tempering. The UGSC is based on the idea that to 2011. It was there that the A crack propagates into the glass from a surface flaw. the real payoff comes from understanding the nucleation concept of developing a coalition
Usable Glass Strength Coalition, web: www.gmic.org
Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 112 11/07/2016 10:39 ASSOCIATIONS > UGSC www.aigmf.com
KEY OBJECTIVES • The development of the The UGSC’s mission is as an industry- next generation of glass driven and supported pre-competitive technical experts and research programme to identify researchers. critical parameters for improving the usable strength of glass. With RESEARCH STRATEGY this emphasis on pre-competitive The coalition’s research research, the UGSC places research agenda comprises a series results in the public domain and of individual, pre-competitive does not seek patent protection. multi-year university research However, coalition participants have projects. A number of industry the substantial benefit of having first and university experts have access to research results, prior to contributed to the creation of a these results being made public. research strategy. Table 1: Theoretical versus usable glass strength. Key objectives of the coalition are: The research strategy and • A fundamental understanding research RFPs are governed was born to unite glass users, glass manufacturers, of the initiation of flaws in both and refined through research academics and government representatives, as an simple and multi-component council and board processes. effort to begin crafting a research roadmap, identifying oxide glasses, including new The overall focus of the public and private funding and negotiating a method tools and analysis techniques. research strategy can be of sharing information. The shared vision is that • Ensuring glass science research described in terms of improving most glass companies cannot independently support continues at the university level the understanding of: a fundamental research agenda to understand and and to provide industry guidance • Glass surface structure and significantly improve the usable strength of glass. on the direction of research. chemistry, particularly as it However, by working together with pooled funding and • Fostering collaborative relationships relates to the susceptibility shared risk, the opportunity to significantly improve the among industry members and to chemical, thermal and usable strength of glass is achievable. between industry and universities. physical damage.
Usable Glass Strength Coalition, web: www.gmic.org
SOMANY CONFERENCE HALL at office
"Somany Conference Hall" can accommodate 18- 20 people.
Hall is equipped with 43" Smart Wi-Fi TV, Computer work station and other basic facilities.
AIGMF members can avail Hall for business meetings (at no charge) which could be planned between 10 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday and 10 am to 2 pm on Saturdays.
Booking is however subject to its availability on a working day.
Request for booking may be sent at [email protected]
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 19 Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 113 11/07/2016 10:39 ASSOCIATIONS > UGSC
Research RFPs. participation fee and voting power is determined on a ‘sliding scale’, based on metrics associated with global annual sales or purchases of the participating company. Current participation consists of six organisations: Diageo, Why glass strength now? Johns Manville, PepsiCo, Sun Chemicals, GMIC and US Borax. Commitments from additional coalition participants • Mechanisms of chemical Manufacturing Industry Council. are anticipated in the near future. and physical damage (flaw GMIC is a key strategic partner to In October 2013, the UGSC announced an award generation) as they relate to leverage its extensive experience and of $110,000 for a grant to Pennsylvania State University usable strength reduction. credibility with industry, university (PSU), University Park, Pennsylvania, to carry out research To simplify the roadmap, and government agencies. The to improve the understanding of manufactured glass the UGSC has developed a coalition has been incorporated as a products’ strength properties. The research, which two-step graphic. The first Limited Liability Corporation (LLC), has been renewed for its fourth year, ‘Controlling and and current step starts with wholly-owned by GMIC. Coalition understanding reactive surface sites on multicomponent understanding surface structure participation and governance is glasses’, is led by principle investigator, Seong H Kim, and chemistry. A component of completely independent of the Professor of Chemical Engineering and Associate this is understanding the effect GMIC and does not require GMIC Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at PSU. of chemistry on surface structure membership. The aim of the study is to characterise the distribution and how surface structure Coalition participation includes and chemical nature of reactive surface sites on glass is impacted by chemical and the right to: that nucleate strength-controlling defects. As stated in the physical damage. Therefore, • Obtain early access to the PSU research abstract: “It is reasonable to expect that the the first goal is to have the research body of work. existence and concentration of strength-controlling atomic researchers explain why glass • Collectively set the coalition and nano-scale defect precursors depend on the surface shows a reduction in strength. research agenda. cooling rate and the local atmosphere. These processing The roadmap’s second step • Collectively select research variables could provide an effective means to controlling moves in a direction that is more projects for funding. and enhancing the strength of glass through irreversible application-specific. This is not Participation is open to all companies, chemical (or physical) passivation of these defect currently within the coalition’s industry consortia and universities, precursors at time of their creation.” research horizon but may be part regardless of country of origin. Each The coalition’s second Request for Research of its function as the years go on. participating organisation appoints a Proposals was sent in December 2015 for a 2016 To provide administration, representative to serve on the board of research grant to run concurrently with current the Usable Glass Strength directors and a representative to serve research. Ten proposals were received from univerisities Coalition is aligned with the Glass on the research council. The annual around the world. At the time of this publication, UGSC is in negotiations for the additional research grant. It is the goal of the coalition to understand the fundamental behaviour of glass to the level that a new generation of usably strong glass can be manufactured, with the potential of revolutionising glass as a material and significantly improving the sustainability of allied industries.
REFERENCE 1. W A Smith and T M Michalske, DOE contract No DE-AC04- 0DPOO789, 1990.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Robert Weisenburger Lipetz is Secretary of the Usable Glass Strength Coalition and Executive Director at the Glass Manufacturing Industry Council UGSC seed funding members.
Usable Glass Strength Coalition, web: www.gmic.org
Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 114 11/07/2016 10:39 www.aigmf.com A Note on Closed Glass Companies in the USA for Artistic Appreciation
Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Technology Consultant & Ex-Principal Govt. College of Engg. & Ceramic Technology West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata [email protected]
Abstract
As in many countries in the world, there are 10 or even 20 large glass companies in the USA that we always discuss in terms of types of glass products, quality, larger production volumes and sometimes in the context of stock market performance for investment purpose. However, there are a number of glass companies, perhaps to the tune of several hundred, which are either having a smaller base of production, scattered around the east coast of USA, or they are simply producing some of the exotic art glasses for various decorative purposes, and some elegant shapes for some other useful applications. Many of these glass companies have been defunct in the past 100 years or so due to a variety of reasons, but their stories are not forgotten or rather their historical significance are still a matter of intense deliberations among the concerned people. In this article, some of their stories will be briefly elaborated.
INTRODUCTION for food and beverage industry. In the USA as well as in many In the early sixties (about fifty years Outside the main door, a part of the countries, such type of abandoned ago), before becoming a glass street used to be strewn with broken or closed glass plants (or any other technologist, I used to watch a medium glasses that we know today as cullets. plants) gave rise to some other type of sized container (bottle) manufacturing This was a significant experience for a business activities, particularly the real activity in the southern part of (now) glass technologist yet to be born, and estate activities in terms of residential Kolkata, called Krishna Glass Works, now that experience is lingering in the blocks and commercial complexes, which had later set up another plant mind as I am travelling in some of the such as branded shops, supermarkets in nearby Baruipur. Standing on the eastern parts of USA, particularly in and dazzling malls that again require main street in front of a large and the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania a lot of flat glass, as described in wide factory gate, one could partially and Ohio -- mostly the latter where several articles of Kanch. [1, 2] This is watch the glass tank furnace and the several glass plants literally took birth a kind of industrial/business evolution hot gobs taken out from a small pool in the USA. Many of the glass plants that many people cherish and many of molten glass to be formed into in these areas have been defunct for creative people do very hard work glass bottles by a blowing technique more than a century. to make it happen (mostly through a
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 21 large investment) -- as if to replicate there is a lack of urge "to make 1) Bakewell Glass the past level of activity that created museums or even create archives" Englishman Benjamin Bakewell those older plants -- to be able to to be able to perpetuate certain past started production of 'glassware' at pay respect to their past creators glorious activities, the entrepreneurial his Pittsburgh factory in Pennsylvania. or their deeds. Although this has creativity on such matters is quite Founded in 1808, the factory was a more or less acceptable business commendable -- particularly in the renowned for its cut and engraved logic of transforming older assets context of recent Indian 'start-up' glass. Bakewell is also known as the (like land) into profitable newer activity that has taken a huge leap "father of the flint glass industry" in the assets, the 'importance of conserving' forward. USA. One of his family members (John some of the traditional artistic items After giving a list of some defunct glass P. Bakewell) invented and patented in museums and preserving some of companies in the USA as well as in the first known process for "pressed the extraordinary moulds & patterns UK, some of these companies will be glass" in 1825, making possible mass for making such elegant glasses in chosen for some more descriptions production of glass for the first time. archives cannot be underestimated. In to be really brief in the midst of ocean 2) Belmont Glass Company most of the plant locations described of data available in this field. below, one could see both types of It was Ohio’s early glassmaking activities, i.e. business transformation LIST OF DEFUNCT companies and was also known as the and archiving of older items of value. COMPANIES Belmont Glass Works named after its In the transformation of business This list is nevertheless location in Belmont County, Ohio. The assets in glasses from one passive comprehensive and many defunct company began operations in 1866 in plant with land and other assets, companies have been possibly left a riverfront village along the east side such as electricity, water, obsolete out. In certain states in the USA, of the county (known as Bellaire), equipment or plantation to another e.g. in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Here, the community had resource business, say a new plant with new Pennsylvania, Ohio, and some mid- advantages: a) Transportation set of machinery and equipment, western states, the activity in the infrastructure, b) Fuel from Ohio or even a real estate development field of container glass of various hues Coal Belt, c) glassmaking expertise for the betterment of economic and colours was quite extensive. The (HR) 8 Km away in Wheeling area in activity in the local region, there is reason was a need to serve the food West Virginia. This company made a tremendous amount of creative and beverage industry that started chimneys, lamps, and bar goods -- th activity in terms of the requirements developing in the early 19 century. either blown or pressed that ceased of modern management, such as Even if some of these glass plants operations in 1890, although Bellaire financial engineering, human resource closed down after a few years, the became the 'glass city' and encouraged utilization, technical scrutiny and entrepreneurial energy remained a lot of entrepreneurs to start making intact that gave rise to some newer upgradation, etc. for better utilization glass in the Ohio and Indiana regions. of assets. As the famous dictum goes: glass companies or even to plastic if there is an idle asset -- why not and metal container companies to utilize it!! be able to serve the same end users. However, many of those companies On the other hand, we must respect dealing with artistic/decorative items our history and conserve our artistic perished due to the problems of tradition to eventually appreciate the finance and some other reasons, such tremendous efforts of entrepreneurial as competitive pressure, marketing 1882 drawing of the Belmont Glass Works creativity to start something fresh in edge, human resources, or labour the midst of nowhere and in the utter 3) Brookfield Glass Company problems. Nevertheless, all such financial hardship of those men in the James Madison Brookfield started companies need a little mention on yesteryears. This not only gives rise making both insulators and bottles their past glory. to some sort of good feeling, but also as food storage jars (pickle and relish it gives insights for a start up. This is The list of such old and defunct jars) in 1864, when the plant was abundantly clear in almost all regions companies in the USA is mentioned in known as Bushwick Glass Works, in of the USA. Even in India, although alphabetical order as follows: Brooklyn, New York. In the 1870s
22 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com and 1880s, the need for insulators glass bottles for the pharmaceutical the Dugans left the company and increased that was spurred by more and perfume industries, which was was renamed as Diamond Glass Co. telegraph lines. This ultimately gave one of the first plants to use "IS in 1913. The company continued rise to a 2nd plant in Old Bridge, New Machine" with individual sections production until a fire destroyed the Jersey -- where production stopped in with a timer to automatically blow plant in 1931. 1920, while the Brooklyn plant closed and move the bottles to a conveyor after 1912. system. In 1944, the company was acquired by the Anchor-Hocking 4) Boston and Sandwich Glass Glass Company, and they experienced Company a major expansion. Carr-Lowrey A glass factory was built by Deming was one of the producers of the Jarves in 1825 in Sandwich, famous Avon bottles that were shaped Massachusetts, that was taken over like cars, planes, animals, and also by The Boston and Sandwich Glass white glass shampoo bottles for Head Co. in 1826, and it was one of the & Shoulders, as well as facial cream earliest to produce 'pressed glass'. bottles for Procter & Gamble. Carr Incidentally, this plant was closed Lowrey had formidable competition in in 1888 amid disputes with a newly Dugan peach opalescent bowl with marigold New Jersey with Wheaton Glass and formed glassmakers' labor union. [3] carnival from foreign companies such as St. 5) Cambridge Glass Gobain in France and Rocco Bormioli 9) Dunbar Glass in Italy. St. Gobain eventually opened This manufacturer of glassware was This was a glassmaking company a plant in Georgia, which spelled founded in 1873 in Cambridge, Ohio, founded in 1913 in Dunbar, West doom for Carr-Lowrey. Even if the that produced a range of coloured Virginia, near to the resource area for glassware in the 1920s, initially with Baltimore community helped them glass sand and fuel (coal) for furnace. opaque shades, but moving on to with money, Carr-Lowrey was Although this company closed down in transparent shades by the end of never able to remain profitable and 1953, some of its 'craftsmen' formed the decade. Unable to compete eventually closed its doors in 2003. Kanawha Glass Co. to continue with mass-produced glassware, the 7) Cheshire Crown Glass Company production. company closed briefly in 1954, but was reopened in 1955. However, The company was established in 1812 10) Duncan & Miller Glass Company financial difficulties persisted, and, in Cheshire, Massachusetts, to take It was a well-known glass after several ownership changes, the advantage of the high-quality sand in manufacturing company founded in factory finally closed down in 1958. [4] the area, by Captain Daniel Brown's two sons (Darius and John) who 1865 by George Duncan & family had stores and distillery. It produced in the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, 'crown glass' for windows by using Pennsylvania, and the glass items sand from a nearby Lanesborough. were known as "Duncan Glass" or "Duncan Miller Glass". By 1890, Apple Blossom Caprice However, the company was not successful and closed down in 1816. the company joined other glass This factory was built on a high-quality companies to form the US Glass Co., sand bed that was later discovered in a powerful "glass trust". In 1892, the 1845 to give rise to a new plant on factory was destroyed in a fire, and plate glass. [5] the company was relieved of its trust relationship with the USGC. After 8) Dugan Glass Company the fire, the second generation of Chantilly Chrysanth Cleo In 1904, Thomas Dugan bought the the Duncan family moved operations 6) Carr Lowrey Glass Company closed Northwood glass factory and to Washington area in Pennsylvania. The company was founded in renamed it after his name in Indiana In 1900, John Ernest Miller, the Baltimore, Maryland, in 1889 by Samuel County, Pennsylvania. The Dugan company's long-time designer, Carr and William Lowrey to make Glass Co. continued production after became a full shareholder along
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 23 with members of the Duncan family. dinnerware and bar beverage sets. 1983, Fostoria sold its factory to By 1955, economic pressures from The early designs continued to be Lancaster Colony Corporation of machine-produced glass forced the made using state-of-the-art mould Columbus, Ohio. By 1986, Lancaster company to sell off its assets to the injected machinery and new colored Colony closed the factory and sold USGC, who continued to produce glassware patterns in amber, pink, the remaining stock directly to the Duncan-style glass until 1980. purple and blue were introduced. consumers. New style of marketing expanded sales into restaurants, hospitals and the military during World War II. Federal remained one of the largest glass manufacturers until the 1960s, when American dinnerware tastes turned to plastics such as Melmac. D & M Glass Co. near Pittsburgh, Federal was incorporated as Federal Pennsylvania Paper Board Company in 1958. Federal Glass Co. held its own in the design and sale of tumblers to the Fostoria Plate with design home and commercial markets, but new food service offerings, including 13) General Glass Industries Texasware, made inroads, cutting the It was a US based wholly owned company's commercial sales. During subsidiary of General Glass the late 1960s and early 1970s, the International (GGI). This company company attempted to spin the glass manufactured sheet glass from 1988 designs that earlier made Federal until 1993 using the Foucault process. a household name. The Madrid GGI also produced cut sheet and line (later called Recollection) was window glass from flat glass produced introduced in 1976. Finally, Federal's by other manufacturers. The site new designs and sales approach was of GGI was located in Jeannette, A ruby-red pitcher in Duncan's Georgian not successful. The doors of the plant Pennsylvania, which is located east of pattern were closed in 1979. Pittsburgh, PA. GGI was one of the 11) Federal Glass largest single employers in Jeannette and was one of the last of the "major" The Company started operations in glass plants to operate in the "Glass Columbus, Ohio, in 1900, making City". According to local rumors the pressed glass. This manufacturing "Window House", as it was known, technique utilized metal forms and was once the largest producer of hot liquid glass to create a line of Milk Glass & Identifiable item window glass in the world. Production glassware that beat out much of the ceased in 1993 after the expected competition due to the low prices 12) Fostoria Glass Company life of a glass furnace, and after its and distinctive lines that featured It manufactured pressed, blown liquidation, GGI wanted to pursue raised designs resembling popular and hand-moulded glassware and initiatives in the other regions. needlepoint patterns. During the tableware for almost 100 years. It early years, the glass moulds for began operations in Fostoria, Ohio, 14) Hartford City Glass Company tumblers, breakfast-ware and lunch- in 1887, at South Vine Street, near It was among the top three window ware were filled by hand. Federal Railroad on free land donated by glass producers in the USA between expanded its factory and purchased the towns' people. When natural 1890 and 1899, and also the country's automated glass making equipment in resources declined in Fostoria, the largest manufacturer of chipped the 1920s. The company also enlarged company moved to Moundsville, West glass, with capacity double that of its its sales force and began marketing Virginia, in 1891. Foreign competition nearest competitor. The company's the glass to homemakers for use as increased during the 1970s. In works was the first of eight glass
24 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com plants that existed in Hartford City of its plants were sold to Brockway production beginning in 1904 in in Indiana during its 'gas boom'. Many Glass Co. that was almost the end of Bellaire, Ohio, for the handmade of its skilled workers were from operation of Hazel-Atlas. glassware sold worldwide with Belgium, at the time the world’s mainly pressed glass patterns. The leading manufacturer of window 16) Heisey Glass Company factory was labeled as one of the glass. In 1899, it was acquired by the It was formed in Newark, Ohio, in largest glass factories under one American Window Glass Co., which 1895 by A. H. Heisey providing fine roof, and its most famous product controlled 85% capacity of window quality glass tableware and decorative was their "Candlewick" series, glass. During the 1920s, competitors glass figurines. Both pressed and which even has a street named for developed new production processes blown glassware were made in a wide it in Bellaire. The company hit rough that eclipsed their technology, and the variety of patterns and colors, as well times in the early 1970s and was company lost its advantage. By the as glass-automobile headlights and close to bankruptcy. Imperial Glass time the Great Depression struck in Holophane Glassware lighting fixtures Co. was saved by Lenox and turned 1929, the plant had closed. that were readily identifiable by its to a general manufacture, but low high clarity and brilliance, which were demand eventually led to its closure 2 large stained- highly finished through the process in 1984. The factory was razed in glass windows of "fire-polishing" with polished 1995 to make room for commercial installed by bottoms. The company was operated development and the office building Hartford City Glass Co. by Heisey and his sons until 1957, was transformed into a museum when the factory closed. [6] known as the "National Imperial Glass Museum".
19) J. H. Hobbs, Brockunier and Company The company was first organized as Barnes and Hobbs in 1845 by James B. Barnes and John L. Hobbs, who held supervisory positions at the New 15) Hazel-Atlas Glass Company England Glass Co. in Massachusetts It was a large producer of machine- before starting their business venture. Heisey "Ivorina Verde" souvenir cup (a Then, they came to Wheeling, Virginia, moulded glass containers founded decade prior to WW-I) in 1902 in the Wheeling area, West to begin their new glass company for 17) Hemingray Glass Company Virginia, as a result of merger of four mostly pressed and blown tableware. companies: Hazel Glass and Metals It was an US glass making company In 1891, the Hobbs glass works Company (started in 1887), Atlas founded in 1848 by Robert Hemingray joined the US Glass Company trust Glass Company (started in 1896), and Ralph Gray, in Covington that controlled over a dozen glass Wheeling Metal Plant, Republic Glass (Kentucky) and Cincinnati (Ohio) with plants. In 1893, the glass works was Company. By 1930, they had 15 main production in Muncie (Indiana), closed. It remained closed until 1902 plants with high volume of production producing bottles, fruit jars, pressed when the property was sold to Harry of the white milkglass "inserts" and glass-dishes, tumblers, battery jars, Northwood (a former employee of many types of milkglass cold cream fishbowls, lantern globes and oil the company). jars and salve containers. They were lamps. In 1933, the company was sold 20) Jersey Glass Company an important producer of a very large to the Owens-Illinois Glass Co., but variety of bottles and jars for the production remained in Muncie under It was a maker of pressed glass in commercial packaging industry being the Hemingray name. The main plant Paulus Hook, New Jersey, founded in the third largest manufacturer of glass in Muncie shut down in 1966. 1824 by George Dummer, who had containers in the USA (10% market experience as a glass-cutter (in Albany, share), making the brand name 18) The Imperial Glass Company New York) that encouraged him "Atlas" the most popular line of fruit The Imperial Glass Co. was founded to add a glass production unit to his jars for home canning. In 1964, most in 1901 by Edward Muhleman, with glass-importing and trading outfit. He
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 25 increased to forty-four the number more fragile. The company later company only lasted one year and of steam-driven cutting wheels merged with Corning Glass Works in finally closed in 1912. and experimented with materials Charleroi by 1936. [7] to produce engraved and gilded 24) New England Glass Company glass. After sometime the company 23) Millersburg Glass Company This company started in 1818 by specialized in hand-blown, blown- This company was started in 1908 Deming Jarves et al in Cambridge, molded, pressed and cut glasses. in Millersburg, Ohio, by John W Massachusetts, producing both blown Fenton after he left Fenton Art Glass and pressed glass objects in a variety Co. The factory was state-of-the- of colors which had engraved, cut, art for its day and opened in 1909. etched, and gilded decorations. It The company was well known for was one of the first glass companies its 'carnival color' that was Radium, to use a steam engine to operate which was also known for its bright its cutting machines, and it built the and shiny finish. Other colors being only oven in the country that could Pressed Glass, transparent green Rectangular, made by Millersburg were green, manufacture 'red lead', a key ingredient embossed with a basket of fruit on each side amethyst, and marigold, as well as and a 5-petal flower on each end. 2 x 2 3/4in. in the making of 'flint glass'. By the vaseline, blue, lavender, and aqua. 1850s, this company was considered 21) Knox Glass Bottle Company John was not the best businessman, one of the leading glass-houses in the he was more of a promoter. It was a glass manufacturer based USA (about 40 existing at that time), in Knox (Clarion County) in The factory was in an obscure best known for its cut and engraved Pennsylvania, with several plants location and the company folded glass. In 1878, the company was sold throughout the USA for mostly glass in 1911. The company was sold to to end the operation. bottles, many of which were milk Samuel Fair and was reopened as bottles, beer bottles, and a large the Radium Glass Company. This number of medicine bottles in a variety of standard sizes. The company's founder was Roy Underwood. There was a lawusuit between the company and a former executive that defined in detail the fiduciary duties of a corporate director and officer. The company was acquired in 1968 by the Glass Container Corp., which finally filed a Chapter-11 bankruptcy petition in Delaware. A new England Glass Company-ware 22) Macbeth-Evans Glass Company Persian Medallion in marigold 25) New England Glassworks It was an American glass company that created very fine glassware with It was a short-lived glass-making beautiful designs but is famous for factory located in Temple, New making depression glass. It was located Hampshire, founded in 1780, and in Charleroi, Pennsylvania, and started one of the first glassworks in the USA in 1899. Before 1929, Macbeth-Evans by Robert Hewes, a Boston-based made hand blown glass before the businessman. The main glasshouse use of machines became popular. was determined to be about 65 feet This method was adopted by the (20 m) square, containing a glass company in 1930. The most popular furnace of German design. Despite color used in tableware was pink, having finance from the state, the and the glass made was thinner than quality of its products (window glass, other companies of the time, thus Green opalescent Basket Weave plate bottles, and similar household items)
26 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com was not particularly good, since the Ohio during the region's brief Gas sand used in the glass was apparently Boom in the late 19th Century. The sourced locally and of poor quality. company made drinking glasses, bar But it failed due to the financing goods, and novelties. Organization and logistical difficulties in 1783. Its Repeal Janice of the firm began late in 1890, with abandoned site was excavated in banker Rawson Crocker as president the 1970s, and is now listed on the and veteran glass man Henry National Register of Historic Places Crimmel as plant manager. The plant in 1975. was built on the site of the former Buttler Art Glass Company, which 26) New Geneva Glass Works had been destroyed by fire in 1889. Due to the efforts of many partners Production started in February 1891. Moondrops Radiance and some glassblowers under Albert Like many companies during Ohio’s Gallatin, the production started in The company was renamed Viking brief 'Gas Boom', the Novelty was 1798 near Georges Creek in Western Glass in 1944. short-lived and the plant was shut Pennsylvania. The glassblowers down in January 1892. mainly produced window glass, 28) Northwood Glass Company although whiskey bottles, bowls, The original Northwood glass and other hollow ware were also company was founded by Harry made. Production soon grew to an Northwood in 1887 in Martins ferry, annual average of 4,000 boxes of Ohio, and was moved to Ellwood window glass. At the same time, the City, Pennsylvania. But the company company was troubled by supply and did not prosper in that location. In A Novelty Glass Co. Advertisement in 1893 production issues, including properly 1895, Haeey opened up the New 30) Old Dominion Glass Company curing the wood they used for fuel, Northwood glass company in a cleaning the sand used to make the factory previously owned by the This plant started operations in 1901 glass, preparing batches of glass, and Indiana Glass Co. in Indiana County in Alexandria, Virginia. The company obtaining clay used to make furnace in Pennsylvania. This factory joined specialized in beer, medicine, and pots. The factory was sold to the National Glass Conglomerate in 1899. soda bottles, as well as novelty items. partners who looked for coal as fuel Harry developed his formula for In 1911, Lewes Hine photographed and moved the plant to Greensboro 'carnival glass' in another company in some of the child workers in the that operated from 1807 into the late Wheeling area in 1902. The company factory for his exposé of child labour. 1840s, but closed in 1847, because it continued producing glass, but was The factory was later destroyed by fire could no longer compete with newer, closed in 1925. in 1925. The property can be found nearby, glasshouses. [8] at North Fairfax and Montgomery 27) New Martinsville Glass Company streets.
It was a plant of decorative 31) The Root Glass Company glass products, founded in New It originated as 'Root Glass Works' in Martinsville, West Virginia, in 1901 in Vigo County, Indiana, by businessman an old glass factory. At first, it relied and Pennsylvania native Chapman upon pressed glass patterns for the majority of its income. By 1905 the J. Root in 1901 and a year after, he company began embellishing their moved to the city of Terre Haute, work by adding gold paint and ruby Indiana. By 1904 the company was stain. The company was renowned manufacturing beverage bottles for Coca-Cola as well as several other for the use of color in their glassware. Green Wishbone bowl They initially made tableware but beverage companies in the area. 29) Novelty Glass Company quickly expanded into vanities, bare Between 1905 and 1912 the Root ware, lamps, etc. They promoted It was one of over 70 glass-making Glass Co. workforce increased from liquor sets even through prohibition. companies that operated in northwest 600 to 825 employees. [9]
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 27 Root sold his Company to the 'Owens- the 1950s, Seneca introduced its the owner of the largest cut glass Illinois Glass Co.' in 1932. The iconic Driftwood Casual table setting pattern company then operating in Corning Coca-Cola bottle design (made at in an attempt to capture a less formal area, and Carder was an Englishman, Root Glass Co.’s Terre Haute factory) segment of the glassware market. who had many years' experience in was officially trademarked by the U.S. This pattern was produced for nearly designing glass. Hawkes purchased Patent and Trademark Office in 1977, 30 years, and became especially the 'glass blanks' for his cutting shop after the New Jersey-based American- important to the company as formal from many sources and eventually Wheaton Glass Corp. purchased the glassware became less popular. In wanted to start a factory to make the plant to be used as a warehouse in 1982, the company was sold to a blanks himself. After being acquired 1960. The building was razed, and group of investors that renamed the by Corning Glass in 1908, it became a new plant was constructed that company as Seneca Crystal Inc., but it the Steuben Division -- but in 2008, was sold to the American Can Corp. filed for bankruptcy in 1983. it was sold to Schottenstein Stores - in 1962, and the buildings were a holding Co. for retailers that finally purchased by the Midland Glass Co. 33) Sneath Glass Company ended its 108-year history in 2011. in 1968. In 1982 the Root family After a brief 1890s startup in Tiffin, sold its Associated Coca-Cola stock, Ohio, the Company moved to 35) Union Glass Company which was worth $417.5 million. The Hartford City, Indiana, to take It was a glass manufacturer located in Midland Glass plant closed in 1984, advantage of the 'Gas Boom' for Somerville, Massachusetts, founded in and by the 1990s the buildings had natural gas as an energy source for 1854 by a wealthy businessman, Amory been razed. There is now a state glass furnace. It was one of many glass- Houghton, after liquidating Bay State marker at this location. makers that moved to the region, Glass Co. The new factory's design and became Hartford City’s second was fairly typical of the time, with 32) Seneca Glass Company largest employer. Its main products several buildings for mixing, melting, It was once the largest manufacturer were initially lantern globes and blowing, grinding, and storage, on a of tumblers (drinking glasses) in founts, and railroads were its major wide street with immediate railway the USA, founded in 1892, and its customers. As demand for lanterns access. It housed two nine-pot 'coal- first plant was located in Fostoria, declined in the early 1900s, Sneath fired' furnaces, with each clay pot Ohio. The company was also known evolved to be the maker of glassware holding over 1350 Kg of molten glass. for its high-quality lead stemware, for portable kitchen cabinets. It manufactured a full line of flint which was hand-made for nearly a While lanterns, kitchenware, and glass products including lamps, lamp century. In 1896, the company moved refrigerator products were the major trimmings, bottles, windows, lenses, to Morgantown, West Virginia, and items during its existence, it also made and tableware during its existence, continued to produce high-quality a wide variety of additional products, and art glass (mostly iridescent) decorated glassware. A second plant e.g. aquariums, lenses, mailboxe, etc. from 1892 onwards. After a series was built in 1911 to produce tumblers and it was also an early producer of acquisition and name changes, the and less-elaborate ware. During of heat-proof glass. Management Union Glass plant operated until its did not adapt to competition from closing in 1924. the plastics industry and faced a 36) Westmoreland Glass Company shrinking market for its products, and could not raise prices due to "post- It was a company that produced glass 2nd World War" government price in Grapeville, Pennsylvania, founded in controls. Thus, the factory closed in 1889 after a group of men purchased 1952, after a work stoppage led by a Specialty Glass Co. in East Liverpool, the local labor unions. Pennsylvania, and moved the plant to Grapeville. There was a large resource 34) Steuben Glass Works of natural gas. Its main production was It was an art-glass maker, founded pressed glass tableware lines, mustard in 1903 by Frederick Carder and jars, and candy containers, as the Glassware made by the Seneca Glass Thomas Hawkes in Corning (Steuben owner had its own mustard factory Company County), New York. Hawkes was and tin shop in the plant area. The
28 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com company began to make high-quality 6. Earley and Company References hand-decorated glass from 1920 to 7. Alexander Gibbs 1) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, "Technology 1930, some of which was exhibited at 8. Grönvik Glasbruk of Float Glasses", Kanch, Vol. 5[3], the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh. In 9. Helio Glass (2012), 33-36. the 1940s, the new owners phased out 10. Lavers, Barraud and Westlake 2) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, the high-quality hand-decorated glass 11. Manufact. royale de glaces de "Transparency in Float Glasses and and began to produce primarily milk miroirs some Applications", Kanch, Vol. 2[3], (2014), 23-26. glass. It went out of business in 1984 12. Morris & Company and was sold for $75,000, and the 13. Nailsea Glassworks 3) Frank W. Chipman, (1932). The Romance of Old Sandwich Glass. location was converted into a storage 14. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Enamel Sandwich Publishing Company Inc. facility. [10] Plant 15. James Powell and Sons 4) "Centennial Antiques Reference 37) White Glass Company Library." Centennial Antiques 16. Ravenhead Glass homepage. Vicki Young. Web. 10 It was one of Ohio's early members of 17. Rocco Bormioli January 2010.
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 29 Programme(Sept Announcement 2, 2016) The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation
Enhancing Profitability by Empowering Workforce Business Opportunities for Indian Glass Companies at Port of Duqm, Sultanate of Oman and AIGMF Executive Committee Meeting / AGM ------VENUE: Casuarina Hall, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi- 110 003
1030 hrs Registration- Tea/Coffee
1100 hrs Opening Remarks By Mr. Sanjay Ganjoo, President AIGMF
1115 hrs Cost Effective Ways to Increase Morale & Motivation of Employees • Mr. Ashok Thussu, Executive Director, *LMI (Leadership Management International) • PPT by Mr. Rohit Nayyar, LMI Licensee
1215 hrs Interactive Session on Business Opportunities for Indian Glass Companies at Port of Duqm, Sultanate of Oman • PPT by Mr. Erwin Mortelmans, Commercial Director, **Port of Duqm Company SAOC • Short Video on Investment Opportunities • Question / Answer Session
1330 hrs Lunch
1400 hrs Executive Committee Meeting (for AIGMF Members only)
1450 hrs Annual General Meeting (for AIGMF Members only)
PARTICIPATION: Free of charge - Non-members need to pre-register at [email protected]
* LMI (Leadership Management International) is the world’s largest people development company in Transformational learning. LMI is present in 75 countries and more than 2.75 million people have undergone its programs. LMI help organizations (of all sizes) to increase their profitability - by working with their employees helping them to work to their full potential and enhancing their productive and leadership skills. ** Port of Duqm Company SAOC, is ideally located with close proximity to natural resources, major mineral mines with good road connectivity. Highlights of the project include a world class deep sea port (-18 mtrs depth & operational since 2012), logistics hub, international airport, upcoming rail route, new residential town, refinery, industrial areas, hotels & recreational areas. Duqm is strategically located on the main international trading routes between Asia and Europe and is projected to become one of the major transshipment hubs of the Middle East. The Port forms the heart of the biggest special economic and free zone development of the Middle East, which offers unique business incentive packages to investors seeking to take advantage of its strategic location.
30 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com Nipro Injects Innovation into Pre-filled Syringes and Targets US Expansion
Yoshihiko Sano President, Nipro Corporation
Medical devices, pharmaceuticals and glass pharmaceutical packaging products are the forte of the Nipro Corporation, and as such is well positioned to benefit from the rising global prefilled syringes market, which accounted for $3.9 billion in 2014 and is expected to grow with a CAGR of 12.9% during 2015-2020. Yoshihiko Sano, President of Nipro Corporation, explains how it is on track to hit its ambitious growth targets for 2020, its corporate culture of innovation, and its commitment to improve the working lives of medical staff and the healthy life expectations of people worldwide.
Since Nipro’s founding more than variety of pharmaceutical products given a high level of autonomy – they 60 years ago the corporation that fulfill this demand and we can offer are given the flexibility to adjust their has established a well earned these products as a system specifically bonuses based on the achievements and deserved reputation across through offering medical equipment, for their projects thereby allowing the industry for its ingenious, disposable medical devices, diagnostic flexibility to take on new initiatives. high quality product range and equipment, pharmaceutical products, As a corporation, Nipro has known the constant pursuit of innovative pharmaceutical product packaging impact of globalization that Japan will ideas and technologies. It now materials, and other medical products. confront in the future from an early has more than 20,000 employees My predecessor once said that he stage. This lead to the development and a market cap of approx. would make Nipro become a pleasant of the trinity product lines – medical 170bn yen. What in your opinion working environment for those who devices, pharmaceuticals and glass have been the key ingredients are “motivated” and “willing” to take products as pharmaceutical product in making such a now globally on new challenges. This is our credo packaging – that we operate today. recognized and successful entity? today. Nipro has always been actively This strategic move was indeed a The end-users of products investing and supporting efforts large investment for Nipro, but also a manufactured by Nipro are patients initiated by our employees until we much needed one in order to build the ultimately; however they rarely reach success. This is fundamental capability to offer a pharmaceutical ever demand just pharmaceutical in our pursuit of innovative solutions solution. products, but rather expect to receive and new ideas. I am currently striving Besides innovation and globalization, a systemized, streamlined delivery of to nurture a culture of autonomy our corporate philosophy places a a group of healthcare products. Nipro throughout Nipro by establishing a high level of importance on improving has the capability of offering a wide system where each department is quality of life of our customers, and
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 31 thereby creating accomplishing of our sales bases which have been 10 years ago in Japan. Furthermore, results for the company. We also expanded across the world. For this product will reduce the number strive to ensure that our employees’ instance, I believe our pre-filled of tasks for people who work in the efforts and results, on an individual syringe product is very representative medical field and thus, I think it is and department level, are properly of the integrated properties of the important to deliver this product recognized and rewarded. trinity businesses. In this product, further into the market in order to alleviate the enormous workload of In the pharmaceutical industry, tests which is comprised of glass, rubber that nurses experience in hospitals can be done on animals in a laboratory parts and pharmaceutical product, the glass syringe containing two today. setting at a maximum, and therefore, pharmaceutical products is made into regarding clinical data in human, In fiscal 2015, net income totaled its final product through mixing within, gathering information through clinical ¥12.5 billion, an increase of immediately before use. Also, we offer data from hospitals and feedback 335.8% over the previous fiscal some products that are manufactured from doctors becomes particularly year. The medical related industry as generic only by Nipro. Thus, we important. I believe that it is essential however has faced a challenging take pride in the fact that Nipro is for healthcare companies like us to business environment with a the pharmaceutical company with the focus their research efforts on the downturn in demand due to the ability to commercialize products as a observations and feedbacks that we consumption tax hike. What in system based on the trinity policy. receive. As a result, the majority of your view needs further attention our products are directly derived A product manufactured as a system is in terms of deregulation and or from the needs of our end-users. demanded worldwide and therefore competition laws? we would like to operate based on The company’s financial As most people know, Japan the trinity policy on a global scale. performance has also been experienced the Great East Japan impressive, the share price now The global prefilled syringes Earthquake in March 2011. The sits approximately 80% higher market accounted for $3.9 local medical treatment facilities in than in the year 2012, currently billion in value in 2014, and it is the tsunami-devastated regions had at approximately 1,100 yen per expected to grow with a CAGR suffered a huge damage. We at Nipro share. What do you believe have of 12.9% during 2015-2020. How thought that we, as a healthcare been the key drivers behind such well positioned is Nipro to benefit company, needed to provide excellent growth? from this forecast growth? emergency medical aid supplies as soon as possible through collaboration I think that the most powerful I believe that we should be seeing with local medical experts and growth engine is Nipro’s efforts an increased number of pre-filled cooperation with transport operators targeted towards increasing product syringe products across the market in order to fulfill our responsibility competitiveness and modifying and supplied by us in the near future. to supply medical equipment and developing such products that are We have acquired a medical glass pharmaceutical products. However, at more attractive to the users than manufacturer in Europe in 2012, that time, many permitting processes other companies. aiming to capture a substantial share for means of transportation and of the global market. The widespread The company’s vision is usage of pre-filled syringes will delivery of supplies to the devastated “to become a truly global contribute to taking infection control area and others were legally required comprehensive health care measures and reducing the number the same way as they are at ordinary company.” How are you hoping to of medical accidents, as it grossly times, which sometimes posed expand the trinity business model reduces the number of processes that obstacles to our actions. on a global level? occurs prior to being injected into As a result, from the experience our We plan on continuing our efforts the patient. I mention this specifically company had during March 2011, I towards improving our product because there have been medical believe it is necessary to have special competitiveness within the domestic accidents surrounding syringe usages legislation that is to be applied only market, but also developing products and the injection of pharmaceutical to times of natural disaster from the based on the unique needs of each products contained in vial containers viewpoint that human life should individual market taking advantage into the syringes at clinics until about be respected under the emergency
32 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com situations caused by natural disasters. expanding Nipro’s existing sales countries, as well as releasing Can you take us through the ways network across the US where we publications, attending symposiums in which you try to foster a culture already have our production and – basically all events that allow us to of innovation at Nipro? sales bases as well as introducing the communicate ourselves. Nipro training centers model that we Whenever we receive orders for As we run up to your fourth year already operate in Japan in both the custom-made products from our users as president at Nipro, what is US and Europe. – ranging from doctors, nurses, and your long-term vision for where technicians – we strive to make efforts How are you looking to further you wish to guide the company? to respond to all of them, especially utilize M&A as an appropriate The healthcare industry is said to model for boosting your growth those with fresh needs that we have grow at 7-8% per annum; our goal is prospects over the medium term? never encountered, even though they to grow while consistently beating this are costly challenges. Initially, these The M&A model that I envision number. If we can grow at this pace, newly developed products do not as of now is all for the purpose of our goal of reaching 500 billion yen in generate good sales figures due to their complementing or supplementing the sales revenue by 2020 and one trillion high associated costs, but I believe it is operations that we have at Nipro. yen by 2030 must be met. Our sales possible to innovate the product from I am always enthusiastic in going is increasing steadily – at this pace, we the users’ perspectives and transform forward with an M&A so as long as are almost guaranteed to meet our it into a form that will meet unsatisfied it produces synergy between Nipro 2020 target. As for our 2030 target, demands of end-users and make our and the acquired company. For I believe our fields of operations as products attractive to a large number instance, the acquisition of Infaredx well as activities in global markets still of users. was not only for the purpose of require further expansion. The US is the largest healthcare simply expanding our revenues, but Would you like to leave a final market in the world by some also was undertaken because we message? margin and of course represents understood that the technology that a market with enormous growth Infraredx can offer combined with Currently, it is said that there is potential for Nipro; you recently Nipro’s technology, with the ability to approximately a 10-year discrepancy entered into an agreement with produce new value-added products, between the healthy life years and Infraredx in the US to ideally would most certainly provide us with life expectancy for Japanese people. expand your vascular portfolio great synergy. Nipro is constantly striving towards there. What importance does this extending the healthy life years of How do you aim to communicate deal have on your ambitions in people around the world as we your company’s brand and the US? believe that it is essential to ensure capabilities globally? I believe the US, especially areas like that we offer not only means of The healthcare and pharmaceuticals Silicon Valley, is very competent in treatment to live longer, but go a developing new product technology industry has a multitude of facets, step further by offering the means in a short period of time, and thus especially those based on the various to live a happier and ever-healthier I intend to seek and expand upon professions within the field. Nipro lives. I hope that the readers would collaborative relationships with tries to target all audiences and positively support our will to venture capital organizations in the customers by actively displaying achieve this goal and keep a close US. I see a lot of potential in the our products through exhibitions eye on our much further efforts in US market. I already have plans for across the US, Europe and emerging the future Contact Details in India:
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 33 ±CMYK ±
Up to 25% Up to 50% reduced operating shorter time to market cost through Plant-wide thanks to virtual plan- Integrated Solutions ning and commissioning
Making potentials visible Profitability in production
In the glass & solar industry, factories need to operate at the highest level of productivity in order to remain profitable throughout their entire life cycle. Siemens’ Plant-wide Integrated Solutions contribute noticeably to sustainable business success. Standardized hardware and software based on Totally Integrated Automation reduce engineering effort as well as interfaces. The comprehensive approach of our Plant-wide Integrated Solutions helps you shorten the time to market and improve your plant’s productivity. For more information, call us on 1800 209 1800 or visit us at www.siemens.com/glass
www.siemens.com/glass
± CMYK ± ±CMYK ±
www.aigmf.com World Soda Ash Conference & Workshop ( September 20-22, 2016 ) Lisbon, Portugal
IHS is to host a Soda Ash Conference in Lisbon over the dates September 20-22nd. The theme of the Conference is "Profiting from Change: New Industry Dynamics".
Soda Ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) is a basic raw material used in many important applications including glass and also in the production of detergents and a number of inorganic Up to 25% Up to 50% chemicals. Glass though dominates reduced operating shorter time to market as the most important application, cost through Plant-wide thanks to virtual plan- accounting for half of world demand. Integrated Solutions ning and commissioning However, in India the demand profile The global Soda Ash market started for Soda Ash soared, actual volumes is different to many other regions and off 2016 as being relatively balanced. fell. As such Chinese exports which the primary application is soaps and This quickly changed though at grew by 23% in 2015 have to date detergents which represent about the end of January when Shandong this year seen a decline. In the first 37% of demand. Glass accounts for Making potentials Haihua (Shandong Ocean Chemicals) five months of 2016 exports totalled only about 29% of total demand in abruptly halted production following 782,000 mt; 14% lower than a year India. The long term demand potential facility issues. The incident at earlier. The lowest monthly total visible for Soda Ash in India is significant. The Shandong Haihua had a notable this year was in February. However, Indian market currently accounts for Profitability in production effect on the domestic Soda Ash even though exports are still lagging only 6% of world Soda Ash demand. market as the plant represents about behind the corresponding volumes Today the per capita demand level in 10% of total Soda Ash capacity in in 2015 supply has been restored in India is just 2.7 kilograms per person. China. As well as being an important China. Shandong Haihua has partially This compares to a per capita demand In the glass & solar industry, factories need to operate at the highest local producer, this plant is also a level in a mature market such as West resumed production. In addition, level of productivity in order to remain profitable throughout their key exporter of Soda Ash. Prices some idled capacity has been brought entire life cycle. Europe of 14.6 kilograms per person. for both light and dense Soda Ash back on line and also some new Siemens’ Plant-wide Integrated Solutions contribute noticeably to Meanwhile, there is not enough increased very sharply. The incident capacity has been added. As such sustainable business success. Standardized hardware and software Soda Ash capacity in India to meet also impacted on export availability based on Totally Integrated Automation reduce engineering effort as the domestic needs. Net imports of both domestic and export prices have well as interfaces. and prices. Spot export prices in Soda Ash (exports minus imports) seen a reciprocal decline. The comprehensive approach of our Plant-wide Integrated Solutions February/March increased sharply helps you shorten the time to market and improve your plant’s to India last year totalled 665,000 to $230-250 per mt FOB for dense China has in the past and perhaps productivity. mt. There are a number of projects Soda Ash and $215-230 per mt FOB will always be a volatile and in many For more information, call us on 1800 209 1800 or under review to build new Soda Ash for light Soda Ash. These prices were respects an elusive component of visit us at www.siemens.com/glass capacity in India. However, many considerably higher than levels seen the global Soda Ash picture. As the of these projects have been under at the end of 2015/early 2016 when second largest Soda Ash exporter in www.siemens.com/glass consideration for years but to date spot numbers averaged between the world, availability in China has a have yet to materialize. $190-200 per mt FOB. While prices ripple effects across the rest of the
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 35
± CMYK ± world. The event though that is set to bring the biggest impact on the Topics to be covered at the conference include: global Soda Ash landscape in the not • Global Soda Ash Overview so distant future is the scheduled Marguerite Morrin, Senior Director, Chlor-Alkali/Soda Ash, IHS Chemical addition of 3 million mt of Soda Ash • Status of Soda Ash Expansions in Turkey capacity in Turkey in 2017-18. This Sinan Solaklar, Sales & Marketing Director, ETI Soda new capacity will be based on low • Soda Ash Outlook for China cost natural trona based production. Chaoran Ding, President, China Soda Industry Association The proximity of this new low cost • Outlook for Urea and Ammonium Chloride in China and Impact capacity, in Northern Turkey, to on Soda Ash Europe, is an obvious threat for Ryan Monis, Consultant, IHS Chemical synthetic producers in the region. • Global Outlook for Coal and Natural Gas Some European plants which are very Chris Holmes, MD, Global Gas and LNG Consulting, IHS Energy modern and efficient, with access to low cost energy and/or raw materials • Outlook for Dry Bulk and Container Shipping Mario Moreno, Lead Economist, IHS Maritime and Trade will likely weather the storm. Some plants in Europe will though be at risk. • Novacap, Expansion in Sodium Bicarbonate in Asia Since 2008, a total of almost 3 million Raymond Sinnah, Vice President, Novacap Group mt of synthetic capacity has been • India Soda Ash Market closed outside of China: 1.9 million Shohab Rais, Head, Sales and Marketing, Tata Chemicals mt in Europe. Even recently Solvay • Soda Ash Market Balance in Russia and CIS Region idled a small synthetic plant in Egypt. Andrey Alabin, General Manager, Bashkhim Trade House The Soda Ash landscape as we know • Synthetic Soda Ash Market Overview is perhaps set to change forever. Senior Official, Ciech Please join IHS in Lisbon over • China — Plant Technology and Design September 20-22nd. The event will Mingqiu Ren, GM, Dalian Dahua Engineering Design Co., Ltd. offer deep analysis from industry • The Outlook for Container Glass and IHS experts on Soda Ash Fabrice Rivet, Technical Director, FEVE developments and developments • Growth Prospects for Flat Glass in key allied sectors. It is expected Speaker, TBC to draw close to 200 attendees • Coke or Anthracite? Quality, Commercial and Logistical worldwide for discussion and non- Challenges stop networking opportunities on Jacek Roek, Sales and Marketing Director, PHU Weglohut SJ September 21-22th. The conference • EU ETS (Emissions Trading System) and Consequences on Soda will be preceded by a full-day Ash Market Soda Ash Training Workshop on Speaker, TBC September 20th
Information on other speakers will be made public shortly. For further information, please visit the Soda Ash Business Outlook website at www.ihs.com/WSA2016 If you would like further information or have any questions about this conference, please contact: Lynn Urban Phone:+1 3033972801 Email: [email protected]
36 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 [email protected] | www.umdaengg.com
Mr. M.D. Farooq (Founder)
Manufacturer Of Energy Efficient Lehrs
Mr. M.D. Farooq, the founder of Umda Enginering, brings to the table more than 35 years of expertise in the manufac- turing industry. Starting from humble beginnings, today more than 350 of Mr. Farooq’s Lehr machines are successfully installed around the world.
Mr. Farooq is best recognised as one of the co-founders of TNF Engineering, a company known across the industry as not only the leading manufacturers of Metallic Wire Conveyor and Lehr belts but also of Glass Plant Equipment. This mantle of superior performance and expertise has now been passed on to Umda Enginering. Belts A y e m a 2 0 1
Office & Works Plot No. A – 581, TTC Industrial Area, MIDC Mahape, Navi Mumbai – 400 710. MS. India. Tel. 022-2778 20 41/42, Fax : 022-2778 13 38 www.aigmf.com Efficient Workflow: Automation and Digitisation Reduce Production and Handling Costs
Cost cutting, it is often said, is difficult in glass production and processing as this sector is characterised by manual processes. At the forthcoming glasstec 2016, however, the industry will prove the opposite: further savings are to be expected through innovative approaches for automation, smart networking of production machines and value-creation stages as well as through new handling devices. This means that the glass industry should be well geared up for international competition. High speed: B’SPEED by Bystronic glass is a quick line for manufacturing insulating glass units, capable of producing triple and quadruple-glazing units in shortest cycle times. The glass industry is under massive Photo: Bystronic glass pressure. On the one hand, globalisation enables producers, not have a foothold abroad and are industry can ward off cheap imports processors and suppliers of dependent on the German market. by undertaking continued quality manufacturing technology to gain a This is the case with many insulating efforts,” says Johann Overath, General global foothold and serve international glass producers whose business is Manager of the Federal Association markets. On the other hand, in largely regional in the vicinity of their of the German Glass Industry the wake of globalisation price- manufacturing sites. They not only (Bundesverband Glasindustrie e.V.). aggressive Chinese companies are have to give China and low-price Quality made in Germany, he adds, heading to Europe with inexpensive competitors from Eastern Europe continues to be in demand especially products to conquer local markets. as good as they get in technical for highly specialised applications. In photovoltaics, as an important terms and pricewise, they also face At the same time, duties on imports customer of flat glass, the Chinese dwindling demand on the domestic from non-EU states could also be have already taken the lead in this cut- market. After all, the impact of this suitable instruments for individual throat competition – only very few price battle is also seen at the end products in order to counter cheap German producers of solar modules of the value chain where window imports. The big questions is: how have survived the price war with makers are forced out of business can technology leadership and quality Asian competitors. The technology ever more often because they can no stand their ground in the face of rising leadership of the German solar longer cover their costs. cost pressure? industry is no longer a given. Nevertheless, experts are convinced Things are also likely to become that the German glass industry will Still room for innovations difficult for the glass industry – be able to sustain its technology especially for enterprises that do leadership long-term. “The glass The good news is: the innovation
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 39 by making machines interfaces and software for linking and work pieces and data evaluation rather than new communicate machinery. The true challenge for directly with companies is to reflect on what they each other via want to achieve with Industry 4.0 special interfaces, beforehand, and how they have to products could adjust their processes accordingly. be manufactured How are the individual value creation more individually, stages and production partners to faster and at a be linked with each other?” asks lower price, says Schleupner. Linus Schleupner, Professor of Intelligence rather than new machines Economics at the Rhenish University With their cooperation French of Applied Sciences machinery producer Tecauma and in Cologne. German software supplier A+W have “Digitisation already suggested that intelligence enables quantum can also benefit the end of the value leaps in production creation chain – window making. So efficiency.” And not far, automatic glazing has required a only there: thanks to so-called glass buffer into which the smart networking individual sheets were introduced with customer manually for each job after being insights and picked from the insulating glass line. market intelligence Now the two companies have jointly companies can developed a concept that does without Time saving: the thermoplastic spacer TPS is automatically applied capture shoppers’ glass buffers and permits glazing via to the glass right from a drum as part of glazing unit production. robots right from the transport rack. The spacer width can be altered during operation without behaviour precisely any downtimes. Separate manufacturing processes for sawing, and optimise their This was made possible by the special bending, connection, filling and butyl coating of spacer frames are product ranges A+W Rack Optimizer software. With eliminated. accordingly. the help of this software the insulating Photo: Bystronic glass The result, he glass producer’s output is controlled and cost-cutting potential in glass explains, are portfolios that are by the window maker’s specifications: production and handling is far from perfectly geared to customer needs. the glazing units can be packaged being fully exploited. Many steps in Furthermore, the close networking at the end of the line in exactly the production and processing such as with customers as well as with order specified by the window sorting sheets after insulating glass upstream and downstream stages of maker – which means manual sorting production are still manual today. This production could help handling jobs into the interim buffer is rendered slows down material flows and costs faster. “Time optimisation is a huge superfluous. time. Appropriate automation as well asset and means a crucial competitive The packaging robot at the end of as integration and smart networking edge,” adds Schleupner. the line also receives the data from of processes could achieve a more He admits that Industry 4.0 has the A+W Rack Optimizer via an balanced production flow at a higher caused some confusion in medium- interface. It places the panes on speed – thereby saving costs. sized businesses because there the transport rack in the reverse In this context Industry 4.0, i.e. the is uncertainty as to the costs picking order of the window maker. digital networking of the individual associated with implementation. The glazing robot of the glazing unit value chain stages starting with But the economic expert reassures producer is also linked with the production, could provide an that the investment for Industry 4.0 insulating line and the packaging important approach. The opportunity: is manageable. “It primarily takes robot of the insulating manufacturer.
40 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com
It permanently exchanges production Düsseldorf from data with the other machines via the September 20–23, interface. In the event of unforeseen 2016 the expert changes in the job order, caused by audience can glass breakage or short-term job form a concrete changes, for example, the machines picture of what adapt to the new requirements in Lisec has in store a coordinated manner. This means for 4.0. “We will automatic production continues exhibit integrated without interruptions and that complete solutions efficiency increases. This example for optimising shows: the real drivers of Industry production and 4.0 are intelligent interfaces between will present our manufacturer and client rather than take on Industry novel machines. 4.0 for flat glass Everything under control: Lisec’s glass finishing lines are among the Other leading glass industry players processors.” most efficient in the industry. All process steps can easily be tracked such as Lisec from Austria, a solutions The experts at and controlled on a special touch screen – key to precision and efficiency. provider for flat glass processing and Bystronic glass, Photo: Lisec finishing, also want to focus more on suppliers of digitisation. “Industry 4.0 makes for manufacturing the foundation for applying the 4.0 transparent and efficient production equipment and complete insulating strategy to further developments processes in the glass processing and glass lines, see similar advantages in in flat glass processing, says General finishing industries,” says Hannes Pils, digitisation. “As a machine builder Manager Manfred Vollbracht, and adds Business Unit Manager at Software we do see opportunities in Industry that customer-oriented networking Lisec. The consistent networking 4.0,” says Bystronic Product Manager and communication potential to from quote generation to delivery Tobias Neff and adds that today’s glass complete the 4.0 strategy rank high optimises production processes and production already embraces some in Hegla’s current development enables gapless product tracking 4.0 elements. He explains that work projects. pieces are triggered by individual data plus consistent quality reporting, Vollbracht also points out that that permit tracking all the way from which can double as quality check for automation and digitisation in glass manufacturing to delivery and even specific jobs. finishing are not always the panacea confirm a “successful production Lisec sees another positive effect for higher efficiency. Automatic edge complete” to customers. In future, of 4.0: learning and self-optimising deletion and system-controlled PVB he goes on to explain, Bystronic lines production machines and lines could trimming tools were pioneering could be equipped with additional in future decide autonomously about solutions when introduced to software that allows customers to the tools and machine settings to be specify the precise sorting order for the market, he says. Before their used thereby increasing efficiency. sheets. “The link between the line introduction the production process And last but not least, permanent and window makers is a key aspect had to be interrupted so that and consistent plant monitoring for us,” remarks Neff. operators could perform these jobs by means of built-in sensors and manually – while now these process assistance systems enables predictive Robots do not always steps are in-line, forming part of and preventive maintenance and help glass cutting. “The success of these repair. These in turn help to prevent Bystronic’s cooperation partner solutions can also be attributed to unplanned stoppages thereby Hegla, a solutions provider for flat the fact that no elaborate, multi-axis increasing plant availability. “Even glass production, has also made robots had to be installed for this but service jobs and the required spare automation the highest priority for the existing controls, drive technology parts can be planned and organised some time now. The sorting system and sensors of the cutting system in an automated way,” rejoices Sortjet and the dynamic residual plate could be used,” explains Vollbracht. Pils. At glasstec 2016 to be held in storage Remaster have already laid This means integration and the
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 41 efficient use of existing equipment would have thought of five to six deliver more benefits than additional years ago in terms of load-bearing machinery. capacity and functions built into And what about innovations for the devices.” glass handling devices? Is there also At glasstec 2016 in Düsseldorf, still room for improvement when it the world’s biggest and most comes to vacuum lifters, glass tongs international trade fair in the and the like? Holger Schadwinkel glass sector, companies can take of Wirth, a company specialising in a closer look at the innovations of solutions for industrial construction all of these machinery producers and material handling, explains that and equipment providers and the potential for innovations in lifting find out about the decisive trends devices for internal applications is from September 20–23, 2016. low. “By using compressed air to Smart manufacturing technologies generate a vacuum and a faster air will not only be demonstrated supply for suction devices we already hands-on by the exhibitors but achieve very short cycle times also discussed by experts at the today.” This is unlike the devices technical symposium of the special for construction site applications. show “glass technology live” held The demands made in architecture on September 21, 2016 under the are rising: ever bigger, ever heavier, auspices of VDMA’s Forum Glass ever more convex, concave and even How handle this? Many glass production Technology. The expert audience and finishing processes still require manuel 3D curved sheets are in demand, is sure to see: there is still plenty intervention today. Automation and Schadwinkel reports and adds: “This digitisation can ease and speed up this work. of room for innovations in the is why we now build devices nobody Photo: Messe Düsseldorf glass sector
42 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 TECHNOLOGY TOPICS > quality control FEA studies of impact loads on NNPB refillable bottles Dr Wenke Hu, William G Slusser and Gary Smay discuss impact load considerations when using NNPB forming technology for refillable beer bottles.
In a previous study, the internal analysis (FEA), utilising an Autodesk the carbonation level of typical beers, as established by pressure and vertical load mechanical simulation programme(2, 3). worldwide specifications. performance of refillable bottles In these studies, the physical A 3D symmetrical model was created using was evaluated through computer dimensions of the bottles were Solidworks for each of the four glass container designs. stress analysis. The evaluation maintained constant throughout the The outer surface profile was created from information compared the same bottle designs analyses. This was done to avoid that was provided on technical drawings of these four made by both the narrow neck dimensional changes that would add specific bottles. The glass weights shown in table 2 press and blow (NNPB) process complexity to the stress analysis. were calculated on a theoretical basis starting from the and the blow and blow process It is understood that keeping the minimum thicknesses, while simultaneously considering using two different approaches(1): dimensions constant will affect the the max-to-min thickness ratios for each of the two (a) The minimum thicknesses were overflow capacities. For the current forming processes, along with the two approaches being maintained constant, while the bottle designs, these were found to evaluated in this study. maximum and average thicknesses vary by about 3%. While this volume Impact analysis: For any given impact, three stress were allowed to fluctuate based on variation would have to be taken modes are generated as shown in figure 2: (a) The contact typical maximum to minimum (max- into account in actual commercial mode on the outside glass surface at the impact site; (b) to-min) thickness ratios for the NNPB practice, it did not significantly alter the flexure mode on the inside surface, directly opposite of and the B/B processes; and (b) the the results of the stress analyses. the impact site; and (c) the hinge mode that occurs on the average thicknesses were maintained outside surface at a distance away from the impact site(4). constant, while the minimum and CONTAINER FINITE The prediction of these stresses in a container maximum thicknesses were allowed ELEMENT ANALYSIS subjected to an impact load is difficult due to the to fluctuate, based on typical max- Thickness distributions and dynamic nature of impact. Fully dynamic analysis requires to-min thickness ratios for the NNPB computer modeling: The max-to- substantial computational modeling and time. Alternatively, and the B/B processes. min thickness ratios that were used for a low speed impact of just metres per second In the present study, the in this study for the NNPB and B/B (velocities typically encountered by glass containers), a discussion is extended to include processes are shown in table 1. quasi-static approach can be accurately used to evaluate impact forces. The same approach These values are based on numerous the impact stresses, since the duration of an impact is from the previous study was used for measurements of bottles made by long in comparison to the time period of the fundamental four different beer bottle sizes and the B/B and NNPB processes in frequencies(2). designs (330ml, 500ml, 650ml and unrelated studies. The minimum A methodology has been developed that permits the 750ml), as shown in figure 1. The thickness values for refillable beer prediction of impact stresses by combining finite element impact stress indices of each design bottles were chosen based on the analysis with an impact index concept(2). The impact index were obtained through finite element body diameter of the container and can be written as
Figure 1: 3D Solidworks model for four different bottle sizes. The green coloured region represents the Figure 2: Tensile stresses developed during impact. thickness distribution.
Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 96 11/07/2016 10:40 TECHNOLOGY TOPICS > quality control
(1)
where σ is the stress, V is the impact velocity and F is the peak force generated during the impact. While σ/F can be
obtained directly from finite element analysis, the force Table 1: Typical maximum to minimum thickness ratios for the NNPB and the B/B processes. index F/V can be written as follows(2,5):
(2)
where m is the effective mass and k is the contact stiffness. These values are dependent on the centre of gravity, radius of gyration, bottle dimensions and bottle weight and must be determined for each unique bottle design being considered(5). Combining equations (1) and (2) results in: Table 2: Calculated glass weights. (3)
surface, directly opposite of the occurred in the bearing surface The use of equation (3) results in an impact stress per impact point and the in-plane hinge region. The stresses in each of these unit velocity index that can be used to evaluate container stress occurred on the outside key regions were obtained for each impact performance in a manner similar to the way in surface at the same height as the of the four designs and for both which an internal pressure stress index is currently used(2). impact point. The maximum hinge manufacturing processes. In this study, the unit impulse force in the FEA stress usually occurred in the upper analyses was applied directly to the minimum thickness shoulder region for the shoulder RESULTS AND DISCUSSION location at the shoulder and heel contact of the subject impact, while the maximum hinge The results from the evaluations bottles. The stresses generated in the model for key stress usually occurred in the lower of the four different bottles regions (such as the contact point, flexure region, in-plane most heel region, below the contact produced the same general trends. hinge region and shoulder and heel hinge regions) were point for the heel impact. Moreover, Consequently, for simplicity of the calculated. The flexure stress occurred on the inside bearing surface hinge stresses discussion, only the results from the
List of Advertisers
AGI glaspac (An SBU of HSIL Ltd.)...... 52 Mascot Engineering Company...... Back Cover
Empire Industries Ltd.- Vitrum Glass...... 47 Nipro PharmaPackaging India Pvt. Ltd...... Extra Folded Front Cover
glasspex INDIA 2017...... 10 Port of Duqm Company SAOC...... 2
glasspro INDIA 2017...... 11 R.D. Ashar Pvt. Ltd...... 42
glasstec 2016 ...... 1 Siemens...... 34
Heye International...... 17 Umda Enginering...... 38
Indian Green Building Congress 2016...... 12 UP Sales (Glass Plant's Scrap Trader)...... 51 Lubitech Enterprises...... 37
44 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 97 11/07/2016 10:40 TECHNOLOGY TOPICS > quality control
of the NNPB process and the B/B process were identical, as shown in table 2. This was due to the higher minimum glass thicknesses from the NNPB process being essentially offset by the lower maximum glass thickness for the same process. As shown in table 4, the impact stress indices for the NNPB bottles were consistently 4% to 14% lower, compared to the bottles made by the B/B process. These stress index reductions were due to the higher minimum thicknesses achieved with the NNPB process, which is the result of less thickness variation and improved glass distribution. It should be noted that the contact stiffness increases with the NNPB process due to less bending deformation during the impact associated with the higher minimum thickness. Thus, bottles made by the NNPB process in these considerations of nearly equal bottle weight, would exhibit significantly lower flexure and hinge stresses compared to bottles made by the B/B process. The exception would be the contact stresses, which are associated with the stiffness of the impact site.
Table 3: Impact load stress indices for 330ml bottle with identical minimum thickness. CONCLUSION In this study, both identical minimum thicknesses and analyses of the 330ml capacity bottle and heel contact impact sites, were identical average thicknesses for NNPB and B/B processes will be presented here. consistently 1% to 6% higher for were analysed for shoulder and heel impacts through finite Approach No 1 - Identical bottles made by the NNPB process element analysis. It was concluded that: minimum thicknesses: With compared to the B/B process. This • When minimum thicknesses were maintained identical minimum thicknesses, increase for the hinge stress is due to at the same value, bottle weight can be reduced the resulting glass weights were the slightly lower glass thicknesses and approximately 14% through the use of the NNPB approximately 14% lighter for bottles consequently, more glass compliance process. This weight reduction can be achieved with made by the NNPB process than for in the hinge regions of the bottles. only small increases in the impact stress indices. bottles made by the B/B process, Lack of structural reinforcement also • When the average thicknesses are held at the same as shown in table 2. This weight allows for more flexibility at the point value, impact flexure and hinge stress indices can be reduction was expected, since the of impact and consequently, slightly significantly decreased through the use of the NNPB typical max-to-min thickness ratios increased flexure stress. The contact process while the bottle weight remains unchanged. were less for the NNPB process stiffness was similar for bottles from Glass stiffness and the resulting contact stresses will compared to the B/B process. the two processes, since the impacts be somewhat greater for bottles made by the NNPB Consequently, bottles made by the were directed at the same minimum process and these values would have to be carefully NNPB process have greater glass thicknesses and contact stress is very considered in making any decisions relative to the use thickness uniformity and therefore, localised. of the NNPB process. less overall weight when the Approach No 2 - Identical Further discussions are planned to include the strength minimum thickness is fixed. average thickness: When the of glass and failure criteria considerations, in order to As shown in table 3, the flexure average glass thickness was determine ultimately the effects of the NNPB process on and various hinge impact stress maintained constant, the calculated refillable bottle performance. These discussions will be indices, for both shoulder contact bottle weight resulting from the use reported in the third and final paper in this series.
REFERENCES 1. W Hu, W G Slusser, P de Haan and G Smay, Using NNPB forming technology for refillable beer bottles, Glass Worldwide, 60, 54-56, 2015. 2. M W Davis, Effect of Lighweighting on the Impact Performance of Glass Containers: Further Discussions, Glass Technology, 34 (4), 163- 165, 1993. 3. M W Davis and A R Shott, Optimum Thickness Distribution for Lightweight Glass Containers, Glass, June 221-222, 1995. 4. R E Mould, The behavior of glass containers under impact. J Am Ceram Soc 35 (9), 230-236, 1952. 5. W G Slusser and S W Spence, Filling line impact measurement. Glass Worldwide, 62, 104-107, 2015.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Dr Wenke Hu is Senior Scientist, William G Slusser is Manager Research Services and Gary Smay is Senior Scientist (retired) at American Glass Research
FURTHER INFORMATION: American Glass Research, Butler, Pennsylvania, USA tel: +1 724 482 2163 email: [email protected] web: www.americanglassresearch.com Table 4: Impact load stress indices for 330ml bottle with identical average thickness.
Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 98 11/07/2016 10:40 ASSOCIATIONS > Glass for Europe
Energy efficient renovation boost for added-value glazing The European Union is committed to reducing emissions from houses and office buildings by 90% by 2050. This ambitious goal can be achieved only through passive housing technologies in new buildings and refurbishing old buildings to improve energy efficiency. This means huge opportunities for glass!
Supporting building renovation advocating for more renovation and and cooling system, coupled with more renewables. is key to boost the market stricter energy efficient requirements To Glass for Europe, this would be a mistake: Only for energy efficiency glass for buildings. once a building is energy-efficient is it appropriate to technologies. Yet, current political consider the incremental benefits of renewable energy tools have demonstrated to SUPPORTING RENOVATION technologies. This a simple and logical principle, also be toothless at the point that PROJECTS known as the ‘Trias Energetica’ model. It is not only a the renovation rate stalls at The EPBD can influence the rate of matter of energy performance and improved comfort, around 1% per year; a missed building renovation in several ways, applying this model will make EU buildings resilient opportunity to improve the energy for example, by providing a stable to a more dynamic and inter-connected energy market. performance of EU buildings and framework for financing instruments push the market uptake of added- and making renovation simpler for MAXIMISE ENERGY SAVINGS value glazing solutions. Yes, the final consumers. Two facts: First, about 85% of glazed areas in picture is not gloomy but all Long-term stability and Europe’s buildings are equipped with inefficient hope is not lost. predictability are crucial for investors. glazing; second, windows and glass facades are too The review of two pieces of In order to support renovation, often ill-treated in national building codes. As a result, EU legislation foreseen by the financial mechanism needs to be windows keep on being considered as the weakest end of the year could provide a easy and should orient the consumer part of the building envelope, while they could be net chance to improve the current toward the highest energy efficiency contributors of energy. situation and ensure a profitable standards. Unfortunately, this is not The revision of the EPBD must be used to reverse future for the European glass and always the case. pitfalls identified in building codes and incorporate glazing industries. These are the Cost-optimal renovations a major plan for the upgrade of Europe’s windows. Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) correspond too often to the minimum Member States should be encouraged to put in place and the Energy Performance performance standards, or better effective measures for the phasing out of single of Buildings Directive (EPBD). to say, to the cheapest solution, glazed and early uncoated double-glazed windows. For The EED, for example, requires which is rarely the most energy- example, when a residential dwelling that is equipped Member States to set up efficient one. Building owners willing with inefficient glazing changes ownership, the new strategies to foster investments to renovate their property should owner could be obliged to retrofit windows within a in the renovation of residential be guided and accompanied in period of two years. Although such a measure could and commercial buildings, while their choices; technically grounded be viewed as overly prescriptive, similar measures the EPBD obliges Member States recommendations for gradual already exist in several Member States for other to define energy performance energy efficiency improvements like building components (eg boilers) and there is no requirements for buildings and window upgrades should be made reason why this could not be extended to windows. building elements (ie windows) available for example in the Energy Glass for Europe has drafted a position paper and when buildings undergo Performance Certificates. an infographic to illustrate how a revised EPBD could renovation or components are put Europe back on the energy efficiency track: www. replaced. Both directives could REDUCE FINAL ENERGY glassforeurope.com. Spreading this message in the have a major impact on the DEMAND FIRST right political forum is going to be a priority of Glass glazing market and so now is Heating and cooling account for for Europe in the coming months. It is hoped to do the time to set right condition 80% of energy consumption in this in concert with national partners of the building for advanced glazing. Glass Europe. This is due mainly to the fact glass and glazing industry. Together, it is hoped to for Europe is already at work that European buildings are poorly make a stronger difference for the business and the insulated. Although improving the building glass sector as a whole. insulation of the building shell is the Glass Worldwide most logical way to increase the is the preferred journal of energy performance of a building, GLASS FOR EUROPE some argue that it may be enough to improve the efficiency of the heating
Glass for Europe, Brussels, Belgium. email: [email protected] web: www.glassforeurope.com
Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF
GW66 Jul-Aug 2016.indd 110 11/07/2016 10:38
About The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation
The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation was founded in 1944. The Federation is made up of five Regional Associations viz. Eastern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (EIGMA)-Kolkata Northern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (NIGMA)-Haryana South India Glass Manufacturers' Association (SIGMA)-Hyderabad Uttar Pradesh Glass Manufacturers' Syndicate (UPGMS)-Firozabad and Western India Glass Manufacturers' Association (WIGMA)-Mumbai The Federation was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 (No. 1 of 1956) as a Limited Company on 15-6-1970. The main aims & objectives of the Federation are:- To encourage, promote and develop the manufacture of glass articles of all kinds and to safeguard and protect the interests of glass industry and glassware business in India. To form a common link amongst Glass Manufacturers' in India and thus develop a spirit of mutual help and co- operation with one another. To promote the study and research in Glass Technology. To consider all matters relating to the manufacture and marketing of glass articles in India and the question of export and import thereof. To devise ways and means for securing necessary supply of raw materials required for the manufacture of glass articles at comparatively lower prices and thus to decrease the cost of production and increase the national wealth. To collect necessary information and data and propagate it for the benefit of Glass Industry and trade in India. To make representations whenever necessary to the Union Government or any unit of the Union of India for the removal of difficulties that might hamper the trade of glass articles or for grant of special facilities for the Glass Industry. To draw Government or public attention to the difficulties in the way of Glass Industry and to solve other problems confronting it and to solicit their help and support through concerted action. To organise a united front on behalf of all glass manufacturers and thus strive to gain all those advantages which may not be possible through individual effort. All those engaged in the manufacture of glass and glass articles are enrolled as Ordinary Members of the AIGMF and those associated with the Glass Industry are enrolled as Affiliate Members of the Federation. Almost all glass manufacturers including many in the small scale sector are ‘Ordinary’ members of the Federation. Articles of Association of the AIGMF were amended in September 1992 to enroll foreign companies as Affiliate Members of the Federation ■
48 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com
Welcomes New Members S. No. Company Name and Address Products/Services 1 Mr. Prashant G Wadnerkar Paints & Solutions for Mirror, Business Director – Mirror Lacquered Glass Valspar (India) Coatings Corporation Private Limited 66 B & 67, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Hosur Road, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore – 560 099 Tel: +91 80 3911 2803, Fax: +91 80 2783 2814, M: +91 95913 23999 E-mail: [email protected] Website. www.valsparglobal.com 2 Mr. Aman Gupta Manufacturers of Refractory Operations Head Materials for Glass Industry North East Sillimanite 1-C, Vinayak Apartment Farm Gate, Khanapara, Guwahati (Assam) – 781 022 Tel: +91 361-2209964/65, M: +91 9864072914 E-mail: [email protected] Membership of the Federation Members of the Federation are classified into two categories; manufacturers of primary glass articles are enrolled as Ordinary Members of the Federation and suppliers to glass industry viz., suppliers of machinery, raw materials, consultants and others connected with glass industry are enrolled as Affiliate Members. Foreign Companies supplying machinery etc., to glass industry are also enrolled as Affiliate Members. membership forms can be downloaded from http://www.aigmf.com/membership.php Members of the Federation are enrolled on the recommendation of Zonal Associations viz.: yy Eastern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (EIGMA) yy Northern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (NIGMA) yy South India Glass Manufacturers' Association (SIGMA) yy Uttar Pradesh Glass Manufacturers' Syndicate (UPGMS) yy Western India Glass Manufacturers' Association (WIGMA) Admission Fee / Annual Subscription Ordinary Members: -- Admission fee ` 5000/- -- Annual subscription: Single Unit: ` 25,000 + Service Tax as applicable -- More than one Unit: ` 1,00,000 + Service Tax as applicable Affiliate Members: -- Admission fee ` 5000/- -- Annual subscription: ` 10,000 + Service Tax as applicable -- Applicants for enrollment for a period of five years may pay a consolidated amount of ` 45,000 (including admission fee) + Service Tax as applicable Affiliate Members from countries other than India: -- Admission fee US $ 200 -- Annual subscription: US $ 400 + Service Tax as applicable -- Applicants for enrollment for a period of five years may pay a consolidated amount of US $ 1500 (including admission fee) + Service Tax as applicable ■
Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 49 lkSj 'kfDr
lkSj mQtkZ lw;Z ls izkIRk 'kfDr dks dgrs gSaA bl ÅtkZ dks mQ"ek ;k fon~;qr esa cnydj vU; iz;ksxksa esa yk;k tkrk gSA ml :i dks gh lkSj mQtkZ dgrs gSaA ?kjksa] dkjksa vkSj ok;q;kuksa esa lkSj mQtkZ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA mQtkZ dk ;g :i LoPN vkSj iznw"k.k jfgr gksrk gSA lw;Z ls mQtkZ izkIRk dj mls iz;ksx djus ds fy, lksyj iSuyksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA lksyj iSuyksa esa lksyj lsy gksrs gSa tks lw;Z dks mQtkZ dks iz;ksx djus yk;d cukrs gSaA ;g dbZ rjg ds gksrs gSaA tSls ikuh xeZ djus okys lksyj iSuy] fctyh igqapkus okys lksyj iSuyksa ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA
fof/;k¡ tkrh gS vkSj mlls vyx ugha dh tk ldrhA 4- nwljh 'khV yas vkSj mls Hkh rkj ls tksM+ lkSj mQtkZ dks nks rjhdksa ls iz;ksx gsrq cnyk lw;Z dh jks'kuh ls ,d ;k nks ?kaVs esa ;g nsaA tkrk gSA iwjh rjg pktZ gks tkrh gSA lkSj cSVjh esa yxs 5- ,d IykfLVd cksry yas vkSj mls chp ls lsy izdk'k dks lekfgr dj v/Zpkydksa ds dkV nas vc bldh ryh esa ued vkSj lkSj rkih; fof/ (lksyj FkeZy) % blls bysDVªkWu dks /krq ds lkFk fØ;k djus dks ikuh dk ?kksy cuk yasA lw;Z dh mQtkZ ls gok ;k rjy dks xeZ fd;k izsfjr djrk gSA ,d ckj ;g fØ;k gksus ds 6- vc xeZ dh gq, rkEcs dh 'khV dks bl tkrk gSA bl fof/ dk iz;ksx ?kjsyw dk;ksZa esa ckn bysDVªkWu esa mifLFkr mQtkZ ;k rks cSVjh ?kksy esa Mkyas exj è;ku jgs fd fliQZ fd;k tkrk gSA esa HkaMkj gks tkrh gS ;k fiQj lh/s iz;ksx esa 'khV gh ikuh dks Nq, u dh rkjA izdk'kfon~;qr fof/ (iQksVksbysfDVªd)% vkrh gSA mQtkZ ds HkaMkj.k gksus ds ckn lkSj 7- mYVh fn'kk esa nwljh 'khV Hkh Mky nasA bl fof/ esa lkSj mQtkZ dks fctyh esa cnyus cSVjh vius fuf'pr le; ij fMLpktZ gksrh vkidk lksyj lsy rS;kj gks x;kA ds fy, iQksVksoksYVsd lsyksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;s midj.k esa yxs gq, Lopkfyr rjhds TIPS: gSA iQksVksoksYVsd lsy dk j[kj[kko vis{kkd`r ls iqu% pkyw gksrh gS] ;k mls dksbZ O;fDr 1- ?kksy cukus ds fy, ued dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA bl fof/ ds fy;s gh lkSj lsy vkWu djrk gSA lkSj lsy dks vki ?kj esa Hkh djsaA cuk;s tkrs gSaA cuk ldrs gSa ge vkidks ,d lk/kj.k lk 2- lsy dks vPNh /wi esa j[ksa tSls ikuh lksyj lsy cukus ds ckjs esa crk,sxsa ;g ek=k dqN o"kZ iwoZ rd lkSj mQtkZ dk iz;ksx xeZ gksus yxsxk vkidk lsy dke djus ,d eksMy gS ftlls vki lkSj mQtkZ ds ckjs yxsxkA iqjkus 50 Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 www.aigmf.com Kanch | Vol. 4 | No. 1 | April-June 2016 51 Regd. No. R.N. DELBIL/2013/51338 Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation, 812 New Delhi House, 27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi – 110001, INDIA | [email protected]