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Chfipter VII Chfipter VII CCKORRS'' KIRIv^RY H!34I>En BY 4 .J , JOHN (Mar 1962 to Stp 1953) On aoeount of seranble for Iradsr^ip «nd group rivalri«8 Inside the Congretis Party, several ministries toppled doKn betve«in 1948 ond 1952. Many of the proffineot lealers left this rarty and Joined some other parties, According to S.C, Joseph, "On the eve of the 1981»SS elections, the Congress Party had to face the sad speetaele of dividing its o%« leadership, Influence and vote betveen the Socialist Party (iSP) and the Tanilnad C!onrress (TTHC) apart from ttie strong opposition 1 of all the leftist parties in the state**. The list of candidates sponsored hy this party vas finalised after interference by the Con;?rj«>t Kigh Coarand, and after iMigthy negotiations with lea'iers of sone of the commmel organlKationa, The result of the 1962 General Klection revealed that the Congress vas no more In a coia<*ortable Bajority, bat had landed itself in a precarious position. The struggle for leader^ip Inside tije Congress vhidi resulted In frequent change of i!iln5 stries, the Inability -161- of this party to solve the pressing economic ppoblema of the stnte vh«n it vas in power* and finally the deeend for llnguistle provinces« crated diaotle conditions in t^e state politics. The Oeneml Election of 1982 gave rise to a number of nerties. The party-posltlon in the legislature after th«» elections in 1952 vasi Congrpss 44, CoBT-unist 95, Socialist Party 11, r?HC 8 , RSP 6 , KSP 3, Cochin Party 1, Independent CoBminist Independent 5, and ^lo-Indian nominate 1* Alliance with the TTWC to fora Gcvemnept Ka the Conf^ress Party did not possess an absolute najority, it made alliance with the T7RC and a government was formed under the leadership of 4«J, John. V^ile the THIC followed Congress Ideology, it deaanded separation of Tamil*sper;king ares from Travaneore for merging with the neighbouring Mndrai State and claimed recognition as a separate Pradesh Con ress which the Congress Party in the state could not accept. Originally none of the ■embers of the TIVC was Included in the Ministry, but on account of pressure from this group, one of its members, Mr, Ghidamberenatha Nadar, was later included in the Ministry. -168. SBBg&4Sii&.g£gaaiLl«^,.a><^ Th9 united front of leftists fomed try the Conr'unlst Party, the HSP, and th© KSP for the ©lections In 1962, continued in the legislature. The HFL ^ s the largest Dlnorlty party and Its leader Kr« T,V« Thomas (CoQ?nunlst) MBS d<?slgnated as Leader of the Opposition. The PSP* under the leedersMp of Mr, Thanu F ilialt also functioned as an oprositicw) party in the Asseiably. > aix.0n t t>y the CBi?eilt5 on P n t ia s on the F irst Oey Thr first session after the General Election oonrflBeed on Mardi 94, 1 ^ 8 . Isnaedlately nis H l ^ e s s the RajapramtdEh entered the chamber to address the newly elected assetsbly, the Leader of the opposition along with aenbern of the walked out of the ftsseably protesting against the retention of the office of Rajapranulth, which according to thea vas cf feudalism. On the sane day, eieiBbers of the UFL stsged another valk*out %^lle moving a condolence resolution on the deolse of King George VI. Mr, T .V , Thcnas, Leader of the Opposition« walked out saying that the discussions would perpetuate the old relation with thf> B r it l ^ enplre. The f^cialist Party did not participate In this deoonstration. -163. Oovemnpnt Policy The policy of the Govf'rnoMtit was annotmeei to the Housr^ by the Hojapraraikh 1a his address^ firstly on March 24, 1962 and finally on February 26, ld63« On both these occasions he enphasieed the economic problens facing the 8tfi)te 9Qch as food shortage, uneiaploynent, need for Indus trial is^tictf), ?nd uplift of barlrv^rd classes. 4a a refiedial oeature to moet food*shortage, suit;^ble land* legislation was promised, l^lle ad^tressing the Houie on February 25, ld63, the Hajspramukh stressed the Importance of food«preblen feeing the st te, nnd assurf^d that the Govf^miaent vo’Jld take effective st«?ps to improve food- supply by irrigation and Intensive cultivation* As r<»gards ln<fcetrial policy he said that the Oov«rnB«nt would pay special attention to private sector* He a ls o apprised the House of the difficulties enccmntercd by coir uoxicers, and of the relief aoasures provided to the people affocted by th€> depre•^ion In the coir 2 industry in the coastal aree. During the debates on the am^dsents moved to the Biotion of t ! ^ k s to the Rajapraimikh for his o'Mr«^sS| the? opposition oesbers pointed cut onissicvis on the part of S, TCLP, Vol. VIH, Ho, 1, pp. 1-6 (26,S.19 3) •164* 3 the Oovcrnsiflnt to solve «conoBie probI«Bs, The amisndsonts moved t>7 the menberi of the opposition on Febniary 28 1 1963 to tile etotlon of ^hanks to the head of the st'^te can suRBia rifled a a follows i (I) Oovernnetit ftalled to take effective steps to arrest the deterioration In econoalc eondltlona (T,V* Thonas • Coinnunlst) (II) Oovemoent failed to ^ake note of and devise neaBs to consider the grovlng unenployiBent and acute eeononle distress prevailing in the country C'.S, Ramasvaisy • Socialist) (III) There vas no sentIon In t^e address about the appal* Ing poverty and alspry of the ryots In Sou^ Travancore. Dlscrlolnatlori \4os dio>ai to South Travancore Kunjan Nadar • TTI^C) (Iv) No laiid refonss conteoplatod Ir the address nor <11d %.% nentlon abcut the ^allwre of coir and other Industries (T»4, Kajeed - CoBRminlst) (v) In the address the?e \;as no reference to the distress of the middle class caused by the fall In prices of comnerelel crops (K ,J , Thc«as - Independent) (vl) Therf» was no policy to solve the uneDployment problen nor the ^overninent able to secure Its proper share fron the Centrol alloentlon of finances on the basis of population (M,M. Abdul Ehadlr • Corsmunlst)• t 3. rCLP, Vol VIII, No. 4, pp. 226-945 (28.2.1953) -165- Vilille BCBbers of the TTHC expressed dlssatlsfeetion ovpv the partial treetnent given to the soQthem arpa, the ?^m^(Sii«nt3 moved by an independent oenber pointed out the distress of the nldtll* class. M l tti© parties in opposition expressed the view that the Government failed to solve the econoole problen facing the state. Budget Dlsciisslcns Refusal Of 4eBfai%fpr grants:- On the second day of the session of the newly elected ^issemblyi the Gov'^mnent ves de^'eated over a supplenentary dcnsnd for *s 26yS60 for eOhanolng tJie pension given to an e3C-rwl^>r of a state (Cranganor- 1 K««bers of the opnosltlctfi es veil as of tile 7T1?C voted against this dcnand. voting was 49 for the deoand« 51 against, and 1 neutral. Some of the nembers vlto voted against this dcoand eTspressikl tlielr unwillingness to Dalntr^in 9n aristoemtle class with public nonoy, Flnenolal agreecant 'Ihe major Issue raised by the opr^sltion parties daring budget discussions fbr 198S»53 the financial agreenent between the state and the Central aovomment, empovrerlng the latter to collect the revenue on export and ijicome- 4. TCLP, Vol. V, Ho. S, r,66 (26.3.1962) •1 6 6 . tftXf %lileh fonied a Bajoi* soure« of itat«*s liieoB« (nearly 40 per cent) prior to integmtlon* The right to collect this reventie was surrendered In lien of a lufflp am of Ra, S80 lakhs. The opposition moabers blAoed the Oovemnent that they were net eonsulted about this negotiation, resulting In a her^vy loss to the state. IXirlng the goneral discussion of thp budge t fbr 1962, nenbors of the opposition as veil as some Dpobors of the govemaent party expressed rrave concern over this aureeaent and insisted that the Central Oovemment 5 sh* uld be approodwti to revise the agreement. The govrmraent too seeded to hove resliaed Its nlstake later. While presenting the budget for the year 1953» ^ e Finance Minister, said, **After the Integration cf Travnnecre and Codiln with thc^ Indian UnicH, \/e have a right to get a ahare of *^he export-duty on articles \^1(^ are produced mainly in Travancore-Coc^ln, In not placing Trfrancor^CocMn state on par vith the states Bflnticne^ In Article 5?73 of the Constitution with respect to export (%ity on pepper, etc., the st'^te has a reasonable 6 right to cofitplein that justice ha?? not been done to it” . 5 . TCLP, ? • ! . \T[, No.S, pp. 131-132, Cl.7.l95f') H illi 3, p. 109 <8.7.1962) iilld, No. 4 , pp. 313-3r5 (3.7.196JI) 6. Tap, Vol. VIII, No. 11, p. 872 (9.3,1953) •167« Tyatloni- Th« nanbers of the UFL and the ISP opposed taxation proposala nade In the Budget on ttie around that the burden of taxation fell on the poorer sections of tho ^'onvnunity* During tiie goneral discussion of the Budget on Maroh 14| 1953, Mr, C« \ehutha Meoon (Consminlst) said t ^ t In a budget for a welfare states the burden of taxation on a eoorm man should be reducedf and he fticuld be as9ur<K! of social protectlcMi on vital probleos such as food^ clot^ing| and 7 housing. Xncldancc of taxation vas inorwslng, he added. One of th« major Issues oprosed by the Conraunlst Party, vns the coHeetlon of sales-tax* While speaking on the cut«iBotlon on other taxes en i dutlesf Mr, 4chute Menon said that the sales«tax was a regressive type of taxation and insisted that the tax should not be colleotad as It e would affoct adversely the poor section.
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